CN112736439A - Antenna, antenna module and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Antenna, antenna module and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112736439A CN112736439A CN202011544693.2A CN202011544693A CN112736439A CN 112736439 A CN112736439 A CN 112736439A CN 202011544693 A CN202011544693 A CN 202011544693A CN 112736439 A CN112736439 A CN 112736439A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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Abstract
The application provides an antenna, an antenna assembly and an electronic device. The antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiator and a feed portion. The radiator is arranged on the medium substrate and provided with a hollow part, the size of the hollow part in a first direction is different from that of the hollow part in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are both extension directions of the hollow part; the feed portion penetrates through the radiator at least partially, and the radiator is used for generating a resonance mode along at least a first direction and a resonance mode along a second direction under the action of an excitation signal fed by the feed portion. The antenna assembly comprises at least three of said antennas. The electronic equipment comprises the antenna or the antenna assembly. The antenna provided by the application can be widened in bandwidth and radiation efficiency is improved, and the antenna assembly and the electronic equipment can be used for detecting the arrival angle.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to an antenna, an antenna assembly and electronic equipment.
Background
Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in electronic devices with communication capabilities due to their light weight, thinness, and low cost. However, due to the light and thin design of the electronic device, the reserved antenna clearance area is smaller and smaller, which results in lower radiation efficiency and narrower impedance bandwidth of the antenna. Therefore, how to widen the bandwidth of the antenna and improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna becomes a technical problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an antenna, an antenna assembly and electronic equipment capable of widening bandwidth and improving radiation efficiency of the antenna.
In one aspect, the present application provides an antenna comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the radiator is arranged on the medium substrate and provided with a hollow part, the size of the hollow part in a first direction is different from that of the hollow part in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are both extension directions of the hollow part; and
the feed portion at least partially penetrates through the radiator, and the radiator is used for generating a resonant mode at least along the first direction and a resonant mode along the second direction under the action of an excitation signal fed by the feed portion.
On the other hand, this application still provides an antenna module, include the antenna, the quantity of antenna is at least three, at least two the radiator of antenna is arranged in along the third direction in the dielectric substrate, at least two the radiator of antenna is arranged in along the fourth direction in the dielectric substrate, the third direction with the fourth direction is perpendicular.
In yet another aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device including the antenna, or the electronic device including the antenna assembly.
The radiating body is provided with the hollow part to change the structure of the radiating body, so that the radiating body can generate a resonance mode at least along the first direction of the hollow part and a resonance mode along the second direction of the hollow part under the action of an excitation signal fed by the feed part, and the size of the hollow part in the first direction is different from that of the hollow part in the second direction, so that the resonance frequency corresponding to the resonance mode along the first direction and the resonance mode along the second direction generated by the radiating body are different, and the frequency bands covered by the two resonance modes are overlapped to form the working frequency band of the antenna, so that the bandwidth of the antenna is widened, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a housing of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the electronic device of FIG. 1 with an antenna assembly disposed in the housing;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the antenna assembly of the electronic device shown in fig. 1, which is disposed on a main board;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an antenna in the antenna assembly of the electronic device shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a side schematic view of the antenna shown in FIG. 5;
fig. 7 is a schematic plan view of a radiator of the antenna shown in fig. 5, the radiator having a hollow portion;
fig. 8 is a schematic plan view of the radiator of the antenna of fig. 5 provided with a feed;
FIG. 9 is a schematic plan view of the opening shown in FIG. 7 at the edge;
FIG. 10 is a schematic plan view of the feed section of FIG. 8 disposed between a first orientation and a second orientation;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the return loss characteristics of the antenna shown in FIG. 10;
fig. 12 is a graph of the radiation efficiency and system efficiency characteristics of the antenna shown in fig. 10;
fig. 13 is a radiation pattern of the antenna shown in fig. 10;
fig. 14 is a side schematic view of the antenna of fig. 10 provided with a feed transmission line;
fig. 15 is a side schematic view of the feed transmission line of fig. 14 coupled to a radiator;
fig. 16 is another side view of the feeder transmission line of fig. 14 coupled to a radiator;
fig. 17 is a schematic plan view of another antenna assembly provided by embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 18 is a plan view of the antenna assembly of FIG. 17 with a connector;
fig. 19 is a plan view of the antenna assembly of fig. 17 with four radiators;
fig. 20 is a schematic plan view of another electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 21 is a schematic plan view of an antenna assembly of the electronic device of fig. 17 provided with four radiators.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, the electronic device 100 may be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, an e-reader, a palm computer, a notebook computer, a mobile internet device, a wearable device (e.g., a watch, a bracelet), and other devices with a communication function. The embodiment of the present application takes a mobile phone as an example for explanation. The electronic device 100 includes an antenna assembly 1, a main board 2, and a housing 3.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the housing 3 includes a middle frame 31 and a rear cover 32 that are fixedly connected or integrally formed. The middle frame 31 and the rear cover 32 enclose a housing space 30. The main board 2 and the antenna assembly 1 are accommodated in the accommodating space 30. The middle frame 31 may be a metal middle frame, an alloy middle frame, a stainless steel middle frame, a liquid metal middle frame, or the like. The rear cover 32 may be a glass rear cover, a ceramic rear cover, a plastic rear cover, a metal rear cover, or the like.
