CN112731975A - Method for adjusting inclination angle of tracking support of photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Method for adjusting inclination angle of tracking support of photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for adjusting the inclination angle of a tracking support of a photovoltaic module, which comprises the following steps: acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module; importing the acquired meteorological data into a photovoltaic power generation simulation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation simulation system is provided with a plurality of simulation components which simulate the photovoltaic components and respectively correspond to the tracking supports of the photovoltaic components in different inclination angle states, operating the simulation components, comparing the generated energy of the simulation components, and selecting the inclination angle corresponding to the simulation component with the maximum generated energy as an optimal inclination angle; adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support to the optimal inclination angle; according to the method for adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support, provided by the invention, in a specific application scene, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support can be adjusted to an optimal state according to the actual design condition and the current environment of the photovoltaic module, so that the generated energy of the photovoltaic module can be effectively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic application, in particular to a method for adjusting the inclination angle of a tracking support of a photovoltaic module.
Background
The tracking support of the photovoltaic module has obvious help for the photovoltaic module to fully utilize solar irradiation, improve the generated energy and reduce the electricity consumption cost, and is more and more widely applied to the photovoltaic field.
The tracking angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support plays a key role in determining whether the photovoltaic module can utilize solar radiation to the maximum, and currently, the mainstream traditional tracking angle algorithm is an astronomical tracking algorithm, namely, the tracking angle is acquired through solar ephemeris data related to the coordinates of the installation place of the photovoltaic module. In fact, the tracking angle obtained according to the traditional astronomical tracking algorithm is not necessarily the optimal angle due to the influence of the solar scattering radiation, the direct radiation and the specific system design, especially for the double-sided photovoltaic module system, and also due to the influence of the back radiation. At present, although some patents disclose methods for optimizing tracking angles of double-sided photovoltaic modules, optimization of irradiation quantities of the front side and the back side is only considered, the consideration factor is single, and the optimal effect cannot be achieved.
In view of the above, there is a need to provide an improved solution to the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art, and in order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for adjusting the inclination angle of a tracking bracket of a photovoltaic module.
A method for adjusting the inclination angle of a tracking support of a photovoltaic module comprises the following steps: step 1, acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module; step 2, importing the acquired meteorological data into a photovoltaic power generation simulation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation simulation system is provided with a plurality of simulation components which simulate the photovoltaic components and respectively correspond to the photovoltaic component tracking supports in different inclination angle states; operating the simulation components, comparing the generated energy of the simulation components, and selecting the inclination angle corresponding to the simulation component with the maximum generated energy as the optimal inclination angle; and 3, adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support to the optimal inclination angle.
Furthermore, the inclination angles of the simulation assemblies are uniformly distributed in the inclination angle adjusting range of the photovoltaic assembly tracking support.
Further, the inclination angle difference value of two simulation assemblies adjacent to the inclination angle numerical value is consistent with the resolution of the tracking support.
Further, the resolution of the tracking support is no greater than 1 °.
Further, meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module are acquired by a first meteorological station; the adjusting method further comprises the following steps: acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic assembly by adopting a second meteorological station, comparing irradiance data in the meteorological data acquired by the first meteorological station and the meteorological data acquired by the second meteorological station, and when the difference amplitude of the irradiance data and the meteorological data is not greater than a preset amplitude, operating the step 2 and the step 3 to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly tracking support; and when the difference amplitude of the two is larger than the preset amplitude, calculating and acquiring the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support by an astronomical tracking algorithm.
Further, the preset amplitude is not greater than 40%.
Further, the adjusting method further comprises: judging whether the irradiance data in the meteorological data is lower than a preset value or not, and when the irradiance data in the meteorological data is not lower than the preset value, operating the step 2 and the step 3 to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support; and when the irradiance data in the meteorological data is lower than a preset value, calculating and acquiring the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support by an astronomical tracking algorithm.
Further, the preset value is not more than 10W/m2。
Further, the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3 are circularly operated, and the circulation period is not more than 5 min.
