CN112736444B - Low RCS patch antenna array based on polarization switchable hybrid super surface - Google Patents
Low RCS patch antenna array based on polarization switchable hybrid super surface Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters
- H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
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Abstract
The invention provides a low RCS patch antenna array based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface, which comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, a fourth dielectric layer and a fifth dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; 3 x 3 first rectangular metal patches are printed on the first medium layer, and a metal ground is seamlessly printed below the first medium layer; a first rotatable metal grid is printed below the second medium layer; 6-6 patch units are printed above the third medium layer; a second rotatable metal grid is printed below the fourth medium layer; the first metal patch unit and the second metal patch unit which are arranged on the same chessboard are printed above the fourth medium layer and the fifth medium layer. The invention respectively reflects and absorbs incoming waves with different polarizations, realizes the reduction of the radar scattering sectional area with in-band, out-band, cross polarization and common polarization, and can realize good scattering characteristics for antennas with different polarizations.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low RCS patch antenna array based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface.
Background
With the progress of science and technology, modern war gradually changes into high-tech electronic war. Therefore, stealth technology is the key point for defeating. In communication systems, the transmission and reception of signals is an important component, so the radiation performance of the antenna is related to the success of the combat system. However, the antenna is one of the strong scattering sources in a communication system, which contributes greatly to the total radar scattering cross-sectional area of the system. Based on this, designing an antenna with low RCS is key to reducing the detectability of radar by the weapons platform.
The antenna is different from other scatterers, and due to the working characteristic of the antenna, the radiation performance of the antenna needs to be ensured when the RCS is reduced, and the transmission and the reception of electromagnetic waves can be completed, so that the design of the antenna with low RCS has important significance.
The super surface is an artificial material with a sub-wavelength structure, and can conveniently and effectively regulate and control the wave front phase, amplitude and polarization of electromagnetic waves on a sub-wavelength scale. The rapid development of the super-surface in recent years provides a new design means for improving the radiation and scattering performance of the antenna, and also provides a new method for the stealth technology of the antenna. Most of the design methods for reducing RCS in many of the current documents adopt a single super-surface, which can only reduce RCS of out-of-band or cross-polarized waves, and based on this, it is important to integrate different super-surfaces to realize RCS reduction of in-band out-of-band, cross-polarized and co-polarized waves.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a low RCS patch antenna array based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface, aiming at reducing RCS of in-band and out-of-band, cross polarization and co-polarization waves on the premise of ensuring normal radiation of the antenna and switching the polarization mode by rotating the direction of a grid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-RCS patch antenna array based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface comprises a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer, a fourth dielectric layer and a fifth dielectric layer which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer form an anisotropic wave absorber with switchable polarization; the fourth dielectric layer and the fifth dielectric layer form an anisotropic super surface which can switch polarization, abnormally reflect cross polarized incoming waves to other angles and transmit co-polarized waves. The anisotropic wave absorber and the anisotropic super surface form a hybrid super surface with switchable polarization.
3 x 3 first rectangular metal patches are printed on the first medium layer, and a metal ground is seamlessly printed below the first medium layer; 18 first rotatable metal grids are printed below the second medium layer so as to realize the function of switchable polarization; 6-6 patch units are printed above the third dielectric layer, and each patch unit comprises a square metal patch, four second rectangular metal patches and four lumped resistors; 9 second rotatable metal grids are printed below the fourth medium layer to realize the function of switchable polarization; a first metal patch unit and a second metal patch unit which are arranged on the chessboard are printed above the fourth medium layer, and coherent cancellation is realized through reflection phase difference, so that the purpose of reducing RCS is achieved; and a first metal patch unit and a second metal patch unit which are arranged on the same chessboard as the fourth medium layer are printed on the fifth medium layer.
Further, the first rectangular metal patch, the first dielectric layer and the metal ground are penetrated by a plurality of coaxial metal feed columns.
Furthermore, the four second rectangular metal patches are symmetrically distributed outside four sides of the square metal patch by taking the square metal patch as a center, and the narrower side of each second rectangular metal patch is opposite to the side length of the square metal patch.
Furthermore, the four lumped resistors are respectively arranged between the square metal patch and the second rectangular metal patch and used for connecting the square metal patch and the second rectangular metal patch.
