CN112736635B - Anti-detuning long-pulse wide-angle conical cavity solid laser - Google Patents
Anti-detuning long-pulse wide-angle conical cavity solid laser Download PDFInfo
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- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
- H01S3/08—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof
- H01S3/081—Construction or shape of optical resonators or components thereof comprising three or more reflectors
- H01S3/083—Ring lasers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
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- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1123—Q-switching
- H01S3/117—Q-switching using intracavity acousto-optic devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
- H01S3/16—Solid materials
- H01S3/163—Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix
- H01S3/1645—Solid materials characterised by a crystal matrix halide
- H01S3/1653—YLiF4(YLF, LYF)
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Abstract
The invention relates to an anti-detuning long-pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid laser, which is characterized in that four angle cone prisms are adopted to form an annular resonant cavity, the depolarization characteristic of the angle cone prisms is utilized, and a polaroid and a quarter wave plate are used in a matching manner, so that an oscillating light beam in the cavity is repeatedly reflected among the four angle cone prisms, the cavity length of the resonant cavity can be obviously increased under the same laser volume, and the anti-detuning characteristic of the laser resonant cavity is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solid laser, relates to a pyramid cavity solid laser, and particularly relates to an anti-detuning long-pulse wide-pyramid cavity solid laser.
Background
Certain single-mode, pulse-operated solid-state lasers, in many applications, need to be applied to long-pulse-width pulsed lasers, such as doppler wind lidar, requiring the emitted laser source to have long-pulse-width characteristics. A common method for increasing the laser pulse width is to increase the cavity length of the laser resonant cavity greatly, such as the commonly used four-mirror annular cavity, six-mirror annular cavity, eight-mirror annular cavity, and other structures. Various attempts have been made to improve this problem, wherein great emphasis is placed on the stability of the resonant cavity by the cavity-type design. However, the problem of cavity mirror detuning is not solved, so how to form a laser with detuning resistance becomes an important issue in the world.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a long-pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid laser with detuning resistance by utilizing the auto-collimation characteristic of a pyramid prism.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the detuning-resistant long-pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid laser comprises a first polaroid, a Ho, a YLF crystal, a second polaroid, a third polaroid, a first angle cone prism, an acousto-optic Q switch, a fourth polaroid, a first plano-convex lens, a second angle cone prism, a fifth polaroid, a third angle cone prism, a quarter wave plate, a sixth polaroid, a second plano-convex lens and a fourth angle cone prism;
the incident surfaces of the first pyramid prism and the third pyramid prism are relatively and rotationally symmetrically arranged, the incident surfaces of the second pyramid prism and the fourth pyramid prism are relatively and rotationally symmetrically arranged, and the four pyramid prisms form an annular resonant cavity; the first polaroid, the Ho, the YLF crystal, the second polaroid, the third polaroid, the acousto-optic Q switch, the fourth polaroid, the first plano-convex lens, the fifth polaroid, the quarter wave plate, the sixth polaroid and the second plano-convex lens are all positioned in the annular resonant cavity;
the pump light with the central wavelength of 1.94 mu m is incident to the first polaroid along the direction a at an incident angle of 45 degrees, the first polaroid reflects the pump light into the Ho: YLF crystal, the Ho: YLF crystal generates horizontal polarized light along the directions c and d under the pumping of the pump light, and the residual pump light after being absorbed by the Ho: YLF crystal is reflected out of the ring-shaped resonant cavity along the direction b by the second polaroid;
the horizontally polarized light transmitted along the direction d completely penetrates through the second polarizing film and the third polarizing film, then passes through the acousto-optic Q switch, the fourth polarizing film and the first plano-convex lens, enters the second pyramid prism, and is totally reflected for three times in the second pyramid prism to output elliptically polarized light I; the elliptically polarized light I is divided into a horizontal polarized light part and a vertical polarized light part after passing through the fifth polarizing film, wherein the vertical polarized light is reflected by the fifth polarizing film, the fourth polarizing film, the third polarizing film and the sixth polarizing film in sequence, then passes through the second planoconvex lens and then enters the fourth pyramid prism, and the horizontal component light of the elliptically polarized light II which is emitted out of the fourth pyramid prism passes