As shown in fig. 3, the antenna assembly 1 includes a support 11 and an antenna 10. In one embodiment, at least part of the antenna component 1 is provided in the housing 3. Specifically, the bracket 11 is fixedly connected to the middle frame 31 and/or the rear cover 32. The bracket 11 is used to fix the antenna 10 in the accommodating space 30 and to make the antenna 10 approach or attach to the middle frame 31 and/or the rear cover 32. The antenna 10 transceives antenna signals through the middle frame 31 and/or the rear cover 32. In one embodiment, the antenna 10 transmits and receives antenna signals through the middle frame 31. In this case, a gap may be disposed in a region of the middle frame 31 corresponding to the antenna 10 to reduce interference when the metal pair antenna 10 transmits and receives the antenna signal. In another embodiment, the antenna 10 transmits and receives the antenna signal through the rear cover 32, in this case, the material of the rear cover 32 may be a non-metal material, or a gap is provided in a region corresponding to the antenna 10 of the rear cover 32, so as to reduce interference of metal to the antenna 10 when transmitting and receiving the antenna signal. In still another embodiment, the antenna 10 transmits and receives antenna signals through the middle frame 31 and the rear cover 32. At this time, the material of the middle frame 31 and the material of the back cover 32 can be both selected to be non-metal material; or, the middle frame 31 is made of a metal material, a gap is formed in a region of the middle frame 31 corresponding to the antenna 10, and the rear cover 32 is made of a non-metal material.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, at least part of the antenna assembly 1 is provided on the main board 2. Specifically, the bracket 11 is provided on the main board 2. The antenna 10 is arranged on the side of the bracket 11 facing away from the main board 2. In other words, the antenna 10 is fixed to the main board 2 by the bracket 11. The side of the antenna 10 facing away from the bracket 11 is close to the middle frame 31 or the rear cover 32 to transmit and receive antenna signals through the middle frame 31 or the rear cover 32.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna 10 according to an embodiment of the present application. The antenna 10 includes a dielectric substrate 101, a radiator 102, and a feeding unit 103.
Specifically, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the dielectric substrate 101 may be a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), which may be a hard Board, a soft Board, or a rigid-flex Board. The dielectric substrate 101 may be any one of a single-layer board, a double-layer board, and a multi-layer board. When the dielectric substrate 101 is a double-layer board or a multi-layer board, the dielectric substrate 101 may include a plurality of dielectric layers. The dielectric layer can be selected from epoxy layer, foam layer, etc. The dielectric constants of the dielectric layers may be the same or different. By selecting the dielectric layer with a lower dielectric constant to form the dielectric substrate 101, the attenuation of the dielectric substrate 101 to the antenna signal can be reduced, which is beneficial to increasing the bandwidth of the antenna 10. In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate 101 has a thickness of 0.1mm to 0.5 mm. By increasing the thickness of the dielectric substrate 101, the clearance of the antenna 10 is increased, the radiation efficiency of the antenna 10 is improved, and the bandwidth is widened. The dielectric substrate 101 includes first and second oppositely disposed surfaces 110 and 112.
