CN112743021A - Blank making method for forging compressor rotor blade - Google Patents
Blank making method for forging compressor rotor blade Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112743021A CN112743021A CN202011557925.8A CN202011557925A CN112743021A CN 112743021 A CN112743021 A CN 112743021A CN 202011557925 A CN202011557925 A CN 202011557925A CN 112743021 A CN112743021 A CN 112743021A
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- extrusion
- forging
- blanking
- size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
- B21C25/02—Dies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/04—Shaping in the rough solely by forging or pressing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K3/00—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like
- B21K3/04—Making engine or like machine parts not covered by sub-groups of B21K1/00; Making propellers or the like blades, e.g. for turbines; Upsetting of blade roots
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging and forming of compressor rotor blade forgings, and relates to a blank making method for forging compressor rotor blades, which comprises the following steps: firstly, determining a rough shape; and then determining the blanking specification according to the shape size: finally, preparing an extrusion die according to the rough shape and the blanking specification; finally, extrusion molding is carried out by using an extrusion die; the improved process route by the method comprises the following steps: blanking → heating extrusion → heating preforging → heating finish forging; the forging production cost is saved; particularly, a high-quality pierced billet is provided for the alloy blade forging with strict requirements on deformation, the head and the rod of the pierced billet are simultaneously heated and deformed, and local tissue unevenness caused by blank burning and a deformation-free area formed by traditional extrusion and heading blank making is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging and forming of compressor rotor blade forgings, and relates to a blank making method for forging compressor rotor blades, in particular to an iron-based and nickel-based deformed high-temperature alloy blade forging sensitive to deformation.
Background
The forging piece of the rotor blade of the gas compressor of the aircraft engine and the gas turbine has the characteristic of large batch, so that higher requirements are provided for the size consistency and the structural stability of blanks involved in the production of the forging piece. The traditional production process route of the rotor blade is as follows: blanking → heating and extruding → heating and upsetting → heating and pre-forging → heating and finish forging.
In order to save the production cost and improve the internal structure of the rough shape, two processes of heating extrusion and heating heading are combined into a whole, but because the traditional extrusion and heading blank making are adopted, the diameter size of the head of an extrusion piece is 2-3 mm larger than the diameter of the used raw material during extrusion forming, and basically no deformation exists; when the upsetting process is carried out after extrusion, the rod part of the extrusion part does not participate in deformation, which is equivalent to heating and air-firing for one heating time, and in order to avoid forming an air-firing and deformation-free area to cause local uneven tissue, a new blank making mold needs to be designed for producing the rough shape required by rotor blade forging.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: the blank making method for forging the compressor rotor blade is provided, so that the blank making die can be used for producing a rough shape required by forging the rotor blade.
In order to solve the technical problem, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of blank-making for forging a compressor rotor blade, the method comprising the steps of:
step one, determining a rough shape:
determining the shape and size of a rough shape, and calculating the rod part size phi, the head part size phi 1 and the head part outline size □ of the corresponding part of the rough shape by multiplying the forging drawing shape and the cross sections of the blade body and the blade root by a flash coefficient; determining the shape length of the pierced billet according to the length of the finish forging; selecting a transition fillet by means of simulation software according to empirical values, so that the forming of a forged piece is ensured, and materials are saved;
step two, determining the blanking specification:
determining the diameter specification phi of the raw material to be □ - (1-4) mm according to the outline size □ of the rough-shaped head, converting the equal volume of the blanking length according to the volume V of the rough shape to obtain the blanking length iota, wherein the obtained blanking specification is as follows: phi x iota;
calculating whether the extrusion ratio psi meets the requirement according to the blanking specification, and adjusting the diameter phi of the raw material if the extrusion ratio psi does not meet the requirement;
step three, preparing an extrusion die:
the extrusion die consists of an extrusion female die and a punch;
the size of a cavity of the extrusion female die is the same as that of a rough shape, the thermal expansion coefficient of a blank is negligible, the depth of the cavity is iota + (5-10) mm, and the size D of an extrusion belt is (2-6) mm;
the contour dimension of the working part of the punch is identical to the contour dimension □ of the head of the pierced billet, and the length is identical to the depth dimension of the cavity of the extrusion female die; the working part of the punch head is in clearance fit with the cavity of the extrusion female die;
step four: blank preparation:
chamfering one end of an alloy bar, spraying a high-temperature glass lubricating protective agent matched with the material property, heating to the initial forging temperature required by the material, putting the chamfered end of the alloy bar into an extrusion female die, carrying out extrusion forming, and forging to the size and specification of the pierced blank.
