CN112748013B - Temperature-controllable engine shell water pressure blasting experiment system and method - Google Patents
Temperature-controllable engine shell water pressure blasting experiment system and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a temperature-controllable engine shell hydraulic pressure blasting experiment system and method, and belongs to the field of solid rocket engine thermal safety research. The system comprises: simulating an engine housing, a heating device and a pressurizing device; the heating device is mounted outside the simulated engine shell; heating the shell of the simulated engine by using the heating device; the pressurizing device is arranged outside the heating device and is connected with the simulated engine shell through a pipeline; and pressurizing the simulated engine shell by using the pressurizing device. The invention can simulate the high-temperature and high-pressure environment borne by the engine shell when the engine is subjected to accidental thermal stimulation to cause propellant charging accidental reaction, realizes the test of the explosion pressure of the engine shell under the high-temperature condition, and ensures the test safety.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of research on thermal safety of solid rocket engines, and particularly relates to a temperature-controllable engine shell hydraulic pressure explosion experiment system and method.
Background
The solid rocket engine (hereinafter referred to as engine) usually accounts for 60-70% of the total mass of the missile weapon system, can be subjected to accidental thermal stimulation such as fire or fire in a nearby storehouse in the processes of storage, transportation and standby launching, is extremely easy to cause violent response such as accidental detonation and even explosion of the engine, causes serious safety accidents, and is a main hazard source of the missile weapon system.
Research has shown that the shell slow release technology can effectively improve the thermal safety of the engine. The shell slow-release technology is that the constraint strength of propellant charge is weakened through shell material or structural design, and finally a pressure-relief exhaust channel is established on a shell, so that the propellant charge generates relatively mild combustion reaction under the action of accidental thermal stimulation, and further the response intensity of an engine is reduced, and the engine meets the requirement of service safety. There are many application cases abroad. France Rockwell corporation adopts the technology of carving stress concentration grooves outside the shell and winding the shell by a metal belt to carry out slow release design on the missile engine, thereby effectively reducing the response intensity of the engine in a slow-speed burning test; the American sidewinder air-air missile Mk36 Mod11 engine adopts a slow release technology of a fiber-wound graphite composite material shell in the improved design, so that the response intensity of the engine in a rapid burning test is greatly reduced; the American improved sparrow petit missile adopts the carbon fiber reinforced composite material shell, and the design obviously reduces the response intensity of the engine in the fast burning and slow burning tests.
However, the key to the slow release design of the engine shell is to grasp the explosion pressure of the engine shell under different environmental temperature (especially high temperature) conditions. The burst pressure of the engine casing is generally the maximum pressure that the casing can withstand during normal operation of the combustion chamber, i.e. in a normal temperature (during ground test) or normal pneumatic heating (during flight) environment. Aiming at the safety problem of severe response when the engine is subjected to accidental thermal stimulation, the slow release design of the engine shell can be carried out according to the shell explosion pressure under the high-temperature condition, so that the shell can form a pressure release channel before abnormal pressure in the engine is gathered, and the severe response degree of the shell is further reduced.
The explosion pressure of the engine shell can be generally measured through a hydraulic pressure explosion experiment of a pressure vessel, but the existing hydraulic pressure explosion experiment machine is a normal-temperature pressurization experiment device, has no coupling of environmental temperature, is difficult to simulate the condition that the engine is subjected to unexpected thermal stimulation, and cannot realize the test of the explosion pressure of the engine shell under the high-temperature condition; in the existing hydraulic blasting test, the coupling to the environmental temperature can be realized by heating the experimental piece, but the pressurizing assembly of the hydraulic blasting experimental machine is easily damaged by the superheated water backflow in the pipeline; in addition, most of the existing environment heating devices are the oven, in the experimental process, high-temperature and high-pressure saturated water in the shell can be subjected to physical explosion when the shell is broken, the oven and peripheral experimental facilities are extremely easy to damage, certain dangerousness is realized, and the test cost is huge.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a temperature-controllable engine shell hydraulic pressure explosion experiment system and method, which adopt a hydraulic press pressurization and heating belt temperature rise mode to simulate the high-temperature and high-pressure environment borne by an engine shell when the engine is subjected to accidental propellant charging reaction caused by accidental thermal stimulation, and test the explosion pressure of the engine shell under different temperature conditions by matching with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature and pressure control system, a computer monitoring table, a one-way valve, a stop valve and a high-speed camera to realize the simulation, control, recording and observation of the engine shell overheating hydraulic pressure explosion.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a temperature-controllable hydraulic bursting experiment system for an engine casing, the system comprising: simulating an engine housing, a heating device and a pressurizing device;
the heating device is mounted outside the simulated engine shell; heating the simulated engine shell by using the heating device;
the pressurizing device is arranged outside the heating device and is connected with the simulated engine shell through a pipeline; and pressurizing the simulated engine shell by using the pressurizing device.