Furthermore, the center of the first metal patch unit is a square, four isosceles trapezoids with the same size are symmetrically arranged around the first metal patch unit, and the upper bottom of each isosceles trapezoid is equal to the side length of the square; the second metal patch unit is formed by adjusting the structure of the first metal patch unit, and the length of the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is changed, so that the two units have reflection phase difference. The first metal patch units and the second metal patch units are distributed in a chessboard mode in a 3 x 3 mode to form patch unit groups respectively, and the patch unit groups formed by the first metal patch units and the patch unit groups formed by the second metal patch units are arranged in a staggered mode in a 3 x 3 mode.
Further, the first dielectric layer has a size of 50mm x 0.254mm, is a Rogers 5880 material, has a dielectric constant of 2.2, and has a loss tangent of 0.0009; the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer are equal in size and are made of the same material, the dielectric layers are made of FR4 material, the dielectric constant is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02; the fourth dielectric layer and the fifth dielectric layer are equal in size and are made of the same material, wherein the dielectric layers are made of Arlon AD430 material, the dielectric constant is 4.3, and the loss tangent is 0.003.
Furthermore, the height h between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer115.546 mm; height h of the second dielectric layer from the third dielectric layer2Is 1.4 mm; the height h of the third dielectric layer from the fourth dielectric layer3Is 0.2 mm; the fourth dielectric layer is tightly attached to the fifth dielectric layer.
Further, the size of the first rectangular metal patch is 8.47mm by 7mm, and the patch spacing is 17.3 mm; the first rotatable metal grid has a length of 45mm and a width of 1.2 mm; the second rotatable metal grid has a length of 45mm and a width of 3.5 mm; the size of the square metal patch is 1.4mm by 1.4 mm; the second rectangular metal patch is 0.6mm by 1.4mm in size; the lumped resistor has a resistance of 80 omega.
3 × 3 first rectangular metal patches printed on the first dielectric layer, corresponding to 3 × 3 feeding points, are arranged below the first dielectric layer in a 3 × 3 manner.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme adopted by the invention has the following technical effects:
when the antenna array works, the anisotropic super surface formed by the fourth dielectric layer and the fifth dielectric layer transmits co-polarized waves, abnormally reflects the cross polarized waves to other angles, and absorbs the cross polarized waves by the anisotropic wave absorber formed by the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer, so that the radiation performance of the antenna array can be ensured by transmitting the co-polarized waves, and the directional diagram and the resonant frequency point of the antenna are basically unchanged. When the antenna is in a non-working state, the metal grid below the second dielectric layer is rotated by 90 degrees, at the moment, the anisotropic wave absorber formed by the second dielectric layer and the third dielectric layer absorbs the co-polarized waves and transmits the cross-polarized waves, therefore, the RCS of the cross polarization in band and out of band and the co-polarized waves is reduced, and the polarization mode can be switched by rotating the direction of the grid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall three-dimensional structural view of the low RCS patch antenna array of the present invention based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface.
Fig. 2 is an overall side view of the low RCS patch antenna array of the present invention based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a metal patch printed on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer of the low RCS patch antenna array based on the polarization switchable hybrid super surface of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a metal patch and impedance structure printed on the upper surface of a third dielectric layer of the low RCS patch antenna array based on the polarization switchable hybrid super surface of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a metal patch printed on the upper surface of a fifth dielectric layer of the low RCS patch antenna array based on the polarization switchable hybrid super surface of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a wave absorption rate (a) and transmission coefficient (b) curve diagram of the anisotropic wave absorber formed by the second and third dielectric layers of the low RCS patch antenna array based on the polarization switchable hybrid super surface according to the present invention for different polarization modes.
Fig. 7 is a graph of reflection phase difference (a) and transmission coefficient (b) of the anisotropic super-surface formed by the fourth and fifth dielectric layers of the low RCS patch antenna array based on the polarization switchable hybrid super-surface according to the present invention for different polarization modes.
Fig. 8 is a graph (a) of the reflection coefficient and the gain of the polarization switchable hybrid super-surface based low RCS patch antenna array of the present invention when radiated versus the reference antenna array (b).