through the first polarizing film, then passes through the Ho/YLF crystal and continues to oscillate in the cavity along the direction d; vertical component light of the elliptical polarized light II is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity by the first polarizing film and is output along the direction e; after the horizontal polarized light component of the elliptical polarized light I penetrates through the fifth polarizing film and the quarter wave plate, emergent light is changed into elliptical polarized light III, the vertical component light of the elliptical polarized light III is reflected by the sixth polarizing film and then enters the third pyramid prism, and the elliptical polarized light IV emergent from the third pyramid prism continues to oscillate between the four pyramid prisms in the annular resonant cavity; horizontal component light of the elliptical polarized light III penetrates through the sixth polarizing film and then is incident to the fourth pyramid prism through the second plano-convex lens, vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light V which is emergent from the fourth pyramid prism is reflected by the first polarizing film and is emergent out of the annular resonant cavity along the direction e;
the Ho: YLF crystal generates horizontal polarized light along the direction c under the pumping of pump light, all the horizontal polarized light penetrates through the first polarizer and then enters the fourth pyramid prism, the emergent elliptical polarized light VI penetrates through the second plano-convex lens and then enters the sixth polarizer, the vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VI sequentially passes through the sixth polarizer, the third polarizer, the fourth polarizer and the fifth polarizer and then enters the second pyramid prism, the emergent elliptical polarized light VII passes through the first plano-convex lens, the horizontal polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VII penetrates through the fourth polarizer, the acousto-optic Q switch, the third polarizer, the second polarizer and the Ho: YLF crystal and then continues to oscillate in the annular resonant cavity along the direction c, and the vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VII penetrates through the first plano-convex lens, reflecting the light into the first pyramid prism by the fourth polarizing plate, continuously oscillating horizontal polarized light in the emitted elliptical polarized light IX in the annular resonant cavity, reflecting vertical polarized light in the elliptical polarized light IX by the third polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, and then emitting the light out of the annular resonant cavity along the direction f; the horizontal polarization component light of the elliptical polarized light VI penetrates through the second planoconvex lens and the sixth polarizing film and is changed into elliptical polarized light X after passing through the quarter-wave plate, the vertical polarization component light of the elliptical polarized light X is reflected to the third pyramid prism by the fifth polarizing film, the emergent elliptical polarized light XI continuously oscillates among the four pyramid prisms in the annular resonant cavity, the horizontal polarization component light of the elliptical polarized light X penetrates through the fifth polarizing film and is incident on the second pyramid prism, the emergent vertical polarization component light of the elliptical polarized light X I penetrates through the first planoconvex lens and is reflected to the first pyramid prism by the fourth polarizing film, and the emergent horizontal polarization component light of the elliptical polarized light XII is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity by the third polarizing film and the second polarizing film and is output along the direction f;
after radio frequency voltage is applied to the acousto-optic Q switch, the laser outputs Q-switched laser pulses along the direction e and the direction f, and the size of the output laser energy in the direction e and the direction f is changed by rotating the quarter-wave plate.
Furthermore, the first pyramid prism and the third pyramid prism have the same structure and size, the diameters of incidence surfaces are 20mm-2000mm, the incidence surfaces are plated with high-transmission films with the diameters of 1.9 μm-2.1 μm, the curvature radius of a reflection surface is 0-2000mm, and the material is JGS 3.
Furthermore, the second pyramid prism and the fourth pyramid prism have the same structure and size, the diameters of incidence surfaces are 10mm-1000mm, the incidence surfaces are plated with high-transmission films with the diameters of 1.9 μm-2.1 μm, the curvature radius of a reflection surface is 0-2000mm, and the material is JGS 3.
Further, the first polarizer and the second polarizer have facet diameters of 3mm to 500 mm; the surface element diameters of the third polarizer, the fourth polarizer, the fifth polarizer and the sixth polarizer are all 6mm-1000 mm; the six polaroids are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m horizontal polarized light, highly reflective to 2.05 mu m vertical polarized light and highly reflective to 1.94 mu m pump light.
Further, the surface element diameter of the quarter-wave plate is 3mm-500mm, and the quarter-wave plate is high in transmittance for 2.05 mu m light.