Specifically, the simulated engine casing includes: the device comprises an upper end cover, a cylinder body and a lower end cover;
the cylinder body is of a cylindrical structure with openings at two ends;
the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder body; the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder body;
the upper end cover is provided with three holes, namely a water inlet hole, a temperature measuring hole and a water outlet hole;
a temperature sensor is arranged in the temperature measuring hole;
the water inlet hole is connected with a water inlet pipe, and a first pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe;
the water outlet hole is connected with a water outlet pipe, and a second pressure sensor is arranged on the water outlet pipe;
the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are respectively connected with a computer;
the lower end cover is provided with a through hole, and a slow release structure is hermetically arranged in the through hole.
Specifically, the heating device includes: an aluminum cylinder, a heating belt and a heat preservation device;
the aluminum cylinder is of a cylindrical structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end;
the heating belt is a ribbon-shaped electric heating wire, is wound on the outer wall of the aluminum cylinder and is connected with the temperature control device through an electric wire;
the heat preservation device comprises heat preservation cotton and a heat preservation adhesive tape, and the heat preservation cotton is wrapped outside the heating tape through the heat preservation adhesive tape;
the aluminum cylinder is sleeved outside the simulated engine shell, an annular space is reserved between the inner wall of the aluminum cylinder and the outer wall of the simulated engine shell, and an air layer is formed in the annular space;
further, a temperature control thermocouple is arranged between the heating belt and the aluminum cylinder;
at least one temperature thermocouple is arranged between the aluminum cylinder and the simulated engine shell;
and the temperature control thermocouple and the temperature measuring thermocouple are respectively connected with the temperature control device.
Specifically, the pressurizing device includes: the electric pressure test pump and the pressure maintaining and relieving device are respectively connected with the computer;
the outlet of the electric pressure test pump is connected with the inlet of a one-way valve, and the outlet of the one-way valve is connected with the water inlet pipe;
the inlet of the pressure maintaining and relieving device is connected with the outlet of the stop valve, and the inlet of the stop valve is connected with the water outlet pipe.
To better support the simulated engine housing and heating device, the system further comprises a test stand;
the test rack includes: a horizontal table top and a plurality of table legs for supporting the table top;
a through hole is formed in the desktop;
the simulation engine shell and the heating device are vertically placed on the table top of the test support; the slow release structure on the lower end cover of the simulated engine shell is over against the through hole on the desktop;
and a high-speed camera is arranged below the desktop of the test support and is right opposite to the slow release structure.
Further, in order to avoid scattering of shell fragments and splashing of superheated water in the test process, a protection barrel is arranged on the test support;
the protective cylinder is a cylindrical structure with two open ends and surrounds the outside of the heating device;
the lower end face of the protection cylinder is provided with an outward annular flange, a plurality of holes are formed in the annular flange, and the protection cylinder is fixed on the desktop of the test support through installing bolts in each hole.
Preferably, the water inlet holes, the water outlet holes and the temperature measuring holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
preferably, the wall thickness of the aluminum cylinder is more than 0.5mm and less than 2 mm;
preferably, the thickness of the air layer 3-1 is more than 3mm and less than 5 mm;
preferably, a leakage protection switch is arranged in a power supply loop of the heating device;
preferably, the protective cylinder is made of stainless steel materials.
More preferably, the wall thickness of the aluminum cylinder is 1 mm;
the check valve and the stop valve are installed at a distance of 1.5m from the simulated engine housing.
