CN112729650A - Self-powered torque monitoring device - Google Patents
Self-powered torque monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112729650A CN112729650A CN202110152647.6A CN202110152647A CN112729650A CN 112729650 A CN112729650 A CN 112729650A CN 202110152647 A CN202110152647 A CN 202110152647A CN 112729650 A CN112729650 A CN 112729650A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0028—Force sensors associated with force applying means
- G01L5/0042—Force sensors associated with force applying means applying a torque
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N1/00—Electrostatic generators or motors using a solid moving electrostatic charge carrier
- H02N1/04—Friction generators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The invention relates to a self-powered torque monitoring device, and belongs to the technical field of new energy and monitoring. The main body is sleeved on a main shaft, a circuit board is arranged on the bottom of the cylinder, and a sensor on the main shaft of the circuit board is connected; the inner ring of the end cover is arranged on the shaft sleeve of the main body, and the fixed disc is pressed on the cylinder bottom of the main body by the ring plate; the movable disc is sleeved on the fixed disc, and the bottom of the outer edge of the fixed disc is provided with an inertia block; a moving electrode group is embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the moving disk, the moving electrode group consists of comb-shaped left and right electrodes, and the left and right electrodes consist of a polar ring and a left electrode; the left and right electrodes are arranged in a crossed manner and connected with the circuit board through leads; a fixed electrode group is embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the fixed disc; when the movable and fixed disks rotate relatively, different friction charges are generated between the contact surfaces of the movable and fixed disks, induced charges and potential differences are generated on the left and right electrodes and the fixed electrodes, the continuous rotation between the fixed and fixed disks enables the potential difference between the left and right electrodes to be alternately increased and decreased and converts kinetic energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is processed and then supplied to the sensor and the information is transmitted to the transmitting unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy and monitoring, and particularly relates to a self-powered torque monitoring device, which is used for monitoring the torque of transmission shafts of machine tools, generators, vehicles and the like.
Background
The torque is an important index for monitoring and diagnosing faults of shafting of power systems such as machine tools, generators, vehicles and the like. Aiming at the market demands of severe working conditions and health monitoring of rotary machines, various torque monitoring and fault diagnosis technologies are successfully developed and applied at present, and the measuring method mainly comprises contact and non-contact. The contact torque monitoring method obtains torque by directly measuring the strain change of the rotating body, so the measurement accuracy is far better than non-contact measurement, but a key problem which is difficult to solve in practical application is the power supply problem of a monitoring system. The rotary generator constructed by adopting a piezoelectric or electromagnetic method can solve the problem to a certain extent, but the two existing power generation methods have certain limitations: electromagnetic interference exists during electromagnetic power generation, the power generation effect is good only at a high rotating speed, and the method is not suitable for occasions with low rotating speed and long-distance transmission of monitoring signals, such as wind driven generators and the like; when in piezoelectric power generation, the power generation capability is stronger only in a limited excitation frequency range and near a resonance frequency, and the piezoelectric ceramics lose the power generation capability due to depolarization in a high-temperature environment, so the piezoelectric ceramic is not suitable for occasions such as a machine tool gearbox and the like with large rotating speed range change, high temperature and the like. Therefore, a high temperature resistant micro-miniature power generation device with less or even no influence of the rotating speed on the power supply voltage and a shafting monitoring system thereof are still urgently needed in various fields.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a self-powered torque monitoring device, which adopts the following implementation scheme: the self-powered torque monitoring device mainly comprises a main body, an end cover, a movable disc and a fixed disc, wherein the movable disc and the fixed disc are made of insulating nonmetal materials, and the nonmetal materials are polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide and the like.
The main body consists of a shaft sleeve, a cylinder and a cylinder bottom, wherein the shaft sleeve and the cylinder are connected together by the cylinder bottom, the shaft sleeve and the cylinder are coaxial and are positioned at the same side of the cylinder bottom, the shaft sleeve is arranged on a monitored main shaft through a screw, a sensor is arranged on the main shaft, and the sensor is a strain gauge; the cylinder bottom is provided with a wire hole, the cylinder bottom is provided with a circuit board through a screw, the circuit board is connected with the sensor through a wire, and the wire passes through the wire hole on the cylinder bottom.