Fig. 9(a) is a graph of the results of single station RCS comparison and RCS reduction upon co-polarized incident wave illumination for a reference antenna and the proposed antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 9(b) is a graph of the results of single station RCS comparison and RCS reduction for a reference antenna and the proposed antenna of the present invention when illuminated with cross-polarized incident waves.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the low RCS patch antenna array based on the polarization switchable hybrid super-surface of the present invention includes a first dielectric layer 1, a second dielectric layer 2, a third dielectric layer 3, a fourth dielectric layer 4, and a fifth dielectric layer 5, which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top; the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3 form an anisotropic wave absorber with switchable polarization; the fourth dielectric layer 4 and the fifth dielectric layer 5 form an anisotropic super surface which can switch polarization, abnormally reflect cross-polarized incoming waves to other angles and transmit co-polarized waves. The anisotropic wave absorber and the anisotropic super surface form a hybrid super surface with switchable polarization.
3 x 3 of first rectangular metal patches 6 are printed on the first medium layer 1, and a metal ground 14 is seamlessly printed below the first medium layer 1; the first rectangular metal patch 6, the first dielectric layer 1 and the metal ground 14 are penetrated by a plurality of coaxial metal feed columns. 18 first rotatable metal grids 7 with the lengths of 45mm and the widths of 1.2mm are printed below the second medium layer 2, so that the function of switchable polarization is realized; 6-6 patch units are printed on the third dielectric layer 3, and each patch unit comprises a square metal patch 8, four second rectangular metal patches 9 and four lumped resistors 10; 9 second rotatable metal grids 11 with the length of 45mm and the width of 3.5mm are printed below the fourth medium layer 4, so that the function of switchable polarization is realized; a first metal patch unit 12 and a second metal patch unit 13 which are arranged on a chessboard are printed above the fourth medium layer 4, and coherent cancellation is realized through reflection phase difference so as to achieve the purpose of reducing RCS; a first metal patch unit 12 and a second metal patch unit 13 which are arranged on the same chessboard as the fourth medium layer 4 are printed on the fifth medium layer 5. 3 x 3 first rectangular metal patches 6 printed on the first dielectric layer 1, which have 3 x 3 corresponding feed points, are arranged below the first dielectric layer 1 in a 3 x 3 manner.
As shown in fig. 2, the first dielectric layer 1 has a size of 50mm x 0.254mm, is a Rogers 5880 material, has a dielectric constant of 2.2, and has a loss tangent of 0.0009; the second dielectric layer 2 and the third dielectric layer 3 are equal in size and same in material, the dielectric layers are 45mm x 0.8mm and made of FR4 material, the dielectric constant is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02; the fourth dielectric layer 4 and the fifth dielectric layer 5 are equal in size and are made of the same material, wherein the dielectric layers are made of Arlon AD430 materials and are 45mm x 1.2mm in size, the dielectric constant is 4.3, and the loss tangent is 0.003. The height h between the first dielectric layer 1 and the second dielectric layer 2115.546 mm; height h of the second dielectric layer 2 from the third dielectric layer 32Is 1.4 mm; height h of third dielectric layer 3 from fourth dielectric layer 43Is 0.2 mm; the fourth dielectric layer 4 is tightly attached to the fifth dielectric layer 5.
As shown in fig. 3, 3 × 3 first rectangular metal patches 6 are printed on the first dielectric layer 1, the size of each first rectangular metal patch 6 is 8.47mm × 7mm, and the patch spacing is 17.3 mm;
as shown in fig. 4, the four second rectangular metal patches 9 are symmetrically distributed outside four sides of the square metal patch 8 with the square metal patch 8 as the center, and the narrower side of the second rectangular metal patch 9 is opposite to the side length of the square metal patch 8. The four lumped resistors 10 are respectively arranged between the square metal patch 8 and the second rectangular metal patch 9 and used for connecting the square metal patch 8 and the second rectangular metal patch 9. The size of the square metal patch 8 is 1.4mm by 1.4 mm; the second rectangular metal patch 9 has a size of 0.6mm by 1.4 mm; the lumped resistor 10 has a resistance of 80 omega.
As shown in fig. 5, the center of the first metal patch unit 12 is a square, four isosceles trapezoids with the same size are symmetrically arranged around the center, and the upper bottom of each isosceles trapezoid is equal to the side length of the square; the second metal patch unit 13 is formed by adjusting the structure of the first metal patch unit 12, and the length of the lower bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is changed, so that the two units have a reflection phase difference. The first metal patch units 12 and the second metal patch units 13 are distributed in a 3 x 3 manner to form patch unit groups, and the patch unit groups formed by the first metal patch units 12 and the patch unit groups formed by the second metal patch units 13 are staggered in a 3 x 3 manner.