Further, in the step 2, selecting a part of the plurality of simulation components to operate to obtain the optimal inclination angle, wherein the inclination angles of the selected part of simulation components are continuously distributed in the inclination angle adjusting range of the photovoltaic component tracking support, and the inclination angles calculated and obtained by the astronomical tracking algorithm are located in the inclination angle distribution range of the selected part of simulation components.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support, provided by the invention, in a specific application scene, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support can be adjusted to an optimal state according to the actual design condition and the current environment of the photovoltaic module, so that the generated energy of the photovoltaic module can be effectively improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 shows a process for adjusting the tilt angle of a photovoltaic module tracking support according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a photovoltaic module having a tracking support;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an analog simulation module in the photovoltaic power generation simulation system.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
For a single-sided photovoltaic module, the guarantee of the maximum available irradiation amount on the front side is the basis for improving the power generation amount, and whether the photovoltaic module can utilize the irradiation on the front side to the maximum extent is mainly subjected to array spacing, shadow shielding, light incident angle correction factor loss and the like. For a double-sided photovoltaic module, in addition to the factors listed above for a single-sided module, the contribution of back side irradiation of the module needs to be considered comprehensively, wherein the factors influencing the back side irradiation mainly include ground albedo, array pitch, array height and the like.
In a specific photovoltaic module power generation application scene, an optimized tracking angle can be obtained only by comprehensively considering the design structure of the photovoltaic module, real-time irradiation data and other factors which can influence the photovoltaic module to utilize solar irradiation, so that the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module is improved. The method provided by the invention is designed based on the method.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the tracking bracket 100 of the photovoltaic module according to the present invention includes a fixed base 11 and a rotating base 12 rotatably disposed on the fixed base 11, wherein a solar panel (not shown) for photovoltaic power generation is mounted on the rotating base 12. In the power generation process of the photovoltaic module, the rotating base 12 drives the solar module to rotate so as to receive sunlight and further realize the photoelectric conversion work. The inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking bracket 100 in the present invention refers to the inclination angle of the plane on which the rotating base 12 is located relative to the horizontal plane.
The invention provides a method for adjusting the inclination angle of a tracking support of a photovoltaic module, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module.
Step 2, importing the acquired meteorological data into a photovoltaic power generation simulation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation simulation system is provided with a plurality of simulation components which simulate the photovoltaic components and respectively correspond to the photovoltaic component tracking support 100 in different inclination angle states; and operating the simulation assemblies, comparing the generated energy of the simulation assemblies, and selecting the inclination angle corresponding to the simulation assembly with the maximum generated energy as the optimal inclination angle.
And 3, adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support to the optimal inclination angle.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the above steps are further described as follows:
in step 1, for a single-sided photovoltaic module, the meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module mainly include scattering radiation, plane radiation, environment temperature (or photovoltaic module temperature), and the like; for a single-sided photovoltaic module, the meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module comprises the ground surface albedo in addition to the meteorological data related to the single-sided photovoltaic module.
In step 2, the simulation photovoltaic module refers to various setting parameters of the simulation photovoltaic module related in the photovoltaic power generation simulation system, specifically including characteristic parameters which affect the power generation amount of the photovoltaic module and belong to the photovoltaic module, such as longitude and latitude setting parameters, array spacing parameters, height parameters, and solar panel model parameters.
Referring to fig. 2, the tracking support 100 of the photovoltaic module has a plurality of different inclination angle states at different times during the working process, and the inclination angles of a plurality of simulation modules in the photovoltaic power generation simulation system respectively correspond to the plurality of different inclination angle states; referring to fig. 3, each simulation module includes a simulation bracket 200, the simulation bracket 200 simulates a structure of the tracking bracket 100, and includes a simulation fixing base 21 and a simulation mounting base 22 fixed on the simulation fixing base 21, and the inclination angle of the simulation module refers to the inclination angle of the simulation mounting base 22 relative to the horizontal plane. It is easy to understand that the simulation mounting seat 22 is also provided with a power generation unit for simulating a solar cell panel.
