CN110011177B - Electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch - Google Patents
Electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN110011177B CN110011177B CN201910218722.7A CN201910218722A CN110011177B CN 110011177 B CN110011177 B CN 110011177B CN 201910218722 A CN201910218722 A CN 201910218722A CN 110011177 B CN110011177 B CN 110011177B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
- G02F1/0311—Structural association of optical elements, e.g. lenses, polarizers, phase plates, with the crystal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0305—Constructional arrangements
- G02F1/0316—Electrodes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
- G02F1/0327—Operation of the cell; Circuit arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
- H01S3/10—Controlling the intensity, frequency, phase, polarisation or direction of the emitted radiation, e.g. switching, gating, modulating or demodulating
- H01S3/11—Mode locking; Q-switching; Other giant-pulse techniques, e.g. cavity dumping
- H01S3/1123—Q-switching
- H01S3/115—Q-switching using intracavity electro-optic devices
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- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Abstract
An electro-optic radial birefringence Q-switch sequentially comprises a compensating wave plate, a radial birefringence electro-optic crystal, a compensating lens and a polarizing element from the incident direction of a light beam to the emergent direction; and the Q-switching high-voltage electrode is used for loading voltage to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal. The invention is used for the large-energy solid laser to output flat-top beams, improves the beam quality and beam uniformity, and improves the output efficiency, the laser stability and the laser integration level.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electro-optic radial birefringence Q-switch, and belongs to the technical field of solid lasers.
Background
The solid laser pumped by the laser diode with large energy and high beam quality is always the research focus and hot spot of the all-solid laser, and is widely applied to the fields of laser processing, space laser radar, space photoelectric countermeasure, laser medical treatment and the like. Generally, the output laser of the solid laser has a non-uniform and gaussian distribution and a very large central intensity. However, for a large-energy Q-switched laser, the laser spatial mode is in Gaussian distribution, which causes the local power density in the cavity to be too high, and easily causes damage to optical elements and laser crystals; it also causes a self-focusing effect of the laser and thus a deterioration of the beam quality, so that the laser beam needs to be shaped. The light intensity distribution of the flat-top light beam is uniform, the top of the light intensity distribution function is flat, and the problem caused by the Gaussian light beam can be avoided by shaping the Gaussian light beam into the flat-top light beam. In addition, it is also desirable in some laser applications that the spatial distribution of the output laser light be relatively uniform.
The existing solid laser shaping method comprises an extra-cavity shaping technology and an intra-cavity shaping technology, and the extra-cavity shaping technology is suitable for low-energy lasers. The high-energy solid laser adopts an intracavity shaping technology, the spatial light intensity distribution of the laser output by the resonant cavity is the required distribution, and the laser loss can be reduced to the maximum extent. Intracavity shaping techniques include variable reflectivity cavity mirror (VRM) techniques, Diffractive Optical Element (DOE) techniques, gradient phase mirror techniques, radial birefringent lens (RBE) techniques, anamorphic mirror techniques, and the like. Typically, a large-energy Q-switched laser is mostly used for polarization coupling output, so that RBE is usually used for shaping output laser into a flat-top beam. The radial birefringent lens is manufactured by using the birefringent characteristic of the crystal, and the thickness of the crystal continuously changes along the radial direction, thereby causing the phase retardation change along the radial direction.
The large-energy Q-switched laser can realize the polarization coupling output of the flat-top light beam by adding the additional radial birefringent element and the polarization output in the cavity, the Q-switched driving voltage is higher, and the additional optical element increases the optical loss of the laser and the volume of the laser. These problems are present with all intra-cavity reshaping techniques, including RBE techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch overcomes the defects of the prior art, and comprises a compensating wave plate, a radial birefringence electro-optical crystal, a compensating lens and a polarizing element in sequence from the incidence direction of a light beam; and the Q-switching high-voltage electrode is used for loading voltage to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal. The invention is used for the large-energy solid laser to output flat-top beams, improves the beam quality and beam uniformity, and improves the output efficiency, the laser stability and the laser integration level.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an electro-optic radial birefringence Q-switch sequentially comprises a compensating wave plate, a radial birefringence electro-optic crystal, a compensating lens and a polarizing element from the incident direction of a light beam to the emergent direction; the device also comprises a Q-switching high-voltage electrode; the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal and the compensating lens are made of the same material;
in the direction perpendicular to the light beam propagation direction, the thicknesses of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal and the compensation lens are continuously changed, and the change trends are opposite;
the Q-switching high-voltage electrode is used for loading voltage to the radial birefringence electro-optic crystal, and the normal line of the Q-switching high-voltage electrode is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the light beam.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch, the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal is a transverse application crystal, and when the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal is a uniaxial crystal, the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal is a monolithic crystal; when the radial birefringence electro-optic crystal adopts a biaxial crystal, the radial birefringence electro-optic crystal adopts two pieces of parameter crystals which are connected in series and applied orthogonally.
The electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch is selected from, but not limited to, LiNbO3Crystal, LiTaO3Crystal, KTP crystal, RTP crystal.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switching switch, the side surface of the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal, which is close to the Q-switching high-voltage electrode, is polished.
In the electro-optic radial birefringence Q-switch, the laser antireflection films are arranged on two side surfaces of the radial birefringence electro-optic crystal, which are close to the compensating wave plate and the compensating lens.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch, the polarizing element is any one of a 45-degree polarizing plate beam splitter, a Brewster angle polarizing plate beam splitter and a polarizing beam splitter cube; the polarizing element is made of any one of ultraviolet fused quartz, N-SF1 glass and H-LaK67 glass.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch, the compensation wave plate is a quarter wave plate, the compensation wave plate is made of ultraviolet fused quartz, and the quarter wave plate can be any one of a zero-order wave plate, a true zero-order wave plate and a multi-order wave plate.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switching switch, the Q-switching high-voltage electrode is plated with gold on the side surface close to the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switching switch, the output voltage of the Q-switching high-voltage electrode is 0V-1200V.
In the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch, the end face of the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal close to the compensation wave plate is a plane, and the end face of the radial birefringence electro-optical crystal far away from the compensation wave plate is a convex spherical surface; the end face of the compensating lens, which is close to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal, is a concave spherical surface, and the end face of the compensating lens, which is far from the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal, is a plane; the radius of the spherical surfaces of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal and the compensating lens is equal.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the laser can output flat-top beams, improves the beam quality of output laser, simultaneously adjusts the Q driving voltage to be less than 1200V, reduces the voltage by more than 60 percent and the loss by more than 5 percent compared with the prior art, and can improve the integration level of the laser; the advantages of the invention are supplemented, except for an integral scheme, such as the loss and the driving voltage; the whole loss and the driving voltage must be supplemented, and the problems of large loss, high driving voltage and the like exist in the problems solved by the invention;
(2) the radial double-refraction electro-optic crystal 1 is matched with the compensation lens 2, so that the single pulse energy output by the oscillation laser and the divergence angle of the resonant cavity are ensured; other small inventions, such as the cooperation of the radially birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 and the compensation lens 2.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electro-optic radial birefringence Q-switch according to an embodiment of the present invention applied in a laser;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switched crystal according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a compensation lens according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switched switch for use in a solid state laser, the switch comprising: the device comprises a radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1(Q crystal), a compensation lens 2, a polarizing element 3, a compensation wave plate 4 and a Q-switched high-voltage electrode 5;
the radial birefringence electro-optic crystal 1 is a transverse application crystal and is selected from one of the following electro-optic crystals: LiNbO3Crystal, LiTaO3Crystal, KTP (KTiOPO)4) Crystal, RTP (RTiOPO)4) Crystals, etc.;
the transverse application refers to that the power-on direction and the light-passing direction of the Q-switched crystal are perpendicular to each other;
optionally, the LiNbO3Crystal, LiTaO3The crystal is a uniaxial crystal and is designed by adopting a single cylindrical crystal;
optionally, the KTP crystal and the RTP crystal are biaxial crystals, and two cylindrical crystals with the same parameter and size are connected in series and orthogonally applied;
the side surface of the radial birefringence electro-optic crystal 1 is polished, and laser antireflection films are plated at two ends along the axial direction (light transmission direction);
optionally, the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 is designed conventionally, and has a thickness that continuously changes along the radial direction (perpendicular to the light passing direction) of the Q crystal according to the requirement of flat-top beam shaping, and is similar to a square plano-concave lens or a plano-convex lens;
the material of the compensating lens 2 is the same as that of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1, the thickness of the compensating lens is continuously changed along the direction vertical to the light passing direction, the thickness change trend is opposite to that of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1, and the total optical paths of laser passing through the compensating lens 2 and the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 at different positions are equal;
optionally, the polarizing element 3 may be one of a 45 ° polarizing plate beam splitter, a brewster angle polarizing plate beam splitter and a polarizing beam splitter cube, and is made of one of ultraviolet fused silica, N-SF1 glass and H-LaK67 glass;
the compensation wave plate 4 is a quarter wave plate, is made of ultraviolet fused quartz and can be one of a zero-order wave plate, a true zero-order wave plate and a multi-order wave plate;
the Q-switching high-voltage electrode 5 is plated with gold on the side face, and fixed voltage is loaded to the electro-optic crystal along the direction vertical to the light passing direction.
