CN112730996B - Method for measuring antenna and passive device - Google Patents
Method for measuring antenna and passive device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112730996B CN112730996B CN202011521327.5A CN202011521327A CN112730996B CN 112730996 B CN112730996 B CN 112730996B CN 202011521327 A CN202011521327 A CN 202011521327A CN 112730996 B CN112730996 B CN 112730996B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention provides a measuring method of an antenna and a passive device, which relates to the technical field of communication measurement, has a plurality of applicable scenes, has a frequency range from 100M to 40GHz, and is convenient to operate and low in cost; the method comprises the following steps: s1, placing a device to be tested in the test metering device, and connecting the device to be tested with a receiving power measuring instrument for measuring the receiving power; s2, connecting a feed-in end of the test metering device with a continuous wave feed-in instrument, and feeding a required continuous wave into the test metering device; s3, starting a received power measuring instrument and a continuous wave feeding instrument to start measurement; s4, calculating the electric field intensity of the position of the device to be tested according to the power fed into the continuous wave; the variable coaxial structure comprises an inner conductor and an outer conductor which are coaxially arranged, and an air cavity arranged between the inner conductor and the outer conductor; the device to be tested is arranged in the air cavity. The technical scheme provided by the invention is suitable for various communication measurement tests.
Description
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to the technical field of communication measurement, in particular to a measurement method of an antenna and a passive device.
[ background Art ]
With the development of communication technology, the frequency range used by a communication system is wider and wider, so that new challenges are provided for testing of antennas and passive devices, and the problems that the universality of a testing device and a testing method is not strong, different testing devices are required to be developed for different devices or materials and the like exist in various testing aspects related to electromagnetic fields. For the test of the antenna, traditionally, the anechoic chamber is mainly relied on, but the anechoic chamber has large occupied area, high price, complex operation and low test efficiency. For passive devices such as connectors and cable assemblies, shielding effectiveness is an important performance index, and conventionally, a coaxial test method, a GTEM cell method, an anechoic chamber irradiation method and the like are adopted, wherein the coaxial test method and the GTEM cell method have limited test frequency ranges, and the anechoic chamber irradiation method has complex operation and high price.
In addition, the initiating explosive device is a general term for disposable components and devices which are provided with gunpowder or explosive and can burn or explode after being stimulated by the outside to ignite the gunpowder, detonate the explosive or do mechanical work. The glow bridge wire type electric initiating explosive device ignites or detonates the energetic material through the electrothermal effect of the resistance wire, is widely applied to weapon ammunition and blasting engineering, and has high requirement on ignition reliability. The firing reliability of the initiating explosive device is determined by the sensitivity characteristics of the product. Especially in complex electromagnetic environments, it is very important to test the parameters of its disturbed failure, but efficient measuring methods have been lacking.
Accordingly, there is a need to develop a measurement method and apparatus for both antennas and passive devices that addresses the deficiencies of the prior art to solve or mitigate one or more of the problems described above.
[ invention ]
In view of the above, the invention provides a method and a device for measuring an antenna and a passive device, which are applicable to a plurality of scenes, can cover the frequency coverage range from 100MHz to 40GHz, do not need to replace the antenna in the test process, and are convenient to operate and low in cost.
On one hand, the invention provides a measuring method of an antenna and a passive device, which is characterized in that the measuring method is realized by adopting a testing and metering device with a gradual-change coaxial structure;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a device to be tested in the test metering device, and connecting the device to be tested with a receiving power measuring instrument for measuring the receiving power;
s2, connecting a feed-in end of the test metering device with a continuous wave feed-in instrument, and feeding a required continuous wave into the test metering device;
s3, starting a received power measuring instrument and a continuous wave feeding instrument to start measurement;
s4, calculating the electric field intensity of the position of the device to be tested according to the power fed into the continuous wave, or directly measuring the electric field intensity of the position by adopting an electric field probe.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where when the device under test is an antenna, the steps of the measurement method further include: and S5, calculating the gain of the antenna to be measured according to the electric field intensity and the received power obtained in the step S4.
In the aspects and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, and S6, calculating an antenna factor of the antenna to be measured according to the electric field strength and the received power obtained in S4.