The end cover consists of an inner ring, an outer ring and a ring plate for connecting the inner ring and the outer ring, and the inner ring and the outer ring are positioned on the left side and the right side of the ring plate; the inner ring is arranged on the shaft sleeve of the main body through a screw; the fixed disc is pressed on the cylinder bottom of the main body through the ring plate of the end cover, the movable disc is sleeved on the fixed disc, and the left end and the right end of the movable disc are limited through the outer ring of the end cover and the cylinder of the main body; the bottom of the outer edge of the fixed disc is provided with an inertia block, and the inertia block is connected with a bracket of the main shaft through a positioning pin; the movable disc rotates along with the main body, and the fixed disc and the movable disc slide relatively.
The movable disc is of an annular structure, a movable electrode group is embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the movable disc, the movable electrode group consists of comb-shaped left electrodes and comb-shaped right electrodes, the left electrodes consist of left polar rings and left polar fingers, the right electrodes consist of right polar rings and right polar fingers, the left polar fingers and the right polar fingers are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the left polar fingers and the right polar fingers are parallel to the axis of the movable disc; the structural sizes of the left and right electrodes are the same, but the arrangement directions of the polar fingers and the polar rings are opposite: the left polar finger is positioned on the right side of the left polar ring, and the right polar finger is positioned on the left side of the right polar ring; the left and right pole fingers are installed in a crossed manner, the left and right electrodes are not contacted with each other, the left and right pole rings are respectively flush with the left and right end surfaces of the movable disc, and the left and right electrodes are made of copper or aluminum; the movable disc is of a split structure or an integral structure, the split structure refers to that the inner layer and the outer layer of the movable disc are assembled together after being processed and manufactured respectively, and the integral structure refers to that the movable disc is manufactured by an injection molding method and contains a movable electrode group; the moving disk is provided with a wiring hole, and the left electrode and the right electrode are connected with the circuit board through wires.
The fixed disc is of an annular structure, a fixed electrode group is embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the fixed disc and consists of finger-shaped fixed electrodes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are parallel to the axis of the fixed disc; the fixed plate is of a split structure or an integral structure, the split structure is that the inner layer and the outer layer of the fixed plate are assembled together after being processed and manufactured respectively, and the integral structure is that the fixed plate is manufactured by an injection molding method and contains a fixed electrode group; the fixed electrode is axially positioned between the left polar ring and the right polar ring, the length of the fixed electrode is less than the distance between the left polar ring and the right polar ring, and the projections of the fixed electrode, the left polar ring and the right polar ring on the same plane passing through the axis of the fixed disc are not overlapped; the number of fixed electrodes is 1/2 times the number of left-hand fingers.
The movable and fixed disks are made of material pairs with relatively long triboelectrification sequences, such as material pairs consisting of polyamide and polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide; when the fixed electrode is directly contacted with the surface of the movable disc, namely when the inner side of the fixed electrode is not covered by the disc body material of the fixed disc, the movable disc is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide, the fixed disc is made of polyamide, the fixed electrode is made of copper, and two ends of each fixed electrode are respectively connected through the electrode rings, so that the bonding strength of the fixed electrode on the fixed disc is improved.
During work, the main shaft drives the movable disc to rotate, the fixed disc keeps relatively static under the action of the inertia block or the positioning pin, and the mass of the inertia block needs to be large enough when the positioning pin is not arranged; friction charges can be generated between contact surfaces of the movable and fixed disks in the relative rotation process, induction charges are generated on the left and right electrodes and the fixed electrodes, and the properties of the charges generated by sliding contact between the surfaces of the fixed and movable disks are different due to different materials with different electron attracting capabilities, such as: the movable disc is made of polyamide and the fixed disc is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, so that the friction surface of the movable disc is positively charged and the friction surface of the fixed disc is negatively charged; on the contrary, the friction surface of the movable disc is negatively charged, and the friction surface of the fixed disc is positively charged; under the condition that heterogeneous charges exist on the friction surface of the fixed movable disk, relative rotation between the fixed electrode and the movable disk can generate a potential difference between the left electrode and the right electrode, continuous rotation between the fixed movable disk and the fixed electrode can make the fixed electrode and the left electrode and the right electrode alternately contact and separate, so that the potential difference between the left electrode and the right electrode is alternately increased and decreased, and the two electrodes are connected through a load to have current flowing and power output; the electric energy generated by the relative rotation of the movable and fixed disks is processed by a rectifying circuit on the circuit board and then is supplied to the sensor, and the real-time torque information obtained by the sensor is transmitted by a transmitting unit on the circuit board, so that the self-powered monitoring of the torque of the main shaft is completed.
