CN112742844A - Aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilization solidified body and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilization solidified body and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112742844A CN112742844A CN202011461152.3A CN202011461152A CN112742844A CN 112742844 A CN112742844 A CN 112742844A CN 202011461152 A CN202011461152 A CN 202011461152A CN 112742844 A CN112742844 A CN 112742844A
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 93
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001506 inorganic fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylsulfonylbenzoic acid Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BZSXEZOLBIJVQK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Ca+2].Cl[O-].Cl[O-] ZKQDCIXGCQPQNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011507 gypsum plaster Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 8
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 8
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 5
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 206010016818 Fluorosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010023232 Joint swelling Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010025421 Macule Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010033799 Paralysis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010043173 Teeth brittle Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000004042 dental fluorosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002075 main ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002503 metabolic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of hazardous waste, in particular to a waste residue stabilizing solidified body for overhaul of an aluminum electrolytic cell and a preparation method thereof. Harmful components such as fluorine, cyanogen, heavy metals and the like in overhaul residues in the electrolytic aluminum industry far exceed the limit value of the safe landfill standard, great pollution hidden danger is caused to the environment, and the conventional solidification and stabilization method is difficult to ensure that the harmful indexes of the overhaul residues reach the standard at the same time. The invention can effectively solidify and stabilize the overhaul slag through multi-stage crushing, microwave treatment, addition of compound medicament and molding reaction to form a safe and stable solidified body. Through detection, the contents of organic matters and water-soluble salts in the solidified body, and the concentrations of inorganic fluorides, cyanides and heavy metals in the leachate are all less than the allowable landfill control limit value of the hazardous wastes in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard. The invention has simple working procedure, small quantity of equipment, wide sources of medicines which are conventional agents, is especially suitable for the desulfurized gypsum and low cost, and achieves the effect of treating wastes with processes of wastes against one another.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of hazardous waste, in particular to a waste residue stabilizing solidified body for overhaul of an aluminum electrolytic cell and a preparation method thereof.
Background
For the treatment of toxic and harmful hazardous wastes, landfill is a simpler and more convenient direct treatment method. The pollution to underground water, surface water, soil and air can be effectively reduced by adopting safe landfill. At present, hazardous waste landfill sites are constructed in most cities and areas in a matching way. According to requirements, the landfill site must be treated with anti-seepage treatment to prevent toxic and harmful substances in the hazardous waste from permeating into the ground to pollute soil and water. However, because the landfill has limited seepage-proofing and sealing capabilities, the leakage and diffusion of solid hazardous and waste toxic components exist, so that the liquid of harmful substances such as heavy metals enters ecological cycle, and serious threats are caused to the environment and human bodies. Therefore, water, cement, lime, fly ash and other ingredients are added to solidify and stabilize heavy metals and other harmful components, and then landfill is carried out, so that the leakage and diffusion of solid hazardous waste toxic components in a landfill site can be effectively avoided.
The aluminum electrolytic cell usually needs to be overhauled once within 5 to 6 years after being used, and the waste lining in the cell needs to be removed in the process of overhauling, namely the overhauling slag of the electrolytic cell. Since cyanide and fluoride are contained in the waste, they are classified as dangerous waste by the country. Wherein fluorine is accumulated toxicant, plant leaves and pasture can absorb fluorine, and cattle, sheep and other livestock eat the polluted food, which can cause joint swelling, hoof nail lengthening, bone loosening and paralysis lying. The excessive fluorine intake of people can interfere the activity of various enzymes in vivo, destroy the metabolic balance of calcium and phosphorus, and cause fluorosis with the symptoms of brittle teeth, macula, deformed bones, joints and the like. In addition, the fluorine-containing waste also contains toxic pollution components such as heavy metal, cyanide and the like. At present, the solidification and stabilization method for the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell mainly comprises the steps of adding water, cement, lime and fly ash, stirring to form a solidified body, and then burying. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to develop an effective stabilizing and solidifying method for aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a solidified body for stabilizing waste residues in the overhaul of an aluminum electrolysis cell, wherein the content of harmful components such as fluoride, cyanide, heavy metal, organic matter and the like in the solidified body is within the range of national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard, and flexible landfill can be carried out.
The invention also aims to provide the preparation method of the stabilizing solidified body of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, which is used for carrying out solidification and stabilization on the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell by using a novel formula and process operation conditions, so that the organic matter content and the leaching toxicity of harmful components such as fluoride, cyanide, heavy metal and the like in hazardous waste are greatly reduced, and the requirement of safe landfill is met. The invention has simple process, low cost, small equipment quantity and easy realization.
Therefore, the invention provides a stabilizing solidified body of aluminum cell overhaul waste residue, which is obtained by reacting a raw material of aluminum cell overhaul waste residue with a compound agent, water and a forming agent.