The radiator 102 is a conductor patch, for example: metal patches, and the like. The radiator 102 is provided on the dielectric substrate 101. In one embodiment, the radiator 102 is disposed on the first surface 110 of the dielectric substrate 101. Optionally, the radiator 102 is formed on the first surface 110 of the dielectric substrate 101 by photolithography, printing, coating, and adhering. The radiator 102 has a hollow 120. It is understood that the hollow 120 is a slot penetrating the radiator 102 in the thickness direction of the antenna 10. The thickness direction of the antenna 10 is shown in the Z direction in the figure.
The size of the hollow portion 120 in the first direction is different from the size of the hollow portion 120 in the second direction. In an embodiment, referring to fig. 5 and 6, a size of the hollow portion 120 in the first direction is larger than a size of the hollow portion 120 in the second direction. Specifically, the first direction and the second direction are both extending directions of the hollow portion 120. In other words, the hollow portions 120 extend in the first direction and the second direction, respectively. The first direction refers to the Y-axis direction shown in fig. 5. The second direction is shown in the X-axis direction of FIG. 5. The first direction and the second direction form an XY plane, i.e., the plane of the radiator 102. The size of the hollow-out portion 120 in the first direction is larger than the size of the hollow-out portion 120 in the second direction. It is understood that the shape of the hollowed-out portion 120 is non-square, and the shape of the hollowed-out portion 120 is non-circular.
In the following embodiments, the first direction may refer to the Y-axis direction in the corresponding drawings. The second direction can refer to the X-axis direction in the corresponding figures, and will not be described in detail later.
The feeding portion 103 is an interface for connecting the radiator 102 to an external feed source (i.e., a radio frequency transceiver chip). The power feeding unit 103 is provided in the radiator 102. Optionally, the feeding portion 103 is a through hole, a blind hole, or the like that at least partially penetrates through the radiator 102. The number of the feeding portions 103 may be one or more. The plurality of feeding portions 103 are advantageous for realizing circular polarization by controlling the excitation signal fed by the feeding portion 103, thereby increasing the bandwidth of the antenna 10. The embodiment of the present application takes one feeding unit 103 as an example, and further solves how to improve the bandwidth of the antenna 10 in one feeding unit 103. The radiator 102 is configured to generate a resonant mode in at least a first direction and a resonant mode in a second direction by an excitation signal fed from the feeding portion 103. It can be understood that, since the hollow-out portion 120 is formed on the radiator 102, the original structure of the radiator 102 is changed, and therefore, the distribution of the surface current of the radiator 102 can be changed, so that the resonance mode in at least the first direction and the resonance mode in the second direction are generated by the excitation signal fed from the power feed portion 103 of the radiator 102. It can be understood that the radiator 102 has a surface current along the first direction and a surface current along the second direction respectively under the action of the excitation signal fed from the feeding portion 103. Since the size of the hollow portion 120 in the first direction is different from the size of the hollow portion 120 in the second direction, the radiator 102 has a first resonant frequency band when generating a resonant mode along the first direction. The radiator 102 has a second resonant frequency band when generating a resonant mode in the second direction. In other words, in the embodiment of the present application, after the hollow portion 220 is opened on the radiator 102, the operable frequency band of the radiator 102 is a total frequency band obtained by overlapping the first resonant frequency band and the second resonant frequency band. It will be appreciated that by providing the radiator 102 with multiple operating bands, the bandwidth of the antenna 10 can be correspondingly broadened, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna 10 can be improved.
By providing the hollow portion 120 in the radiator 102, the radiator 102 can generate a resonant mode at least along the first direction and a resonant mode along the second direction under the action of an excitation signal fed by the feeding portion 103, and since the size of the hollow portion 120 in the first direction is different from the size of the hollow portion 120 in the second direction, the resonant frequency corresponding to the resonant mode generated by the radiator 102 along the first direction and the resonant mode along the second direction is different, so that the frequency bands covered by the antenna 10 in the two resonant modes are overlapped, the bandwidth of the antenna 10 can be widened, and the radiation efficiency of the antenna 10 can be improved.
The first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiator 102 and/or the second direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiator 102. The thickness direction of the radiator 102 is perpendicular to the orthogonal projection of the radiator 102 on the dielectric substrate 101. It is understood that the thickness direction of the radiator 102 is the Z-axis direction in the drawing. In other words, the thickness direction of the radiator 102 is the thickness direction of the antenna 10.
Optionally, an included angle between the first direction and the second direction is 80 ° to 100 °.