In a second aspect of the present invention, a method for testing hydraulic bursting of a temperature-controllable engine casing is provided, the method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: installing the system:
step two: setting a test pressure and a boosting rate; controlling an electric pressure test pump to boost the pressure of the simulated engine shell, and stabilizing the pressure by using a pressure maintaining and relieving device when the pressure in the simulated engine shell reaches the test pressure;
step three: setting a heating limit, a heating rate and a test temperature of the heating belt; controlling a heating device to heat a simulated engine shell, starting heat preservation when the temperature of a heating belt reaches the heating limit, recording the measured values of a first temperature thermocouple and a second temperature thermocouple, and controlling a pressurizing device to start pressurizing until the simulated engine shell is exploded when the average value of the measured values acquired by the first temperature thermocouple and the second temperature thermocouple reaches the test temperature;
step four: observing temperature change and recording a temperature rise curve through a temperature control device; the rupture process of the sustained release structure was recorded by a high speed camera.
The operation of the first step comprises the following steps:
connecting a water inlet hole of a simulated engine shell with an electric pressure test pump through a pipeline, and installing a one-way valve on the pipeline; connecting the water outlet hole with a pressure maintaining and relieving device through a pipeline, and installing a stop valve on the pipeline; a temperature sensor is arranged in the temperature measuring hole;
sleeving an aluminum cylinder outside the simulated engine shell, and placing a first temperature thermocouple and a second temperature thermocouple between the aluminum cylinder and the simulated engine shell;
winding a heating belt on the outer wall of the aluminum cylinder, fixing a temperature control thermocouple between the aluminum cylinder and the heating belt, and then wrapping a heat preservation device outside the heating belt;
placing the upper end cover of the simulated engine shell provided with the heating device on the desktop of the test support in an upward manner, so that the slow release structure on the lower end cover is opposite to the through hole on the desktop; installing a high-speed camera below the desktop to align the high-speed camera with the slow release structure;
and sleeving the protective cylinder outside the heating device, and fixing the protective cylinder on a table top.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention can simulate the high-temperature and high-pressure environment borne by the engine shell when the engine is subjected to accidental thermal stimulation to cause the propellant charge accidental reaction, and realizes the test of the explosion pressure of the engine shell under the high-temperature condition;
(2) according to the invention, the high-temperature resistant stop valve and the one-way valve are arranged in the pressurizing pipeline system, so that superheated water is prevented from flowing back to the pressurizing device, the experiment system is prevented from being damaged, and the normal operation of experiment tests is ensured;
(3) according to the invention, the aluminum cylinder is arranged between the heating belt and the shell of the simulated engine, so that the restraint of the heating belt on the shell is reduced, the shell is heated more uniformly by radiation and air convection, and the temperature of the shell is regulated by the temperature control device through data acquired by the thermocouple during testing, the temperature rise rate is accurately controlled, and the power supply can be automatically cut off in time when an accident happens, so that the safety of the testing is ensured;
(4) in the testing process, single-stage or multi-stage pressure maintaining test can be set at will, the boosting speed can be kept constant, stepless regulation is realized through frequency conversion of a frequency converter (the frequency converter is connected to a connecting line of a system power supply and an electric pressure test pump) and a computer, and accurate pressure and no overpressure test is realized;
(5) the invention can display data and curve parameters in real time, automatically store test results and print test reports.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic composition diagram of a temperature-controllable engine case hydraulic pressure explosion experiment system.
FIG. 2-1 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a simulated engine housing of the present invention;
FIG. 2-2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 2-1;
FIG. 3-1 is a schematic view of a heating apparatus according to the present invention;
fig. 3-2 is a sectional view taken along line B-B in fig. 3-1.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1 to 3-2, the temperature-controllable hydraulic bursting experiment system for an engine case according to the present invention comprises: the simulation engine comprises a simulation engine shell 1, a heating device 3 and a pressurizing device, wherein the heating device 3 is installed outside the simulation engine shell 1, and the pressurizing device is arranged outside the heating device 3 and is connected with the simulation engine shell 1 through a pipeline. The pressurizing device comprises an electric pressure test pump 17 and a pressure maintaining and relieving device 14. The simulated engine case 1 is heated by the heating device 3, and the simulated engine case 1 is pressurized by the pressurizing device.
As shown in fig. 2-1 and 2-2, the simulated engine case 1 includes: the device comprises an upper end cover 1-1, a cylinder body 1-5 and a lower end cover 1-6, wherein the cylinder body 1-5 is of a cylindrical structure with two open ends, the upper end cover 1-1 is connected to the upper end of the cylinder body 1-5 through threads, and the lower end cover 1-6 is connected to the lower end of the cylinder body 1-5 through threads.