In the foregoing aspect and any possible implementation manner, there is further provided an implementation manner, where, when the device under test is a passive device requiring electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, the steps of the measurement method further include: and (4) calculating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the passive device according to the electric field intensity obtained in the step (S4) and the measured receiving power.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the passive device is a coaxial cable, and a vertical section of the coaxial cable is parallel to a central axis of the test metering device.
In the aspects and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where when the device to be tested is an initiating explosive device bridge wire, the content of the measurement method includes: preparing a plurality of bridge wires to be detected with the same specification, and performing the steps of S1-S4 one by one until the electric field strength of the position of the bridge wire to be detected when the bridge wire to be detected is blind critical is obtained;
when in measurement, the time of electromagnetic wave irradiation on the current bridge wire to be measured is ensured to reach the preset length. The specific length of the irradiation time is determined according to the specification of the bridge wire to be measured and experience and historical data.
The initiating explosive device bridge wire is one of passive devices.
The aspects and any possible implementation manner as described above further provide an implementation manner, wherein during the measurement process, a continuous wave feed-in parameter of the first bridge wire to be measured is determined according to empirical data; starting from the second bridge wire to be tested, the continuous wave feed-in parameters of the bridge wire to be tested are adjusted according to the blind-out condition and the continuous wave feed-in parameters of the bridge wire to be tested.
In accordance with aspects and any one of the possible implementations described above, there is further provided an implementation in which the tapered coaxial structure includes an inner conductor and an outer conductor coaxially disposed, and an air chamber disposed therebetween; the device to be tested is arranged in the air cavity; one end of the gradual change coaxial structure is used as a feed-in end, and the other end of the gradual change coaxial structure is provided with a device for absorbing waves;
the cross-sections of the inner conductor and the outer conductor each have graded properties.
In aspects and any one of the possible implementations described above, there is further provided an implementation, the tapered coaxial structure being a single-tip tapered coaxial structure or a double-tip tapered coaxial structure;
the non-sharp end of the single-tip gradual-change coaxial structure is provided with a wave-absorbing material; the wave-absorbing material covers the whole bottom surface of the end part;
the double-tip gradual change coaxial structure comprises two single-tip gradual change coaxial structures, an inner conductor of each single-tip gradual change coaxial structure is connected with the bottom surface of the inner conductor, an outer conductor is connected with the bottom surface of the outer conductor, and two air cavities are communicated; one tip of the double-tip gradual-change coaxial structure is used as a feed-in end, and the other tip is provided with a load for absorbing waves.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, in which the two inner conductors and the two outer conductors in the dual-tip tapered coaxial structure are connected in the same manner, and are directly connected or connected in a straight line.
In aspects and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the frequency coverage range of the tapered coaxial structure is 100MHz-40GHz.
In the aspects and any possible implementation manner as described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the calculation formula of the electric field strength in step S4 is:
wherein E is the electric field intensity of the position of the device to be tested, and the unit is V/m; η (eta) 0 Is vacuum wave impedance; p is the power fed into the continuous wave by the port, and the unit is W; z is Z 0 Is the input impedance; r is the distance between the center position of the device to be tested and the central axis of the test metering device.
In the aspects and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where a calculation formula of the antenna gain to be measured is:
wherein P is r For the received power, G is the gain of the antenna to be measured and λ is the wavelength.
In the aspects and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where a calculation formula of electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the passive device is as follows:
wherein P is c For receiving power; p (P) a Is the reference power;
in the aspects and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where a calculation formula of the antenna factor is:
wherein E is the electric field intensity of the position of the device to be tested; p (P) r For receiving power; z is Z L Is the load impedance; AF is the antenna factor.
Aspects and any one of the possible implementations described above, further providing an implementation of determining whether the bridgewire is blind; if yes, replacing the next bridge wire to be tested, reducing the field intensity of the electromagnetic field, and repeating the test; if the bridge wire is not blind, replacing the next bridge wire to be detected, increasing the electromagnetic field intensity, and repeating the test until the critical field intensity of the blind bridge wire meeting the precision requirement is obtained.
The aspects and any possible implementations as described above, further provide an implementation in which the tapering property is in particular that the radius of the cross section increases or decreases linearly or non-linearly.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the outer conductor and the inner conductor are both conical, and the taper of the two is different.
