CN112731594B - Intelligent optical fiber coupling system and method - Google Patents
Intelligent optical fiber coupling system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112731594B CN112731594B CN202110344292.0A CN202110344292A CN112731594B CN 112731594 B CN112731594 B CN 112731594B CN 202110344292 A CN202110344292 A CN 202110344292A CN 112731594 B CN112731594 B CN 112731594B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/262—Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/255—Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding
- G02B6/2555—Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber intelligent coupling system and a method, the system comprises an input optical fiber and an output optical fiber, one end of the input optical fiber and one end of the output optical fiber are respectively welded with an input end cap and an output end cap, a core inserting device is arranged between the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber, the two ends of the optical fiber are provided with inserting core end holes corresponding to the input end cap and the output end cap, an optical channel is arranged in the optical fiber, the output optical fiber is provided with a cladding light stripper, the cladding light stripper is provided with a photoelectric sensor, the periphery of the output end cap is provided with a flexible base, a displacement component is arranged between the output end cap and the displacement component, the output end cap, the flexible base and the photoelectric sensor are respectively in communication connection with the control component, the intensity of the stripping laser of the cladding light stripper is detected by a photoelectric sensor and is transmitted to a control assembly, the control assembly processes signals and controls a displacement assembly to act to adjust the position of an output end cap, and the collimation of input laser and output laser is realized; the invention has the advantages of no need of field welding, small volume, low optical transmission loss and strong disturbance resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber coupling, and particularly relates to an optical fiber intelligent coupling system and method.
Background
In order to transmit laser, the characteristic that an optical fiber can be bent flexibly is often utilized to couple the laser into the optical fiber for transmission. When there is a change in the transmission path, it is often necessary to perform a fusion splicing process on the optical fibers. The optical fiber which can transmit high-power laser by fusion splicing needs higher clean conditions and fusion splicing technology, can not be popularized under non-laboratory conditions, and can not meet the requirements of plug-and-play convenient application.
The end caps have a collimation effect on the output light beams, so that the coupling of the laser between the optical fibers can be realized by welding the tail ends of the optical fibers to the end caps and then aligning the two end caps. However, in high power applications, small deviations or perturbations in the alignment accuracy of the end caps can cause laser leakage into the cladding of the output fiber, resulting in large transmission losses and even damage to the coupling device.
Therefore, an automatic optical fiber coupling device which is convenient to weld, small in size, low in optical transmission loss, strong in disturbance resistance, low in cost, capable of realizing plug and play of an end cap, capable of performing coupling closed-loop control in real time, high in laser coupling efficiency, stable and reliable in system and applicable to high-power laser coupling transmission is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an optical fiber intelligent coupling system, which is characterized in that an input end cap is arranged on an input optical fiber, the input end cap is inserted and fixed from one end of a core inserting device, a flexible base is inserted into one end of the core inserting device, an output end cap is inserted into the flexible base, so that the input end cap and the output end cap are opposite in the core inserting device at intervals, displacement assemblies with different dimensions are arranged on the output end cap, an output optical fiber is arranged on the output end cap, a cladding light stripper is arranged on the output optical fiber, a photoelectric sensor is arranged on the cladding light stripper, the output end of the photoelectric sensor is connected with a control assembly, and finally the control assembly is connected with the displacement assembly on the output end cap; corroding the surface of the output optical fiber through a cladding light stripper, stripping out cladding laser in the output optical fiber by combining high-refractive-index glue, detecting the intensity of the stripped laser of the cladding light stripper through a photoelectric sensor, transmitting the intensity to a control assembly, resolving by the control assembly according to a control algorithm, sending a control instruction to a displacement assembly, adjusting the position of an output end cap, and further reducing laser transmission loss; according to the invention, the input end cap and the output end cap of the optical fiber are automatically aligned at high precision, so that the coupling efficiency and the disturbance resistance are greatly improved, and finally high-power optical fiber coupling is realized; the end cap can be plugged and used, coupling closed-loop control can be performed in real time, laser coupling efficiency is high, and the system is stable and reliable; the laser coupling transmission device is suitable for high-power laser coupling transmission and high in practicability.