The following embodiments are described taking as an example that the first direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiator 102 and the second direction is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the radiator 102.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction. By making the first direction perpendicular to the second direction, the resonant mode in the first direction and the resonant mode in the second direction generated by the radiator 102 are orthogonal polarization modes under the action of the excitation signal fed from the feeding portion 103. In other words, the resonant mode in the first direction and the resonant mode in the second direction are perpendicular to each other, equal in amplitude, and 90 ° out of phase. The two degenerate modes of radiation orthogonal polarization operate to achieve circular polarization to broaden the bandwidth of the antenna 10.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 7, an angle between a connection line between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 with respect to the first direction is less than 90 °, and an angle between a connection line between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 with respect to the second direction is less than 90 °. It can be understood that the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, and if an angle between a connection line between the geometric center of the feeding portion 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 and the first direction is a first angle, and if an angle between a connection line between the geometric center of the feeding portion 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 and the second direction is a second angle, the first angle and the second angle are complementary to each other. Wherein a geometric center is to be understood as the center of the geometric shape. The geometric center of the radiator 102 is shown with reference to point N in the figure. In one embodiment, the radiator 102 is circular, and the geometric center of the radiator 102 is the center of the radiator 102. The power feeding unit 103 is circular, and the geometric center of the power feeding unit 103 is the center of the power feeding unit 103. A connection line between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 is a connection line between the center of the feed 103 and the center of the radiator 102. A connection line between the center of the feed 103 and the center of the radiator 102 may refer to an M line in the drawing.
By making the angle between the line M connecting the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 smaller than 90 ° with respect to the first direction, the resonant component of the first direction is formed at the geometric center of the radiator 102. Since the geometric center of the radiator 102 is the feeding center of the antenna 10, the feeding loss in the first direction can be reduced, and the efficiency of the antenna signal can be improved. In addition, when the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, an angle between a connection line M between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 with respect to the first direction is smaller than 90 °, and an angle between the connection line M between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 with respect to the second direction is also smaller than 90 °, and at this time, a resonance component in the second direction can also be formed at the geometric center of the radiator 102. Therefore, the feeding loss in the first direction and the feeding loss in the second direction can be reduced, and the efficiency of the antenna signal can be further improved. In addition, in the present embodiment, there is no need to change the structures of the radiator 102 and the feeding portion 103, and to add other antenna components, which facilitates the production and processing and reduces the cost.
In the following embodiments, the geometric center of the radiator 102 can be shown by referring to the N point in the corresponding drawing. The connection line between the geometric center of the feeding portion 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 can refer to the line M in the corresponding drawings, and will not be described in detail later.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 8, an angle between a connection line M between the geometric center of the feeding portion 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 is 40 ° to 50 ° with respect to the first direction. Since the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other, a line M connecting the geometric center of the feeding portion 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 forms an angle of-50 ° to-40 ° with respect to the second direction. By making the angle between the connection line M between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 relative to the first direction be 40 to 50 degrees and making the angle between the connection line M between the geometric center of the feed 103 and the geometric center of the radiator 102 relative to the second direction be-50 to-40 degrees, the radiator 102 can receive and transmit orthogonal antenna signals in the +45 and-45 polarization directions, thereby reducing polarization loss and accurately receiving and transmitting antenna signals.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 8, the radiator 102 includes an inner peripheral edge and an outer peripheral edge, the inner peripheral edge surrounds the hollow portion 120, and the outer peripheral edge surrounds the inner peripheral edge. In other words, the radiator 102 surrounds the hollow portion 120 and forms two ends of the hollow portion 120 along the first direction and two ends of the hollow portion 120 along the second direction. The radiator 102 surrounds the hollow portion 120, two ends of the hollow portion 120 along the first direction are located in the radiator 102, and two ends of the hollow portion 120 along the second direction are located in the radiator 102. It is understood that the hollow 120 is disposed in the middle of the radiator 102. Of course, in other embodiments, as shown in fig. 9, the hollow-out portion 120 may be disposed at the edge of the radiator 102.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the geometric center of the hollow-out portion 120 coincides with the geometric center of the radiator 102. In one embodiment, the hollow portion 120 is rectangular. The geometric center of the hollow-out portion 120 is the intersection point of the diagonal lines of the rectangle. The geometric center of the hollow-out portion 120 coincides with the geometric center of the radiator 102, that is, the intersection point of the diagonal lines of the rectangular hollow-out portion 120 coincides with the center of the radiator 102.
