CN108757264B - Method for obtaining optimal ignition advance angle of coke oven gas engine - Google Patents
Method for obtaining optimal ignition advance angle of coke oven gas engine Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
- F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
- F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
- F02P5/145—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions using electrical means
- F02P5/15—Digital data processing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of a coke oven gas engine. The emission performance is not considered in the common ignition advance angle optimization method MBT, and when the common ignition advance angle optimization method MBT is applied to a coke oven gas engine, the emission of nitrogen oxides seriously exceeds the standard. The invention utilizes a coke oven gas engine transformed from a gasoline engine, combines a dynamometer, an emission analyzer and a combustion analyzer, researches the influence rule of the ignition advance angle on the engine dynamic property and the emission characteristic under different working conditions, finally establishes a single-target solving model by utilizing an ignition advance angle optimization algorithm, and calculates to obtain the optimal ignition advance angle under each working condition. The invention obtains the ignition MAP which can be written into the ECU by the optimal ignition advance angle and is used for the actual control of the coke oven gas engine.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engine engineering, and relates to a method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of a coke oven gas engine, which is suitable for the coke oven gas engine. When the coke oven gas is combusted by the engine, the method can obtain the optimal ignition advance angle of the engine considering both dynamic property and emission property under various working conditions, and the ignition MAP in the ECU is re-calibrated so that the ignition MAP can be directly applied to the coke oven gas engine.
Background
with the rapid development of the automobile industry, the huge energy consumption threatens the national energy supply safety, and simultaneously, the discharged large amount of tail gas also directly threatens the ecological environment and human health. Alternative fuels for cleaning vehicles have become important research subjects in various countries, among which alcohol fuels and gas fuels are the most widely used alternative fuels, but compared with alcohol fuels, gas fuels have great advantages in many aspects such as resources, economy, emission, safety and the like, and are the first choice alternative fuels for automobiles at present. As a coal producing country, coke oven gas (rich in combustible gases such as hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide and the like) which is a coking byproduct with huge yield is an ideal alternative fuel for cleaning vehicles.
At present, the coke oven gas engine is obtained by directly improving a gasoline engine, and a control strategy of the gasoline engine is reserved, namely, the injection pulse width and the ignition advance angle of fuel are determined by searching an MAP (MAP) according to working condition parameters such as the opening of a throttle valve, the air inlet pressure, the engine rotating speed and the like. In actual use, because of the particularity of physicochemical characteristics of the coke-oven gas, the power performance and the emission performance of the coke-oven gas are greatly different from those of a gasoline engine: in the aspect of dynamic property, the equivalent air-fuel ratio of the coke-oven gas is about 15% smaller than the volume heat value of the mixed gas than that of gasoline, and in an air inlet injection engine, gas fuel can cause the charge coefficient to be reduced, so that the dynamic property of the coke-oven gas engine is obviously reduced compared with that of a gasoline engine; in the aspect of emission, because the coke-oven gas is rich in hydrogen, the combustion speed is high, and the combustion temperature is high, the emission of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide is obviously reduced, but the high-temperature environment provides an ideal environment for the generation of nitrogen oxides, so the emission of the nitrogen oxides is obviously increased compared with that of a gasoline engine. In summary, after the gasoline engine is changed into the coke oven gas engine, the ignition advance angle needs to be calibrated again.
Currently, a common method for optimizing the spark advance angle is an mbt (maximum Brake torque) optimization method, that is, the spark advance angle at which the engine torque is maximum is selected as the engine spark advance angle. The ignition advance angle determined by the method only considers the dynamic property of the engine but not the emission property, and when the method is applied to a coke oven gas engine, the emission of nitrogen oxides is inevitably seriously exceeded, and the serious pollution is brought to the atmosphere.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of a coke oven gas engine, which utilizes the coke oven gas engine transformed from a gasoline engine, combines a dynamometer, an emission analyzer, a combustion analyzer and other equipment, researches the influence rule of the ignition advance angle on the engine dynamic property, the emission characteristic and the like under different working conditions, finally establishes a single-target solving model by utilizing an ignition advance angle optimization algorithm, and calculates to obtain the optimal ignition advance angle under each working condition. The ignition advance angle can be written into an ignition MAP of the ECU through calibration software and is used for actual control of the coke oven gas engine.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
The invention relates to a method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of a coke oven gas engine, which comprises the following steps:
The first step is as follows: firstly, controlling the operation working conditions of the coke oven gas engine through a dynamometer, and simultaneously acquiring the torque of the coke oven gas engine under each working condition; the data acquisition and control system controls the ignition advance angle and determines the ignition advance angle range of the coke oven gas engine in stable operation under each working condition, the stable operation state is free of explosion, and the fluctuation range of the rotating speed and the power is within 5%. Secondly, the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon at the inlet of the catalytic converter corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition is measured and obtained through an emission analyzer. And thirdly, acquiring, analyzing and calculating combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition by using a combustion analyzer, wherein the combustion information comprises the pressure in the cylinder and the heat release rate. And finally, reading the torque, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and the combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition through a data acquisition and control system.