In the aspect and any possible implementation manner described above, there is further provided an implementation manner, where the straight line engagement is specifically: the two cone bottom surfaces are connected through a cylinder connecting piece.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can obtain the following technical effects: the device is generally used for tests such as antenna gain measurement, passive device electromagnetic shielding capability measurement, initiating explosive device bridge wire performance measurement (mainly referring to determination and measurement of blind critical field intensity), communication comprehensive tester calibration and the like, has multiple application scenes, can cover the frequency coverage range from 100MHz to 40GHz, does not need to replace an antenna in the test process, and is convenient to operate and low in cost.
Of course, it is not necessary for any of the products embodying the invention to achieve all of the technical effects described above at the same time.
[ description of the drawings ]
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a measurement method provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a single tip tapered coaxial structure provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a single tip tapered coaxial structure provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a dual tip tapered coaxial structure provided by one embodiment of the present invention; wherein, fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of a direct connection double-tip structure, and fig. 4 (b) is a schematic diagram of a straight line connection double-tip structure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an antenna test configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coaxial cable shielding effectiveness test configuration according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a bridge wire in an electromagnetic environment simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a bridge wire in a dc equivalent measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein, in the figure:
1. an inner conductor; 2. an outer conductor; 3. an air chamber; 4. a port; 5. a wave absorbing material; 6. and (3) loading.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
For a better understanding of the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The application aims to provide a novel method and a device for testing an antenna and a passive device, which can realize broadband antenna gain test, electromagnetic shielding performance test of a connector and a cable, and test of a initiating explosive device bridge wire through a universal device.
The testing device of the antenna and the passive device is an ultra-wideband gradual change coaxial cavity, and the structure of the cavity can be a single-tip gradual change coaxial structure or a double-tip gradual change coaxial structure. As shown in fig. 2, the structure comprises a metal inner conductor 1, a metal outer conductor 2 and an air cavity 3, wherein the air cavity 3 is filled with air to play the effect of an insulating layer; a wave absorbing material 5 is provided at the non-tip end of the structure to absorb the unnecessary electromagnetic waves and not reflect them. For a single point tapered coaxial structure, the sharp end is a small coaxial structure (i.e., port 4 in fig. 2) that can be connected to a common rf coaxial connector. The cross-sectional area of the inner and outer conductors gradually increases in the process of extending from the sharp end to the other end, and the ratio of the change can be linear or nonlinear, and when the ratio of the change is linear, the inner conductor 1 and the outer conductor 2 are in a conical shape. Based on the electromagnetic wave transmission principle, transverse electromagnetic waves are generated and propagated between the inner conductor 1 and the outer conductor 2, and the electric field direction is a direction from the inner conductor toward the outer conductor, as shown in fig. 3. When the air cavity with transverse electromagnetic waves between the inner conductor and the outer conductor is large enough, the terminal such as an antenna to be tested, a passive device or a mobile phone can be placed in the air cavity for testing.
An example of a double cone structure is shown in fig. 4. For the double-tip gradual-change coaxial structure, the whole structure is a structure with two cone bottom surfaces connected, and the two cone bottom surfaces can be directly connected during connection, as shown in fig. 4 (a); the connection can also be performed by means of a connecting piece (i.e. an inner hollow cylinder is arranged between two bottom surfaces, and two end surfaces of the cylinder are respectively connected with the bottom surfaces of two cones), as shown in the connection structure of fig. 4 (b), and the design can increase the space for placing the tested object. The structures of the two conical points can be connected with a universal radio frequency connector, wherein electromagnetic waves are fed in from one conical point, and the other conical point can be connected with a coaxial load 6 to absorb the energy of the electromagnetic waves and prevent the energy from reflecting. The middle part is a structure with gradually enlarged cross section, and the expansion ratio can be linear or nonlinear.
