CN112745127A - Silicon nitride ceramic cutter and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Silicon nitride ceramic cutter and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112745127A
CN112745127A CN202011625532.6A CN202011625532A CN112745127A CN 112745127 A CN112745127 A CN 112745127A CN 202011625532 A CN202011625532 A CN 202011625532A CN 112745127 A CN112745127 A CN 112745127A
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China
Prior art keywords
silicon nitride
sintering
nitride ceramic
cutter
temperature
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CN202011625532.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
伍尚华
邹文劲
杨平
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Guangdong University of Technology
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Priority to CN202011625532.6A priority Critical patent/CN112745127A/en
Priority to PCT/CN2021/083070 priority patent/WO2022141835A1/en
Publication of CN112745127A publication Critical patent/CN112745127A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/005—Geometry of the chip-forming or the clearance planes, e.g. tool angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/22—Cutting tools with chip-breaking equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
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    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

The preparation method of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter provided by the application can be used for preparing the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with high-precision circular arc blades, chip breakers, surface patterns and other complex shapes by photocuring ceramic slurry containing silicon nitride powder, so that the cutting resistance is reduced, and the cutting efficiency is improved; the silicon nitride ceramic tool and the preparation method and application thereof can effectively solve the technical problems that the silicon nitride ceramic tool with a high-precision chip breaking groove and a surface pattern structure for improving the cutting efficiency cannot be prepared in the prior art, and the silicon nitride ceramic tool is high in preparation cost and short in service life.

Description

Silicon nitride ceramic cutter and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of ceramic materials, and particularly relates to a silicon nitride ceramic cutter and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
The silicon nitride ceramic has higher hardness and wear resistance and is one of ideal high-temperature structural materials, so that the silicon nitride ceramic cutter can well process gray cast iron and nickel-based high-temperature alloy.
The existing silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool is divided into two types of molding and sintering processes, one is to sinter the silicon nitride ceramic into a fixed shape by hot pressing and then machine the silicon nitride ceramic into a silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool with a certain shape by later-stage machining; the other method is to shape the silicon nitride ceramic powder by isostatic pressing, then sinter the silicon nitride ceramic powder by pressureless sintering or air pressure sintering, and finally obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter by machining. In the existing process for preparing the silicon nitride ceramic cutter, the conventional machining process cannot prepare the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with complex shapes such as arc cutting edges, chip breakers, surface patterns and the like due to high hardness and better wear resistance of the silicon nitride ceramic. The conventional ceramic cutter preparation method has the advantages of large machining allowance, low machining efficiency and high cost; and the precision of the prepared ceramic cutter is low, and the ceramic cutter is not provided with a chip breaker groove, so that the service life of the cutter is short.
When the existing silicon nitride ceramic cutter is used for high-speed dry cutting, the silicon nitride ceramic cutter is broken due to insufficient toughness, so that the service life of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter is short.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present application provides a silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool and a manufacturing method thereof, which are used to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, a silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool with a high-precision chip breaker and a surface pattern structure for improving cutting efficiency cannot be manufactured, and the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool is high in manufacturing cost and short in service life.
The application provides a preparation method of a silicon nitride ceramic cutter in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:
step one, mixing silicon nitride powder and sintering aid, ball-milling, drying and sieving to obtain mixed powder;
mixing the mixed powder, the light-cured resin, the photoinitiator and the dispersant by using a homogenizer to obtain light-cured silicon nitride ceramic slurry;
inputting the 3D model of the cutter into a computer, slicing the model by using software, and carrying out photocuring molding on the photocuring silicon nitride ceramic slurry to obtain a molded cutter blank;
degreasing and sintering the formed cutter blank to obtain a silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a chip breaker groove and a surface pattern structure;
the sintering aid is MxOyAnd Re2O3；
The M isxOySelected from Al2O3Or MgO;
the Re2O3Wherein Re is selected from one or more of Y, La, Yb, Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Lu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm.
Preferably, in the mixed powder, silicon nitride powder and MxOyAnd Re2O3The mass ratio of (85-96): (1-5): (3-10).