Three holes are arranged on an upper end cover 1-1 of the simulated engine shell 1, and are respectively a water inlet hole 1-2, a temperature measuring hole 1-3 and a water outlet hole 1-4. The outer wall of the temperature sensor 10 is provided with threads, the inner wall of the temperature measuring hole 1-3 is provided with threads, and the temperature sensor 10 is inserted into the temperature measuring hole 1-3 and connected together through the threads on the inner wall of the hole. The water inlet pipe is connected with a water inlet hole 1-2 on an upper end cover 1-1 of the simulation engine shell 1 through a joint, a first pressure sensor 6 is arranged on the water inlet pipe (close to the joint), the water outlet pipe is connected with a water outlet hole 1-4 on the upper end cover 1-1 of the simulation engine shell 1 through a joint, and a second pressure sensor 9 is arranged on the water outlet pipe (close to the joint).
The pressure and temperature change inside the engine shell 1 can be monitored and simulated in the whole process through the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor 10; the first pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 are respectively connected with the computer 13 (for clarity of the picture, only the connecting lines between the temperature sensor 10 and the computer 13 are shown in fig. 1, and the connecting lines between the first pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 9 and the computer 13 are not shown).
A through hole is formed in the lower end cover 1-6 of the simulated engine shell 1, the slow release structure is cast in the through hole, and the through hole is sealed after the slow release structure is installed.
The dimensions of the simulated engine housing 1 in the embodiment are standard dimensions in the industry, and reference may be made to relevant specifications in the GJB, which are as follows: the inner diameter of the cylinder body 1-5 is phi 100mm, the length is 200mm, and the wall thickness is 3 mm; the thickness of the end cover of the upper end cover 1-1 is 30mm, the thickness of the end cover of the lower end cover 1-6 is 10mm, and a simulation engine shell with a larger size or a smaller size can be designed according to actual needs.
The closer the holes on the upper end cover 1-1 are to the edge, the more favorable the air exhaust is, preferably, in this embodiment, the distances from the water inlet 1-2, the water outlet 1-4 and the temperature measuring hole 1-3 to the edge of the upper end cover 1-1 are all 28mm, so that the distance from the water inlet 1-2 to the water outlet 1-4 is longer, and the air exhaust can be better performed, and the three holes are arranged on the circumference of phi 60 at an interval of 120 degrees in pairs, so that the first pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 can be more easily mounted and dismounted.
As shown in fig. 3-1 and 3-2, the heating device 3 includes: the aluminum barrel comprises an aluminum barrel 3-2, a heating belt 3-3 and a heat preservation device 3-4, wherein the aluminum barrel 3-2 is of a barrel-shaped structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end, the heating belt 3-3 is a ribbon-shaped electric heating wire and can be spirally wound on the outer wall of the aluminum barrel 3-2 and connected with a temperature control device 12 through an electric wire, and the heat preservation device 3-4 comprises heat preservation cotton and a heat preservation adhesive tape. The heating belt 3-3 is wound on the outer wall of the aluminum cylinder 3-2, the heat preservation device 3-4 is wrapped on the outer side of the heating belt 3-3, and specifically, the heat preservation effect is achieved by wrapping heat preservation cotton on the outer side of the heating belt 3-3 through a heat preservation adhesive tape.
The aluminum cylinder 3-2 is sleeved outside the simulated engine shell 1, an annular space is reserved between the inner wall of the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the outer wall of the simulated engine shell 1, an air layer 3-1 is formed in the annular space, and an air layer 3-1 is also arranged between the cylindrical outer walls of the upper end cover and the lower end cover and the aluminum cylinder 3-2. Preferably, the thickness of the air layer 3-1 is more than 3mm and less than 5 mm.
The heating principle of the heating device 3 is as follows: the heat generated by the heating belt 3-3 is transferred to the aluminum cylinder 3-2, and then the simulated engine shell 1 is heated through the air layer 3-1. As the aluminum cylinder 3-2 is arranged between the heating belt 3-3 and the simulated engine shell 1, the restraint of the heating belt 3-3 on the shell 1 is reduced, and the shell is heated more uniformly by radiation and air convection.
The thickness of the aluminum cylinder 3-2 is larger than 0.5mm and smaller than 2mm, in the embodiment, the wall thickness of the aluminum cylinder 3-2 is 1mm, namely the aluminum cylinder 3-2 with the wall thickness of 1mm is arranged between the heating belt 3-3 and the simulated engine shell 1, and the heat radiation performance and the service performance of the aluminum cylinder with the thickness of 1mm are optimal.