The coefficient of flash is 1.05-1.15, so that the forging can be ensured to be full of the cavity, and waste of flash metal is reduced.
And step one, setting the shape-losing length as the length of the forged piece plus 5-10 mm.
The second extrusion ratio Ψ is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the bar before extrusion, denoted by Ft, to the cross-sectional area of the post-extrusion, denoted by Σ Ft, at the time of extrusion, where Ψ is Ft/(Σft).
The extrusion ratio psi is 3-12, so that not only can enough deformation be ensured to improve the internal structure of the metal, but also the phenomenon that the extrusion ratio is too large and reverse burrs occur can be avoided, and the abrasion speed and the deformation resistance of the die are increased. In addition, in order to meet the blanking specification calculated in the second step with the extrusion ratio psi, a maximum extrusion ratio range capable of ensuring the requirement is selected.
And step three, the clearance of the single surface in clearance fit is 0.05-0.15 mm.
The formula for calculating the blanking length iota in the second step is as follows:
preferably, the chamfer angle in step four is 2mm x 45 °.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. through the rough shape size of design, the isometric conversion obtains the unloading specification, and furthest's improvement material utilization rate guarantees the stability of rough type size.
2. Through the improvement of the process route, the forging production cost is saved, the head part and the rod part of the pierced billet are simultaneously heated and deformed, and the local tissue unevenness caused by the blank burning and the deformation-free area formed by the traditional extrusion and heading blank making is avoided.
3. By controlling the extrusion ratio, the metal can be ensured to have good forming conditions and proper deformation degree, flow lines distributed along the shape of the blade and uniform and fine crystal grains are obtained, and the strength of the part is increased. Meanwhile, as the metal flows along the shape of the die, the end-to-grain leakage is minimized, and the stress corrosion and cracks which may be caused are reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiment of the present invention will be briefly explained. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a forging wherein FIG. 1(a) is a view from above, FIG. 1(b) is a view from below, and FIG. 1(c) is a view from above;
fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram, in which fig. 2(a) is a view of looking and fig. 2(b) is a right side view;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an extrusion punch;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a female die.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Features of various aspects of embodiments of the invention will be described in detail below. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. The following description of the embodiments is merely intended to better understand the present invention by illustrating examples thereof. The present invention is not limited to any particular arrangement or method provided below, but rather covers all product structures, any modifications, alterations, etc. of the method covered without departing from the spirit of the invention.
In the drawings and the following description, well-known structures and techniques are not shown to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
GH2132 alloy is adopted for a certain type of rotor blade, and the forging piece is required to be formed by a precision forging process. The extrusion method of the invention provides a rough shape for die forging.
Step 1: preparing a pre-forging die and a finish forging die according to the design requirements of a customer part drawing and profile data;
step 2: determining a forging digital model according to the prepared finish forging die;
and step 3: determining the shape and size of a rough shape, intercepting the cross section areas of a blade body and a blade root according to the shape (shown in figure 1) and a digital model of a forging drawing, multiplying the cross section areas by a flash coefficient of 1.1, calculating the sizes phi, phi 1 and □ (shown in figure 2) of the corresponding part of the rough shape, and selecting the length size according to a finish forging die cavity;
and 4, step 4: determining a blanking specification;
and 5: manufacturing an extrusion die, and manufacturing the extrusion die according to the determined rough shape and size;
step 6: forging process
a. Cutting the raw material to a blanking specification, chamfering an end face by 2 multiplied by 45 degrees, shot blasting steel sand, corroding and spraying a high-temperature glass lubricating protective agent.
b. Heating the blank to 1000-1100 ℃, and extruding the blank to a rough shape size by 1 fire;
c. polishing and surface treating the rough shape, spraying a high-temperature glass lubricating protective agent, and transferring to the next die forging process;
d. heating the pierced billet to 1000-1100 deg.C, and die-forging to the required size of drawing.
