CN112730814A - Rapid assessment method for engine oil friction performance of engine - Google Patents

Rapid assessment method for engine oil friction performance of engine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112730814A
CN112730814A CN202011628611.2A CN202011628611A CN112730814A CN 112730814 A CN112730814 A CN 112730814A CN 202011628611 A CN202011628611 A CN 202011628611A CN 112730814 A CN112730814 A CN 112730814A
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engine oil
oil
engine
test
performance
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银增辉
张恩兴
李国田
李孟良
刘玉光
李腾腾
邱君
郝婧
丁雨青
刘斌
李粟
邹林
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China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co Ltd
CATARC Automotive Test Center Tianjin Co Ltd
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China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co Ltd
CATARC Automotive Test Center Tianjin Co Ltd
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
    • G01N33/28Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/2888Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/26Oils; viscous liquids; paints; inks
    • G01N33/28Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
    • G01N33/30Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids for lubricating properties

Abstract

The invention provides a quick assessment method for the friction performance of engine oil, and the method comprises the following steps of S1: building a test bench and selecting a proper oil injection angle; s2: selecting different types of engine oil for testing, taking engine oil samples at regular intervals, and detecting the soot content of the samples; s3: and measuring the characteristic physicochemical index and the tribological characteristic index of the engine oil, determining the aging working condition and finishing the evaluation. The quick assessment method for the friction performance of the engine oil is created, the accelerated aging of the engine oil is realized by adjusting the appropriate post-injection angle, the operation method is simple and effective, the cost is low, and the authenticity and the reliability are increased for the analysis of the tribological characteristics of the engine oil. The method saves a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time cost, realizes more comprehensive evaluation on the quality of the engine oil in a short time and at a low cost, and has important theoretical guiding significance for solving practical problems such as oil selection and oil change.

Description

Rapid assessment method for engine oil friction performance of engine
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine oil performance detection, and particularly relates to a quick assessment method for engine oil friction performance.
Background
The engine oil has the functions of lubrication, friction reduction, cooling, cleaning, sealing and the like in the running process of an engine, wherein the main functions are lubrication and friction reduction. In recent years, as internal combustion engines are continuously developed towards high power and high torque, the temperature and pressure in engine cylinders are continuously increased, and the working environment of engine lubricating oil is increasingly severe. Under the environment, the engine oil is aged gradually along with the continuous running of the engine, so that the viscosity of the engine oil is reduced gradually, the fluidity and the heat dissipation performance are reduced, and in addition, the acidity, the iron element content, the soot content and the like of the engine oil are increased gradually. In the process of engine oil aging, the deterioration of the physicochemical indexes of the engine oil can generate certain influence on the quality of the engine oil, thereby accelerating the abrasion of engine parts, reducing the fuel economy and even influencing the normal operation of the engine, and causing the accidents of cylinder pulling and the like of the engine in serious cases.
Therefore, the engine oil performance change trend in the aging process is explored, the performance parameter change trend of the lubricating oil with different grades in the aging working condition is analyzed, and the tribological characteristics of the anti-abrasion and anti-wear performance are measured, analyzed and evaluated, so that the engine oil performance evaluation is necessary, and the engine oil performance evaluation method has important significance for selecting the lubricating oil grade, the oil change time, the optimization design of the engine and other related problems.