Preferably, the method also comprises a fifth step of preparing a coating on the surface of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter by a physical vapor deposition process or a chemical vapor deposition process;
preferably, the coating comprises Al2O3、TiCN、TiC、TiN、TiAlN、TiB2And a TiAlCrN coating.
Preferably, the degreasing is specifically to place the molding cutter blank in an air atmosphere glue removing furnace, raise the temperature to 400-500 ℃ at the speed of 0.2-5 ℃/min, and preserve the temperature for 1-3h for degreasing.
Preferably, the sintering is specifically that the molding cutter blank is placed in an atmosphere sintering furnace, the temperature is raised to 1600-1950 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min under the condition that the air pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, and the temperature is kept for 1-5h for sintering;
the atmosphere sintering furnace is a nitrogen or argon sintering furnace.
Preferably, the sintering method comprises the following steps: placing the cutter blank in a pressure sintering furnace, introducing nitrogen or argon, wherein the pressure is 1-20MPa, heating to 1600-1950 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min, and preserving the temperature for 1-5 h.
Preferably, the sintering is carried out by placing the molding cutter blank into an atmosphere sintering furnace, heating to 1600-1950 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min under the condition that the air pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, carrying out heat preservation for 1-5h for sintering, placing the molding cutter blank after atmosphere sintering into a hot isostatic pressing furnace for sintering, introducing nitrogen or argon, heating to 1600-1950 ℃ at the speed of 1-10 ℃/min under the condition that the air pressure is 100-200MPa, and carrying out heat preservation for 30-150 min.
Preferably, the sintering is microwave sintering or spark plasma sintering.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool.
In a third aspect of the present application, there is provided the use of a silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool for cutting high temperature alloys and gray cast iron.
The present application has the following advantageous effects.
1. Compared with the conventional ceramic manufacturing process for preparing the silicon nitride ceramic cutter, the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with complicated shapes such as arc cutting edges, chip breakers, surface patterns and the like can be prepared by the conventional machining process through photocuring 3D printing and forming.
2. This application has improved the precision of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter of complicated shape through photocuring 3D printing shaping, and has reduced the machining allowance in later stage, has reduced process time, has improved efficiency, has reduced manufacturing cost.
3. The application dopes Al in silicon nitride powder2O3And Re2O3(Re ═ Y, La, Yb, Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Lu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm) or two or more kinds of composite sintering aids or MgO and Re2O3Two or more composite sintering aids can promote equiaxed alpha-Si in the silicon nitride ceramic cutter in high-temperature sintering3N4Elongated column-like beta-Si3N4And the compactness, hardness, fracture toughness and wear resistance of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter can be effectively improved, and the service life of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter in high-speed dry cutting is prolonged.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken along the plane a-a of fig. 1.
In the drawing 1, 1-turning tool body, 2-arc blade, 3-chip breaker groove and 4-assembling round hole.
Detailed Description
The application provides a silicon nitride ceramic cutter and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the technical problems that the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a high-precision chip breaker groove and a surface pattern structure for improving the cutting efficiency cannot be prepared in the prior art, and the silicon nitride ceramic cutter is high in preparation cost and short in service life.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely below, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Example 1:
step one, 45g of silicon nitride powder and 2.5g of Al as sintering aid2O3、1.25gY2O3And 1.25g La2O3Adding the mixture into ethanol, mixing, ball-milling for 2 hours at the ball-milling rotating speed of 350r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion. Drying the slurry by rotary evaporation, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain uniformly dispersed mixed powder;
in the present application, the sintering aid Al is2O3、Y2O3And La2O3The density, hardness and fracture toughness of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter are improved;
step two, mixing the mixed powder with 20g of resin 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PPTTA), 0.3g of phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide and 0.1g of dispersant BYK9077 in a homogenizer at a speed of 3000r/min to obtain uniformly dispersed silicon nitride ceramic slurry;
thirdly, placing the obtained slurry in a photocuring forming device, slicing the cutter part diagram by using a computer, and curing and superposing the slurry layer by layer to obtain a formed cutter blank;
it should be noted that, in the present application, the DLP additive manufacturing technology is used to prepare the ceramic cutting tool;
and fifthly, placing the formed cutter blank in an air atmosphere glue discharging furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 h.
