CN112736407A - Transparent antenna for intelligent glass of automobile - Google Patents
Transparent antenna for intelligent glass of automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112736407A CN112736407A CN202011512737.3A CN202011512737A CN112736407A CN 112736407 A CN112736407 A CN 112736407A CN 202011512737 A CN202011512737 A CN 202011512737A CN 112736407 A CN112736407 A CN 112736407A
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- 239000004984 smart glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- YTCQFLFGFXZUSN-BAQGIRSFSA-N microline Chemical group OC12OC3(C)COC2(O)C(C(/Cl)=C/C)=CC(=O)C21C3C2 YTCQFLFGFXZUSN-BAQGIRSFSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
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- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical group [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
- H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
Landscapes
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The present disclosure relates to a transparent antenna for automotive smart glass, comprising: the ground patch and the radiation patch and the spacing edge strip arranged between the two patches, wherein the ground patch adopts a micro-wire structure, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-wire of the micro-wire structure along each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space interval between two connected micro-wires is such that the transparency of the glass is not less than 38%.
Description
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communication applications, and more particularly, to a transparent antenna for smart glass of an automobile capable of adapting to an autonomous driving automobile.
Background
Wireless systems in today's 5G scenarios (autonomous driving) are striving to achieve performance and system integration. Especially for Automated Driving (AD) of V2X (vehicle to aircraft) applications, communication over the AD forms the number of radios that need to be supported, and especially for associated antennas at ultra high frequencies (EHF) from 6GHz (or 10GHz) to 400GHz is also increasing. The millimeter waves currently used for 5G applications require multi-band antenna designs, which present design challenges. Typically, the antenna is hidden in the vehicle body, which introduces RFI (radio frequency interference) problems.
Therefore, there is a need to integrate a transparent antenna in the glass of a smart glass of an automobile, so as to provide a multiband millimeter wave antenna for an autonomous automobile without affecting the light transmittance of the glass itself.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve one of the above problems, the present disclosure integrates a part or all of the entire antenna radiation structure of the antenna with the automotive glass region, including the outline of the radome on the automotive windshield for millimeter wave communication and the window region. In this way, the transparent antenna is embedded in the body of the automotive glazing without compromising the optical quality of the automotive glazing. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a transparent antenna for an automotive smart glass, comprising: the ground patch and the radiation patch and the spacing edge strip arranged between the two patches, wherein the ground patch adopts a micro-wire structure, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-wire of the micro-wire structure along each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space interval between two connected micro-wires is such that the transparency of the glass is not less than 38%.
The transparent antenna for the intelligent glass of the automobile is characterized in that the radiation patch adopts a micro-line structure corresponding to the micro-line structure adopted by the ground patch, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-line of each direction in two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space interval between two connected micro-lines is such that the transparency of the glass is not less than 38%.
According to the transparent antenna for the intelligent glass of the automobile, the spacing strips are arranged on two sides of the radiation patch and used for increasing the bandwidth of the antenna, the spacing strips adopt micro-line structures which are structurally corresponding to micro-lines adopted by the ground patch, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-line in each direction of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space distance between two connected micro-lines enables the transparency of the glass to be not less than 38%.
The transparent antenna for the smart glass of the automobile according to the present disclosure, wherein the micro-wire of the micro-wire structure is a copper wire having a size of 0.2 to 6 micrometers in a thickness direction of the glass.
The transparent antenna for the smart glass of the automobile according to the present disclosure, wherein each micro-line of the micro-line structure along each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass occupies a distance of 40 micrometers, and a spatial interval between two connected micro-lines is 60 micrometers.
The automobile smart glass comprises a conductive metal oxide thin film layer and electric conductors of the micro-wire structure, wherein the electric conductors are uniformly distributed in the whole range of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer, the size of the electric conductors in the thickness direction of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer is smaller than the thickness of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer, and the distance between any two adjacent electric conductors enables the energy gap between the two electric conductors to be larger than 2.5 eV.
The transparent antenna for the intelligent glass of the automobile is characterized in that the cross section of the electric conductor along the horizontal extension direction of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer is square, circular or oval.
The transparent antenna for the intelligent glass of the automobile is characterized in that the conductive body is in a grid-shaped structure or a stripe-shaped structure along the extending direction perpendicular to the conductive metal oxide thin film layer.
According to the transparent antenna for the intelligent glass of the automobile, the electric conductor is made of copper and is in a grid structure, and the material of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer is indium tin oxide.
With the transparent antenna for automotive smart glass of the present disclosure, since the profile around the peripheral area of the glass is less affected by the vehicle body, RFI (radio frequency interference) can be eliminated, and there is sufficient space for antenna design. On the other hand, since the antenna for millimeter wave communication is packaged in the outline on the windshield of the automobile and in the window area, the optical quality of the automobile glass is not impaired.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
Shown in fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure.