According to the invention, the raw material of the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue is the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue of which the content of at least one of fluoride, cyanide and heavy metal in the leachate is greater than or equal to the allowable landfill control limit value of hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
According to the invention, the concentrations of inorganic fluoride, cyanide and heavy metal in the leachate of the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body are respectively and independently smaller than the allowable landfill control limit value of hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard, and the total amount of water-soluble salt and the content of organic matters in the leachate of the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body are respectively and independently smaller than the allowable landfill control limit value of hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing a stabilized solidified body of overhaul waste residue of an aluminum electrolysis cell, which comprises the following steps:
and step A, performing multistage crushing on the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue raw material to reach a certain granularity, and obtaining the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material.
And step B, performing microwave treatment on the crushed waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
And step C, mixing the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell with a compound medicament and water, and stirring to obtain the stabilization and solidification precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
And D, adding a forming agent into the stabilizing and curing precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and stirring for reaction to obtain the stabilizing and curing body of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
And E, detecting the content of organic matters and water-soluble salts in the stabilized solidified bodies of the overhaul waste residues of the aluminum electrolytic cell, detecting the concentrations of inorganic fluorides, cyanides and heavy metals in the leachate, and when the content of the organic matters and the water-soluble salts and the content of the fluorides, cyanides and heavy metals in the leachate are less than the allowable landfill control limit value of the hazardous wastes in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
And D, determining the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue solidified body obtained in the step D as an aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body.
The preparation method is also characterized in that:
in the step A, the crushed granularity is 0.1-50 mm;
in the step B, the power of the microwave is 0.1-36 kw;
in the step C, the mass ratio of the compound agent to the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material is (0.05-2): 1, preferably, the compound agent is one or more of gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, aluminum chloride, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorate, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite; the mass ratio of the water to the broken waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is (0.05-1): 1; further preferably, the stirring speed is 60-200r/min, and the stirring time is 10-60 min.
In the step D, the mass ratio of the forming agent to the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material is (0.01-0.5): 1, preferably, the forming agent is one or more of plaster of paris and cement; further preferably, the stirring speed is 50-100r/min, and the stirring time is 5-60 min.
The formulation of the medicament and the process conditions of the invention can produce the following beneficial effects:
1. effectively stabilize and solidify the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and form a solidified body with stronger adhesive force through the hardening effect of ingredients, thereby being easy for landfill disposal in the later period.
2. The medicament formula can simultaneously reduce fluorinion and other harmful components in the medicament, and avoid the trade-off of harmful indexes in the treatment process.
3. The microwave treatment in the reaction process can effectively remove organic matters and activate internal components.
4. The invention has simple working procedure, small quantity of equipment, wide source of main ingredient gypsum, low cost and the effect of treating waste by waste, and the dosage is conventional medicament, and is especially suitable for desulfurized gypsum.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, reference will now be made in detail to the following examples. However, before the invention is described in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments described. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can also be used in the practice or testing of the present invention, the preferred methods and materials are now described.
Term of
The term "leaching toxicity detection" used in the present invention refers to the detection of the concentration and pH of inorganic fluorides, cyanides, and heavy metals in the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residues or leachate of the stabilized solidified body of the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residues.
The term "water" as used herein means tap water, deionized water or distilled water, preferably tap water, unless otherwise specified or indicated.
II, embodiments
(1) And (3) detection of hazardous wastes to be treated: taking a proper amount of aluminum cell overhaul waste residue raw material, detecting the concentration of inorganic fluoride, the concentration of cyanide and the concentration of heavy metal in the leachate, and when the content of at least one of fluoride, cyanide and heavy metal in the leachate is more than or equal to the allowable landfill control limit value of hazardous waste in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard, determining that the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue is the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue raw material needing solidification and stabilization.
(2) Preparing a waste residue stabilizing solidified body for overhaul of an aluminum electrolytic cell:
and step A, performing multistage crushing on the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue raw material to reach a certain granularity, and obtaining the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material.
And step B, performing microwave treatment on the crushed waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
Step C, mixing and stirring the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell with a compound medicament and water to obtain a stabilized and solidified precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell;
and D, adding a forming agent into the stabilizing and curing precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and stirring for reaction to obtain the stabilizing and curing body of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell.
And E, detecting the content of organic matters and water-soluble salts in the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body, detecting the concentration of inorganic fluorides, cyanides and heavy metals in the leachate, and determining the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue solidified body obtained in the step D as the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body when the content of the organic matters and the water-soluble salts and the content of the fluorides, the cyanides and the heavy metals in the leachate are less than the allowable landfill control limit value of hazardous wastes in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
In the step A, the crushed granularity is 0.1-50 mm;
in the step B, the power of the microwave is 0.1-36 kw;
in the step C, the mass ratio of the compound agent to the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material is (0.05-2): 1, preferably, the compound agent is one or more of gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, aluminum chloride, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorate, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite; the mass ratio of the water to the broken waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is (0.05-1): 1; further preferably, the stirring speed is 60-200r/min, and the stirring time is 10-60 min.