And step six, sintering the degreased formed cutter blank, wherein the sintering method comprises the following steps: heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, heating to 1850 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min in the cooling stage, and cooling along with a furnace at the air pressure of 0.1Mpa to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape.
According to the embodiment of the application, the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with the high-precision circular arc blade, the chip breaker groove, the surface pattern and other complex shapes, which cannot be prepared by the conventional machining process, is prepared through photocuring 3D printing and forming, and the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with the high-precision circular arc blade, the chip breaker groove, the surface pattern and other complex shapes can effectively reduce the cutting resistance in the cutting process of the cutter, improve the cutting efficiency and prolong the service life of the cutter in the high-speed dry cutting process.
Example 2:
embodiment 2 of the present application provides a second method for preparing silicon nitride ceramics, which specifically includes the steps of:
step 1, mixing 45g of silicon nitride powder with 2.5g of MgO and 1.25g of 1.25gYb2O3And 1.25g Lu2O3Adding the mixture into ethanol, mixing, ball-milling for 2 hours at the ball-milling rotating speed of 350r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion. Drying the slurry by rotary evaporation, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain uniformly dispersed mixed powder;
in the present application, the sintering aids MgO and Yb2O3And Lu2O3The density, hardness and fracture toughness of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter are improved;
step 2, uniformly dispersing the mixed powder, 20g of resin 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PPTTA), 0.3g of phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide and 0.1g of dispersing agent BYK9077 in a homogenizer at a speed of 3000r/min to obtain uniformly dispersed silicon nitride ceramic slurry;
step 3, placing the obtained slurry in a photocuring molding device, slicing the cutter part diagram by using a computer, and performing layer-by-layer curing and stacking treatment on the slurry to obtain a molded cutter blank;
it should be noted that, in the present application, the DLP additive manufacturing technology is used to prepare the ceramic cutting tool;
and 4, placing the formed cutter blank in an air atmosphere glue discharging furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 hours.
And 5, sintering the degreased formed cutter blank, wherein the sintering method comprises the following steps: heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, heating to 1850 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min in a cooling stage, and cooling along with a furnace at the air pressure of 0.1Mpa to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape;
example 3:
example 3 of the present application provides a second method for preparing a silicon nitride ceramic.
45g of silicon nitride powder and 2.5g of Al as sintering aid2O3、1.25gY2O3And 1.25g La2O3Adding the mixture into ethanol, mixing, ball-milling for 2 hours at the ball-milling rotating speed of 350r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion. Drying the slurry by rotary evaporation, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain uniformly dispersed mixed powder.
And mixing the mixed powder with 20g of resin 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA), polyethylene glycol-300, ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (PPTTA), 0.3g of phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide and 0.1g of dispersant BYK9077 in a homogenizer at the speed of 3000r/min to obtain uniformly dispersed silicon nitride ceramic slurry.
And placing the obtained slurry in a photocuring molding device, slicing the cutter part diagram by using a computer, and curing and superposing the slurry layer by layer to obtain a molded cutter blank.
And (3) placing the formed cutter blank in an air atmosphere glue discharging furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 h.
Sintering the degreased formed cutter blank, wherein the sintering method comprises the following steps: heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, heating to 1850 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min in the cooling stage, and cooling along with a furnace at the air pressure of 0.1Mpa to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape.
Preparing TiCN and Al with thickness of 1-5 μm on the surface of silicon nitride ceramic cutter by CVD or PVD technique2O3And (4) composite coating.
Example 4:
example 4 of the present application provides a fourth method for preparing a silicon nitride ceramic.
45g of silicon nitride powder, 2.5g of MgO as a sintering aid and 1.25g of 1.25gYb as a sintering aid2O3And 1.25g Lu2O3Adding the mixture into ethanol, mixing, ball-milling for 2 hours at the ball-milling rotating speed of 350r/min, and performing ultrasonic dispersion. Drying the slurry by rotary evaporation, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain uniformly dispersed mixed powder.