Further, the acousto-optic Q-switch material is fused quartz.
Furthermore, the crystal length range of the Ho/YLF crystal is 20-300mm, the crystal doping concentration range is 0.1-10%, and the two end faces are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m laser.
Furthermore, the first plano-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens have the surface elements with the diameter of 10-100 mm and the curvature radius of 10-1000mm, and the two end surfaces of the first plano-convex lens and the second plano-convex lens are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m laser.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts the four pyramid prisms to form the annular resonant cavity, so that the oscillating light beams in the cavity are reflected back and forth between the pyramid prisms, and the stable output of the pulse laser with long pulse width is favorably obtained. Compared with the prior art, the structure can obviously increase the cavity length of the resonant cavity under the same laser volume, and simultaneously ensures the anti-detuning characteristic of the laser resonant cavity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an anti-detuning long pulse wide-angle tapered cavity solid state laser of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the light-transmitting area of the incident bottom surface of the corner cube prism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the reflective area of a corner cube;
reference numerals: the liquid crystal display panel comprises 1-a first polarizing film, 2-Ho, YLF crystal, 3-a second polarizing film, 4-a third polarizing film, 5-a first pyramid prism, 6-an acousto-optic Q switch, 7-a fourth polarizing film, 8-a first plano-convex lens, 9-a second pyramid prism, 10-a fifth polarizing film, 11-a third pyramid prism, 12-a quarter-wave plate, 13-a sixth polarizing film, 14-a second plano-convex lens and 15-a fourth pyramid prism.
Detailed Description
The detuning-resistant long pulse wide-angle conical cavity solid-state laser is further described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the detuning-resistant long-pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid-state laser comprises a first polarizer 1, Ho: YLF crystal 2, a second polarizer 3, a third polarizer 4, a first angle cone prism 5, an acousto-optic Q switch 6, a fourth polarizer 7, a first plano-convex lens 8, a second angle cone prism 9, a fifth polarizer 10, a third angle cone prism 11, a quarter wave plate 12, a sixth polarizer 13, a second plano-convex lens 14 and a fourth angle cone prism 15.
The incident planes of the first pyramid prism 5 and the third pyramid prism 11 are arranged in a rotational symmetry manner relatively, the incident planes of the second pyramid prism 9 and the fourth pyramid prism 15 are arranged in a rotational symmetry manner relatively, and the four pyramid prisms form an annular resonant cavity. The first polaroid 1, Ho, YLF crystal 2, the second polaroid 3, the third polaroid 4, the acousto-optic Q switch 6, the fourth polaroid 7, the first plano-convex lens 8, the fifth polaroid 10, the quarter-wave plate 12, the sixth polaroid 13 and the second plano-convex lens 14 are all positioned in the annular resonant cavity. As shown in fig. 2, three edges of the corner cube and their images divide the clear aperture into 6 fan-shaped regions, and each two clear apertures, which are centrosymmetric with respect to the vertex, constitute an incident light region and an exit light region. As shown in fig. 3, for a single corner cube prism, the intra-cavity oscillation optical path will be incident from two different regions and exit from the two different regions, the corresponding emergent light and incident light are distributed in central symmetry with the vertex of the prism, and the object-image relationship is the object-image and mirror-image relationship.
The pumping light with the central wavelength of 1.94 microns is incident to the first polarizer 1 along the direction a at an incident angle of 45 degrees, the first polarizer 1 reflects the pumping light into the Ho: YLF crystal 2, the Ho: YLF crystal 2 generates horizontal polarized light along the directions c and d under the pumping of the pumping light, and the residual pumping light after being absorbed by the Ho: YLF crystal 2 is reflected out of the ring resonator along the direction b by the second polarizer 3.