By making the geometric center of the hollow-out portion 120 coincide with the geometric center of the radiator 102, so that the two side portions of the geometric center of the radiator 102 are symmetrical, the current on the radiator 102 can be distributed symmetrically, thereby making the radiator 102 radiate symmetrically. In addition, the geometric center of the circular radiator 102 coincides with the geometric center of the hollow 120, and the effective radius of the antenna 10 is increased, so that the effective relative dielectric constant of the antenna 10 is reduced, thereby enabling the antenna 10 to have good characteristics in terms of gain, radiation, bandwidth, return loss, and the like. Further, the geometric center of the circular radiator 102 may coincide with the geometric center of the dielectric substrate 101, and in the same way, the whole antenna 10 has better symmetry and good characteristics in terms of gain, radiation, bandwidth, return loss, and the like. In addition, when the geometric center of the dielectric substrate 101, the geometric center of the radiator 102, and the geometric center of the hollow portion 120 are all coincident, it is beneficial to reduce the difficulty of the processing process.
Optionally, the hollow-out portion 120 includes at least one of a rectangle, an ellipse, a triangle, a trapezoid, a U-shape, an L-shape, a V-shape, an E-shape, and an I-shape. When the hollow portion 120 is rectangular, the first direction may be a length direction of the hollow portion 120, and the second direction may be a width direction of the hollow portion 120. When the hollow portion 120 is elliptical, the first direction may be a long axis direction of the hollow portion 120, and the second direction may be a short axis direction of the hollow portion 120. When the hollow portion 120 is triangular, the first direction and the second direction may be two side lengths of the triangular hollow portion 120, respectively. When the hollow portion 120 is trapezoidal, the first direction and the second direction may be a base direction and a waist direction of the trapezoidal hollow portion 120, respectively. When the hollow portion 120 is U-shaped, L-shaped, V-shaped, E-shaped, or I-shaped, the first direction may be a length extending direction of the hollow portion 120, and the second direction may be a width extending direction of the hollow portion 120. By arranging the hollow-out portion 120 to include at least one of a rectangle, an ellipse, a triangle, a trapezoid, a U-shape, an L-shape, a V-shape, an E-shape, and an I-shape, the current distribution of the radiator 102 can be changed at the periphery of the hollow-out portion 120, so as to disturb the operating mode of the antenna 10, and enable the radiator 102 to generate at least two resonances along the first direction and the second direction, respectively. In addition, the resonant frequency of the radiator 102 can be adjusted by adjusting the size of the hollow-out portion 120.
Optionally, the radiator 102 includes at least one of a rectangle, a circle, a square, a hexagon, and a triangle. In comparison with other radiators 102, the hexagonal radiator 102 has a slow edge angle change, so that the current flowing on the surface of the patch is more gradual, and thus a desired resonant mode can be generated near the geometric center of the radiator 102 to widen the bandwidth. The radiators 102, which are rectangular, circular, square, and triangular, are easy to manufacture.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 10, the radiator 102 is circular and has a radius of 5.9 mm. The hollow portion 120 is rectangular, the size of the hollow portion 120 along the first direction is 4.6mm, and the size of the hollow portion 120 along the second direction is 1mm, that is, the size of the hollow portion 120 in the first direction is different from the size in the second direction. The feed 103 has a geometric center that is 2.3mm from the geometric center of the radiator 102. The geometric center of the hollow-out portion 120, the geometric center of the radiator 102, and the geometric center of the dielectric substrate 101 coincide with each other. As shown in fig. 11, the antenna 10 provided in the present embodiment has two adjacent circularly polarized resonance points (6.4GHz and 6.7GHz), that is, the frequency band with the return loss S11 smaller than-10 dB includes two frequency bands (the frequency band covering 6.4GHz and the frequency band covering 6.7GHz), and the center frequency of the currently mainstream UWB antenna is 6.5GHz between the two frequency bands. In addition, compared with the current mainstream UWB antenna bandwidth requirement of 500MHz or more, in the present embodiment, the bandwidth between point 1 and point 2 in fig. 11 is approximately 600MHz or more, and the current mainstream UWB antenna bandwidth requirement is satisfied. As shown in fig. 12, curve 1 in fig. 12 is a radiation efficiency curve of the antenna, and curve 2 is a system efficiency curve of the antenna. The system efficiency of the antenna 10 is-1.6 dB at 6.5GHz, the radiation efficiency is-1.2 dB at 6.5GHz, and the radiation performance is improved. As shown in fig. 13, fig. 13 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna 10 at 6.5GHz, and the radiation characteristic of the antenna 10 is stable within the impedance bandwidth.