The hybrid super surface units described above were each subjected to simulation calculations by commercial software HFSS 15.0.
Referring to the simulation results of fig. 6, as shown in fig. 6(a), the absorption rates of the anisotropic wave absorber unit composed of the second and third dielectric layers 2 and 3, the first rotatable metal grid 7, the square metal patches 8, the second rectangular metal patches 9 and the impedance structures 10 for different polarized waves are shown. For co-polarized waves, the wave absorbing rate at the resonance frequency point of the antenna array at 14.2GHz is only 24.5%, and for cross-polarized waves, the wave absorbing rate exceeds 90% as a standard, and the frequency band of the cross-polarized waves absorbed by the anisotropic wave absorber unit is a wide frequency band of 12-15.5 GHz; as shown in FIG. 6(b), the transmission coefficients of the anisotropic wave absorber unit for different polarized waves are determined, the transmission coefficient is greater than or equal to-3 dB for co-polarized waves, the wave absorber can transmit co-polarized electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency band of 12-15.6GHz, and the transmission coefficients are all below-27 dB for cross-polarized waves.
Referring to the simulation results of fig. 7, as shown in fig. 7(a), the reflection phase difference of the anisotropic super surface unit composed of the fourth and fifth dielectric layers 4 and 5 and the second rotatable metal grid 11, the first metal patch unit 12 and the second metal patch unit 13 with respect to the cross polarized wave is shown. The bandwidth of the phase difference of the two super-surface units formed by the first metal patch unit 12 and the second metal patch unit 13 within the range of 180 degrees +/-37 degrees is 12-14.53GHz, so that the anisotropic super-surface can realize effective RCS reduction in the in-band and out-of-band of the antenna array operation; as shown in fig. 7(b), the transmission coefficient of the anisotropic super-surface to the co-polarized wave is shown, the frequency bands of the two super-surface units which use ≧ 3dB as the standard and can transmit the co-polarized wave are 12.2-16GHz and 12-15.88GHz, respectively, and when the antenna array operates at 14.2GHz, the anisotropic super-surface can transmit the electromagnetic wave radiated by the antenna.
Referring to the simulation results of fig. 8, fig. 8 is the result of simulation calculations performed for a reference antenna array and loading of the proposed polarization switchable hybrid super-surface radiation in the frequency band of 12-16 GHz. As shown in FIG. 8(a), the reference antenna and the proposed antenna both work at 14.2GHz, the resonance frequency point is unchanged, and the antenna array work bandwidth is basically kept consistent by taking the reflection coefficient less than or equal to-10 dB as a standard. As shown in fig. 8(b), which is a comparison of the gain of the reference antenna with that of the proposed antenna, the maximum gain at the resonance frequency point is 17.8 and 12.5dB, respectively, and the maximum radiation direction is also substantially uniform.
Referring to the simulation results of fig. 9, fig. 9 is the result of simulation calculations performed on a reference antenna array and loading the proposed polarization switchable hybrid super-surface scattering in the frequency band of 12-16 GHz. To achieve in-band out-of-band co-polarization and cross-polarization RCS reduction when the antenna is not in operation, said first rotatable metal grid 7 is rotated by 90 °. As shown in fig. 9(a), the maximum RCS reduction of the single station is 13.7dB, and the RCS reduction at 14.2GHz is 9.7dB, when the reference antenna and the proposed antenna are irradiated by the co-polarized incident wave; as shown in FIG. 9(b), the reference antenna and the proposed antenna have a comparison of single-station RCS and RCS reduction results when the cross-polarized incident wave is irradiated, the maximum RCS reduction value of the single-station RCS is 19.97dB, and the RCS reduction value at the working frequency point of 14.2GHz is 10.7 dB. Simulation shows that the polarization switchable hybrid super-surface can reduce RCS of the antenna and realize stealth of the antenna while ensuring radiation of the antenna.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A low-RCS patch antenna array based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface is characterized by comprising a first dielectric layer (1), a second dielectric layer (2), a third dielectric layer (3), a fourth dielectric layer (4) and a fifth dielectric layer (5) which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top;
3 x 3 of first rectangular metal patches (6) are printed on the first dielectric layer (1), and a metal ground (14) is seamlessly printed below the first dielectric layer (1); 18 first rotatable metal grids (7) are printed below the second medium layer (2); 6-6 patch units are printed above the third dielectric layer (3), and each patch unit comprises a square metal patch (8), four second rectangular metal patches (9) and four lumped resistors (10); 9 second rotatable metal grids (11) are printed below the fourth medium layer (4), and a first metal patch unit (12) and a second metal patch unit (13) which are arranged on a chessboard are printed above the fourth medium layer (4); a first metal patch unit (12) and a second metal patch unit (13) which are arranged on the same chessboard as the fourth medium layer (4) are printed on the fifth medium layer (5);
The four second rectangular metal patches (9) are symmetrically distributed on the outer sides of the four sides of the square metal patch (8) by taking the square metal patch (8) as the center, and the narrower side of each second rectangular metal patch (9) is opposite to the side length of the square metal patch (8);
the four lumped resistors (10) are respectively arranged between the square metal patch (8) and the second rectangular metal patch (9) and used for connecting the square metal patch (8) and the second rectangular metal patch (9).