Example (b):
an electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch applied to a solid laser, as shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3, and the electro-optical radial birefringence Q-switch and the using method thereof comprise the following components: the device comprises a radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1, a compensation lens 2, a polarization element 3, a compensation wave plate 4 and a Q-switched high-voltage electrode 5;
the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 is selected from transverse application crystals, specifically from one of the following electro-optic crystals: LiNbO3Crystal, LiTaO3Crystal, KTP (KTiPO)4) Crystal, RTP (RTiOPO)4) Crystals, etc.;
using uniaxial crystals, e.g. LiNbO3Crystals or LiTaO3The radial double refraction electro-optic crystal 1 is designed by adopting a single cuboid crystal;
or selecting a biaxial crystal, such as a KTP crystal or an RTP crystal, and the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 needs to adopt two cuboid crystals with the same parameter and size to be connected in series and orthogonally used;
and the lateral surface of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 is polished, and both ends of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal are plated with laser antireflection films along the axial direction.
Besides the conventional design, the thickness of the electro-optic crystal needs to be designed to be continuously changed along the radial direction (perpendicular to the light passing direction) of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 according to the shaping requirement of a flat-top light beam, and the thickness change is carried out according to the
) Where r is the distance in the radial direction, ρ is the curvature, d is0The thickness of the center of the electro-optic crystal is similar to a square plano-concave lens or a plano-convex lens;
the compensating lens 2 is made of the same material as the selected radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1, the thickness of the compensating lens continuously changes along the radial direction, the thickness change trend is opposite to that of the electro-optic crystal 1, and the compensating lens is used for compensating the optical path difference generated by the laser through the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1.
The transversely applied radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 generates phase delay after voltage is loaded along the radial direction, and the phase delay is related to the length-width ratio of the crystal, so that the generated phase delay also changes along the radial direction;
the phase delay caused by the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 can cause the change of the light intensity distribution of the output laser only by combining with the use of the polarization element 3, and further the output laser is shaped into a flat-top beam;
the polarizing element 3 may be one of a 45 ° polarizing plate beamsplitter, a brewster angle polarizing plate beamsplitter and a polarizing beam splitter cube, made of one of uv fused silica, N-SF1 glass and H-LaK67 glass.
The compensating wave plate 4 is a quarter wave plate and is used for compensating the phase of laser in a laser applied to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1, is made of ultraviolet fused quartz and can be one of a zero-order wave plate, a true zero-order wave plate and a multi-order wave plate;
the Q-switched high-voltage electrode 5 is plated with gold on the side surface, and fixed voltage is loaded to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal 1 along the direction vertical to the light passing direction.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.
Claims (9)
1. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch, comprising: the device comprises a compensating wave plate (4), a radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1), a compensating lens (2) and a polarizing element (3) which are sequentially arranged in the emergent direction from the incident direction of a light beam; the device also comprises a Q-switching high-voltage electrode (5); the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) and the compensating lens (2) are made of the same material;
in the direction perpendicular to the light beam propagation direction, the thicknesses of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) and the compensating lens (2) are continuously changed, and the change trends are opposite;
the Q-switching high-voltage electrode (5) is used for loading voltage to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1), and the normal line of the Q-switching high-voltage electrode (5) is perpendicular to the propagation direction of the light beam;
the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is a transverse application crystal;
the end face, close to the compensating wave plate (4), of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is a plane, and the end face, far away from the compensating wave plate (4), of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is a convex spherical surface; the end face, close to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1), of the compensation lens (2) is a concave spherical surface, and the end face, far away from the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1), of the compensation lens (2) is a plane; the radii of the spherical surfaces of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) and the compensating lens (2) are equal.
2. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: when the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) adopts a uniaxial crystal, the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is a monolithic crystal; when the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is a biaxial crystal, the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is applied by connecting two crystals with the same size parameter in series and orthogonally.
3. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is LiNbO3Crystal, LiTaO3Crystal, KTP crystal, RTP crystal.
4. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: and the side surface of the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) close to the Q-switching high-voltage electrode (5) is subjected to polishing treatment.
5. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1) is provided with laser antireflection films on two side surfaces close to the compensation wave plate (4) and the compensation lens (2).
6. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: the polarizing element (3) is any one of a 45-degree polarizing flat plate beam splitter, a Brewster angle polarizing flat plate beam splitter and a polarizing beam splitting cube; the polarizing element (3) is made of any one of ultraviolet fused quartz, N-SF1 glass and H-LaK67 glass.
7. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: the compensating wave plate (4) is a quarter wave plate, the compensating wave plate (4) is made of ultraviolet fused quartz, and the quarter wave plate is any one of a zero-order wave plate, a true zero-order wave plate and a multi-order wave plate.
8. An electro-optic radial birefringent Q-switch according to claim 1, wherein: and the Q-switching high-voltage electrode (5) is plated with gold on the side surface close to the radial birefringent electro-optic crystal (1).
9. An electro-optic radial birefringence Q-switch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the output voltage of the Q-switched high-voltage electrode (5) is 0V-1200V.
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| CN115810974A (en) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-03-17 | 长春理工大学 | Flat-top laser device of gradually-doped passive Q-switched crystal and output method |
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| CN201853942U (en) * | 2010-07-02 | 2011-06-01 | 北京时代卓易科技发展有限公司 | Electro-optic Q-switched solid-state laser with variable pulse width |
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