Further, as shown in fig. 14, the antenna 10 further includes a ground plate 104 and a feed transmission line 105. The ground plate 104 is disposed on a side of the dielectric substrate 101 facing away from the radiator 102. The ground plate 104 may be formed by photolithography, printing, coating, attaching, and the like. One end of the feed transmission line 105 is used for electrically connecting the radio frequency transceiver chip 4. The other end of the feeding transmission line 105 is electrically connected or coupled to the feeding portion 103. The grounding plate 104 may be made of copper, silver, gold, or other metal.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 14, the dielectric substrate 101 is a single-layer plate. The radiator 102 is disposed on the first surface 110 of the dielectric substrate 101. The ground plate 104 is disposed on the second surface 112 of the dielectric substrate 101. One end of the feeding transmission line 105 is connected to the rf transceiver chip 4, and the other end of the feeding transmission line 105 penetrates the ground plate 104 and the dielectric substrate 101 to electrically connect the radiator 102. The feeding transmission line 105 may be a coaxial line, a microstrip line, or the like.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 15, the dielectric substrate 101 is a multilayer board. Such as: the dielectric substrate 101 includes a first dielectric layer 113 and a second dielectric layer 114 which are stacked. The side of the first dielectric layer 113 facing away from the second dielectric layer 114 forms the first surface 110 of the dielectric substrate 101. The side of the second dielectric layer 114 facing away from the first dielectric layer 113 forms the second surface 112 of the dielectric substrate 101. The radiator 102 is disposed on the first surface 110 of the dielectric substrate 101. The ground plate 104 is disposed on the second surface 112 of the dielectric substrate 101. The feed transmission line 105 is disposed between the first dielectric layer 113 and the second dielectric layer 114, and the feed transmission line 105 directly couples energy to the radiator 102 on the first dielectric substrate 101. Since the coupling feed is capacitive, the quality factor Q of the equivalent circuit of the antenna 10 can be changed, and therefore, the operating bandwidth of the antenna 10 can be improved. Of course, in other embodiments, the ground plate 104 may be disposed between the first dielectric layer 113 and the second dielectric layer 114, as shown in fig. 16. The ground plate 104 is provided with through holes 140. The feed transmission line 105 is provided on the second surface 112 of the dielectric substrate 101. The energy on the feed transmission line 105 is coupled and transferred to the radiator 102 through the via 140 provided on the ground plate 104.
In addition, as shown in fig. 17, the present embodiment also provides another antenna assembly 5. The antenna assembly 5 of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the antenna assembly 1 of the above-described embodiment, except that the number of radiators 102 is at least three. At least two radiators 102 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 101 along the third direction. At least two radiators 102 are arranged on the dielectric substrate 101 along the fourth direction. Wherein the third direction is perpendicular to the fourth direction.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 17, the number of the radiators 102 is three, which are respectively denoted as a first radiator 121, a second radiator 122 and a third radiator 123. The dielectric substrate 101 has a rectangular shape. The third direction refers to the direction R in the figure, and the fourth direction refers to the direction S in the figure. The first radiator 121 and the second radiator 122 are arranged along the R direction. The second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 are arranged in the S direction. In this embodiment, the third direction and the fourth direction are the side length directions of the dielectric substrate 101, respectively. When the antenna assembly 5 provided by the present embodiment is applied to the electronic device 100 (refer to fig. 1), the angle of arrival of the antenna signal received by the electronic device 100 may be obtained by detecting a phase difference between the first radiator 121 and the second radiator 122 and detecting a phase difference between the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123.
Further, as shown in fig. 18, the dielectric substrate 101 has a clearance area 115. A clearance area 115 is defined among the first radiator 121, the second radiator 122, and the third radiator 123. The antenna assembly 5 also includes a connector 106. The connector 106 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 101 and away from the radiator 102. The feeding transmission line 105 of the antenna 10 is disposed in the clearance area 115, one end of the feeding transmission line 105 is electrically connected to the connector 106, and the other end of the feeding transmission line 105 is electrically connected to the first radiator 121, the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123.