The horizontally polarized light transmitted along the direction d is totally transmitted through the second polarizing film 3 and the third polarizing film 4, then is incident into the second pyramid prism 9 through the acousto-optic Q switch 6, the fourth polarizing film 7 and the first plano-convex lens 8, and is totally reflected for three times in the second pyramid prism 9 to output elliptically polarized light i. The elliptically polarized light I is divided into a horizontal polarized light part and a vertical polarized light part after passing through a fifth polarizing film 10, wherein the vertical polarized light is reflected by the fifth polarizing film 10, a fourth polarizing film 7, a third polarizing film 4 and a sixth polarizing film 13 in sequence, then enters a fourth pyramid prism 15 after passing through a second plano-convex lens 14, and horizontal component light of elliptically polarized light II which exits the fourth pyramid prism 15 passes through a first polarizing film 1, then passes through a Ho: YLF crystal 2, and continues to oscillate in a cavity along a direction d. The vertical component light of the elliptical polarized light II is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity by the first polaroid 1 and is output along the direction e. After the horizontal polarized light component of the elliptical polarized light I passes through the fifth polarizing film 10 and the quarter wave plate 12, the emergent light is changed into elliptical polarized light III, the vertical component light of the elliptical polarized light III is reflected by the sixth polarizing film 13 and then enters the third pyramid prism 11, and the elliptical polarized light IV emergent from the third pyramid prism 11 continuously oscillates among the four pyramid prisms in the annular resonant cavity. Horizontal component light of the elliptically polarized light III penetrates through the sixth polarizing plate 13 and then enters the fourth pyramid prism 15 through the second convex lens 14, and vertical polarized component light in the elliptically polarized light V which is emitted out of the fourth pyramid prism 15 is reflected by the first polarizing plate 1 and is emitted out of the annular resonant cavity along the direction e.
The horizontal polarized light generated by the YLF crystal 2 along the direction c under the pumping of the pump light is totally transmitted by the first polarizer 1 and then is incident on the fourth pyramid prism 15, the emergent elliptical polarized light VI is transmitted by the second planoconvex lens 14 and then is incident on the sixth polarizer 13, the vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VI sequentially passes through the sixth polarizer 13, the third polarizer 4, the fourth polarizer 7 and the fifth polarizer 10 and then is incident on the second pyramid prism 9, the emergent elliptical polarized light VII passes through the first planoconvex lens 8, the horizontal polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VII is transmitted by the fourth polarizer 7, the acousto-optic Q switch 6, the third polarizer 4, the second polarizer 3 and the Ho: YLF crystal 2 and then continues to oscillate in the annular resonant cavity along the direction c, the vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VII is transmitted by the first planoconvex lens 8 and is reflected by the fourth polarizer 7 to enter the fourth pyramid prism 5, horizontal polarized light in the emitted elliptical polarized light IX continuously oscillates in the annular resonant cavity, and vertical polarized light in the elliptical polarized light IX is emitted out of the annular resonant cavity along the direction f after being reflected by the third polarizing plate 4 and the second polarizing plate 3. The horizontal polarized component light of the elliptical polarized light vi passes through the second planoconvex lens 14 and the sixth polarizing plate 13, and is changed into elliptical polarized light X after passing through the quarter-wave plate 12, the vertical polarized component light of the elliptical polarized light X is reflected to the third pyramid prism 11 by the fifth polarizing plate 10, the emitted elliptical polarized light xi continues to oscillate between the four pyramid prisms in the annular resonant cavity, the horizontal polarized component light of the elliptical polarized light X passes through the fifth polarizing plate 10 and enters the second pyramid prism 9, the emitted vertical polarized component light of the elliptical polarized light X i passes through the first planoconvex lens 8 and is reflected to the first pyramid prism 5 by the fourth polarizing plate 7, and the emitted horizontal polarized component light of the elliptical polarized light XII passes through the third polarizing plate 4 and the second polarizing plate 3 and is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity and is output along the direction f.
After applying a radio frequency voltage with a certain working frequency to the acousto-optic Q switch 6, the laser outputs Q-switched laser pulses along the direction e and the direction f, and the size of the laser energy is changed by rotating the quarter-wave plate 12.
In the embodiment, the first pyramid prism 5 and the third pyramid prism 11 have the same structure and size, the diameters of the incident surfaces are both 20mm-2000mm, the incident surfaces are plated with high-transmission films with the diameters of 1.9 μm-2.1 μm, the curvature radius of the reflecting surface is 0-2000mm, and the material is JGS 3.