The existing measurement and analysis research on physicochemical indexes in the engine oil aging process is mainly based on a long-time bench test or a long-mileage driving test, engine oil samples are taken at regular intervals of time or mileage intervals and are measured and analyzed, so that the change degree of the engine oil performance is quantitatively evaluated, and the test method has important significance for realizing oil change according to quality, but consumes a large amount of time and economic cost; the method for researching the influence of soot on the tribological characteristics of engine oil mainly comprises the steps of adding a soot simulator as a soot substitute into the engine oil, and generally applying carbon black as a soot substitute similar to the physical form of soot in the tribological test of the engine oil so as to examine the tribological characteristics of the engine oil containing soot. In fact, the method of directly adding soot substitutes into engine oil still cannot simulate the soot-containing engine oil generated under the actual operating environment of a real engine, because the soot generation process is complex and mainly caused by incomplete combustion of fuel oil, and other factors influencing soot generation, such as failed piston rings or fuel injectors, excessive idling, improper fuel spray form or improper air-fuel ratio and the like, cause the dynamic influence of soot on various properties of engine oil in the formation process to be constantly changed. However, if the soot-containing engine oil produced in a real engine operating environment is simulated through normal driving tests of hundreds of thousands of kilometers or long-time bench tests, a great deal of manpower, material resources and time cost are consumed, which is also the reason why the direct tribology test by adding the soot substitute is still commonly used at present.
In view of the above, the invention aims to design a rapid assessment method for physicochemical indexes and friction performance of engine oil accelerated aging, which is based on an engine test bed capable of realizing the accelerated aging of the engine oil, realizes the rapid aging of the engine oil under the condition of simulating the real operation of an engine, and utilizes a standard test method and a four-ball friction wear testing machine to measure, analyze and evaluate the friction performance of the engine oil, thereby completing the rapid assessment of the engine oil performance.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for rapidly evaluating the frictional performance of engine oil, and mainly aims to rapidly evaluate the tribological performance of different aged engine oil so as to rapidly evaluate the quality of the engine oil.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a quick assessment method for the friction performance of engine oil,
firstly, an engine test bench is built, an engine bench pre-test is carried out, the soot generation speed is accelerated by adjusting the post-injection angle, and the engine oil aging process under normal conditions is simulated. Selecting proper oil injection angles of the engine, wherein the initial selected back injection angles of the oil injector are +1 degree, -3 degree and-5 degree, and the oil injection angle is determined to be 1 degree (+1 degree) before the top dead center according to the comprehensive consideration of soot growth rate, exhaust temperature and operation stability.
Secondly, measuring the soot generation rate and the exhaust temperature of the cylinder, comprehensively considering the soot generation rate and the engine heat load, and determining the optimal post-injection angle in order to ensure that soot is generated quickly while the test is operated stably, wherein the determination of the accelerated aging strategy is completed through the pre-test process.
And thirdly, selecting different lubricating oil for testing, performing an engine oil accelerated aging bench test on the different lubricating oil, and verifying whether the soot generation amount after accelerated aging meets the requirement.
And fourthly, taking an engine oil sample at regular intervals in the process of the accelerated aging bench test so as to be required by the performance detection of subsequent engine oil. The above is the implementation of accelerated aging bench test and sampling. The test condition is determined to be 1800r/min, the load factor is determined to be 100%, and the running time is 100 hours.
And fifthly, measuring physical and chemical indexes and tribological characteristic indexes of the obtained engine oil sample. The physical and chemical indexes of kinematic viscosity, pH value and iron element content of the engine oil sample are measured by GB and ASTM standard test methods/conditions.
And sixthly, measuring the wear resistance and wear reduction indexes such as the wear-spot diameter, the friction coefficient and the like of the engine oil sample by using a four-ball friction and wear testing machine.
And seventhly, after the physical and chemical indexes and the tribological characteristic indexes of the engine oil sample are measured, determining the variation trends of different indexes according to the measured data, and performing performance comparative analysis on different engine oils. The above is the realization of the measurement and analysis of the engine oil performance index.
And eighthly, finally finishing oil performance and quality evaluation according to the determination of the engine oil accelerated aging strategy, the implementation of accelerated aging bench tests and sampling and the implementation of engine oil performance index measurement and analysis.
An engine accelerated aging test bench is built to serve as a special lubricating oil rapid examination bench to simulate the running and aging of lubricating oil in an engine under normal conditions and determine the test working condition of the engine bench.