In the work, the overlapping of the fixed electrode and the left electrode or the right electrode means that the central angles of the fixed electrode and the left electrode or the right electrode are overlapped, and the separation of the fixed electrode and the left electrode or the right electrode means that the central angles of the fixed electrode and the left electrode or the right electrode are not overlapped; in order to ensure that all the fixed electrodes are simultaneously contacted with or separated from the left electrode finger or the right electrode finger, the central angle of each fixed electrode is equal to that of the left electrode and that of the right electrode; the central angle of the fixed electrode is the included angle between the connecting lines of the side edges of the fixed electrode in the two circumferential directions and the center of the fixed disc, and the central angle of the left electrode or the central angle of the right electrode is the included angle between the connecting lines of the side edges of the left electrode finger or the right electrode finger in the two circumferential directions and the center of the movable disc; the central angle of the fixed electrodes is smaller than the interpolar angle between the two fixed electrodes.
In the invention, when the fixed and movable disks rotate relatively, the electric energy generated in unit time is as follows:
wherein, in the step (A),
in order to determine the number of the electrodes,nthe rotating speed of the movable disc is adopted, w is the width of the fixed electrode in the circumferential direction,lin order to determine the length of the electrodes,
in order to have a dielectric constant in a vacuum,
the charge density of the surface of the moving electrode when the moving electrode is overlapped with the left electrode finger or the right electrode finger,
in order to be an effective thickness factor,
，
、
the dielectric constants of the materials of the moving plate and the fixed plate respectively,
and
the distance between the left and right pole fingers and the contact surface between the fixed electrode and the movable and fixed disk,
the left and right poles are assigned coefficients related to the degree of overlap in the circumferential direction of the given electrode.
Advantages and features: the energy is self-sufficient, batteries and connecting wires are not needed, and the maintenance is avoided; the overall structure is simple, the volume is small, the reliability is high, no electromagnetic interference exists, and the high temperature resistance is realized; the output voltage of the power generation unit is little or not influenced by the rotating speed, and the power generation and power supply capacity is strong, so that the power generation unit can be used for monitoring the state of the rotating body as an independent component.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a monitoring device in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the housing in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a surface plate structure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view of a movable plate structure in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view C-C of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the left and right electrodes in combination in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a self-powered torque monitoring device which mainly comprises a main body a, an end cover b, a movable disc c and a fixed disc d, wherein the movable disc c and the fixed disc d are made of insulating nonmetal materials, and the nonmetal materials are polyamide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide and the like.
The main body a is composed of a shaft sleeve a1, a cylinder a2 and a cylinder bottom a3, the shaft sleeve a1 and the cylinder a2 are connected together through the cylinder bottom a3, the shaft sleeve a1 and the cylinder a2 are coaxial and are located on the same side of the cylinder bottom a3, the shaft sleeve a1 is installed on a monitored main shaft h through screws, a sensor s is installed on the main shaft h, and the sensor s is a strain gauge; the cylinder bottom a3 is provided with a wire hole, the cylinder bottom a3 is provided with a circuit board p through a screw, the circuit board p is connected with the sensor s through a wire, and the wire passes through the wire hole on the cylinder bottom.
End cover b is composed of an inner ring b1, an outer ring b2 and a ring plate b3 connecting the inner ring b1 and the outer ring b2, and the inner ring b1 and the outer ring b2 are positioned on the left side and the right side of the ring plate b 3; the inner ring b1 is mounted on the shaft sleeve a1 of the main body a through screws; the fixed disc d is pressed on the cylinder bottom a3 of the main body a through the ring plate b3 of the end cover b, the movable disc c is sleeved on the fixed disc d, and the left end and the right end of the movable disc c are limited through the outer ring b2 of the end cover b and the cylinder a2 of the main body a; the bottom of the outer edge of the fixed disc d is provided with an inertia block e, and the inertia block e is connected with a bracket i of the main shaft h through a positioning pin f; the movable disc c rotates along with the main body a, and the fixed disc d and the movable disc c slide relatively.