In the step D, the mass ratio of the forming agent to the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material is (0.01-0.5): 1, preferably, the forming agent is one or more of plaster of paris and cement; further preferably, the stirring speed is 50-100r/min, and the stirring time is 5-60 min.
III, detection method
The detection methods in the invention are all carried out according to the regulations in national standard GB 18598-2019 (hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard) of the people's republic of China.
Examples
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to specific examples. The experimental methods described below are, unless otherwise specified, all routine laboratory procedures. The experimental materials described below, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available.
Example 1:
(1) and (3) detection of hazardous wastes to be treated: taking a proper amount of aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residues to be treated, and carrying out leaching toxicity detection, wherein the result is that the index of inorganic fluoride is 3226mg/L, the index of beryllium is 0.6mg/L, the index of cyanide is 61mg/L, and the content of organic matters is 7%, and in the national safety landfill pollution control standard, the index of inorganic fluoride is controlled to be below 120mg/L, the index of beryllium is controlled to be below 0.2mg/L, and the index of cyanide is controlled to be below 6 mg/L. Obviously, the initial leaching toxicity of the hazardous waste far exceeds the national safe landfill pollution control standard, and needs to be cured and stabilized.
(2) Preparing a waste residue stabilizing solidified body for overhaul of an aluminum electrolytic cell:
and step A, performing multistage crushing on the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue raw material to reach the granularity of 10mm, and obtaining the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue crushed material.
And step B, performing microwave treatment on the crushed waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the power of the microwave is 8 kw.
Step C, mixing and stirring the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell with a compound medicament and water to obtain a stabilized and solidified precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell; the mass ratio of the compound agent to the broken waste residue in the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 0.3: 1, the compound agent consists of gypsum and hydrogen peroxide; the mass ratio of the water to the broken waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 0.2: 1; the stirring speed is 60r/min, and the stirring time is 15 min.
Step D, adding forming agent plaster of paris into the stabilizing and curing precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the mass ratio of the plaster of paris to the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 0.05: stirring for 5min at the stirring speed of 50r/min to obtain the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body.
And E, detecting leaching toxicity of the cured and stabilized sample treated in the step, wherein the indexes of harmful components are greatly reduced, wherein the index of inorganic fluoride is 22mg/L, the index of beryllium is 0.01mg/L, the index of cyanide is 0.4mg/L, the content of organic matters is 0.5%, and the cured and stabilized sample is completely in the range required by the national safe landfill pollution control standard.
Comparative example 1:
the conventional solidification and stabilization treatment is carried out on the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue raw material by adopting a conventional method:
(1) 100 kg of aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue is added into a stirring reaction kettle, 14 kg of quicklime and 35L of tap water are added, and stirring is carried out for 5min at the stirring speed of 150 r/min.
(2) 10kg of cement and 5kg of fly ash are added into the mixture, and the mixture is stirred for 10min at the stirring speed of 150 r/min.
(3) Through leaching toxicity detection, the index of inorganic fluoride is 1720mg/L, the index of beryllium is 0.3mg/L, the index of cyanide is 30mg/L, and the content of organic matters is 6.5 percent, which still far exceeds the range of the national safety landfill pollution control standard requirement.
Example 2
(1) And (3) detection of hazardous wastes to be treated: taking a proper amount of aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residues to be treated, and carrying out leaching toxicity detection, wherein the result is that the index of inorganic fluoride is 8052mg/L, the index of beryllium is 0.8mg/L, the index of cyanide is 52mg/L, and the content of organic matters is 10%, and in the national safety landfill pollution control standard, the index of inorganic fluoride is controlled to be below 120mg/L, the index of beryllium is controlled to be below 0.2mg/L, and the index of cyanide is controlled to be below 6 mg/L. Obviously, the initial leaching toxicity of the hazardous waste far exceeds the national safe landfill pollution control standard, and needs to be cured and stabilized.
(2) Preparing a waste residue stabilizing solidified body for overhaul of an aluminum electrolytic cell:
and step A, performing multistage crushing on the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue raw material to reach the granularity of 5mm, and obtaining the aluminum cell overhaul waste residue crushed material.
And step B, performing microwave treatment on the crushed waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the power of the microwave is 6 kw.