The second step is that: firstly, fitting a polynomial mathematical model according to the torque of the coke oven gas engine and the variation relation of the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition. Secondly, on the premise of stable operation of the coke oven gas engine, the torque of the coke oven gas engine is maximized by taking the ignition advance angle as an optimization parameter, and the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are minimized to serve as optimization targets, so that a multi-objective optimization model is established. Thirdly, establishing a single-target model by adopting an evaluation function, which specifically comprises the following steps: the evaluation function for establishing the ignition advance angle is as follows:
Wherein g (θ ign) is an evaluation index, α i is a weight corresponding to f i (θ ign), α 1 is equal to α 2 and is equal to 0.4, α 3 is equal to α 4 and is equal to 0.1, α 1 is equal to the weight of the torque of the coke oven gas engine, α 2 is equal to the weight of the emission of nitrogen oxides, α 3 is equal to the weight of the emission of carbon monoxide, α 4 is equal to the weight of the emission of hydrocarbons, the upper limit of the ignition advance angle is equal to a knock critical point KTA and the lower limit is equal to a stable operation critical point SCP, the stable operation state is that the fluctuation range of the rotation speed and the power of the coke oven gas engine is within 5%, f 1 (θ ign) is equal to the torque fitting function of the coke oven gas engine, f 2 (θ ign) is equal to the emission of nitrogen oxides fitting function, f 3 (θ ign) is equal to the fitting function of the emission of carbon monoxide, and f 4 (θ ign) is.
And finally, solving and obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle according to the single-target model, specifically, carrying out normalization processing on the difference of f i (theta ign) in magnitude and dimension:
Wherein best (f i) is an ideal value of f i (θ ign) in the current operating condition and in the range of the ignition advance angle, best (f 1) is max (f 1 (θ ign)), best (f 2) is min (f 2 (θ ign)), best (f 3) is min (f 3 (θ ign)), and best (f 4) is min (f 4 (θ ign));
f i (theta ign) is replaced by h i (theta ign), and an evaluation function model is finally established as follows:
And then calculating to obtain the optimal ignition advance angle of the current working condition.
under each working condition, the torque, the nitrogen oxide, the carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbon emission concentration of the coke oven gas engine and the combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles are measured for multiple times, an average value is taken as a final result, and the measurement times are more than ten times.
The polynomial mathematical model is specifically fitted as follows:
f i (theta ign) is fitted with a general global optimization algorithm by using a Marquardt method, f i (theta ign) represents a polynomial fitting function corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition, and the formula is as follows:
fi(θign)＝P1+P2·θign+P3·θign 2+P4·θign 3
Wherein θ ign represents the ignition advance angle, P 1, P 2, P 3 and P 4 are coefficients of the fitted polynomial, f i (θ ign) represents a unified expression of the fitting function, i is 1,2,3 and 4, and the concrete conditions are as follows:
T q represents torque of the coke oven gas engine, NOx represents emission of nitrogen oxides, CO represents emission of carbon monoxide, THC represents emission of hydrocarbon, f 1 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of torque value of the coke oven gas engine read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition, f 2 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of emission of nitrogen oxides read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition, f 3 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of emission of carbon monoxide read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition, and f 4 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of emission of hydrocarbon read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition are all larger than 0.98.
the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the optimal ignition advance angle obtained by the invention has both dynamic property and emission property.
(2) The algorithm designed by the invention can quickly obtain the optimal ignition advance angle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for collecting coke oven gas engine performance index data in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a detailed flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for obtaining the optimal advance angle of ignition of the coke oven gas engine of the present invention comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: and determining the range of the ignition advance angle of the coke oven gas engine which stably runs under different working conditions (no knocking exists, and the fluctuation ranges of the rotating speed and the power are within 5%).