By increasing the oil injection delay angle, the incomplete combustion of fuel oil to a greater extent is realized, the aging speed of the lubricating oil is accelerated, and a large amount of soot is generated in a short time so as to simulate the engine oil aging process under normal conditions. According to the set different after-spraying angles, the soot growth rate under different after-spraying angles is measured and determined. Meanwhile, the exhaust temperature under different post-injection angles is measured, and the exhaust temperature is higher when the post-injection angle is larger generally, which means that the quantity of incompletely combusted fuel in a cylinder is increased when the post-injection angle is larger, and more fuel is continuously combusted in an exhaust manifold to cause the temperature to rise. The excessive high exhaust temperature can lead to the higher heat load of the engine, the worse operation stability and the easy occurrence of various faults. And comprehensively considering the stable operation of the test and the quick generation of soot, selecting a proper post-injection angle and determining an oil injection strategy.
Different oil products are selected for testing, the engine runs for a certain time at a proper post-injection angle, an engine oil sample is taken at a certain time interval, the sampled soot content is detected, and whether the rapid generation of soot is realized or not, namely the rapid aging of the engine oil is determined. The method comprises the steps of analyzing physicochemical indexes and tribology of engine oil samples at regular intervals, mainly measuring the kinematic viscosity, the pH value and the iron element content of the engine oil samples by adopting a standard test method/condition, and determining the physicochemical index change trends of different oil products; the method is characterized in that a friction and wear four-ball tester is adopted to carry out engine oil tribology characteristic test research on an engine oil sample, the four-ball tester runs under a set working condition, the diameter of a wear scar and the friction coefficient of the engine oil sample are measured, and the wear resistance and wear reduction change trends of different oil products in the aging process are determined.
After the different oil products are quickly aged, the change trend of the antifriction property is contrastively analyzed and evaluated, so that the quality of the different oil products is quickly checked.
Compared with the prior art, the quick assessment method for the friction performance of the engine oil has the following advantages:
firstly, the accelerated aging of the engine oil is realized by adjusting a proper post-injection angle, and the realization principle and the operation method of the rapid aging technology are simple and effective and have low cost.
Secondly, the engine oil aging speed can be accelerated by utilizing the original mechanism of soot generation, a large amount of soot can be generated in a short time, the formation process of the soot-containing engine oil in the normal engine oil aging process can be rapidly simulated, and compared with the method of directly adding a soot substitute, the method increases the authenticity and the reliability for analyzing the tribological characteristics of the engine oil.
Thirdly, the normal driving test and the bench test with long time and high cost can be avoided through the accelerated aging technology, and a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time cost are saved.
Fourthly, quantitative analysis and evaluation of the physical and chemical indexes of the engine oil can be rapidly realized according to standard test methods/conditions by the accelerated aging technology.
And fifthly, the tribological characteristics of the engine oil can be rapidly analyzed and evaluated by combining a frictional wear four-ball testing machine and the accelerated aging technology.
Sixth, through the rapid assessment method for the physicochemical indexes and the tribological characteristics of the engine oil for accelerated aging, the quality of the engine oil can be comprehensively evaluated in a short time and at a low cost, and the method has important theoretical guidance significance for solving practical problems such as oil selection and oil change.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a table of the wear scar diameters for oil A and oil B;
FIG. 3 is a table of the coefficient of friction for oils A and B;
FIG. 4 is a graph of soot content of oil A and oil B;
FIG. 5 is an evaluation of particle sizes for oil A and oil B;
FIG. 6 shows the base numbers of oils A and B;
FIG. 7 shows the acid numbers of oil A and oil B.
Description of reference numerals:
1-an engine bench pre-test module; 2-post-spraying angle adjusting module; 3-a soot generation rate measurement module; 4-an exhaust temperature measurement module; 5-an optimal post-spray angle determination module; 6-test lubricating oil selection module; 7-a rapid aging bench test module; 8-soot generation amount verification module; 9-an engine oil sampling module; 10-a physical and chemical index measuring module; 11-a tribology characteristics measuring module; 12-standard measurement methods/conditions; 13-four-ball friction wear testing machine measuring method; 14-kinematic viscosity measurement module; 15-a pH value measuring module; 16-iron element content measuring module; 17-a scrub spot diameter measurement module; 18-coefficient of friction measurement module; 19-performance index comparison analysis measuring module; 20-an accelerated aging strategy determination module; 21-accelerated aging test and sampling module; 22-performance index measurement and analysis module; and 23-oil performance and quality evaluation module.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The invention is described in detail below with reference to experimental examples and the accompanying drawings.