The mixed powder was mixed with 20g of resin 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), 0.3g of phenyl bis (2,4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphine oxide and 0.1g of dispersant BYK9077 in a homogenizer at a speed of 3000r/min to obtain a uniformly dispersed silicon nitride ceramic slurry.
And placing the obtained slurry in a photocuring molding device, slicing the cutter part diagram by using a computer, and curing and superposing the slurry layer by layer to obtain a molded cutter blank.
And (3) placing the formed cutter blank in an air atmosphere glue discharging furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 0.5 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 3 h.
Sintering the degreased formed cutter blank, wherein the sintering method comprises the following steps: heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, heating to 1850 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, cooling to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min in the cooling stage, and cooling along with a furnace at the air pressure of 0.1Mpa to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape.
Preparing TiCN and Al with thickness of 1-5 μm on the surface of silicon nitride ceramic cutter by CVD or PVD technique2O3And (4) composite coating.
Example 5:
example 5 of the present application provides a fifth method for producing a silicon nitride ceramic.
The difference between this example and example 3 is that the sintering method is: heating to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, heating to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 1h, heating to 1850 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, preserving heat for 2h, cooling to 1200 ℃ at the cooling speed of 1 ℃/min, and cooling along with a furnace at the air pressure of 0.1Mpa to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape. And (2) sintering the cutter blank subjected to pressureless sintering in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, wherein the sintering atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, the air pressure is 150MPa, the temperature is raised to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 1800 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, the temperature is lowered to 1200 ℃ at the temperature reduction stage at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and then the cutter blank is cooled along with the furnace to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape.
Example 6:
the sixth embodiment of the present application provides a sixth method for preparing silicon nitride ceramics.
In contrast to example 4, the sintering method was: heating to 1200 deg.C at a rate of 2 deg.C/min, heating to 1600 deg.C at a rate of 1 deg.C/min, maintaining for 1h, heating to 1850 deg.C at 1 deg.C/min, maintaining for 2h, cooling to 1200 deg.C at a rate of 1 deg.C/min, and furnace cooling at a pressure of 0.1 MPa. And (2) sintering the cutter blank subjected to pressureless sintering in a hot isostatic pressing furnace, wherein the sintering atmosphere is nitrogen or argon, the air pressure is 150MPa, the temperature is raised to 1600 ℃ at the speed of 2 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 1800 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min, the temperature is kept for 1h, the temperature is lowered to 1200 ℃ at the temperature reduction stage at the speed of 1 ℃/min, and then the cutter blank is cooled along with the furnace to obtain the silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a complex shape.
The silicon nitride ceramic cutting tools prepared IN examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are used for high-speed cutting of gray cast iron or high-temperature alloys such as IN718 and mechanical property tests, and the results show that compared with examples 1 and 3, the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared IN example 3 has a longer service life when used for high-speed cutting of gray cast iron or high-temperature alloys than the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared IN example 1, which indicates that the preparation of a protective coating on the surface of the silicon nitride-based ceramic cutting tool is an effective means for improving the chemical stability of the silicon nitride-based ceramic cutting tool. In the transition metal nitride coating, the TiN coating has the characteristics of high hardness, good wear resistance and the like and can play a good role in protecting a cutter, but the TiN coating is oxidized at the temperature of over 600 ℃ so that the application of the TiN coating is limited, and the TiAlN coating can form compact Al at high temperature2O3The film has good binding force with a cutter matrix, the oxidation resistance temperature of the film can reach 800 ℃, but the high-speed cutting condition of over 1000 ℃ cannot be met; in the embodiment 3 of the application, TiCN and Al are prepared on the surface of the silicon nitride ceramic cutter2O3The coating layer, TiCN as the adhesive buffer layer can provide good film-substrate binding force and silicon nitride surface binding, Al2O3Isolating silicon nitride-based ceramic cutting tools from oxygen and active elements in the workpiece during high speed cutting, TiCN and Al2O3The formed composite coating has high hardness, high wear resistance and oxidation resistance, and can still play