The second pyramid prism 9 and the fourth pyramid prism 15 have the same structure and size, the diameters of incidence surfaces are 10mm-1000mm, the incidence surfaces are plated with high-transmission films with the diameters of 1.9 μm-2.1 μm, the curvature radius of a reflection surface is 0-2000mm, and the material is JGS 3.
The first polaroid 1 and the second polaroid 3 have facet diameters of 3mm-500 mm. The third polarizer 4, the fourth polarizer 7, the fifth polarizer 10 and the sixth polarizer 13 all have a bin diameter of 6mm to 1000 mm. The six polaroids are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m horizontal polarized light, highly reflective to 2.05 mu m vertical polarized light and highly reflective to 1.94 mu m pump light. Six polaroids are matched to realize the reciprocating reflection of the oscillation light beam in the annular cavity, wherein the first polaroid 1 is used as an injection mirror and a laser output mirror of the pump light, the second polaroid 3 is used as an output mirror of the pump light and the laser, the two polaroids are respectively positioned on two sides of the laser working substance, and the surface element diameters are both 3mm-500 mm. The third polarizing film 4, the fourth polarizing film 7, the fifth polarizing film 10 and the sixth polarizing film 13 are used as polarizing beam splitters and are placed at the position where the light paths of the four corner cone prisms are overlapped at an angle of 45 degrees, and are used for achieving the light beam polarizing beam splitting effect among the four corner cone prisms to form light path intercommunication.
The surface element diameter of the quarter-wave plate 12 is 3mm-500mm, and the quarter-wave plate is high in transmittance of 2.05 mu m light. The quarter-wave plate 12 is matched to realize the reciprocating reflection of the oscillation light beam in the annular cavity, the quarter-wave plate 12 is positioned between the fifth polarizing plate 10 and the sixth polarizing plate 13, the light path of the quarter-wave plate 12 and the light path of the laser working substance are symmetrically distributed by taking the vertex of the fourth pyramid prism 15 as the center, and the quarter-wave plate 12 is used for realizing the light path intercommunication among the pyramid prisms 9, 11 and 15 so as to greatly increase the cavity length of the resonant cavity.
The acousto-optic Q-switch 6 is made of fused quartz. Adopt reputation Q switch 6 to realize long pulse width laser output, reputation Q switch 6 is placed between third polaroid 4 and fourth polaroid 7, can guarantee that the light beam of incident reputation Q switch 6 is the linear polarization, avoids the influence of the depolarization effect of pyramid prism to reputation Q switch shutoff effect.
The crystal length range of Ho and YLF crystal 2 is 20-300mm, the doping concentration range of the crystal is 0.1-10%, and both end faces are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m laser.
The first plano-convex lens 8 and the second plano-convex lens 14 have facet diameters of 10mm-100mm and curvature radii of 10-1000mm, and the two end faces are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m laser. Two plano-convex lenses are used to form a thermal stability chamber.
In order to overcome the defect that a resonant cavity of a laser is easy to detune and improve the stability of output light beams, the laser adopts four corner cone prisms to form an annular resonant cavity, and utilizes the depolarization characteristic of the corner cone prisms and uses a polaroid and a quarter wave plate in a matching manner, so that the oscillating light beams in the cavity are repeatedly reflected among the four corner cone prisms, and the cavity length of the resonant cavity is effectively increased. The laser working substance adopts a Ho/YLF crystal with higher gain, an acousto-optic Q switch is used as a Q-switching element, two plano-convex lenses in the cavity are used for forming a thermal stable cavity, and the resonant cavity is favorable for obtaining stable output of long-pulse-width laser. Because the auto-collimation characteristic of pyramid prism, can make the resonant cavity of this laser instrument have stronger anti detuning characteristic, compare in ordinary resonant cavity, the laser instrument volume is littleer (because the auto-collimation characteristic of pyramid prism, even there is certain slope or certain radial skew in its summit in four pyramid prisms, still can guarantee the parallelism between the light path, the optical length of annular resonant cavity is unchangeable, and then guarantees the stability of laser instrument).