Experimental example 1
The experiment adopts the Weichai WP13 engine as the testing machine to establish special lubricating oil quick examination rack, and the air inlet form is pressure boost intercooling, and the cylinder number is 6, and the cylinder arrangement form is the in-line, and the emission standard is national V, and the emission control mode is automatically controlled high pressure common rail + SCR, and the bore stroke is 127mm 165mm, and the total displacement of piston is 12.54L, and calibration power is 368kW (1900r/min), and maximum torque is 2400N · m (1000 increases 1400 r/min). The test condition is selected to be 1800r/min 100% load.
The soot generation is accelerated by using a late injection strategy in such a way that the injection delay angle is increased, and the late injection angles are respectively selected to be +1 DEG, -3 DEG and-5 deg. With the continuous delay of the post-spray angle, the soot formation rate is increased, and the soot growth rate is gradually increased from 0.06%/h at +1 ° to-5 ° 0.14%/h, so that the time required to reach the target soot content of 5% correspondingly decreases from 83.33h at +1 ° to 35.71h at-5 °.
However, with the continuous delay of the post-injection angle, the exhaust temperature and the post-vortex temperature of 6 cylinders of the engine are increased. When the post-spraying angle is 5 degrees, the post-whirling temperature can even reach 640 ℃, and the temperature in each cylinder exceeds 700 degrees. The excessive temperature can cause the thermal load of the engine to be higher, the running stability is poorer, and various faults are easy to occur. To ensure stable operation and faster soot formation, the test was carried out using a fuel injection angle of 1 ° (+1 °) before top dead center, at a post-vortex temperature of about 590 ℃ and a maximum temperature of 720 ℃ in 6 cylinders.
The test selects diesel engine oil with 15W-40 viscosity of CJ-4 grade and CI-4 grade as A oil and B oil to carry out accelerated aging bench test, the test is carried out for 100 hours under the full load of 1800r/min, and engine oil samples are taken every 5 hours. After the engine oil samples are tested, the soot growth of the two engine oils under the condition is basically consistent, the soot content of the two engine oils can reach the requirement of 5% when the engine oil is operated for 100 hours, the soot degree equivalent to that of the engine which is normally operated for more than 2500 hours under the full load is realized, and the accelerated aging effect is obvious.
And measuring physical and chemical indexes of the engine oil sample, including kinematic viscosity, pH value and iron element content. The kinematic viscosities of the oil A and the oil B show obvious increasing trends at 40 ℃ and 100 ℃, and the difference between the two engine oils is larger and larger along with the time. The kinematic viscosity of the two engine oils at 100 ℃ is 15mm in the initial stage2Around/s, then the viscosity of the A oil increases significantly faster than the B oil. By 100 hours, the viscosity of the oil A is 23.43mm2/s, the viscosity of the oil B is 21.48mm2/s, and the difference between the two is very obvious. The acid value of A oil is increased from 1.86mgKOH/g to 3.89mgKOH/g, the acid value of B oil is increased from 2.3mgKOH/g to 3.08mgKOH/g, the acid value of the A oil is lower than that of B oil in the early stage, but the increase speed of the A oil is obviously higher than that of the B oil along with the accelerated aging of the engine oil, and the acid value of the A oil is obviously higher than that of the B oil in the period from A to 100 hours. An excessively fast increase in acid number can cause the quality of the engine oil to be affected, accelerate wear of engine parts, and affect normal operation of the engine. The base number of the oil A is obviously higher than that of the oil B, the base number of the oil A shows a linear descending trend along with the accelerated aging of the lubricating oil, and is reduced from the initial 8.16mgKOH/g to 6.33mgKOH/g, and the oil B has no obvious change, which shows that the oil A has higher oxidation resistance and prolongs the service life of the lubricating oil. For the content of the iron element, the content of the iron element in the oil B is relatively close to that of the oil A before the first 20 hours, after 20 hours, the rising speed of the iron element in the oil B is obviously higher than that of the oil A, the content of the iron element in the oil B reaches 75ppm when the oil B reaches 100 hours, the content of the oil A is 59ppm, the engine friction degree of the oil A is relatively low, the oil A has better lubricity, the oil A is 01, and the oil B is 03, which is shown in the figure 2-7.