The rotor blade of a certain machine type prepared by the forging method is rough, and is subjected to die forging production and heat treatment. Physical and chemical detection and dissection prove that the transverse section of the forging is uniform in macrostructure, and meets the requirements of related standards of GH2132 alloy blade forgings on the structure.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A blank making method for forging compressor rotor blades is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, determining a rough shape:
determining the shape and size of a rough shape, and calculating the rod part size phi, the head part size phi 1 and the head part outline size □ of the corresponding part of the rough shape by multiplying the forging drawing shape and the cross sections of the blade body and the blade root by a flash coefficient; determining the shape length of the pierced billet according to the length of the finish forging; selecting a transition fillet according to an empirical value by means of simulation software;
step two, determining the blanking specification:
determining the diameter specification phi of the raw material to be □ - (1-4) mm according to the outline size □ of the rough-shaped head, converting the equal volume of the blanking length according to the volume V of the rough shape to obtain the blanking length iota, wherein the obtained blanking specification is as follows: phi x iota;
calculating whether the extrusion ratio psi meets the requirement according to the blanking specification, and adjusting the diameter phi of the raw material if the extrusion ratio psi does not meet the requirement;
step three, preparing an extrusion die:
the extrusion die consists of an extrusion female die and a punch;
the size of a cavity of the extrusion female die is the same as that of a rough shape, the depth of the cavity is iota + (5-10) mm of blanking length, and the size D of an extrusion belt is (2-6) mm;
the contour dimension of the working part of the punch is identical to the contour dimension □ of the head of the pierced billet, and the length is identical to the depth dimension of the cavity of the extrusion female die; the working part of the punch head is in clearance fit with the cavity of the extrusion female die;
step four: blank preparation:
chamfering one end of an alloy bar, spraying a high-temperature glass lubricating protective agent matched with the material property, heating to the initial forging temperature required by the material, putting the chamfered end of the alloy bar into an extrusion female die, carrying out extrusion forming, and forging to the size and specification of the pierced blank.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the coefficient of the flash is 1.05-1.15.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: and step one, setting the shape-losing length as the length of the forged piece plus 5-10 mm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the second extrusion ratio Ψ is the ratio of the total cross-sectional area of the bar before extrusion, denoted by Ft, to the cross-sectional area of the post-extrusion, denoted by Σ Ft, at the time of extrusion, where Ψ is Ft/(Σft).
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the extrusion ratio psi is 3-12.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: and step three, the clearance of the single surface in clearance fit is 0.05-0.15 mm.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the formula for calculating the blanking length iota in the second step is as follows:
8. the method of claim 1, wherein: the chamfer angle in the fourth step is 2mm x 45 degrees.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011557925.8A CN112743021B (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Blank making method for forging compressor rotor blade |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011557925.8A CN112743021B (en) | 2020-12-24 | 2020-12-24 | Blank making method for forging compressor rotor blade |
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| CN112743021A true CN112743021A (en) | 2021-05-04 |
| CN112743021B CN112743021B (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114367795A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-19 | 湖南中航紧固系统有限公司 | Machining method of automobile gear shifting hydraulic piston rod |
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| JPH0280149A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1990-03-20 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Forming of forging preform of turbine blade and molding die |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114367795A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-19 | 湖南中航紧固系统有限公司 | Machining method of automobile gear shifting hydraulic piston rod |
| CN114367795B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-05-19 | 湖南中航紧固系统有限公司 | Machining method of automobile gear shifting hydraulic piston rod |
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| CN112743021B (en) | 2023-01-13 |
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