Further, a temperature control thermocouple 7 is arranged between the heating belt 3-3 and the aluminum barrel 3-2 (when the heating belt is wound, the temperature control thermocouple 7 is directly fixed between the heating belt 3-3 and the aluminum barrel 3-2 through the heating belt 3-3 during installation), the temperature control thermocouple 7 is connected with a temperature control device 12 through an electric wire, and acquired data serve as a basis for the temperature control device 12 to adjust the temperature of the heating belt 3-3 and are used for controlling the temperature of the heating belt 3-3.
Further, in order to measure the temperature, at least one temperature thermocouple, two in this embodiment, a first temperature thermocouple 5 and a second temperature thermocouple 8, are disposed between the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the simulated engine casing 1. Specifically, the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 are placed in the air layer 3-1, namely the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 are clamped between the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the simulated engine shell 1 without being fixed by other auxiliary structures, and the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 also ensure that the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the simulated engine shell 1 are arranged coaxially.
The temperature control thermocouple 7, the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 are respectively connected with a temperature control device 12, and the curve of temperature change along with time is recorded and the temperature is controlled.
There is no special requirement for the arrangement positions of the temperature thermocouple 7, the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8, and the installation and the disassembly are convenient, for example, as shown in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, the three are arranged with a 90-degree difference on the circumference. The relative positions of the temperature control thermocouple 7, the first temperature thermocouple 5, the second temperature thermocouple 8, the first pressure sensor 6, the second pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 are not required, and the installation and the disassembly are convenient.
Preferably, an earth leakage protection switch is arranged in a power supply loop of the heating device 3, so that the phenomenon that overheated water is sprayed due to the fact that a shell is broken in the test process is avoided, and water enters the heating belt 3-3 to cause short circuit is avoided.
Preferably, the temperature control thermocouple 7, the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 adopted in this embodiment adopt the existing high temperature resistance and high pressure resistance, and meet the requirements of the maximum working pressure of 100Mpa and the maximum working temperature of 300 ℃. For example, the model WRNKH2-1033H-E50f0-S30000 thermocouple manufactured by Chongqing Haichen corporation may be used.
The temperature control device 12 of the invention can perform temperature rise control by acquiring the temperature between the heating band 3-3 and the aluminum cylinder 3-2 (which can be regarded as the temperature of the heating band 3-3) by the temperature control thermocouple 7 and the temperature between the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the simulated engine shell 1 (which can be regarded as the temperature of the simulated engine shell 1) acquired by the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8, and output analog quantity signals to adjust the output power of the heating band 3-3, thereby achieving the purpose of accurately controlling the temperature, and meanwhile, the temperature control device 12 acquires temperature data by the PLC, realizes temperature data acquisition, records the curve of the temperature changing along with time, stores and displays in real time by the touch screen. The temperature control device 12 in this embodiment is an existing device, for example, a temperature control device manufactured by the Chongqing aerospace industry and having a model number ZJY-1B can be adopted.
Preferably, the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor 10 used in the invention can resist high temperature and high pressure, and meet the requirements of the maximum working pressure of 100MPa and the maximum working temperature of 300 ℃. The temperature sensor 10 and the pressure sensor are both conventional sensors, for example, the temperature sensor may be a PPM-WZPB temperature sensor of Changsha Tibet electronics Co., Ltd, and the pressure sensor may be a PPM-T330A-G100M2A1T0D3M1W2P1 pressure sensor of Changsha Tibet electronics Co., Ltd.
The pressurizing device comprises an electric pressure test pump 17 and a pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 which are respectively connected with a computer 13, and the computer 13 controls the pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 and the electric pressure test pump 17.
The electric pressure test pump 17 is a pressurizing device and is used for injecting water into the simulated engine shell 1 to realize the pressure increase inside the simulated engine shell 1. Specifically, the outlet of the electric pressure test pump 17 is connected with the inlet of the one-way valve 16, and the outlet of the one-way valve 16 is connected with the water inlet 1-2 through a water inlet pipe.
The pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 is pressure maintaining and relieving equipment, so that when the internal pressure of the simulated engine shell 1 reaches a specified pressure, the pressure cannot exceed an allowable pressure drop, and the pressure of the system is automatically kept stable; when the system pressure is abnormal, the system pressure is manually released. Specifically, an inlet of the pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 is connected with an outlet of the stop valve 15, and an inlet of the stop valve 15 is connected with the water outlet holes 1-4 through a water outlet pipe. The electric pressure test pump 17 and the pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 are all made of existing products, and can be made of an electric pressure test pump and a pressure maintaining and relieving device in a LYD100-40-YK device of the Guangzhou Longhou hydraulic machinery Co.
Preferably, the installation positions of the check valve 16 and the stop valve 15 are 1.5m away from the simulated engine casing (the positions can optimally avoid hot water backflow), and the test device is high-temperature resistant and high-pressure resistant, meets the requirements of the highest working pressure of 100MPa and the highest working temperature of 300 ℃, and avoids superheated water from flowing back to the electric pressure test pump 17 and the pressure maintaining and relieving device 14, so as to prevent the test system from being damaged and ensure normal operation of the test.
During the pressurized water injection, air may be input into the simulated engine housing 1, so the water outlet holes 1-4 also serve as exhaust holes of the simulated engine housing 1, and the purpose is to exhaust air from the simulated engine housing 1 during the pressure boosting process, and the air enters the pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 through the water outlet holes 1-4 through a pipeline.
The computer 13 realizes the setting of the boosting rate, boosting mode, pressure maintaining time, continuous boosting and the like of the system and the recording of data. In the embodiment, the maximum pressure rise rate of the system is 12MPa/min, the working pressure range is 20-100 MPa, the temperature rise rate is 10-15 ℃/min, the maximum temperature rise rate is 15 ℃/min, and the working temperature can reach 300 ℃ at most.
In particular, in order to better support the simulated engine casing 1 and the heating device 3, the system further comprises a test stand 4, the test stand 4 comprising: the table comprises a horizontal table top and a plurality of table legs for supporting the table top, wherein a through hole is formed in the table top. The simulated engine shell 1 and the heating device 3 are vertically placed on the table top of the test support 4, namely the central axial directions of the simulated engine shell 1 and the heating device 3 are vertical to the table top. The slow release structure on the lower end cover 1-6 of the simulated engine shell 1 is opposite to the through hole on the desktop. The diameter of the through-hole in this embodiment is 50 mm.
A high-speed camera 11 is arranged below the desktop of the test support 4, the high-speed camera 11 is over against the slow release structure on the simulation engine shell 1, and the slow release structure is shot through the through hole in the breaking process.
Further, in order to avoid scattering of shell fragments and splashing of superheated water during the test, a protective cylinder 2 is placed on the test support 4, and the protective cylinder 2 is a cylindrical structure with two open ends and surrounds the heating device 3. Specifically, the protective cylinder 2 is made of stainless steel, in this embodiment, the thickness of the protective cylinder 2 is greater than or equal to 5mm, and the diameter is phi 180 mm. The outer annular flanging is arranged on the lower end face of the protection device, a plurality of holes are formed in the annular flanging, the protection cylinder 2 is fixed on the table top of the test support 4 through installing M10 multiplied by 25 hexagon bolts in each hole, so that the protection cylinder 2 is used for preventing shell fragments from flying and superheated water from splashing in the test process, the protection safety is ensured, and the disassembly and easy maintenance of the protection device are realized.
The method for testing by using the system of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing the system:
preparing a simulated engine shell 1 in advance, connecting a water inlet hole 1-2 of the simulated engine shell 1 with an electric pressure test pump 17 through a pipeline, installing a temperature sensor 10 in a temperature measuring hole 1-3, connecting a water outlet hole 1-4 with a pressure maintaining and relieving device 14 through a pipeline, installing a check valve 16 on the pipeline connecting the water inlet hole 1-2 with the electric pressure test pump 17, and installing a stop valve 15 on the pipeline connecting the water outlet hole 1-4 with the pressure maintaining and relieving device 14.
Then, sleeving an aluminum cylinder 3-2 outside the simulated engine shell 1, and placing a first temperature thermocouple 5 and a second temperature thermocouple 8 between the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the simulated engine shell 1;
winding a heating belt 3-3 on the outer wall of the aluminum cylinder 3-2, fixing a measurement and control thermocouple 7 between the aluminum cylinder 3-2 and the heating belt 3-3, and then wrapping a heat preservation device 3-4 on the outer side of the heating belt 3-3;
and (3) placing the upper end cover 1-1 of the simulated engine shell 1 with the heating device 3 installed on the desktop of the test support 4 upwards, so that the slow release structure installed on the lower end cover 1-6 is opposite to the through hole on the desktop.