In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate 101 is L-shaped. In other words, the dielectric substrate 101 includes a first substrate 116 and a second substrate 117 perpendicular to each other. The first substrate 116 and the second substrate 117 may be integrally formed. The first radiator 121, the second radiator 122, and the third radiator 123 are disposed on the first substrate 116. The first radiator 121 and the second radiator 122 are far from the second substrate 117 along the S direction. The second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 are far from the second substrate 117 along the R direction. The connector 106 is disposed on an end of the second substrate 117 away from the first substrate 116. The clear area 115 is formed in the areas where the first radiator 121, the second radiator 122, and the third radiator 123 are not disposed on the surface of the second substrate 117 and the surface of the first substrate 116. The number of feed transmission lines 105 is the same as the number of radiators 102. In this embodiment, the number of the feed transmission lines 105 is three. The three feeding transmission lines 105 are disposed in the clearance area 115, and one ends of the three feeding transmission lines 105 extend to the connectors 106 and are electrically connected to the connectors 106 respectively. The other ends of the three feeding transmission lines 105 extend to the first radiator 121, the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 respectively, and are electrically connected to the feeding portions 103 on the first radiator 121, the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 respectively. The connector 106 may be a board-to-board connector 106, and the connector 106 is electrically connected to the main board 2 (see fig. 1) of the electronic device 100.
Optionally, the distance between the geometric centers of the at least two radiators 102 arranged along the third direction is less than or equal to one-half wavelength. The spacing between the geometric centers of at least two radiators 102 arranged along the fourth direction is less than or equal to one-half wavelength. The wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the radiator 102. In other words, the distance between the geometric center of the first radiator 121 and the geometric center of the second radiator 122 is less than or equal to one-half wavelength. The distance between the geometric center of the second radiator 122 and the geometric center of the third radiator 123 is less than or equal to one-half wavelength.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 19, the number of radiators 102 is four, and four radiators 102 are arranged diagonally in pairs. The four radiators 102 are respectively referred to as a first radiator 121, a second radiator 122, a third radiator 123 and a fourth radiator 124. The first radiator 121 and the second radiator 122 are diagonally disposed. The third radiator 123 and the fourth radiator 124 are diagonally disposed. In other words, the first radiator 121 and the third radiator 123 are arranged in the same direction, and the second radiator 122 and the fourth radiator 124 are arranged in the same direction. When the antenna assembly 5 provided in this embodiment is disposed in the electronic device 100 (see fig. 1), the first phase difference between the first radiator 121 and the third radiator 123 for receiving the antenna signal is detected, the second phase difference between the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 for receiving the antenna signal is detected, the third phase difference between the first radiator 121 and the fourth radiator 124 for receiving the antenna signal is detected, the fourth phase difference between the second radiator 122 and the fourth radiator 124 for receiving the antenna signal is detected, the first arrival angle of the electronic device 100 for receiving the antenna signal is obtained according to the first phase difference and the second phase difference, the second arrival angle of the electronic device 100 for receiving the antenna signal is obtained according to the third phase difference and the fourth phase difference, an average value of the first arrival angle and the second arrival angle is calculated, and the average value is determined as the arrival angle of the electronic device 100 for receiving the antenna signal, furthermore, the accuracy and precision of determining the angle of arrival of the antenna signal received by the electronic device 100 is improved.
In addition, as shown in fig. 20, another electronic device 200 is provided in the embodiment of the present application. The electronic device 200 of the present embodiment is substantially the same as the electronic device 200 of the previous embodiment, except that the electronic device 200 includes the antenna assembly 5 and the detection circuit 6 of the previous embodiment.
The detection circuit 6 is electrically connected to the radiators 102, the detection circuit 6 is configured to detect a first phase difference between at least two radiators 102 arranged in the third direction, and the detection circuit 6 is configured to detect a second phase difference between at least two radiators 102 arranged in the fourth direction, and determine an arrival angle of the electronic device 200 for receiving the antenna signal according to the first phase difference and the second phase difference.
In an embodiment, as shown in fig. 20, the detection circuit 6 is configured to detect a first phase difference between the first radiator 121 and the second radiator 122 for receiving the antenna signal, and detect a second phase difference between the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 for receiving the antenna signal, so as to obtain an angle of arrival of the antenna signal received by the detection electronic device 200.