It should be pointed out that the number of the corner cube prisms in the invention can also be increased, and the number of the polaroids is synchronously increased and the laser crystal adopts a mode of connecting a plurality of crystals in series, so as to further increase the cavity length of the resonant cavity and obtain longer laser pulse width.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The detuning-resistant long-pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid laser is characterized by comprising a first polaroid (1), a Ho YLF crystal (2), a second polaroid (3), a third polaroid (4), a first angle cone prism (5), an acousto-optic Q switch (6), a fourth polaroid (7), a first plano-convex lens (8), a second angle cone prism (9), a fifth polaroid (10), a third angle cone prism (11), a quarter wave plate (12), a sixth polaroid (13), a second plano-convex lens (14) and a fourth angle cone prism (15);
the incident planes of the first pyramid prism (5) and the third pyramid prism (11) are relatively and rotationally symmetrically arranged, the incident planes of the second pyramid prism (9) and the fourth pyramid prism (15) are relatively and rotationally symmetrically arranged, and the four pyramid prisms form an annular resonant cavity; the first polaroid (1), Ho, the YLF crystal (2), the second polaroid (3), the third polaroid (4), the acousto-optic Q switch (6), the fourth polaroid (7), the first plano-convex lens (8), the fifth polaroid (10), the quarter-wave plate (12), the sixth polaroid (13) and the second plano-convex lens (14) are all positioned in the annular resonant cavity;
the pump light with the central wavelength of 1.94 mu m is incident to the first polaroid (1) along the direction a at an incident angle of 45 degrees, the first polaroid (1) reflects the pump light into the Ho: YLF crystal (2), the Ho: YLF crystal (2) generates horizontal polarized light along the directions c and d under the pumping of the pump light, and the residual pump light after being absorbed by the Ho: YLF crystal (2) is reflected out of the ring-shaped resonant cavity along the direction b by the second polaroid (3);
the horizontally polarized light transmitted along the direction d completely passes through the second polarizing film (3) and the third polarizing film (4), then passes through the acousto-optic Q switch (6), the fourth polarizing film (7) and the first plano-convex lens (8), enters the second pyramid prism (9), is totally reflected for three times in the second pyramid prism (9), and then outputs elliptically polarized light I; the elliptically polarized light I is divided into a horizontal polarized light part and a vertical polarized light part after passing through a fifth polarizing film (10), wherein the vertical polarized light is reflected by the fifth polarizing film (10), a fourth polarizing film (7), a third polarizing film (4) and a sixth polarizing film (13) in sequence, then enters a fourth pyramid prism (15) after passing through a second plano-convex lens (14), and horizontal component light of elliptically polarized light II which exits from the fourth pyramid prism (15) passes through a first polarizing film (1), then passes through a Ho, namely a YLF crystal (2), and continues to oscillate in a cavity along a direction d; vertical component light of the elliptical polarized light II is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity by the first polaroid (1) and is output along the direction e; after the horizontal polarized light component of the elliptical polarized light I passes through a fifth polarizing film (10) and a quarter-wave plate (12), emergent light is changed into elliptical polarized light III, the vertical component light of the elliptical polarized light III is reflected by a sixth polarizing film (13) and then enters a third pyramid prism (11), and the elliptical polarized light IV emergent from the third pyramid prism (11) continues to oscillate between the four pyramid prisms in the annular resonant cavity; horizontal component light of the elliptical polarized light III penetrates through a sixth polarizing film (13), then enters a fourth pyramid prism (15) through a second flat convex lens (14), vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light V which exits the fourth pyramid prism (15) is reflected by a first polarizing film (1), and exits out of the annular resonant cavity along the direction e;