In order to achieve the above object, an aspect of the present invention provides an optical fiber intelligent coupling system, which includes an input optical fiber and an output optical fiber for transmitting laser light, wherein an input end cap is welded to one end of the input optical fiber, an output end cap is welded to one end of the output optical fiber, a welding point of the input optical fiber and the input end cap is located at a focal point of an end face of the input end cap, and a welding point of the output optical fiber and the output end cap is located at a focal point of an end face of the output end cap;
a core inserting device is arranged between the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber, core inserting end holes are formed in the two ends of the core inserting device corresponding to the input end cap and the output end cap, an optical channel is arranged in the core inserting device, the input end cap and the output end cap are respectively inserted into the corresponding core inserting end holes, and laser in the input optical fiber is collimated through the optical channel and enters the output optical fiber;
the output optical fiber is provided with a cladding light stripper which is provided with a photoelectric sensor and is used for stripping laser leaked to an inner cladding of the output optical fiber after laser collimation deviation and detecting the laser through the photoelectric sensor;
the output end cap periphery is equipped with flexible base, its with be equipped with the displacement subassembly between the output end cap, displacement subassembly, output end cap, flexible base and photoelectric sensor are connected with the control assembly communication respectively, photoelectric sensor detects to reveal laser that leads to because laser alignment deviation after with signal transmission to the control assembly, this control assembly processing signal and control the displacement subassembly action adjustment output end cap position realizes input laser and output laser collimation, couples the laser of transmission in an optic fibre to another optic fibre steadily high-efficiently.
Furthermore, the radius of the core inserting device needs to be matched with that of the input end cap, so that the input end cap is suitable in size after being inserted into the core inserting device, and natural fastening can be achieved.
Further, the radius r of the input end cap and the radius r of the output end cap are within a range of 50 micrometers-25 mm, antireflection films are plated on the end faces of the input end cap and the output end cap, the focal lengths f of the antireflection films are equal, and the lengths of the input end cap and the output end cap are both f/n;
where f is the focal length and n is the refractive index of the end cap.
Further, the centers of the input optical fiber, the input end cap, the output end cap, and the output optical fiber are on a straight line;
the input optical fiber and the input end cap and the output optical fiber and the output end cap are respectively connected together through fusion welding.
Furthermore, the diameter range of the fiber cores of the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber is 1-180 μm;
the diameter range of the inner cladding of the input optical fiber and the output optical fiber is 10-2500 mu m.
Further, the cladding light stripper is arranged at the output end of the output optical fiber;
the cladding light stripper can strip cladding light power within the range of 0-2000W.
Further, the algorithm adopted by the control component comprises a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, a single dithering method, a multi-dithering method, a genetic algorithm or a simulated annealing algorithm.
Further, the displacement assembly comprises piezoelectric ceramics, a voice coil motor or an electric screw.
Another aspect of the present invention provides an optical fiber intelligent coupling method, including the following steps:
s100: firstly, respectively welding an end cap on an input optical fiber and an output optical fiber, so that the welding point of the input optical fiber and the input end cap and the welding point of the output optical fiber and the output end cap are just positioned on the focus of the end face of the corresponding end cap; the input end cap and the output end cap are respectively inserted into the corresponding insertion core end holes of the insertion core device, so that laser output from the input optical fiber is finally coupled and collimated to enter the output optical fiber;
s200: the laser leaked into the inner cladding of the output optical fiber due to deviation generated by the displacement of the end cap in the process of coupling the input optical fiber to the output optical fiber is stripped by the cladding stripper, the intensity of the stripped laser of the cladding stripper is detected by the photoelectric sensor and is sent to the control component as an evaluation function;
s300: the control assembly analyzes a control signal required by the displacement assembly according to an algorithm, then the control signal is transmitted to the displacement assembly with each dimension on the output end cap, and the displacement deviation is corrected rapidly, so that the closed-loop control of the alignment of the high-precision output end cap and the input end cap is realized;
s400: the control assembly iterates the control signals according to the algorithm, when the algorithm is optimized to an extreme value, the intelligent optical fiber coupling device reaches a stable state, the evaluation function acquired by the photoelectric sensor is stabilized at a maximum value, the coupling efficiency reaches an optimized effect, and therefore automatic alignment of the output end cap and the input end cap is achieved.