Finally, the protection cylinder 2 is sleeved outside the heating device 3, and the protection cylinder 2 is fixed on a table top by bolts; the high speed camera 11 is directed at the slow release structure.
Step two: the computer 13 sets a test pressure (for example, set to 12MPa), a boosting rate (for example, set to 12MPa/min), and controls the electric pressure test pump 17 to boost the simulated engine case 1 by means of water injection, and the pressure holding pressure relief device 14 stabilizes the pressure when the internal pressure of the simulated engine case 1 reaches the test pressure. The pressure sensor and temperature sensor 10 transmits the measured values of pressure and temperature to the computer 13.
Step three: the heating device 3 is controlled by the temperature control device 12 to heat the simulated engine shell 1, the heating limit of the heating zone 3-3 is set (for example, the heating limit can be set to 200 ℃), the heating rate can be set to 10-15 ℃/min, and the test temperature can be set to 160 ℃ for example), when the heating zone 3-3 reaches the heating limit, the heat preservation is started, the measured values of the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 are recorded, and when the average value of the measured values collected by the first temperature thermocouple 5 and the second temperature thermocouple 8 (the sum of the measured values of the two temperature thermocouples is divided by 2) reaches the test temperature, the pressurizing device is controlled to start pressurizing until the simulated engine shell 1 explodes.
Step four: the temperature change is observed and the temperature rise curve is recorded by the temperature control device 12. The high-speed camera 11 records the rupture process of the slow release structure, and transmits images to the computer 13, so that the response behavior of the slow release structure of the solid rocket engine under the action of thermal stimulation can be observed conveniently.
The system provided by the invention adopts a hydraulic press pressurization and heating belt temperature rise mode to simulate the temperature and pressure environment borne by the engine shell when the engine is subjected to accidental thermal stimulation to cause propellant charging accidental reaction, and tests the explosion pressure of the engine shell under different temperature conditions, so that a pressure threshold value is provided for the slow release structure design of the engine shell. In the theoretical design and experimental research of the safety of the solid rocket engine, the system has a very good popularization prospect.
The above-described embodiments are intended to be illustrative only, and various modifications and variations such as those described in the above-described embodiments of the invention may be readily made by those skilled in the art based upon the teachings and teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a controllable engine case hydraulic pressure blasting experimental system of temperature which characterized in that: the system comprises: simulating an engine housing, a heating device and a pressurizing device;
the heating device is mounted outside the simulated engine shell; heating the shell of the simulated engine by using the heating device;
the pressurizing device is arranged outside the heating device and is connected with the simulated engine shell through a pipeline; pressurizing the simulated engine shell by using the pressurizing device;
the heating device includes: an aluminum cylinder, a heating belt;
the aluminum cylinder is of a cylindrical structure with openings at the upper end and the lower end;
the heating belt is a ribbon-shaped electric heating wire and is wound on the outer wall of the aluminum cylinder;
the aluminum cylinder is sleeved outside the simulated engine shell, an annular space is reserved between the inner wall of the aluminum cylinder and the outer wall of the simulated engine shell, and an air layer is formed in the annular space;
the simulated engine housing includes: the device comprises an upper end cover, a cylinder body and a lower end cover;
the cylinder body is of a cylindrical structure with openings at two ends;
the upper end cover is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder body; the lower end cover is arranged at the lower end of the cylinder body;
the upper end cover is provided with three holes, namely a water inlet hole, a temperature measuring hole and a water outlet hole;
a temperature sensor is arranged in the temperature measuring hole;
the water inlet hole is connected with a water inlet pipe, and a first pressure sensor is arranged on the water inlet pipe;
the water outlet hole is connected with a water outlet pipe, and a second pressure sensor is arranged on the water outlet pipe;
the first pressure sensor, the second pressure sensor and the temperature sensor are respectively connected with a computer;
the lower end cover is provided with a through hole, and a slow release structure is hermetically arranged in the through hole;
the pressurizing device includes: the electric pressure test pump and the pressure maintaining and relieving device are respectively connected with the computer;
the outlet of the electric pressure test pump is connected with the inlet of a one-way valve, and the outlet of the one-way valve is connected with the water inlet pipe;
the inlet of the pressure maintaining and relieving device is connected with the outlet of the stop valve, and the inlet of the stop valve is connected with the water outlet pipe.