2. The polarization switchable hybrid super-surface based low RCS patch antenna array according to claim 1, wherein the first rectangular metal patch (6), first dielectric layer (1) and metal ground (14) are perforated by a plurality of coaxial metal feed posts.
3. The low RCS patch antenna array based on a polarization switchable hybrid super surface of claim 1, wherein the center of the first metal patch element (12) is a square, and four sides of the square are respectively provided with an isosceles trapezoid, the four isosceles trapezoids are equal in size, and the upper base of the isosceles trapezoid is opposite to the side of the square; the upper bottom of the isosceles trapezoid is equal to the side length of the square; changing the length of the lower bottom of the middle waist trapezoid in the first metal patch unit (12) to obtain a second metal patch unit (13);
The first metal patch units (12) and the second metal patch units (13) are distributed in a 3 x 3 mode in a chessboard mode to form patch unit groups respectively, and the patch unit groups formed by the first metal patch units (12) and the patch unit groups formed by the second metal patch units (13) are arranged in a 3 x 3 mode in a staggered mode.
4. The polarization switchable hybrid super-surface based low RCS patch antenna array of claim 1,
the first dielectric layer (1) has the size of 50mm x 0.254mm, is made of Rogers 5880 material, has the dielectric constant of 2.2 and has the loss tangent of 0.0009;
the second dielectric layer (2) and the third dielectric layer (3) are equal in size and are made of the same material, the dielectric layers are 45mm x 0.8mm and made of FR4 material, the dielectric constant is 4.4, and the loss tangent is 0.02;
the fourth dielectric layer (4) and the fifth dielectric layer (5) are equal in size and are made of the same material, wherein the dielectric layers are 45mm x 1.2mm and are made of Arlon AD430 material, the dielectric constant is 4.3, and the loss tangent is 0.003.
5. The polarization switchable hybrid super-surface based low RCS patch antenna array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height h of the first dielectric layer (1) from the second dielectric layer (2) 115.546 mm; the height h of the second dielectric layer (2) from the third dielectric layer (3)2Is 1.4 mm; the height h between the third dielectric layer (3) and the fourth dielectric layer (4)3Is 0.2 mm; the fourth dielectric layer (4) is tightly attached to the fifth dielectric layer (5).
6. The polarization switchable hybrid super surface based low RCS patch antenna array according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rectangular metal patches (6) have dimensions of 8.47mm by 7mm with a patch pitch of 17.3 mm; the first rotatable metal grid (7) has a length of 45mm and a width of 1.2 mm; the second rotatable metal grid (11) has a length of 45mm and a width of 3.5 mm; the size of the square metal patch (8) is 1.4mm by 1.4 mm; the second rectangular metal patch (9) has dimensions of 0.6mm by 1.4 mm; the resistance value of the lumped resistor (10) is 80 omega.
7. The low RCS patch antenna array based on polarization switchable hybrid super surface of claim 1, characterized in that 3 x 3 first rectangular metal patches (6) printed on the first dielectric layer (1) have 3 x 3 feeding points, respectively, arranged in a 3 x 3 manner under the first dielectric layer (1).
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| CN113922101B (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-11-29 | 西安电子科技大学 | Wide-angle RCS (radar cross section) shrinkage reduction super surface based on radar wave absorption and scattering cancellation technology |
| CN114498047B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2023-03-28 | 西安电子科技大学 | Broadband low-RCS (radar cross section) super-surface structure based on scattering and absorption synergistic effect |
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