the horizontal polarized light generated by the YLF crystal (2) along the direction c under the pumping of the pump light is totally transmitted through the first polaroid (1) and then is incident to a fourth pyramid prism (15), the emergent elliptical polarized light VI is transmitted through the second planoconvex lens (14) and then is incident to a sixth polaroid (13), the vertical polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VI sequentially passes through the sixth polaroid (13), the third polaroid (4), the fourth polaroid (7) and the fifth polaroid (10) and then is incident to the second pyramid prism (9), the emergent elliptical polarized light VII passes through the first planoconvex lens (8), the horizontal polarized component light in the elliptical polarized light VII passes through the fourth polaroid (7), the acousto-optic Q switch (6), the third polaroid (4), the second polaroid (3) and the Ho YLF crystal (2) and then continuously oscillates in the annular resonant cavity along the direction c, and the vertical polarized light in the elliptical polarized light passes through the first planoconvex lens (8), the light is reflected by a fourth polarizing film (7) and enters a first pyramid prism (5), the horizontal polarization component light in the emitted elliptical polarization light IX continues to oscillate in the annular resonant cavity, and the vertical polarization component light in the elliptical polarization light IX is emitted out of the annular resonant cavity along the direction f after being reflected by a third polarizing film (4) and a second polarizing film (3); the horizontal polarization component light of the elliptical polarized light VI passes through the second planoconvex lens (14) and the sixth polarizing plate (13) and is changed into elliptical polarized light X after passing through the quarter-wave plate (12), the vertical polarization component light in the elliptical polarized light X is reflected to the third pyramid prism (11) by the fifth polarizing plate (10), the emergent elliptical polarized light XI continuously oscillates among the four pyramid prisms in the annular resonant cavity, the horizontal polarization component light in the elliptical polarized light X passes through the fifth polarizing plate (10) and is incident to the second pyramid prism (9), the emergent vertical polarization component light in the elliptical polarized light X I passes through the first planoconvex lens (8) and is reflected to the first pyramid prism (5) by the fourth polarizing plate (7), the emergent horizontal polarization component light in the elliptical polarized light X I is reflected out of the annular resonant cavity by the third polarizing plate (4) and the second polarizing plate (3), output along direction f;
after radio frequency voltage is applied to the acousto-optic Q switch (6), the laser outputs Q-switched laser pulses along the direction e and the direction f, and the magnitude of the output laser energy in the direction e and the direction f is changed by rotating the quarter-wave plate (12).
2. The detuning-resistant long-pulse-width pyramid cavity solid-state laser device according to claim 1, wherein the first pyramid prism (5) and the third pyramid prism (11) have the same structure and size, the diameters of incidence surfaces are both 20mm-2000mm, the incidence surfaces are coated with high-transmission films of 1.9 μm-2.1 μm, the curvature radius of the reflection surface is 0-2000mm, and the material is JGS 3.
3. The detuning-resistant long-pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid-state laser device according to claim 1, wherein the second pyramid prism (9) and the fourth pyramid prism (15) have the same structure and size, the diameters of incidence surfaces are 10mm-1000mm, the incidence surfaces are coated with 1.9 μm-2.1 μm high-transmittance films, the curvature radius of the reflection surface is 0-2000mm, and the material is JGS 3.
4. The detuned-resistant long pulse width pyramidal cavity solid-state laser according to claim 1, wherein the first polarizer (1) and the second polarizer (3) each have a facet diameter of 3mm to 500 mm; a third polarizing plate (4), a fourth polarizing plate (7), a fifth polarizing plate (10) and a sixth polarizing plate (13), wherein the surface element diameters are all 6mm-1000 mm; the six polaroids are highly transparent to 2.05 mu m horizontal polarized light, highly reflective to 2.05 mu m vertical polarized light and highly reflective to 1.94 mu m pump light.
5. The detuned-resistant long pulse width pyramidal cavity solid-state laser according to claim 1, wherein the facet diameter of the quarter-wave plate (12) is 3mm-500mm, and the quarter-wave plate is highly transparent to 2.05 μm light.
6. The detuned-resistant long pulse width tapered cavity solid-state laser according to claim 1, wherein the acousto-optic Q-switch (6) material is fused silica.
7. The detuning-resistant long pulse wide-angle cone cavity solid-state laser device according to claim 1, wherein the crystal length range of the Ho: YLF crystal (2) is 20-300mm, the crystal doping concentration range is 0.1% -10%, and both end faces are highly transparent to 2.05 μm laser light.
8. The detuning-resistant long-pulse-width pyramid cavity solid-state laser device according to claim 1, wherein the first plano-convex lens (8) and the second plano-convex lens (14) have facet diameters of 10mm-100mm and curvature radii of 10-1000mm, and both end faces are highly transparent to 2.05 μm laser light.
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