Because the simulation modules involved in the step 2 are formed by simulating real photovoltaic modules, the simulated power generation amount of each simulation module can approximately represent the real power generation amount of the current photovoltaic module in the corresponding inclination angle state, and the inclination angle corresponding to the simulation module with the maximum power generation amount can be used as the optimal inclination angle.
Based on the method for adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support, provided by the invention, in a specific application scene, the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support 100 can be adjusted to an optimal state according to the actual design condition and the current environment of the photovoltaic module, so that the power generation capacity of the photovoltaic module can be effectively improved.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the tilt angles of a plurality of simulation modules are uniformly distributed within the tilt angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic module tracking support 100. Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in the present embodiment, the tilt angle of the tracking support 100 of the photovoltaic module is adjusted in a range of-60 ° to 60 °, and the tilt angles of a plurality of the simulation modules are uniformly distributed in a range of-60 ° to 60 °.
Further, the inclination difference value of two simulation components adjacent to the inclination value is consistent with the resolution of the tracking bracket 100. It is easy to understand that the resolution of the tracking bracket 100 refers to a minimum adjustment angle when the tracking bracket 100 performs the tilt adjustment, and based on a setting manner that the tilt difference between two simulation components adjacent to the tilt value is consistent with the resolution of the tracking bracket 100, the tilt of the tracking bracket 100 can be accurately adjusted to an optimal tilt.
In particular, the resolution of the tracking gantry 100 is no greater than 1 °. In this embodiment, the resolution of the tracking bracket is 1 °, based on which, the photovoltaic power generation simulation system includes 121 sets of simulation assemblies with inclination angles of-60 °, -59 °, -58 ° … … 0 ° … … 58 °, 59 °, and 60 ° in sequence, the inclination angles of the 121 sets of simulation assemblies are uniformly distributed in the inclination angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic module tracking bracket 100, and the inclination angle difference between two adjacent simulation assemblies with inclination angle values is 1 °.
In the specific application process of the invention, the meteorological data of the environment where the photovoltaic module is currently located are acquired by the first meteorological station. In consideration of the problem that the data acquisition is inaccurate due to damage or other reasons in the operation process of the first meteorological station, a meteorological data accuracy confirmation step is usually also provided in the specific implementation process. Specifically, the meteorological data accuracy confirming step includes: acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic assembly by adopting a second meteorological station, comparing irradiance data in the meteorological data acquired by the first meteorological station and the second meteorological station, judging whether the meteorological data acquired by the first meteorological station is accurate and reliable when the difference amplitude of the irradiance data in the meteorological data acquired by the first meteorological station and the meteorological data acquired by the second meteorological station is not greater than a preset amplitude, and operating the steps 2 and 3 to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly tracking support; and when the difference amplitude of the two is larger than the preset amplitude, laterally judging that the meteorological data acquired by the first meteorological station is unreliable, and calculating and acquiring the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support by an astronomical tracking algorithm.
The astronomical tracking algorithm involved in the invention is as follows: the acquisition of the tracking angle is performed by solar ephemeris data related to the coordinates of the installation site of the photovoltaic module, which is described in detail with reference to the existing design and will not be further described here.
The preset amplitude referred to above is not more than 40%; preferably the predetermined amplitude is not greater than 10%.
In addition, when entering the night, the irradiance tends to be small, the power generation is not substantially affected by the inclination angle of the tracking support 100, and the photovoltaic power generation simulation system preferably stops running. In particular, in the implementation process, the following steps can be added to realize the relevant actions.
Specifically, the adjusting method provided by the invention further comprises the following steps: judging whether the irradiance data in the meteorological data is lower than a preset value or not, and when the irradiance data in the meteorological data is not lower than the preset value, operating the step 2 and the step 3 to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support; and when the irradiance data in the meteorological data is lower than a preset value, calculating and acquiring the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support by an astronomical tracking algorithm. Wherein the preset value is preferably not more than 10W/m2。
In order to realize the continuous adjustment of the photovoltaic module tracking support 100, the steps 1, 2 and 3 involved in the invention are circularly operated, so that the photovoltaic module can be adjusted to the optimal position in time. In the specific implementation process, the cycle period is not more than 5 min; in a preferred embodiment, the cycle period is 1 min.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 2, only a part of the plurality of simulation components is selected to operate to obtain the optimal tilt angle, the tilt angles of the selected part of simulation components are continuously distributed in the tilt angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic module tracking support 100, and the tilt angles calculated and obtained by the astronomical tracking algorithm are located in the tilt angle distribution range of the selected part of simulation components.