as shown in fig. 1, the coke oven gas engine 1 is modified based on a gasoline engine, and a fuel supply system of the coke oven gas engine 1 comprises a coke oven gas tank 2 and a pressure reducing valve 3. Firstly, controlling the operation working conditions (working condition parameters are rotating speed and power) of the coke oven gas engine through a dynamometer 4, and simultaneously acquiring the torque of the coke oven gas engine under each working condition; the data acquisition and control system 8 controls the ignition advance angle and determines the ignition advance angle range of the coke oven gas engine in stable operation (no detonation, the fluctuation range of the rotating speed and the power is within 5 percent, the detonation can be obtained by analyzing the combustion analyzer 7, and the rotating speed and the power can be directly obtained by displaying numerical values through the dynamometer 4) under each working condition. Secondly, the emission concentration of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon at the inlet of the catalyst 6 corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition is measured and obtained by an emission analyzer (also called tail gas analyzer) 5. Thirdly, acquiring, analyzing and calculating combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition by using a combustion analyzer 7, wherein the combustion information comprises the pressure in the cylinder and the heat release rate; the torque, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions of the coke oven gas engine and the combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition adopt multiple measurements and average values as final results to improve the accuracy of test data, and the measurement times are more than ten times. And finally, reading the torque, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and the combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition through a data acquisition and control system 8.
the second step is that: and fitting a polynomial mathematical model.
In order to reduce the complexity of the model, reduce the calculation amount and save the calculation cost, f i (theta ign) is fitted by a Marquardt method and a general global optimization algorithm, wherein f i (theta ign) represents a polynomial fitting function corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition, and the formula is as follows:
fi(θign)＝P1+P2·θign+P3·θign 2+P4·θign 3
Wherein θ ign represents the ignition advance angle, P 1, P 2, P 3 and P 4 are coefficients of the fitted polynomial, f i (θ ign) represents a unified expression of the fitting function, i is 1,2,3 and 4, and the concrete conditions are as follows:
T q represents torque of the coke oven gas engine, NOx represents nitrogen oxide emission, CO represents carbon monoxide emission, and THC represents hydrocarbon emission, f 1 (theta ign) represents a torque fitting function of the coke oven gas engine, f 2 (theta ign) represents a nitrogen oxide emission fitting function, f 3 (theta ign) represents a carbon monoxide emission fitting function, f 4 (theta ign) represents a hydrocarbon emission fitting function, f 1 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of the data acquisition and control system 8 at each operating condition of the coke oven gas engine torque value, f 2 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of the data acquisition and control system 8 at each operating condition of the nitrogen oxide emission, f 3 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of the data acquisition and control system 8 at each operating condition of the carbon monoxide emission, f 4 (theta ign) and a correlation coefficient of the data acquisition and control system 8 at each operating condition of the carbon monoxide emission are all greater than 0.98.
The third step: and establishing a multi-objective optimization model.
The optimization target of the ignition advance angle is to obtain the maximum dynamic property and the lowest emission on the premise of ensuring the stable operation of the coke-oven gas engine, and the mathematical expression of the optimization target is as follows:
The upper limit of the ignition advance angle is a detonation Critical point KTA (knock Threshold angle), the lower limit is a stable working Critical point SCP (stable Critical point), the stable working state is that the rotating speed and the power fluctuation range of the coke oven gas engine are within 5%, max represents the maximum value, and min represents the minimum value. Thus, equation (1) is further expressed as:
the fourth step: and establishing a single-target model by adopting an evaluation function method.
the importance degree of each performance index is distinguished by introducing weight, and an evaluation function of the ignition advance angle is established as follows:
wherein g (θ ign) is an evaluation index, and α i is a weight corresponding to f i (θ ign).
In a coke oven gas engine, the power performance and the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas are most important, and therefore, the weight of the engine torque and the emission of nitrogen oxides is 0.4(α 1 ═ α 2 ═ 0.4), and the weight of the emission of carbon monoxide and carbon hydrogen is 0.1(α 3 ═ α 4 ═ 0.1).
the fifth step: and solving the single-target model to obtain the optimal ignition advance angle.
Because the units of the performance indexes are different and the magnitude difference is large, in order to eliminate the influence of the factor on the linear weighting, the difference between the magnitude and the dimension of each fitting function f i (θ ign) needs to be normalized, which is specifically as follows:
Wherein best (f i) is an ideal value of f i (θ ign) in the current operating condition and within the range of the ignition advance angle, and is calculated according to the polynomial fitting result in the second step, that is, best (f 1) is max (f 1 (θ ign)), best (f 2) is min (f 2 (θ ign)), best (f 3) is min (f 3 (θ ign)), and best (f 4) is min (f 4 (θ ign)).
F i (theta ign) is replaced by h i (theta ign), and an evaluation function model is finally established as follows:
And then calculating to obtain the optimal ignition advance angle of the current working condition.