Shown in fig. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a third embodiment of a transparent antenna for a smart glass of an automobile according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 4 shows schematic diagrams of the planar simulated performance of three embodiments of the transparent antenna according to the present disclosure in comparison with a conventional antenna.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a hybrid transparent antenna for use in an automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a hybrid transparent antenna for use in an automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic top view illustrating a square grid structure of the conductive body M of the hybrid transparent antenna used in the smart glass of the vehicle according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 8 is a schematic top view illustrating a stripe-shaped structure of the conductive body M of the hybrid transparent antenna used in the smart glass of the vehicle according to the present disclosure.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing a comparison of test results of a comparative simulation experiment of a hybrid transparent antenna of the hybrid transparent antenna employed in the automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure and a conventional antenna.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used in the present disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all other scientific and technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
It is to be understood that although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another. For example, a first may also be termed a second, and vice versa, without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at …" or "when …" or "in response to a determination", depending on the context.
For a better understanding of the present disclosure, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Shown in fig. 1 is a schematic view of a first embodiment of a transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 1, the transparent antenna of the smart glass of the automobile includes a ground patch and a radiation patch and a spacer bar disposed therebetween. The ground patch adopts a micro-wire structure, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-wire in each direction of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space distance between two connected micro-wires enables the transparency of the glass to be not less than 38%. Specifically, the micro-wire structure of the ground patch is formed by distributing copper wires with a micro-wire width W according to a preset pitch P. The thickness of the copper wires constituting the network-like micro-wires is between 0.2 and 6 microns, with a thickness of 0.5 or 5 microns being generally employed. In order that the ground patch does not affect the transparency of the glass, the ratio between the width W of the micro-wires in the micro-wire structure and the spatial pitch P between adjacent micro-wires is kept below 2/3.
Table 1 shows the sheet resistance and the transmittance measured at different ratios between the width W of the microwire and the space pitch P between adjacent microwires for 0.5 micron of microwire.
TABLE 1
| 40μm/40μm | 40μm/60μm | 3μm/170μm | |
| Film resistance (omega/□) | 0.09073 | 0.1248 | 2.813 |
| Physical line spacing (mum) | 35/45 | 35/65 | 3/170 |
| Transmittance (%) | 28.7 | 38.1 | 87.4 |
Table 2 shows the sheet resistance and transmittance measured at different ratios between the width W of the microwire and the space pitch P between adjacent microwires for a microwire of 5 microns.
TABLE 2
| 40μm/40μm | 40μm/60μm | 3μm/170μm | |
| Film resistance (omega/□) | 0.0086 | 0.0191 | 0.0978 |
| Physical line spacing (mum) | 29/51 | 33/67 | 5/168 |
| Transmittance (%) | 28.7 | 38.3 | 88.5 |
The test results of the first and second tables show that the transparent antenna with the grounding patch of 40 μm/60 μm micro-wire structure mounted on the automobile glass or other transparent parts not only ensures the performance of the antenna, but also does not affect the transparent effect of the glass as much as possible. Fig. 1 shows that in the extended two-dimensional plane of the glass, these dimensions are in both the x and y directions. An arrangement with a width W of 40 um metal and a separation distance P of 60 um can achieve a transparency of around 38%. These two dimensions can be adjusted accordingly, depending on the requirements of the particular application. A compromise is chosen between transparency and the performance of the antenna designed on this basis.
In fig. 1, in the case that the ground patch has a micro-wire structure, a transparent conductive metal oxide may be used for the corresponding radiation patch and the spacer. Alternatively, a complete solid metal film may be used directly for a small-sized radiation patch.
Shown in fig. 2 is a schematic view of a second embodiment of a transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure. The difference from the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 is that the radiating patch also adopts the same micro-wire structure as that adopted for the ground patch. The radiating patch and the grounding patch of the micro-wire structure are separated from each other by a spacing edge strip made of dielectric materials. The same micro-line pattern is also used for the micro-line structure in the radiation patch. In view of the fact that the transparency is affected by increasing the thickness of the transmission in the overlapping area of the radiation patch and the ground patch, the density of the micro-lines of the micro-line structure of the radiation patch and the ground patch can be adjusted accordingly, for example, the width of the micro-lines is reduced, so that the transparency in the area of the radiation patch is increased to meet the requirement of light transmittance of the automobile glass. For example, a width W of 30 μm metal and a spacing distance P of 70 μm.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a third embodiment of a transparent antenna for a smart glass of an automobile according to the present disclosure. The difference from the second embodiment shown in fig. 2 is that the spacer bars also adopt the same micro-wire structure as that adopted for the radiation patches.