The movable disc c is of an annular structure, a movable electrode group is embedded between an inner layer c1 and an outer layer c2 of the movable disc c and consists of a comb-shaped left electrode x and a comb-shaped right electrode y, the left electrode x consists of a left pole ring x1 and a left pole finger x2, the right electrode y consists of a right pole ring y1 and a right pole finger y2, the left pole finger x2 and the right pole finger y2 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, and the left pole finger x2 and the right pole finger y2 are parallel to the axis of the movable disc c; the structure size of the left electrode x and the right electrode y is the same, but the arrangement direction of the polar fingers of the electrodes is opposite to that of the polar rings: the left polar finger x2 is located on the right side of the left polar ring x1, and the right polar finger y2 is located on the left side of the right polar ring y 1; the left pole finger x2 and the right pole finger y2 are installed in a crossed mode, the left electrode x and the right electrode y are not in contact with each other, the left pole ring x1 and the right pole ring y1 are flush with the left end face and the right end face of the movable disc c respectively, and the left electrode x and the right electrode y are made of copper or aluminum; the movable plate c is of a split structure or an integral structure, the split structure is that the inner layer c1 and the outer layer c2 of the movable plate c are respectively processed, manufactured and assembled together, and the integral structure is that the movable plate c is manufactured by an injection molding method and contains a movable electrode group; the movable disc c is provided with a wiring hole c3, and the left electrode x and the right electrode y are connected with the circuit board p through wires.
The fixed disk d is of an annular structure, a fixed electrode group is embedded between the inner layer d1 and the outer layer d2 of the fixed disk d and consists of finger-shaped fixed electrodes z which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and are parallel to the axis of the fixed disk d; the fixed plate d is of a split structure or an integral structure, the split structure is that the inner layer d1 and the outer layer d2 of the fixed plate d are assembled together after being processed and manufactured respectively, and the integral structure is that the fixed plate d is manufactured by an injection molding method and contains a fixed electrode group; the fixed electrode z is positioned between the left polar ring x1 and the right polar ring y1, the length of the fixed electrode z is smaller than the distance between the left polar ring x1 and the right polar ring y1, and the projections of the fixed electrode z, the left polar ring x1 and the right polar ring y1 on the same plane passing through the axis of the fixed disc d are not overlapped; the number of fixed electrodes z is 1/2 times the number of left-pole fingers x 2.
The material of the movable disc c and the material of the fixed disc d are material pairs with farther separation of triboelectrification sequences, such as material pairs consisting of polyamide and polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide; when the fixed electrode z directly contacts with the surface of the movable disc c, namely the inner side of the fixed electrode z is not covered by the disc body material of the fixed disc d, the movable disc c is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide, the fixed disc d is made of polyamide, the fixed electrode z is made of copper, and two ends of each fixed electrode z are respectively connected through the electrode rings, so that the bonding strength of the fixed electrode z on the fixed disc d is improved.
In the work, the main shaft h drives the movable disc c to rotate, and the fixed disc d keeps relatively static under the action of the inertia block e or the positioning pin f; friction charges are generated between contact surfaces of the movable disc c and the fixed disc d in the relative rotation process, induction charges are generated on the left electrode x, the right electrode y and the fixed electrode z, and due to different materials with different electron attracting capabilities, the properties of the charges generated by sliding contact between the surfaces of the fixed disc d and the movable disc c are different, such as: the movable disc c is made of polyamide, the fixed disc d is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the friction surface of the movable disc c is positively charged, and the friction surface of the fixed disc d is negatively charged; on the contrary, the friction surface of the movable plate c is negatively charged, and the friction surface of the fixed plate d is positively charged; under the condition that heterogeneous charges exist on friction surfaces of the fixed disc d and the movable disc c, relative rotation between the fixed electrode z and the movable disc c can generate a potential difference between the left electrode x and the right electrode y, continuous rotation between the fixed disc d and the movable disc c can make the fixed electrode z, the left electrode x and the right electrode y alternately contact and separate, so that the potential difference between the left electrode x and the right electrode y alternately increases and decreases, and the two electrodes are connected through a load to have current flowing and power output; electric energy generated by the relative rotation of the movable disc c and the fixed disc d is processed by a rectifying circuit on the circuit board p and then is supplied to the sensor s, real-time torque information obtained by the sensor s is transmitted by a transmitting unit on the circuit board p, and thus the self-powered monitoring of the torque of the spindle h is completed.