a role in protecting the silicon nitride ceramic cutter under the cutting condition of 1000 ℃, so that the service life of the cutter can be effectively prolonged. Compared with the embodiments 3 and 5, the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared in the embodiment 5 has the best compactness and mechanical properties and the longest service life, which shows that the hot isostatic pressing sintering method can effectively eliminate the residual gap of the tool body, improve the compactness and is beneficial to improving the strength and the thermal shock resistance of the cutting tool. Compared with examples 2 and 4, the service life of the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared in example 4 is longer than that of the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared in example 2. This is due to the high temperature of the tool during high speed dry cutting, TiCN and Al being produced on silicon nitride ceramic tools2O3Coating with TiCN and Al2O3The coating has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, high oxidation resistance and the like, plays a role in protecting the silicon nitride ceramic cutter, and further can effectively prolong the service life of the cutter. Compared with the embodiment 4 and the embodiment 6, the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool prepared in the embodiment 6 has the best compactness and mechanical property and the longest service life, because the hot isostatic pressing sintering method can effectively eliminate the residual gap of the tool body, improve the compactness and is beneficial to improving the strength and the thermal shock resistance of the cutting tool.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present application, several improvements and finishes can be made, such as hard coating of TiN/TiC/TiAlN/TiAlCrN/TiCN on the surface of silicon nitride cutting tool, other methods for sintering ceramic, and these improvements and finishes should also be considered as the protection scope of the present application.

Claims (10)

1. A preparation method of a silicon nitride ceramic cutter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, mixing silicon nitride powder and sintering aid, ball-milling, drying and sieving to obtain mixed powder;
mixing the mixed powder, the light-cured resin, the photoinitiator and the dispersant by using a homogenizer to obtain light-cured silicon nitride ceramic slurry;
inputting the 3D model of the cutter into a computer, slicing the model by using software, and carrying out photocuring molding on the photocuring silicon nitride ceramic slurry to obtain a molded cutter blank;
degreasing and sintering the formed cutter blank to obtain a silicon nitride ceramic cutter with a chip breaker groove and a surface pattern structure;
the sintering aid is MxOyAnd Re2O3；
The M isxOySelected from Al2O3Or MgO;
the Re2O3Wherein Re is selected from one or more of Y, La, Yb, Sc, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Lu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er and Tm.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed powder comprises silicon nitride powder and MxOyAnd Re2O3The mass ratio of (85-96): (1-5): (3-10).
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a fifth step of preparing a coating layer on the surface of the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool by a physical vapor deposition process or a chemical vapor deposition process;
the coating comprises Al2O3、TiCN、TiC、TiN、TiAlN、TiB2And a TiAlCrN coating.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degreasing is carried out by placing the formed cutter blank in an air atmosphere de-gumming furnace, raising the temperature to 400-500 ℃ at a rate of 0.2-5 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 1-3h for degreasing.
5. The preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering is specifically that the formed cutter blank is placed in an atmosphere sintering furnace, and under the condition that the air pressure is 0.1-0.2MPa, the temperature is raised to 1600-1950 ℃ at the rate of 1-10 ℃/min, and the temperature is kept for 1-5h for sintering;
the atmosphere sintering furnace is a nitrogen or argon sintering furnace.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering is carried out by placing the formed cutter blank in a gas pressure sintering furnace, introducing nitrogen or argon gas into the gas pressure sintering furnace, increasing the pressure to 1600-1950 ℃ at a rate of 1-10 ℃/min, and maintaining the temperature for 1-5 h.
7. The preparation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering is specifically that the formed cutter blank is placed in an atmosphere sintering furnace, the temperature is raised to 1600-.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the sintering is microwave sintering or spark plasma sintering.
9. A silicon nitride ceramic cutting tool, characterized in that it is produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Silicon nitride ceramic cutting tools produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 8 and the use of the silicon nitride ceramic cutting tools according to claim 9 for cutting high temperature alloys and gray cast iron.
CN202011625532.6A 2020-12-30 2020-12-30 Silicon nitride ceramic cutter and preparation method and application thereof Pending CN112745127A (en)

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