Fig. 4 shows schematic diagrams of the planar simulated performance of three embodiments of the transparent antenna according to the present disclosure in comparison with a conventional antenna. The parameters of the curve corresponding to the antenna are shown in the following table 3:
in fig. 4, a curve (r) is a curve of an antenna of a non-microwire structure, a curve (r) is a curve of an antenna according to a first embodiment of the transparent antenna of the present disclosure, a curve (r) is a curve of an antenna according to a second embodiment of the transparent antenna of the present disclosure, and a curve (c) is a curve of an antenna according to a third embodiment of the transparent antenna of the present disclosure. The patterns of the metal micro-wire structures in the three embodiments adopt an arrangement with a width W of 40 um metal and a separation distance P of 60 um, and the radiation efficiency designs of the antenna micro-wire structures of the three embodiments all have 98%.
Alternatively, since the transparent antenna is integrated with the glass, in order to not affect the effect of the transparent antenna on the basic function of the glass while increasing the transmission power of the antenna, it is necessary to further improve the transparent antenna. In general, light transmittance and electrical conductivity are key indicators to determine whether a material is suitable for use in the preparation of transparent antennas. Currently, antennas made of transparent conductors have high light transmittance and conductivity, but have high sheet resistance RSH, while antennas made of microwire structures have excellent conductive properties, but have poor light transmittance. Display integratable transparent antennas based on current transparent conductor or microwire structures do not balance the antennas required by the display
Efficiency and transparency, it is not possible to achieve a transparency T of > 90% and a sheet resistance or unit area (sheet resistance) RSH of < 0.5 Ω ≦
The requirements of (1). The simulation results show that the antenna transparency can reach 90% by taking an ITO material as an example and using a transparent antenna with an ITO layer with the thickness of 140 nm. However, the sheet resistance of ITO in the sample is approximately 100.5. omega
Therefore, the radiation efficiency can only reach 10-15%; taking the copper micro-wire architecture as an example, the antenna can achieve an antenna efficiency of more than 50%, but the transparency is lower than the current display transparency requirement. Therefore, the radiation efficiency of the transparent conductor antenna is more than or equal to 50% by adopting the current material, and the sheet resistance RSH of the transparent conductor antenna electrode or the antenna electrode with the micro-wire structure is more than 0.5 omega/ml
. However, whether the antenna electrode is a transparent conductor antenna electrode or a micro-wire structure antenna electrode, the sheet resistance RSH is less than or equal to 0.5 omega-
At present, the transparency T of the transparent conductor cannot meet the requirement that the display transparency T is more than or equal to 90 percent.
Therefore, the hybrid transparent antenna is integrated for the intelligent glass of the automobile. Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of a hybrid transparent antenna in an automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure. As shown in fig. 5, the hybrid transparent antenna includes a conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 and an electric conductor M uniformly embedded in the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110. The frame formed by the conductor M is a mesh or a stripe (described later in detail).
As shown in fig. 5, the conductive body M is completely embedded in the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110, and for this purpose, the size of the conductive body M in the thickness direction of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 is smaller than the thickness of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer. Although fig. 5 shows that the lower portion of the electric conductor M is flush with the lower portion of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110, alternatively, the lower portion of the electric conductor M is positioned on the lower surface of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 so that the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 entirely surrounds the electric conductor M.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of a hybrid transparent antenna in an automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure. The structure thereof is substantially the same as that of the hybrid transparent antenna of the first embodiment except that a thin film conductive coating 120 for bonding the hybrid transparent antenna is further provided between the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 and the substrate 130, and the thickness thereof is not more than 20 nm.
In the hybrid transparent antenna integrated in the smart glass of an automobile according to the present disclosure, a cross-sectional shape of the electrical conductor along a horizontal extension direction of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer is a square, a circle, or an ellipse according to the hybrid transparent antenna of the present disclosure, wherein the electrical conductor is in a grid-like configuration or a stripe-like configuration along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer. Fig. 7 is a schematic top view illustrating a square grid structure of the conductor M in the hybrid transparent antenna in the smart glass of the automobile according to the present disclosure, and fig. 8 is a schematic top view illustrating a stripe structure of the conductor M in the hybrid transparent antenna in the smart glass of the automobile according to the present disclosure.
Optionally, the material of the conductive body M is a high-conductivity material such as copper, silver, gold, carbon nanotube or carbon nanorod. The conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 is made of indium tin oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, or niobium titanium dioxide doped with not more than 5%.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing the results of comparative simulation tests of a hybrid transparent antenna in an automotive smart glass according to the present disclosure and a conventional antenna. As shown in fig. 9, when the conductive material M is copper in a grid structure and the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 is made of ito, samples of the hybrid transparent antenna with different compositions can be obtained by adjusting the pitch P of the conductive material M. When the transparency enters the target area, it may occur that the sheet resistance also enters the target area, and if the sheet resistance does not enter the target area, the conductive body M may enter the target area by adjusting the size thereof, for example, adjusting the height thereof, or the like, or the conductive metal oxide thin film layer 110 of the sample may also be adjusted in thickness to allow the sample to enter the target area. (it is best if a specific combination of dimensions example can be provided).