For example, in the embodiment where the tilt angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic module tracking support 100 is-60 ° to 60 ° and the resolution is 1 °, if the current tilt angle calculated and obtained by the astronomical tracking algorithm is 45 °, all simulation modules with tilt angles in the range of 30 ° to 60 ° may be selected to operate to obtain the optimal tilt angle. The mode of selecting part of simulation components to run can save the running time of the system.
Based on the above, in a specific implementation process, simulation components in different inclination angle ranges can be operated according to time periods. Specifically, for an embodiment in which the tilt adjustment range of the photovoltaic module tracking rack 100 is-60 ° to 60 ° and the resolution is 1 °, the mid-day may be selected as the demarcation point, wherein the simulation modules having tilt angles in the range of 0 ° to 60 ° are operated in the morning and the simulation modules having tilt angles in the range of-60 ° to 0 ° are operated in the afternoon.
It should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment contains only a single technical solution, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should make the description as a whole, and the technical solutions in the embodiments can also be combined appropriately to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of a possible embodiment of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for adjusting the inclination angle of a tracking support of a photovoltaic module is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic module;
step 2, importing the acquired meteorological data into a photovoltaic power generation simulation system, wherein the photovoltaic power generation simulation system is provided with a plurality of simulation components which simulate the photovoltaic components and respectively correspond to the photovoltaic component tracking supports in different inclination angle states; operating the simulation components, comparing the generated energy of the simulation components, and selecting the inclination angle corresponding to the simulation component with the maximum generated energy as the optimal inclination angle;
and 3, adjusting the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support to the optimal inclination angle.
2. The adjustment method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclination angles of several of the simulation modules are evenly distributed within the inclination angle adjustment range of the photovoltaic module tracking support.
3. The adjustment method according to claim 2, characterized in that the difference of the inclination angles of two of the simulation assemblies adjacent to the inclination angle value corresponds to the resolution of the tracking support.
4. The adjustment method according to claim 3, characterized in that the resolution of the tracking carriage is not greater than 1 °.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that meteorological data of the environment in which the photovoltaic module is currently located are acquired by a first meteorological station; the adjusting method further comprises the following steps: acquiring meteorological data of the current environment of the photovoltaic assembly by adopting a second meteorological station, comparing irradiance data in the meteorological data acquired by the first meteorological station and the meteorological data acquired by the second meteorological station, and when the difference amplitude of the irradiance data and the meteorological data is not greater than a preset amplitude, operating the step 2 and the step 3 to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic assembly tracking support; and when the difference amplitude of the two is larger than the preset amplitude, calculating and acquiring the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support by an astronomical tracking algorithm.
6. The adjustment method according to claim 5, characterized in that the preset amplitude is not greater than 40%.
7. The adjustment method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the adjustment method further comprises: judging whether the irradiance data in the meteorological data is lower than a preset value or not, and when the irradiance data in the meteorological data is not lower than the preset value, operating the step 2 and the step 3 to adjust the inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support; and when the irradiance data in the meteorological data is lower than a preset value, calculating and acquiring the adjusting inclination angle of the photovoltaic module tracking support by an astronomical tracking algorithm.
8. Adjustment method according to claim 7, characterized in that said preset value is not greater than 10W/m2。
9. The conditioning method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the steps 1, 2 and 3 are cyclically operated with a cycle time not greater than 5 min.
10. The adjusting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step 2, a part of the plurality of simulation components is selected to operate to obtain the optimal inclination angle, the inclination angles of the selected part of the simulation components are continuously distributed in the inclination angle adjusting range of the photovoltaic component tracking bracket, and the inclination angles calculated and obtained by the astronomical tracking algorithm are located in the inclination angle distribution range of the selected part of the simulation components.
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