CN112729175A - Small-area control measurement operation method for power plant and power station - Google Patents
Small-area control measurement operation method for power plant and power station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of small-area topographic survey, in particular to a small-area control measurement operation method for a power plant and a power station, which comprises the following steps: step 1, reasonably arranging nets and planning positions of transition points; step 2, determining transition point positions and fixing a simple device; step 3, controlling measurement transmission; step 4, CORS acquisition of starting data and static baseline calculation are carried out; step 5, replacing or calculating a side length calculation method by an ellipsoid baseline; and 6, finishing the combined adjustment. The temporary fixing device is adopted to replace a conventional tripod, so that the number of equipment and load are reduced, the personnel investment is reduced, the project flexibility is improved, the individual soldier operation is facilitated, and the action efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of small-area terrain measurement, in particular to a small-area control measurement operation method for a power plant and a power station.
Background
In the early stage of surveying and designing of a power plant, a transformer substation, a booster station and the like, surveying and measuring of survey area control, topographic surveying and mapping and the like are required to be carried out, a proper point location is required to be selected according to the survey area condition, a control network is reasonably arranged, and joint survey is carried out on the control network and other level control points. In the middle-low altitude area, the measuring area of a station is more within 200-500 meters, 4-6 control points are generally required to be arranged, and the arranged control points are all selected at positions which are convenient to traffic, wide in visual field, free of influence on cultivation, easy to store for a long time and convenient to construct and loft, so that the selected points are prevented from being shielded or rolled and vibrated by vehicles, and the stability of the control points is ensured. Currently, the small-range measurement of a plant station and the like is generally carried out by single soldier operation, the control measurement generally needs 3 or more GPS devices matched with corresponding tripods for synchronous static observation, the side length is actually measured by erecting a total station and a prism, so that the single person carries too many devices and is inconvenient for field operation, before the operation, the antenna of a GNSS receiver, the circular level gauge of a base and the optical centering device are checked and calibrated, the antenna height is measured once before and after the observation, the reading twice is worse not more than 3 mm, the point name and the instrument height are directly input into the instrument, the technical requirement parameter items are many and complicated in the field observation process, the side length is generally several kilometers long, the side length between control points of a measuring area is generally 200 and 300 meters, so that the internal quality of a control network is higher, but the field accuracy is poorer, and the field operation adjustment process needs to increase the actual measurement of the side length meter, and (4) carrying out constraint adjustment to meet the requirements of engineering measurement specifications, engineering measurement technical specifications of a thermal power plant and specifications that the length deformation of a measuring area of a plant station is not more than 2.5 cm/km. At present, Trimble TBC GNSS data processing software is applied, a direction and distance combined adjustment method is adopted, and total stations are used for carrying out combined constraint adjustment by utilizing the actual measurement distance, so that the influence of projection deformation on the length is eliminated, the mode needs a large number of measurement equipment as a support, generally, not less than 3 GPS and bases, not less than 3 tripods with good stability, and also needs a total station for measuring the side length of a control point, a small project generally needs 3 GPS, 3 GPS bases, 3 tripods and a total station, the number of measurement equipment boxes is up to 10, 3 tripods, and the measurement equipment with large number brings much inconvenience for engineering trip, the investment of manpower and material resources is increased, in addition, the adjustment also needs the total station to measure the side length for constraint, and the field workload is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to reduce equipment investment in projects, improve adjustment processing flow, reduce manpower and material resources of the projects, reduce project cost investment and improve economic and social benefits.
In order to realize the technology, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a small-area control measurement operation method for power plants and power stations comprises the following steps:
step 1, reasonably arranging nets and planning positions of transition points:
according to the measuring area, developing and laying a control network, selecting at least 4-6 control points in the measuring area range of a station, presetting transition points in the middle of the control network in advance, arranging the positions of the transition points, wherein the transition points are positioned in the middle of the control points, and the selected control points are positioned at the positions which are convenient for traffic, wide in visual field, free of influence on cultivation, easy to store for a long time and convenient for construction and lofting;
step 2, determining transition point positions, and fixing a simple device:
after the control net is laid, preparing a simple device, wherein the length of the simple device is 30-100cm, the upper end of the simple device is provided with a thread which is fixedly matched with the GPS receiver, the lower end of the simple device is provided with a spiral drill bit for ground fixation, the simple device is fixed at a preset transition point position to replace a tripod, the simple device is connected with the GPS receiver, and the simple device is fixed;
and step 3, controlling measurement transmission:
in a small-range area with medium-low altitude, the precision of a control point needs to meet the requirement of a first-level GNSS control network, field control measures at least 3 GPS receivers, the GPS receivers on the simple device are always fixed, a tripod is erected on the control point by matching with the other 2 GPS receivers, leveling and centering are carried out, the antenna height is measured and measured, synchronous static observation is carried out on the antenna height and a transition point, and after the acquisition of each triangulation network is finished, the tripod is sequentially moved to finish the control measurement of the whole network until the observation of the whole control network is finished;
step 4, calculating CORS acquisition of starting data and static baseline calculation, wherein the operation steps are as follows:
step 4.1, firstly, selecting two points from control points distributed in a measuring area as adjustment starting points, and acquiring 2000 national coordinates of the control points by using a network CORS system to serve as project starting data;
step 4.2, base line resolving is carried out by Trimble TBC GNSS data processing software, and ring closure error detection is carried out after resolving is finished;
step 5, an ellipsoid baseline substitution or calculation starting side length calculation method comprises the following steps:
replacing or calculating the starting edge length value by using the spatial ellipsoid baseline, reducing the link of obtaining the real starting edge length value by field operation, and replacing field operation measurement by an internal operation method;
and 6, finishing combined adjustment:
the adjustment is carried out in a mode of one point plus one direction plus a distance so as to eliminate deformation influence, one starting point is fixed at first, any starting point is taken as a direction, and the real side length of any starting point is utilized to carry out combined constraint so as to obtain a final adjustment result.