As shown in FIG. 9, one solid line on the left side in FIG. 9 represents various ITO and copper microThe line architecture hybrid transparent antenna, while the left one dotted line represents the graphene and copper micro-line architecture hybrid transparent antenna. Both combinations present a sample that enters the target area. While other transparent antennas using only copper micro-wire architecture or transparent conductive films do not have a sample entering the target area. The shaded area in FIG. 9 is the target area, which has a transparency greater than 90% and a sheet resistance less than 0.5 Ω -
。
According to the transparent antenna based on the mixed transparent conductive film framework, the transparency T is more than or equal to 90%, and the sheet Resistance (RSH) is less than or equal to 0.5 omega
The requirements of (1). The proposed transparent conductive film architecture improves transparency and balances antenna performance and display optical quality.
The terms "about" and "approximately" may be used to mean within ± 20% of the target size in some embodiments, within ± 10% of the target size in some embodiments, within ± 5% of the target size in some embodiments, and also within ± 2% of the target size in some embodiments. The terms "about" and "approximately" may include the target size.
The solution described herein may be implemented as a method, in which at least one embodiment has been provided. The actions performed as part of the methods may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts concurrently, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments. Further, the method may include more acts than those shown in some embodiments, and fewer acts than those shown in other embodiments.
While at least one illustrative embodiment of the invention has been described herein, many alternatives, modifications, and improvements will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Such alterations, modifications, and improvements are intended to be within the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing description is by way of example only and is not intended as limiting. The invention is limited only as defined in the following claims and the equivalents thereto.
Claims (9)
1. A transparent antenna for automotive smart glass, comprising: the ground patch and the radiation patch and the spacing edge strip arranged between the two patches, wherein the ground patch adopts a micro-wire structure, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-wire of the micro-wire structure along each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space interval between two connected micro-wires is such that the transparency of the glass is not less than 38%.
2. The transparent antenna for smart glass of an automobile according to claim 1, wherein the radiation patch adopts a micro-wire structure corresponding to the micro-wire structure adopted by the ground patch, and the ratio of the occupied distance of each micro-wire in each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass to the space interval between the two connected micro-wires is such that the transparency of the glass is not less than 38%.
3. The transparent antenna for smart glass of automobile as claimed in claim 2, wherein spacing bars are disposed at both sides of the radiation patch for increasing the bandwidth of the antenna, the spacing bars employing micro-line structures corresponding in structure to the micro-lines employed by the ground patch, the micro-line structures occupying the ratio between the distance occupied by each micro-line in each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the extension plane of the glass and the space interval between the two connected micro-lines such that the transparency of the glass is not less than 38%.
4. A transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the microwires of said microwire structure are copper wires having a dimension in the thickness direction of the glass of 0.2 to 6 μm.
5. A transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each micro-wire of said micro-wire structure along each of two directions perpendicular to each other in the plane of extension of the glass occupies a distance of 40 microns and the spatial separation between two consecutive micro-wires is 60 microns.
6. The transparent antenna for automotive smart glass according to claim 3, wherein the transparent antenna is a hybrid transparent antenna comprising a conductive metal oxide thin film layer and the electric conductors of the micro-wire structure uniformly distributed over the entire extent of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer, wherein the size of the electric conductors in the thickness direction of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer is smaller than the thickness of the conductive metal oxide thin film layer, and the distance between any two adjacent electric conductors is such that the energy gap therebetween is greater than 2.5 eV.
7. A transparent antenna for automotive smart glass as claimed in claim 6, wherein the cross-sectional shape of said electrical conductor along the horizontal extension direction of said conductive metal oxide thin film layer is square, circular or elliptical.
8. A transparent antenna for automotive smart glass as claimed in claim 6, wherein said electrical conductor has a grid-like configuration or a stripe-like configuration along a direction perpendicular to the extension direction of said conductive metal oxide thin film layer.
9. A transparent antenna for automotive smart glass as claimed in claim 6, wherein said electrical conductor is copper in a grid-like structure and the material of said conductive metal oxide thin film layer is indium tin oxide.
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| CN202011512737.3A CN112736407A (en) | 2020-12-20 | 2020-12-20 | Transparent antenna for intelligent glass of automobile |
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| CN202011512737.3A CN112736407A (en) | 2020-12-20 | 2020-12-20 | Transparent antenna for intelligent glass of automobile |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2023141919A1 (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2023-08-03 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Window system |
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Application publication date: 20210430 |