Claims (4)
1. A method for obtaining the best ignition advance angle of a coke oven gas engine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following specific steps:
the first step is as follows: firstly, controlling the operation working conditions of the coke oven gas engine through a dynamometer, and simultaneously acquiring the torque of the coke oven gas engine under each working condition; the data acquisition and control system controls the ignition advance angle and determines the ignition advance angle range of the coke oven gas engine in stable operation under each working condition, the stable operation state is free of explosion, and the fluctuation range of the rotating speed and the power is within 5%; secondly, measuring and obtaining the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions when the inlet of the catalytic converter corresponds to different ignition advance angles under each working condition through an emission analyzer; thirdly, acquiring, analyzing and calculating combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition by using a combustion analyzer, wherein the combustion information comprises the pressure in the cylinder and the heat release rate; finally, reading the torque, the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions and the in-cylinder combustion information of the coke oven gas engine under each working condition corresponding to different ignition advance angles through a data acquisition and control system;
The second step is that: firstly, fitting a polynomial mathematical model according to the torque of a coke oven gas engine and the variation relation of the concentrations of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition; secondly, on the premise of stable operation of the coke oven gas engine, the maximum torque of the coke oven gas engine and the minimum concentration of nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions are obtained as optimization targets by taking the ignition advance angle as an optimization parameter, and a multi-objective optimization model is established; thirdly, establishing a single-target model by adopting an evaluation function, which specifically comprises the following steps: the evaluation function for establishing the ignition advance angle is as follows:
wherein g (θ ign) is an evaluation index, α i is a weight corresponding to f i (θ ign), α 1 is equal to α 2 and is equal to 0.4, α 3 is equal to α 4 and is equal to 0.1, α 1 is a weight of torque of the coke oven gas engine, α 2 is a weight of emission of nitrogen oxides, α 3 is equal to emission of carbon monoxide, α 4 is equal to emission of hydrocarbons, an upper limit of an ignition advance angle is a knock critical point KTA, a lower limit is a stable operation critical point SCP, a stable operation state is that a fluctuation range of the rotation speed and power of the coke oven gas engine is within 5%, f 1 (θ ign) is a torque fitting function of the coke oven gas engine, f 2 (θ ign) is a fitting function of emission of nitrogen oxides, f 3 (θ ign) is a fitting function of emission of carbon monoxide, and f 4 (θ ign) is a fitting function of emission of carbon emissions of hydrocarbons;
And finally, solving and obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle according to the single-target model, specifically, carrying out normalization processing on the difference of f i (theta ign) in magnitude and dimension:
Wherein best (f i) is an ideal value of f i (θ ign) in the current operating condition and in the range of the ignition advance angle, best (f 1) is max (f 1 (θ ign)), best (f 2) is min (f 2 (θ ign)), best (f 3) is min (f 3 (θ ign)), and best (f 4) is min (f 4 (θ ign));
F i (theta ign) is replaced by h i (theta ign), and an evaluation function model is finally established as follows:
And then calculating to obtain the optimal ignition advance angle of the current working condition.
2. the method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of the coke oven gas engine as claimed in claim 1, wherein: under each working condition, the torque, the nitrogen oxide, the carbon monoxide and the hydrocarbon emission concentration of the coke oven gas engine and the combustion information in the cylinder of the coke oven gas engine corresponding to different ignition advance angles are measured for multiple times, an average value is taken as a final result, and the measurement times are more than ten times.
3. the method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of the coke oven gas engine as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the polynomial mathematical model is specifically fitted as follows:
f i (theta ign) is fitted with a general global optimization algorithm by using a Marquardt method, f i (theta ign) represents a polynomial fitting function corresponding to different ignition advance angles under each working condition, and the formula is as follows:
fi(θign)＝P1+P2·θign+P3·θign 2+P4·θign 3
wherein θ ign represents the ignition advance angle, P 1, P 2, P 3 and P 4 are coefficients of the fitted polynomial, f i (θ ign) represents a unified expression of the fitting function, i is 1,2,3 and 4, and the concrete conditions are as follows:
T q represents torque of the coke oven gas engine, NOx represents emissions of nitrogen oxides, CO represents emissions of carbon monoxide, and THC represents emissions of hydrocarbons.
4. the method for obtaining the optimal ignition advance angle of the coke oven gas engine as claimed in claim 3, wherein f 1 (theta ign) and the correlation coefficient of the torque value of the coke oven gas engine read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition, f 2 (theta ign) and the correlation coefficient of the emission amount of nitrogen oxides read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition, f 3 (theta ign) and the correlation coefficient of the emission amount of carbon monoxide read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition, f 4 (theta ign) and the correlation coefficient of the emission amount of hydrocarbon read by the data acquisition and control system under each working condition are all larger than 0.98.
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