In the above work, the overlapping of the fixed electrode z and the left electrode x or the right electrode y means that the central angles of the fixed electrode z and the left electrode x or the right electrode y are overlapped, and the separation of the fixed electrode z and the left electrode x or the right electrode y means that the central angles of the fixed electrode z and the left electrode x or the right electrode y are not overlapped; to ensure that all fixed electrodes z are simultaneously in contact with or separated from the left pole finger x2 or the right pole finger y2, the central angle Q3 of the fixed electrode z is equal to the central angle Q1 of the left electrode x and the central angle Q2 of the right electrode y; the central angle Q3 of the fixed electrode z is the included angle between the connecting lines of the two circumferential sides of the fixed electrode z and the circle center o of the fixed disc d, and the central angle Q1 of the left electrode x or the central angle Q2 of the right electrode y is the included angle between the connecting lines of the two circumferential sides of the left pole finger x2 or the right pole finger y2 and the circle center o of the movable disc c; the central angle Q3 of the fixed electrode z is smaller than the interelectrode angle Q4 between two fixed electrodes z; fig. 2 shows the case where the fixed electrode z completely overlaps the left pole finger x 2.
In the invention, when the fixed disk d and the movable disk c rotate relatively, the electric energy generated in unit time is as follows:
wherein, in the step (A),
in order to determine the number of electrodes z,nthe rotating speed of the movable disc c, w is the width of the fixed electrode d in the circumferential direction,lin order to determine the length of the electrode d,
is a vacuum dielectricThe constant number is a constant number,
the charge density of the surface of the moving electrode d when the moving electrode d is overlapped with the left electrode finger x2 or the right electrode finger y2,
in order to be an effective thickness factor,
，
、
the dielectric constants of the materials of the movable plate c and the fixed plate d,
and
the distances from the left and right pole fingers and the fixed electrode z to the contact surface of the movable disc c and the fixed disc d respectively,
the left and right poles are assigned coefficients related to the degree of overlap in the circumferential direction of the fixed electrode z.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a self-powered torque monitoring device, mainly includes main part, end cover, driving disk and fixed plate, its characterized in that: the main body consists of a shaft sleeve, a cylinder and a cylinder bottom, and the shaft sleeve is arranged on the main shaft; the circuit board is arranged on the bottom of the cylinder and is connected with the sensor on the main shaft through a lead; the end cover consists of an inner ring, an outer ring and a ring plate, the inner ring is arranged on a shaft sleeve of the main body, and the ring plate presses the fixed disc on the cylinder bottom of the main body; the movable disc is sleeved on the fixed disc, and the left end and the right end of the movable disc are limited by the outer ring of the end cover and the cylinder of the main body; the bottom of the outer edge of the fixed disc is provided with an inertia block; a moving electrode group is embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the moving disk, the moving electrode group consists of comb-shaped left electrodes and comb-shaped right electrodes, the left electrodes consist of left electrode rings and left electrode fingers, and the right electrodes consist of right electrode rings and right electrode fingers; the left and right pole fingers are installed in a crossed manner, the left and right electrodes are not contacted with each other, the left and right pole rings are respectively flush with the left and right end surfaces of the movable disc, and the left and right electrodes are connected with the circuit board through leads; a fixed electrode group consisting of finger-shaped fixed electrodes is embedded between the inner layer and the outer layer of the fixed disc, and the fixed electrodes are axially positioned between the left polar ring and the right polar ring; when the movable and fixed disks rotate relatively, different friction charges are generated between the contact surfaces of the movable and fixed disks, induced charges and potential differences are generated on the left and right electrodes and the fixed electrodes, the continuous rotation between the fixed and fixed disks enables the potential difference between the left and right electrodes to be alternately increased and decreased and converts kinetic energy into electric energy, and the electric energy is processed and then supplied to the sensor and the information is transmitted to the transmitting unit.
2. A self-powered torque monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the fixed electrode, the left electrode and the right electrode are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the central angle of the fixed electrode is equal to that of the left electrode and that of the right electrode, and the central angle of the fixed electrode is smaller than the interelectrode angle between the two fixed electrodes; the left and right pole fingers are parallel to the axis of the movable disc, the fixed electrode is parallel to the axis of the fixed disc, and the movable disc and the fixed disc are of split structures or integral structures.
3. A self-powered torque monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein: the movable and fixed disks are made of material pairs with relatively long triboelectrification sequences, such as material pairs consisting of polyamide and polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide; when the fixed electrode is directly contacted with the surface of the movable disc, the movable disc is made of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene or polyimide, the fixed disc is made of polyamide, the fixed electrode is made of copper, and two ends of each fixed electrode are respectively connected through an electrode ring.
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