The device can be applied to various scenes for testing and metering the antenna and the passive device, and as shown in fig. 1, the measuring method specifically comprises the following steps: 1. the method for testing the antenna gain comprises the steps of placing an antenna to be tested in an air cavity with a gradual coaxial structure, and connecting the antenna to be tested with a receiving power measuring instrument for measuring the receiving power; the port of the gradual coaxial structure is connected with a signal source or a power amplifier and is used for feeding a continuous wave; and calculating the electric field intensity of the position of the antenna to be measured according to the power fed into the continuous wave, and then calculating the gain of the antenna to be measured based on the electric field intensity and the measured received power. 2. The method for testing the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the passive device comprises the steps of placing the device to be tested in an air cavity of a gradual-change coaxial structure, ensuring that the part except the device to be tested in the air cavity is wrapped by shielding materials to prevent additional leakage influence, and connecting the device to be tested with a receiving power measuring instrument for measuring receiving power; the port of the gradual coaxial structure is connected with a signal source or a power amplifier and is used for feeding a continuous wave; and calculating the electric field intensity of the position of the device to be tested according to the power fed into the continuous wave, and then calculating the shielding effectiveness of the device to be tested based on the electric field intensity and the measured receiving power. 3. The method for measuring the blind critical field intensity of the initiating explosive device bridge wire comprises the steps of transmitting electromagnetic waves with specific frequency, pulse and field intensity into a gradual coaxial structure, and monitoring the electromagnetic field intensity of the position where the bridge wire to be measured is positioned by using an electromagnetic field sensor; keeping the time of the electromagnetic wave irradiated on the bridge wire to reach a preset length; judging whether the bridgewire is blind; if yes, replacing the next bridge wire to be tested, reducing the field intensity of the electromagnetic field, and repeating the test; if the bridge wire is not blind, replacing the next bridge wire to be detected, increasing the electromagnetic field intensity, and repeating the test until the critical field intensity of the blind bridge wire meeting the precision requirement is obtained.
The detailed description of the various measurement methods is as follows:
1. the above device can be used for measuring antenna gain. As shown in fig. 5, an antenna gain measurement graph is performed for a single cone structure. The step of measuring the antenna gain includes:
step one), an antenna to be measured is placed on a placing table in an air cavity, the polarization direction of the antenna is required to be consistent with the electric field direction of the device, and the antenna is connected with a receiving instrument such as a spectrum analyzer or a measuring receiver. A signal source or a power amplifier is connected to the tip port 4 of the ultra-wideband graded coaxial cavity for feeding continuous wave power, and the port 4 is also of a coaxial structure. The electric field intensity of the position of the antenna to be measured can be calculated by the formula (1) or obtained by testing a field intensity probe.
E in the formula (1) is the electric field intensity of the position where the antenna to be detected is located, and the unit is V/m. η (eta) 0 The vacuum wave impedance is 120 pi Ohm. P is the power fed into the continuous wave by the port, and the unit is W; z is Z 0 =50 Ohm, the input impedance; r is the distance between the center of the antenna to be measured and the axis of the ultra-wideband gradual change coaxial cavity, namely the measurement radius.
The power measured by the spectrum analyzer is recorded as P r Therefore, the gain of the antenna to be measured can be calculated by the formula (2).
Where G is the gain of the antenna to be measured and λ is the wavelength.
Furthermore, by measuring the electric field strength and the received power, the antenna factor can also be obtained based on the equation (3).
The output voltage of the middle electric wire end is
The load impedance is Z L ＝50Ohm。
2. The foregoing apparatus may be used to measure shielding effectiveness of passive devices, such as during connectors, coaxial cables, and the like. As shown in fig. 6, the passive device shielding effectiveness graph is measured for a single cone structure. The measuring process comprises the following steps:
the cable to be tested is placed in the ultra-wideband gradient coaxial cavity, the vertical section needs to be parallel to the central axis of the device, and the electric field intensity along the cable position of the vertical section can be considered to be basically stable. A signal source or power amplifier is used to feed a continuous wave signal into the tapered coaxial structure. The electric field intensity E at the tested cable is calculated based on the formula (1), or the electric field intensity E at the tested cable can be measured by using an electric field probe, and then the receiving power of an ideal omni-directional receiving antenna under the excitation of the field intensity E is:
where λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave at that frequency, obviously P a Can be used as reference power; the power measured at that frequency by the receiver or spectrometer of FIG. 6 is then denoted as P c The shielding effectiveness of the coaxial cable relative to the reference power can be calculated by the equation (5):
the shielding effectiveness of the cables to be tested with different lengths can be measured by changing the length of the cables to be tested in the ultra-wideband gradual coaxial cavity. It should be noted that: if the object to be tested is a coaxial connector, the cables at two ends of the connector to be tested in the ultra-wideband gradual change coaxial cavity are wrapped by a metal tube, so that the leakage of the cables can be prevented from affecting the shielding effectiveness test result of the connector.