In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 21, the detecting circuit 6 is configured to detect a first phase difference between the first radiator 121 and the third radiator 123 for receiving the antenna signal, and detect a second phase difference between the second radiator 122 and the third radiator 123 for receiving the antenna signal. In addition, the detection circuit 6 is further configured to detect a third phase difference between the first radiator 121 and the fourth radiator 124 for receiving the antenna signal, and detect a fourth phase difference between the second radiator 122 and the fourth radiator 124 for receiving the antenna signal. And a first arrival angle of the electronic device 200 for receiving the antenna signal is obtained according to the first phase difference and the second phase difference, a second arrival angle of the electronic device 200 for receiving the antenna signal is obtained according to the third phase difference and the fourth phase difference, an average value of the first arrival angle and the second arrival angle is calculated, the average value is determined to be the arrival angle of the electronic device 200 for receiving the antenna signal, and therefore, the precision and the accuracy for determining the arrival angle of the electronic device 200 for receiving the antenna signal are improved. The electronic device 200 provided by the embodiment of the application has a positioning function and is high in accuracy in indoor positioning.
The foregoing is a partial description of the present application, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present application, and these modifications and decorations are also regarded as the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (15)
1. An antenna, comprising:
a dielectric substrate;
the radiator is arranged on the medium substrate and provided with a hollow part, the size of the hollow part in a first direction is different from that of the hollow part in a second direction, and the first direction and the second direction are both extension directions of the hollow part; and
the feed portion at least partially penetrates through the radiator, and the radiator is used for generating a resonant mode at least along the first direction and a resonant mode along the second direction under the action of an excitation signal fed by the feed portion.
2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the radiator and/or the second direction is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the radiator, the thickness direction of the radiator being along a direction perpendicular to an orthographic projection of the radiator on the dielectric substrate.
3. The antenna of claim 1, wherein an angle between the first direction and the second direction is 80 ° to 100 °.
4. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first direction is perpendicular to the second direction.
5. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an angle between a connection line between the geometric center of the feed and the geometric center of the radiator and the first direction is less than 90 °, and an angle between the connection line and the second direction is less than 90 °.
6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the angle between the connection line and the first direction is 40 ° to 50 °.
7. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the radiator includes an inner peripheral edge and an outer peripheral edge, the inner peripheral edge surrounds the hollow portion, and the outer peripheral edge surrounds the inner peripheral edge.
8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein a geometric center of the opening coincides with a geometric center of the radiator.
9. The antenna of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the shape of the hollowed-out portion comprises at least one of a rectangle, an ellipse, a triangle, a trapezoid, a U-shape, an L-shape, a V-shape, an E-shape, and an I-shape.
10. An antenna assembly comprising the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the number of the antennas is at least three, at least two radiators of the antenna are arranged on the dielectric substrate along a third direction, at least two radiators of the antenna are arranged on the dielectric substrate along a fourth direction, and the third direction is perpendicular to the fourth direction.
11. The antenna assembly of claim 10, further comprising a connector disposed on the dielectric substrate and distal from the radiator, and a feed transmission line having one end electrically connected to the connector and another end electrically connected to the radiator.
12. The antenna assembly according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the distance between the geometric centers of two adjacent radiators arranged in the third direction is less than or equal to one-half wavelength, and the distance between the geometric centers of two adjacent radiators arranged in the fourth direction is less than or equal to one-half wavelength, wherein the wavelength corresponds to the operating frequency of the radiators.
13. The antenna assembly according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the number of radiators is four, and four radiators are arranged diagonally in pairs.
14. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises an antenna according to any of claims 1 to 9, or the electronic device comprises an antenna assembly according to any of claims 10 to 13.
15. The electronic device of claim 14, wherein the number of the antennas is at least three, and the electronic device further comprises a detection circuit, the detection circuit electrically connects at least three of the antennas, and the detection circuit is configured to detect phases of antenna signals received by at least three of the antennas respectively, and determine an angle of arrival of the antenna signals received by the electronic device according to the phases.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011544693.2A CN112736439A (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Antenna, antenna module and electronic equipment |
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| CN202011544693.2A CN112736439A (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Antenna, antenna module and electronic equipment |
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| CN112736439A true CN112736439A (en) | 2021-04-30 |
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