2. The temperature-controllable engine case hydraulic pressure bursting experiment system as recited in claim 1, wherein: the heating device includes: a heat preservation device;
the heating belt is connected with the temperature control device through an electric wire;
the heat preservation device comprises heat preservation cotton and a heat preservation adhesive tape, and the heat preservation cotton is wrapped outside the heating tape through the heat preservation adhesive tape;
a temperature control thermocouple is arranged between the heating belt and the aluminum cylinder;
a first temperature thermocouple and a second temperature thermocouple are arranged between the aluminum cylinder and the simulated engine shell;
and the temperature control thermocouple and the temperature measuring thermocouple are respectively connected with the temperature control device.
3. The system for testing hydraulic bursting of a temperature-controllable engine housing as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the system further comprises a test rack;
the test rack includes: a horizontal table top and a plurality of table legs for supporting the table top;
a through hole is formed in the desktop;
the simulation engine shell and the heating device are vertically placed on the table top of the test support; the slow release structure on the lower end cover of the simulated engine shell is over against the through hole on the desktop;
and a high-speed camera is arranged below the desktop of the test support and is right opposite to the slow release structure.
4. The temperature-controllable engine case hydraulic bursting test system as claimed in claim 3, wherein: a protective cylinder is arranged on the test bracket;
the protective cylinder is a cylindrical structure with two open ends and surrounds the outside of the heating device;
an outward annular flanging is arranged on the lower end face of the protection cylinder;
a plurality of holes are formed in the annular flanging, and the protective cylinder is fixed on the desktop of the test support through installing bolts in each hole.
5. The temperature-controllable motor housing hydraulic pressure bursting experiment system as recited in claim 4, wherein: the water inlet holes, the water outlet holes and the temperature measuring holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference;
the wall thickness of the aluminum cylinder is more than 0.5mm and less than 2 mm;
the thickness of the air layer is more than 3mm and less than 5 mm;
a leakage protection switch is arranged in a power supply loop of the heating device;
the protective cylinder is made of stainless steel materials.
6. The temperature-controllable engine case hydraulic bursting test system as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the wall thickness of the aluminum cylinder is 1 mm;
the check valve and the stop valve are installed at a distance of 1.5m from the simulated engine shell.
7. A temperature-controllable engine shell hydraulic blasting experiment method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: installing the system of claim 6:
step two: setting a test pressure and a boosting rate; controlling an electric pressure test pump to boost the pressure of the simulated engine shell, and stabilizing the pressure by using a pressure maintaining and relieving device when the pressure in the simulated engine shell reaches the test pressure;
step three: setting a heating limit, a heating rate and a test temperature of the heating belt; controlling a heating device to heat the simulated engine shell, starting heat preservation when the temperature of a heating belt reaches the heating limit, recording the measured values of a first temperature thermocouple and a second temperature thermocouple, and controlling a pressurizing device to start pressurizing until the simulated engine shell is exploded when the average value of the measured values acquired by the first temperature thermocouple and the second temperature thermocouple reaches the test temperature;
step four: observing temperature change and recording a temperature rise curve through a temperature control device; the rupture process of the sustained release structure was recorded by a high speed camera.
8. The method for testing hydraulic bursting of a temperature-controllable engine housing as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the operation of the first step comprises the following steps:
connecting a water inlet hole of a simulated engine shell with an electric pressure test pump through a pipeline, and installing a one-way valve on the pipeline; connecting the water outlet hole with a pressure maintaining and relieving device through a pipeline, and installing a stop valve on the pipeline; a temperature sensor is arranged in the temperature measuring hole;
sleeving an aluminum cylinder outside the simulated engine shell, and placing a first temperature thermocouple and a second temperature thermocouple between the aluminum cylinder and the simulated engine shell;
winding a heating belt on the outer wall of the aluminum cylinder, fixing a temperature control thermocouple between the aluminum cylinder and the heating belt, and then wrapping a heat preservation device outside the heating belt;
placing the upper end cover of the simulated engine shell provided with the heating device on the desktop of the test support in an upward manner, so that the slow release structure on the lower end cover is opposite to the through hole on the desktop; installing a high-speed camera below a desktop to align the high-speed camera with the slow release structure;
and sleeving the protective cylinder outside the heating device, and fixing the protective cylinder on a table top.
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