Step C, mixing and stirring the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell with a compound medicament and water to obtain a stabilized and solidified precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell; the mass ratio of the compound agent to the broken waste residue in the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 0.5: 1, the compound agent consists of gypsum and sodium hypochlorite; the mass ratio of the water to the broken waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 0.35: 1; the stirring speed is 70r/min, and the stirring time is 20 min.
Step D, adding forming agent plaster of paris into the stabilizing and curing precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, wherein the mass ratio of the plaster of paris to the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell is 0.08: 1, stirring for 10min at the stirring speed of 60r/min to obtain the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body.
And E, detecting leaching toxicity of the cured and stabilized sample treated in the step, and greatly reducing harmful component indexes, wherein the index of the inorganic fluoride is 26mg/L, the index of beryllium is 0.01mg/L, the index of cyanide is 2mg/L, and the content of organic matters is 1%, so that the cured and stabilized sample is completely in the range required by the national safe landfill pollution control standard.
Comparative example 2:
the conventional solidification and stabilization treatment is carried out on the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue raw material by adopting a conventional method:
(1) 100 kg of aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue is added into a stirring reaction kettle, 35 kg of quicklime and 20L of tap water are added, and stirring is carried out for 20min at the stirring speed of 180 r/min.
(2) 10kg of cement and 5kg of fly ash are added into the mixture, and the mixture is stirred for 30min at the stirring speed of 150 r/min.
(3) The cured and stabilized sample treated by the steps is detected by leaching toxicity, the index of inorganic fluoride is 1859mg/L, the index of beryllium is 2mg/L, and the index of cyanide is 40mg/L, which still far exceeds the range required by national safety landfill pollution control standard.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. The invention can be modified, as prescribed, within the scope of the claims and without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (8)
1. A stabilized solidified body of the overhaul waste residue of aluminium electrolyzer is prepared from the overhaul waste residue of aluminium electrolyzer through breaking, mixing it with compound agent, water and shaping agent, and reaction.
2. The aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue stabilized and solidified body according to claim 1, wherein the concentrations of inorganic fluoride, cyanide and heavy metal in the leachate of the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue stabilized and solidified body are respectively and independently smaller than the hazardous waste landfill allowable control limit value in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard, and the total amount of water-soluble salt and the organic content of the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue stabilized and solidified body are respectively and independently smaller than the hazardous waste landfill allowable control limit value in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
3. A method for preparing a stabilized solidified body of overhaul waste residue of an aluminum electrolysis cell as claimed in claim 1 or 2, which comprises: step A, multistage crushing is carried out on the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue raw material to reach a certain granularity, and an aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material is obtained; step B, performing microwave treatment on the crushed waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell; step C, mixing and stirring the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell with a compound medicament and water to obtain a stabilized and solidified precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell; d, adding a forming agent into the stabilizing and curing precursor of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and stirring for reaction to obtain an overhaul waste residue stabilizing and curing body of the aluminum electrolytic cell; and E, detecting the content of organic matters and water-soluble salts in the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body, detecting the concentration of inorganic fluorides, cyanides and heavy metals in the leachate, and determining the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue solidified body obtained in the step D as the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue stabilized solidified body when the content of the organic matters and the water-soluble salts and the content of the fluorides, the cyanides and the heavy metals in the leachate are less than the allowable landfill control limit value of hazardous wastes in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the concentration of at least one of the contents of fluoride, cyanide and heavy metal in the leachate of the aluminum electrolysis cell overhaul waste residue raw material is greater than or equal to the hazardous waste of the hazardous waste allowable landfill control limit in the national hazardous waste landfill pollution control standard.
5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the crushed particles in step A have a size of 0.1 to 50 mm.
6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the microwave has a power of 0.1 to 36kw in the step B.
7. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step C, the mass ratio of the compound agent to the broken materials of the overhaul waste residue of the aluminum electrolytic cell is (0.05-2): 1, preferably, the compound agent is one or more of gypsum, desulfurized gypsum, aluminum chloride, hydrogen peroxide, sodium chlorate, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hypochlorite; in the step C, the mass ratio of the water to the broken waste residues of the overhaul of the aluminum electrolytic cell is (0.05-1): 1; further preferably, the stirring speed is 60-200r/min, and the stirring time is 10-60 min.
8. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein in the step D, the mass ratio of the forming agent to the aluminum electrolytic cell overhaul waste residue crushed material is (0.01-0.5): 1, preferably, the forming agent is one or more of plaster of paris and cement; further preferably, the stirring speed is 50-100r/min, and the stirring time is 5-60 min.
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| CN115846377A (en) * | 2022-11-03 | 2023-03-28 | 新疆金派环保科技有限公司 | Harmless electrolytic aluminum overhaul slag, application thereof and harmless method for electrolytic aluminum overhaul slag |
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