TABLE 1 initial physicochemical Properties of oils A and B
Figure BDA0002873548760000071
And measuring tribological characteristic indexes including the diameter of the wear marks and the friction coefficient of the engine oil sample by adopting a frictional wear four-ball testing machine. The four-ball machine is set to operate at 1200r/min, 40N and 100 ℃. The abrasive grain diameters of the oil A and the oil B are increased continuously along with the increase of time, and when the oil film with too high soot content cannot completely cover, the abrasive grain diameters are increased sharply. The diameter of the abrasion mark of the oil A is increased at a relatively flat rate in the first 40 hours, the diameter of the abrasion mark is not obviously changed in the interval of 45-80 hours, the soot reaches 4.1 percent of the oil film after 80 hours and cannot be completely covered, and the diameter of the abrasion mark begins to be increased sharply. The change trend of the abrasive wear scar diameter of the oil B in the first 70 hours is similar to that of the oil A, the increase rate of the abrasive wear scar diameter is higher than that of the oil A, the oil A cannot completely cover the abrasive wear scar diameter after the soot content reaches 3.0 percent after 70 hours, and the abrasive wear scar diameter begins to increase sharply. The change trend of the wear-resisting spot diameter shows that the A oil is obviously superior to the B oil in the aspect of abrasion resistance. The change process of the friction coefficient of the four-ball mill in one hour is averaged to obtain that the friction coefficients of the oil A and the oil B in the previous 30 hours have a certain rising trend, but the two have no obvious difference. Over time, oil a showed a tendency to decrease in volatility while oil B increased slightly. After 80 hours, the friction coefficients of the oil A and the oil B are relatively stable, and the friction coefficient of the oil B is obviously higher than that of the oil A, which shows that the friction reducing performance of the oil A is also obviously better than that of the oil B.
Through the accelerated aging bench test process and the measurement and analysis of the physical and chemical indexes and the tribological characteristics of the engine oil sample, the diesel engine oil can run for 100 hours under the full load of 1800r/min so as to simulate the engine oil aging process of running normally for more than 2500 hours, and the engine oil is rapidly aged. Under the condition that the soot content increase degree is basically consistent in 100 hours, the analysis and research on the aging of the engine oil performance can be carried out on the physical and chemical indexes and the tribological characteristics of the engine oil, the deterioration degrees of the performance parameters of the engine oil with different levels are compared, the difference of the aging speeds of the engine oil with different levels is determined, and the change of the tribological characteristics with abrasion reduction and wear resistance along with the aging degrees is clearly compared and known. Through the series of processes, the rapid examination of the physicochemical indexes and the tribological characteristics of the engine oil accelerated aging is realized.