3. The device can also be used for measuring initiating explosive device bridging wires:
the blind critical field intensity of the bridge wire under different electromagnetic field irradiation conditions is measured, an electromagnetic environment is simulated by using a gradual coaxial structure or a biconical cavity, namely electromagnetic waves with certain frequency, pulse, field intensity and other parameters are emitted in the cavity, and the field intensity of a space where a bridge wire sample to be measured is located is monitored by using an electromagnetic field sensor. Preparing a plurality of bridge wire samples to be tested, putting the bridge wire samples one by one, putting only one bridge wire sample to be tested at a time, and enabling electromagnetic waves to irradiate the bridge wire for a period of time, if the bridge wire is not blind, properly increasing the electromagnetic field intensity, otherwise properly reducing the electromagnetic field intensity, and performing interpolation prediction by the ratio of the reduction and the increase according to the previous measurement result until the bridge wire blind critical field intensity is obtained.
And measuring equivalent induced currents of the bridge wire in different electromagnetic field environments, and detecting the induced currents generated on the bridge wire in the bridge wire discharge magnetic environment simulation device. The electromagnetic environment simulation device can be antenna radiation, waveguide, transverse electromagnetic wave cell, gradual coaxial structure and the like, the environment emits electromagnetic waves with certain frequency, pulse, field intensity and other preset parameters, two pins of the bridge wire can absorb energy like an antenna, so that microwave current is generated on the bridge wire, and the equivalent current measuring method comprises the following steps: the first step: as shown in fig. 7, when the electromagnetic wave is started, the thermal infrared imager is used for monitoring the temperature of the center load of the bridge wire, and after the temperature is stable, the temperature is recorded as TB1; and a second step of: the electromagnetic wave of the electromagnetic environment simulation device is kept unchanged relative to the first step, as shown in fig. 8, a direct current circuit is arranged for the bridge wire, the direct current circuit comprises a direct current voltage source and a ammeter, the temperature at the central load of the bridge wire is monitored by using a thermal infrared imager under the condition of constant voltage, the temperature is recorded as TBt after the temperature is stabilized, if TBt is smaller than TB1, the voltage is increased, the temperature after the stabilization at the central load of the bridge wire is measured again, if TBt is larger than TB1, the voltage is reduced, the temperature after the stabilization at the central load of the bridge wire is measured again until TBt approaches to be smaller than TB1, the direct current IE of the ammeter at the moment is measured, namely the equivalent induction direct current of the electromagnetic environment in the first step, and the direct current IE can be used for comparing with the direct current sensitivity test result of the bridge wire to judge whether the electromagnetic environment can cause the bridge wire to be blind.
Example 1:
the gain of the wideband small antenna was tested according to the method for measuring antenna gain described above. And placing the antenna to be tested on a storage table in the air cavity, enabling the polarization direction of the antenna to be consistent with the electric field direction of the device, and connecting the antenna with a spectrum analyzer. And connecting a signal source at the tip end port of the ultra-wideband gradual change coaxial cavity, and feeding continuous wave power. The electric field intensity E of the position of the antenna to be tested is obtained through testing of a field intensity probe.
The received power of the antenna is measured by a spectrum analyzer, and then the gain and the antenna factor of the antenna can be obtained by formulas (2) and (3). The test results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 antenna gain and antenna factor test results
Example 2:
the shielding effectiveness of the coaxial cable was tested according to the method for testing the shielding effectiveness of the passive device. The cable to be tested is placed in an ultra-wideband gradient coaxial cavity, and the vertical section is parallel to the central axis of the device. Feeding continuous wave signals to the gradual-change coaxial structure by using a signal source, measuring the electric field intensity E at the cable to be tested by using an electric field probe, and obtaining the receiving power P of an ideal omnidirectional receiving antenna under the excitation of the field intensity E based on a formula a . The power measured by the spectrometer at this frequency is then noted as P c The shielding effectiveness of the coaxial cable with respect to the reference power can be obtained. The measurement results are shown in table 2.
Table 2 results of coaxial cable shielding effectiveness test
The method and the device for measuring the antenna and the passive device provided by the embodiment of the application are described in detail. The above description of embodiments is only for aiding in understanding the method of the present application and its core ideas; meanwhile, as those skilled in the art will have modifications in the specific embodiments and application scope in accordance with the ideas of the present application, the present description should not be construed as limiting the present application in view of the above.