Further, when the algorithm in step S300 or step S400 is a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, the solving process includes the following steps:
s401: firstly, an initial control voltage u is randomly set on a control component(0)={u1,u2,u3}(0)Respectively output to 3-dimensional displacement components on the output end cap;
s402: then, an initial evaluation function J is rapidly calculated through information acquired by the photoelectric sensor(m)；
S403: regenerating random disturbance voltage delta u(m)={ δu1, δu2, δu3}(m)And storing;
s404: will disturbDynamic voltage delta u(m)And a control voltage u(m)Outputting to a displacement assembly with 3 dimensions;
s405: measuring an evaluation function J obtained after the disturbance of the previous step+ (m) ；
S406: the random disturbance voltage delta u in S403(m)Is inverted and is connected with the control voltage u(m)Accumulating and outputting to a displacement assembly;
s407: obtaining the evaluation function J after the disturbance of the previous step- (m) ；
S408: calculating the variation delta J of the two evaluation functions(m)=J+ (m)- J- (m) ；
S409: according to the formula u(m+1) = u(m) +γδu(m)ΔJ(m)Updating the control voltage and outputting the control voltage to the displacement assembly to carry out the (m + 1) th iteration;
s410: repeating the step S403 to the step S409, and continuing to control the voltage until the system is stable;
wherein u is(0)={u1,u2,u3}(0)Is a disturbance voltage vector of the initial control parameter; delta u(m)={δu1,δu2,δu3}(m)Is the disturbance voltage vector of the control parameter after the mth iteration; u. of(m)Is the disturbance voltage of the control parameter after the mth iteration; u. of(m+1)Is the disturbance voltage of the control parameter after the (m + 1) th iteration; γ is a gain factor; gamma delta u(m)Is the variation of the mth system performance index measurement; delta J(m)Is the perturbation voltage for the mth iteration.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses an optical fiber intelligent coupling system, which is characterized in that an input end cap is arranged on an input optical fiber, the input end cap is inserted and fixed from one end of a core inserting device, a flexible base is inserted into one end of the core inserting device, an output end cap is inserted into the flexible base, so that the input end cap and the output end cap are opposite in the core inserting device at intervals, displacement assemblies with different dimensions are arranged on the output end cap, the output optical fiber is arranged on the output end cap, a cladding light stripper is arranged on the output optical fiber, a photoelectric sensor is arranged on the cladding light stripper, the output end of the photoelectric sensor is connected with a control assembly, and finally the control assembly is connected with the displacement assemblies with different dimensions on the output end cap; corroding the surface of the output optical fiber through a cladding light stripper, stripping out cladding laser in the output optical fiber by combining high-refractive-index glue, detecting the intensity of the stripped laser of the cladding light stripper through a photoelectric sensor, transmitting the intensity to a control assembly, resolving by the control assembly according to a control algorithm, sending a control instruction to a displacement assembly, adjusting the position of an output end cap, and further reducing laser transmission loss; according to the invention, the input end cap and the output end cap of the optical fiber are automatically aligned at high precision, so that the coupling efficiency and the disturbance resistance are greatly improved, and finally high-power optical fiber coupling is realized; the end cap can be plugged and used, coupling closed-loop control can be performed in real time, laser coupling efficiency is high, and the system is stable and reliable; the laser coupling transmission device is suitable for high-power laser coupling transmission and high in practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical fiber intelligent coupling system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a flexible base of an optical fiber intelligent coupling system according to an embodiment of the present invention, viewed along the direction of an output optical fiber;
fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a coupling method of an optical fiber intelligent coupling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a basic process of random parallel gradient descent algorithm calculation in the coupling method of the intelligent optical fiber coupling device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