The accelerated aging of the engine oil is realized by adjusting a proper post-injection angle, and the realization principle and the operation method of the rapid aging technology are simple and effective and have low cost. The method can accelerate the aging speed of the engine oil by utilizing the original mechanism generated by soot, generate a large amount of soot in a short time, realize the rapid simulation of the formation process of the engine oil containing soot in the normal aging process of the engine oil, and increase the authenticity and the reliability for the analysis of the tribological characteristics of the engine oil compared with the method of directly adding a soot substitute. The normal driving test and the bench test with long time and high cost can be avoided through the accelerated aging technology, and a large amount of manpower, material resources, financial resources and time cost are saved. The quantitative analysis and evaluation of the physical and chemical indexes of the engine oil can be quickly realized by the accelerated aging technology according to the standard test method/condition. The tribological characteristics of the engine oil can be rapidly analyzed and evaluated by combining a frictional wear four-ball testing machine with the accelerated aging technology. The method for rapidly evaluating the physicochemical indexes and the tribological characteristics of the engine oil for accelerating aging of the engine oil can realize more comprehensive evaluation on the quality of the engine oil in a shorter time and at a lower cost, and has important theoretical guidance significance for solving practical problems such as oil selection and oil change.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, so that any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like, which are within the spirit and principle of the present invention, should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A quick assessment method for engine oil friction performance is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: building a test bench and selecting a proper oil injection angle;
s2: selecting different types of engine oil for testing, taking engine oil samples at regular intervals, and detecting the soot content of the samples;
s3: and measuring the characteristic physicochemical index and the tribological characteristic index of the engine oil, determining the aging working condition and finishing the evaluation.
2. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 1, wherein: s1 is to set up an engine test bench, carry out an engine bench pre-test (1), accelerate soot generation speed by adjusting a post-injection angle (2), simulate an engine oil aging process under normal conditions, measure a soot generation rate (3) and an air cylinder exhaust temperature (4), comprehensively consider the soot generation rate and an engine heat load, determine an optimal post-injection angle (5) for ensuring stable operation of the test and rapid generation of soot, and complete determination (20) of an accelerated aging strategy by the pre-test process.
3. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 2, wherein: the post-injection angle (2) is adjusted to select a proper oil injection angle of the engine, the post-injection angle of the initially selected oil injector is +1 degrees, -3 degrees and-5 degrees, and the oil injection angle is determined to be 1 degree before the top dead center according to the comprehensive consideration of soot growth rate, exhaust temperature and operation stability.
4. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 1, wherein: and S2, selecting different lubricating oil (6) for the test, carrying out an engine oil accelerated aging bench test (7) aiming at different lubricating oil, verifying whether the soot generation amount (9) after accelerated aging meets the requirement, and taking engine oil samples (9) at regular intervals in the process of the accelerated aging bench test (7) so as to be required by subsequent engine oil performance detection, wherein the steps are the realization of the accelerated aging bench test and the sampling (21).
5. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 1, wherein: the test condition in S2 is 1750-1850r/min, the load factor is determined as 100%, and the running time is 100 hours.
6. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 1, wherein: and S3 is used for measuring the physicochemical indexes (10) and the tribological characteristic indexes (11) of the obtained engine oil sample, the physicochemical indexes of the engine oil sample are measured by GB and ASTM standard test methods/conditions, and the anti-wear and anti-wear indexes such as the wear-resisting performance indexes, such as the wear-resisting diameter (17) and the friction coefficient (18), of the engine oil sample are measured by a four-ball friction wear testing machine (13).
7. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 5, wherein: the physical and chemical indexes (10) comprise the kinematic viscosity, the acid value, the base number and the iron element content of the engine oil, and the tribology characteristic indexes (11) are used for measuring the wear scar diameter and the friction coefficient of the two engine oils.
8. The method for rapidly assessing the friction performance of engine oil according to claim 1, wherein: and S3, after the physicochemical indexes (10) and the tribological characteristic indexes (11) of the engine oil sample are measured, performance comparison analysis (19) among different engine oils is carried out according to the change trends of different indexes determined by the measurement data, the implementation of the measurement and analysis of the engine oil performance indexes is realized, and the performance and quality evaluation (23) of the oil product is finally completed according to the determination (20) of the engine oil accelerated aging strategy, the implementation of the accelerated aging bench test and sampling (21) and the implementation of the measurement and analysis (22) of the engine oil performance indexes.
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113777025A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-12-10 军事科学院系统工程研究院军事新能源技术研究所 Gear oil friction characteristic evaluation method
CN113777025B (en) * 2021-07-30 2023-10-31 军事科学院系统工程研究院军事新能源技术研究所 Gear oil friction characteristic evaluation method

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Application publication date: 20210430