Certain terms are used throughout the description and claims to refer to particular components. Those of skill in the art will appreciate that a hardware manufacturer may refer to the same component by different names. The description and claims do not take the form of an element differentiated by name, but rather by functionality. As referred to throughout the specification and claims, the terms "comprising," including, "and" includes "are intended to be interpreted as" including/comprising, but not limited to. By "substantially" is meant that within an acceptable error range, a person skilled in the art is able to solve the technical problem within a certain error range, substantially achieving the technical effect. The description hereinafter sets forth the preferred embodiment for carrying out the present application, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present application in general, for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present application. The scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a product or system that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such product or system. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a commodity or system comprising such elements.
It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is merely one relationship describing the association of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, may represent: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the front and rear associated objects are an "or" relationship.
While the foregoing description illustrates and describes the preferred embodiments of the present application, it is to be understood that this application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as an exclusive use of other embodiments, and is capable of many other combinations, modifications and environments, and adaptations within the scope of the teachings described herein, through the foregoing teachings or through the knowledge or skills of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are intended to be within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The measuring method of the antenna and the passive device is characterized in that the measuring method is realized by adopting a testing and metering device with a gradual-change coaxial structure;
the measuring method comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a device to be tested in the test metering device, and connecting the device to be tested with a receiving power measuring instrument for measuring the receiving power;
s2, connecting a feed-in end of the test metering device with a continuous wave feed-in instrument, and feeding a required continuous wave into the test metering device;
s3, starting a received power measuring instrument and a continuous wave feeding instrument to start measurement;
s4, calculating the electric field intensity of the position of the device to be tested according to the power fed into the continuous wave, or directly measuring the electric field intensity of the position by adopting an electric field probe;
the device to be tested is an antenna or a passive device or an initiating explosive device bridge wire;
the gradual change coaxial structure is a double-tip gradual change coaxial structure;
the double-tip gradual change coaxial structure comprises two single-tip gradual change coaxial structures, an inner conductor of the two single-tip gradual change coaxial structures is connected with the bottom surface of the inner conductor, an outer conductor is connected with the bottom surface of the outer conductor, and two air cavities are communicated; one tip of the double-tip gradual-change coaxial structure is used as a feed-in end, and the other tip is provided with a load for absorbing waves;
the single-tip gradual change coaxial structure comprises an inner conductor, an outer conductor and an air cavity, wherein the inner conductor and the outer conductor are coaxially arranged; the device to be tested is arranged in the air cavity;
the cross-sections of the inner conductor and the outer conductor each have graded properties.
2. The method of measuring an antenna and a passive device according to claim 1, wherein when the device under test is an antenna, the method further comprises the steps of:
and S5, calculating the gain of the antenna to be measured according to the electric field intensity and the received power obtained in the step S4.
3. The method for measuring the antenna and the passive device according to claim 2, wherein the antenna factor of the antenna to be measured is calculated according to the electric field strength and the received power obtained in the step S6.
4. The method for measuring an antenna and a passive device according to claim 1, wherein when the device to be measured is a passive device requiring electromagnetic shielding effectiveness, the method further comprises the steps of:
and (4) calculating the electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of the passive device according to the electric field intensity obtained in the step (S4) and the measured receiving power.
5. The method of measuring an antenna and a passive device according to claim 4, wherein when the passive device is a coaxial cable, a vertical section of the coaxial cable is parallel to a central axis of the test meter.
6. The method for measuring an antenna and a passive device according to claim 1, wherein when the device to be measured is an initiating explosive device bridge wire, the content of the measuring method comprises: preparing a plurality of bridge wires to be detected with the same specification, and performing the steps of S1-S4 one by one until the electric field strength of the position of the bridge wire to be detected when the bridge wire to be detected is blind critical is obtained;
when in measurement, the time of electromagnetic wave irradiation on the current bridge wire to be measured is ensured to reach the preset length.
7. The method of measuring an antenna and a passive device according to claim 6, wherein in the measuring process, a continuous wave feed-in parameter of the first bridge wire to be measured is determined according to empirical data; starting from the second bridge wire to be tested, the continuous wave feed-in parameters of the bridge wire to be tested are adjusted according to the blind-out condition and the continuous wave feed-in parameters of the bridge wire to be tested.
8. The method of measuring antennas and passive devices of claim 1, wherein the graduated coaxial structure has a frequency coverage of 100MHz-40GHz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011521327.5A CN112730996B (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2020-12-21 | Method for measuring antenna and passive device |
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