In all the figures, the same reference numerals denote the same features, in particular: 1-input optical fiber, 2-input end cap, 3-ferrule device, 4-optical channel, 5-flexible base, 6-output end cap, 7-output optical fiber, 8-cladding optical stripper, 9-photoelectric sensor, 10-control component, 11-displacement component, 111-first displacement measurement, 112-second displacement measurement, 113-third displacement measurement.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention provides an optical fiber intelligent coupling system, including an input optical fiber 1 and an output optical fiber 7 for laser transmission, where one end of the input optical fiber 1 is welded with an input end cap 2, one end of the output optical fiber 7 is welded with an output end cap 6, and a welding point between the input optical fiber 1 and the input end cap 2 is located at a focal point of an end face of the input end cap 2, and a welding point between the output optical fiber 7 and the output end cap 6 is located at a focal point of an end face of the output end cap 6; a ferrule device 3 is arranged between the input optical fiber 1 and the output optical fiber 7, ferrule end holes are formed in two ends of the ferrule device corresponding to the input end cap 2 and the output end cap 6, an optical channel 4 is arranged in the ferrule device 3, and the input end cap 2 and the output end cap 6 are respectively inserted into the corresponding ferrule end holes, so that laser in the input optical fiber 1 is collimated through the optical channel 4 and enters the output optical fiber 7; the output optical fiber 7 is provided with a cladding light stripper 8, the cladding light stripper 8 is provided with a photoelectric sensor 9, and the cladding light stripper 8 is used for stripping laser leaked to an inner cladding of the output optical fiber after laser collimation deviation and detecting the laser through the photoelectric sensor 9; the periphery of the output end cap 6 is provided with a flexible base 5, a displacement assembly 11 is arranged between the flexible base and the output end cap 6, the displacement assembly 11, the output end cap 6, the flexible base 5 and the photoelectric sensor 9 are respectively in communication connection with a control assembly 10, the photoelectric sensor 9 transmits signals to the control assembly 10 after detecting laser leakage caused by laser collimation deviation, the control assembly 10 processes the signals and controls the displacement assembly 11 to act to adjust the position of the output end cap 6, input laser and output laser collimation are achieved, and laser transmitted in one optical fiber is stably and efficiently coupled to the other optical fiber. The intensity of the laser stripped by the cladding stripper 8 is detected by the photoelectric sensor 9 and is transmitted to the control component 10, the control component 10 performs calculation according to a control algorithm, a control instruction is sent to the displacement component 11, the position of the output end cap is adjusted, and the laser transmission loss is further reduced. The invention does not need field welding, has small volume, low optical transmission loss and strong disturbance resistance, can support high-power laser transmission and has high creativity.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the input end cap 2, the optical channel 4, the output end cap 6, and the flexible base 5 are all disposed inside the ferrule device 3; the input end cap 2 is inserted from one end of the ferrule device 3 and then fixed by glue; the radius of the core insert device 3 needs to be matched with that of the input end cap 2, so that the input end cap 2 is suitable in size after being inserted into the core insert device 3 and can realize natural fastening; the flexible base 5 is arranged at one end of the ferrule device 3 far away from the input end cap 2; the optical fiber coupler is characterized in that the output end cap 6 is inserted into a flexible base 5 made of polymer materials from the other end, far away from the input end cap 2, of the ferrule device 3, the radius r range of the input end cap 2 and the radius r range of the output end cap 6 are 50 mu m-25 mm, antireflection films are plated on the end faces, opposite to the input end cap 2 and the output end cap 6, the focal lengths f are equal and are in a slightly convex shape, the lengths of the end caps are both f/n (n is the refractive index of the end caps), the input end cap 2 and the output end cap 6 have a collimation effect on passing light beams, and coupling of laser in optical fibers is achieved by aligning the input end cap and the output end cap. In this example; the input optical fiber 1 and the input end cap 2, and the output optical fiber 7 and the output end cap 6 are respectively welded through welding machines; the fiber core diameter range of the input optical fiber 1 and the output optical fiber 7 is 1-180 mu m, and the inner cladding diameter range of the input optical fiber 1 and the output optical fiber 7 is 10-2500 mu m. In the present embodiment, the laser power is 2000W (center wavelength 1064 nm); the core diameter of the input optical fiber 1 is 20 μm, and the cladding diameter is 400 μm; the length of the input end cap 2 is 20mm, the diameter is 5mm, and the refractive index is 1.45; the core diameter of the output optical fiber 7 is 20 μm, and the cladding diameter is 400 μm; the distance between the central points of the end surfaces of the input end cap 2 and the output end cap 6 is 58mm, and the end surface focal lengths of the two end caps are both 29 mm.
Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the output optical fiber 7 is disposed at the output end of the output end cap 6; the centers of the input optical fiber 1, the input end cap 2, the output end cap 6 and the output optical fiber 7 are on a straight line; the displacement components 11 are arranged on three different dimensions of the output end cap 6, include a first displacement measurement 111, a second displacement measurement 112 and a third displacement measurement 113, and are all located inside the ferrule device 3; the displacement assembly 11 is used for positioning and tracking the output end cap 6; a water-cooling type cladding light stripper 8 is manufactured on the output optical fiber 7 at a distance of 500mm from the output end cap 6, and cladding laser in the output optical fiber is stripped by corroding the surface of the output optical fiber 7 and combining high-refractive-index glue. The cladding stripper 8 is arranged on the output optical fiber 7 and internally provided with a photoelectric sensor 9, and the photoelectric sensor 9 can convert an optical signal into an electric signal; after receiving the electric signal, the control component 10 transmits a control instruction to the displacement component 11 according to a control algorithm, and the position of the output end cap 6 is adjusted through the displacement component 11. The cladding light stripper 8 can strip cladding light power within the range of 0-2000W, and a water cooling device can be added according to the cladding light power; the algorithm adopted by the control component 10 comprises a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, a single jitter method, a multi-jitter method, a genetic algorithm or a simulated annealing algorithm; the displacement assembly comprises piezoelectric ceramics (PZT), a voice coil motor or an electric screw.
The working principle of the optical fiber intelligent coupling system provided by the invention is as follows: laser is transmitted in an input optical fiber 1, is input from the input optical fiber 1, then is emitted out through the input end cap 2, is coupled into the output end cap 6 wrapped by the flexible base 5 through the optical channel 4, then enters the output optical fiber 7 and is transmitted to the cladding stripper 8; in the process of coupling laser from an input optical fiber to an output optical fiber, if the coupling efficiency is reduced due to displacement deviation of an end cap caused by vibration, impact, thermal expansion, cold contraction and other factors, more laser can be coupled into a cladding of the output optical fiber; corroding the surface of the output optical fiber by a cladding light stripper on the output optical fiber, and stripping out cladding laser in the output optical fiber by combining high-refractive-index glue; the strength of the stripping laser is detected by a photoelectric sensor embedded in the cladding stripper 8 and is sent to a control assembly as an evaluation function, the control assembly analyzes a control signal required by a displacement assembly according to an algorithm, then a control instruction is sent to the displacement assembly of each dimension on the output end cap, and the displacement deviation is corrected rapidly by the displacement assembly, so that the closed-loop control of high-precision alignment of the output end cap and the input end cap is realized.
As shown in fig. 3, the coupling method of the intelligent optical fiber coupling device of the present invention includes the following steps:
s100: firstly, respectively welding an end cap on an input optical fiber and an output optical fiber, so that the welding point of the input optical fiber and the input end cap and the welding point of the output optical fiber and the output end cap are just positioned on the focus of the end face of the corresponding end cap; the input end cap and the output end cap are respectively inserted into the corresponding insertion core end holes of the insertion core device, so that laser output from the input optical fiber is finally coupled and collimated to enter the output optical fiber;
s200: the laser leaked into the inner cladding of the output optical fiber due to deviation generated by the displacement of the end cap in the process of coupling the input optical fiber to the output optical fiber is stripped by the cladding stripper, the intensity of the stripped laser of the cladding stripper is detected by the photoelectric sensor and is sent to the control component as an evaluation function;
s300: the control assembly analyzes a control signal required by the displacement assembly according to an algorithm, then the control signal is transmitted to the displacement assembly with each dimension on the output end cap, and the displacement deviation is corrected rapidly, so that the closed-loop control of the alignment of the high-precision output end cap and the input end cap is realized;
s400: the control assembly iterates the control signals according to the algorithm, when the algorithm is optimized to an extreme value, the intelligent optical fiber coupling device reaches a stable state, the evaluation function acquired by the photoelectric sensor is stabilized at a maximum value, the coupling efficiency reaches an optimized effect, and therefore automatic alignment of the output end cap and the input end cap is achieved.
As shown in fig. 4, the basic process of settlement by using the random parallel gradient descent algorithm is as follows:
s401: firstly, an initial control voltage u is randomly set on a control component(0)={u1,u2,u3}(0)Respectively output to 3-dimensional displacement components on the output end cap;
s402: then, an initial evaluation function J is rapidly calculated through information acquired by the photoelectric sensor(m)；
S403: regenerating random disturbance voltage delta u(m)={ δu1, δu2, δu3}(m)And storing;
s404: will disturb the voltage delta u(m)And a control voltage u(m)Outputting to a displacement assembly with 3 dimensions;
s405: measuring the evaluation function J after the disturbance of the previous step+ (m) ；
S406: will randomly disturb the voltage delta u(m)Is inverted and is connected with the control voltage u(m)Accumulating and outputting to a displacement assembly;
s407: obtaining the evaluation function J after the disturbance of the previous step- (m) ；
S408: calculating the variation Delta J of the two evaluation functions(m)=J+ (m)- J- (m) ；
S409: according to the formula u(m+1) = u(m) +γδu(m)ΔJ(m)Updating the control voltage and outputting the control voltage to the displacement assembly 11 for the (m + 1) th iteration;
s410: repeating the operation processes from the third step to the ninth step, and continuing to control the voltage until the system is stable;
wherein u is(0)={u1,u2,u3}(0)Is a disturbance voltage vector of the initial control parameter; delta u(m)={δu1,δu2,δu3}(m)Is the disturbance voltage vector of the control parameter after the mth iteration; u. of(m)Is the disturbance voltage of the control parameter after the mth iteration; u. of(m+1)Is the disturbance voltage vector of the control parameter after the (m + 1) th iteration; γ is a gain factor; gamma delta u(m)Is the variation of the mth system performance index measurement; delta J(m)Is the perturbation voltage for the mth iteration.
When the algorithm converges within ms-order time, the evaluation function J acquired by the photoelectric sensor 9 is stabilized at the maximum value. At this time, the coupling efficiency is optimized, and the output power is up to 1990W.
According to the invention, the input end cap and the output end cap of the optical fiber are automatically aligned at high precision, so that the coupling efficiency and the disturbance resistance are greatly improved, and finally high-power optical fiber coupling is realized; the invention has small volume and low cost, can realize plug and play of the end cap, carry out coupling closed-loop control in real time, and has high laser coupling efficiency and stable and reliable system; the method is suitable for high-power laser coupling transmission.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An optical fiber intelligent coupling system comprises an input optical fiber (1) and an output optical fiber (7) for laser transmission, and is characterized in that:
an input end cap (2) is welded at one end of the input optical fiber (1), an output end cap (6) is welded at one end of the output optical fiber (7), the welding point of the input optical fiber (1) and the input end cap (2) is just positioned on the focal point of the end face of the input end cap (2), and the welding point of the output optical fiber (7) and the output end cap (6) is just positioned on the focal point of the end face of the output end cap (6);
a core inserting device (3) is arranged between the input optical fiber (1) and the output optical fiber (7), core inserting end holes are formed in the two ends of the core inserting device corresponding to the input end cap (2) and the output end cap (6), an optical channel (4) is arranged in the core inserting end holes, the input end cap (2) and the output end cap (6) are respectively inserted into the corresponding core inserting end holes, and laser in the input optical fiber (1) is collimated through the optical channel (4) and enters the output optical fiber (7);
the output optical fiber (7) is provided with a cladding light stripper (8), the cladding light stripper (8) is provided with a photoelectric sensor (9), and the cladding light stripper (8) is used for stripping laser leaked to an inner cladding of the output optical fiber after laser collimation deviation and detecting the laser through the photoelectric sensor (9);
output end cap (6) periphery is equipped with flexible base (5), its with be equipped with displacement assembly (11) between output end cap (6), displacement assembly (11), output end cap (6), flexible base (5) and photoelectric sensor (9) are connected with control assembly (10) communication respectively, photoelectric sensor (9) detect because laser leakage that laser collimation deviation leads to after with signal transmission to control assembly (10), this control assembly (10) signal processing and control displacement assembly (11) action adjustment output end cap (6) position realizes input laser and output laser collimation, couples another optic fibre with the laser of transmission in the optic fibre steadily high-efficiently.
2. An intelligent optical fiber coupling system according to claim 1, wherein: the radius of the ferrule device (3) needs to be matched with that of the input end cap (2), so that the input end cap (2) is suitable in size after being inserted into the ferrule device (3) and can be naturally fastened.
3. An intelligent optical fiber coupling system according to claim 2, wherein: the radius r of the input end cap (2) and the radius r of the output end cap (6) are within the range of 50 mu m-25 mm, antireflection films are plated on the end faces of the input end cap (2) and the output end cap (6), the focal lengths f of the antireflection films are equal, and the lengths of the input end cap (2) and the output end cap (6) are both f/n;
where f is the focal length and n is the refractive index of the end cap.
4. A fiber optic intelligent coupling system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the centers of the input optical fiber (1), the input end cap (2), the output end cap (6) and the output optical fiber (7) are on a straight line;
the input optical fiber (1) and the input end cap (2) and the output optical fiber (7) and the output end cap (6) are respectively connected together through fusion welding.
5. A fiber optic intelligent coupling system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the fiber core diameter range of the input optical fiber (1) and the output optical fiber (7) is 1-180 mu m;
the diameter range of the inner cladding of the input optical fiber (1) and the output optical fiber (7) is 10-2500 mu m.
6. A fiber optic intelligent coupling system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the cladding light stripper (8) is arranged at the output end of the output optical fiber (7);
the cladding light stripper (8) can strip cladding light power within the range of 0-2000W.
7. A fiber optic intelligent coupling system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the algorithm adopted by the control component (10) comprises a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, a single dithering method, a multi-dithering method, a genetic algorithm or a simulated annealing algorithm.
8. A fiber optic intelligent coupling system according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein: the displacement assembly (11) comprises piezoelectric ceramics, a voice coil motor or an electric screw.
9. An optical fiber intelligent coupling method implemented by using the optical fiber intelligent coupling system according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps:
s100: firstly, respectively welding an end cap on an input optical fiber and an output optical fiber, so that the welding point of the input optical fiber and the input end cap and the welding point of the output optical fiber and the output end cap are just positioned on the focus of the end face of the corresponding end cap; the input end cap and the output end cap are respectively inserted into the corresponding insertion core end holes of the insertion core device, so that laser output from the input optical fiber is finally coupled and collimated to enter the output optical fiber;
s200: the laser leaked into the inner cladding of the output optical fiber due to deviation generated by the displacement of the end cap in the process of coupling the input optical fiber to the output optical fiber is stripped by the cladding stripper, the intensity of the stripped laser of the cladding stripper is detected by the photoelectric sensor and is sent to the control component as an evaluation function;
s300: the control assembly analyzes a control signal required by the displacement assembly according to an algorithm, then the control signal is transmitted to the displacement assembly with each dimension on the output end cap, and the displacement deviation is corrected rapidly, so that the closed-loop control of the alignment of the high-precision output end cap and the input end cap is realized;
s400: the control assembly iterates the control signals according to the algorithm, when the algorithm is optimized to an extreme value, the intelligent optical fiber coupling device reaches a stable state, the evaluation function acquired by the photoelectric sensor is stabilized at a maximum value, the coupling efficiency reaches an optimized effect, and therefore automatic alignment of the output end cap and the input end cap is achieved.
10. The intelligent optical fiber coupling method according to claim 9, wherein: when the algorithm in step S300 or step S400 is a random parallel gradient descent algorithm, the calculation process includes the following steps:
s401: firstly, an initial control voltage u is randomly set on a control component(0)={u1,u2,u3}(0)Respectively output to 3-dimensional displacement components on the output end cap;
s402: then, an initial evaluation function J is rapidly calculated through information acquired by the photoelectric sensor(m)；
S403: regenerating random disturbance voltage delta u(m)={ δu1, δu2, δu3}(m)And storing;
s404: will disturb the voltage delta u(m)And a control voltage u(m)Outputting to a displacement assembly with 3 dimensions;
s405: measuring an evaluation function J obtained after the disturbance of the previous step+ (m) ；
S406: the random disturbance voltage delta u in S403(m)Is inverted and is connected with the control voltage u(m)Accumulating and outputting to a displacement assembly;
s407: obtaining the evaluation function J after the disturbance of the previous step- (m) ；
S408: calculating the variation Delta J of the two evaluation functions(m)=J+ (m)- J- (m) ；
S409: according to the formula u(m+1) = u(m) +γδu(m)ΔJ(m)Updating the control voltage and outputting the control voltage to the displacement assembly to carry out the (m + 1) th iteration;
s410: repeating the step S403 to the step S409, and continuing to control the voltage until the system is stable;
wherein u is(0)={u1,u2,u3}(0)Is a disturbance voltage vector of the initial control parameter; delta u(m)={ δu1, δu2, δu3}(m)Is the disturbance voltage vector of the control parameter after the mth iteration; u. of(m)Is the disturbance voltage of the control parameter after the mth iteration; u. of(m+1)Is the disturbance voltage of the control parameter after the (m + 1) th iteration; γ is a gain factor; gamma delta u(m)Is the variation of the mth system performance index measurement; delta J(m)Is the perturbation voltage for the mth iteration.
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