Further, in step 3, the operation steps are as follows:
step 3.1, in the step 2, the GPS receiver on the simple device is fixed, and in the whole observation process, the simple device is ensured to be always stable and still, and the power supply of the equipment is sufficient and is always in a starting state;
step 3.2, erecting a second GPS receiver and a third GPS receiver on two calculation points by using a tripod, leveling and centering, measuring the antenna height, recording the instrument height and the starting time, wherein the observation time is 45 minutes, the data sampling interval is 10 seconds, the GDOP is less than or equal to 6, measuring the antenna height again after the observation is finished, and the difference value of the two readings is not more than 2 millimeters;
and 3.3, sequentially moving any one of the GPS receivers arranged on the tripod clockwise or anticlockwise, repeating the step 3.2, sequentially finishing the observation of each triangulation network, and making corresponding records.
Furthermore, in step 5, in a low-altitude area, the altitude is not more than 80m, the distance between control points of a small-area mapping project is generally within 500 m, the control requirements are generally first-level GPS control points, the maximum is not more than four, and the like, and the ellipsoid base line is adopted to replace the starting edge length for constraint adjustment processing.
Further, in step 5, in the middle and high altitude areas, the altitude does not exceed 2000m, in the hilly area, the altitude difference is not changed greatly, the vertical deviation is very small, for the control accuracy of four equal corners, the vertical deviation calculation can be omitted, the influence of vertical deviation correction, elevation deviation correction and cross section deviation correction can be ignored when the altitude is within hundreds of meters, the local ellipsoid is parallel to the ground level, the ellipsoid base line is adopted to calculate the calculation edge value, the geometric formula is used to calculate the calculation edge length, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, L, L0For calculating the true edge length and the ellipsoid base length of the edge, R, H is the earth radius and altitude.
Compared with the prior art, the small-area control measurement operation method for the power plant and the power station has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a small-area control measurement operation method for a power plant and a power station, and the temporary fixing device has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation and convenience in carrying.
2. The invention provides a small-area control measurement operation method for a power plant and a power station, which replaces or calculates an actual edge length value by an ellipsoid base line, replaces the actual side length of a total station, reduces field workload and improves a control measurement processing method.
3. The invention provides a small-area control measurement operation method for a power plant and a power station, which is used for optimizing a control network type, acquiring calculation data by utilizing a network CORS (continuous reference system), eliminating the influence of long baseline joint measurement, simplifying a small-area control measurement method and improving the working efficiency.
4. The invention provides a small-area control measurement operation method for a power plant and a power station, which improves a control measurement field operation method, utilizes a temporary fixing device to replace a conventional tripod, reduces the number of equipment and load, reduces the personnel investment, increases the project flexibility, is beneficial to individual soldier operation, and improves the action efficiency.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a small area control measurement operation method for power plants and power stations in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph illustrating the control points and transition points of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described by the following detailed description. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the small area control measurement operation method for power plants and power stations includes the following steps:
step 1, reasonably arranging nets and planning positions of transition points:
according to the measuring area, developing and laying a control network, selecting at least 4-6 control points in the measuring area range of a station, presetting transition points in the middle of the control network in advance, arranging the positions of the transition points, wherein the transition points are positioned in the middle of the control points, and the selected control points are positioned at the positions which are convenient for traffic, wide in visual field, free of influence on cultivation, easy to store for a long time and convenient for construction and lofting;
step 2, determining transition point positions, and fixing a simple device:
after the control net is laid, preparing a simple device, wherein the length of the simple device is 30-100cm, the upper end of the simple device is provided with a thread which is fixedly matched with the GPS receiver, the lower end of the simple device is provided with a spiral drill bit for ground fixation, the simple device is fixed at a preset transition point position to replace a tripod, the simple device is connected with the GPS receiver, and the simple device is fixed;
and step 3, controlling measurement transmission:
in a small-range area with medium-low altitude, the precision of a control point needs to meet the requirement of a first-level GNSS control network, field control measures at least 3 GPS receivers, the GPS receivers on the simple device are always fixed, a tripod is erected on the control point by matching with the other 2 GPS receivers, leveling and centering are carried out, the antenna height is measured and measured, synchronous static observation is carried out on the antenna height and a transition point, and after the acquisition of each triangulation network is finished, the tripod is sequentially moved to finish the control measurement of the whole network until the observation of the whole control network is finished;
step 4, calculating CORS acquisition of starting data and static baseline calculation, wherein the operation steps are as follows:
step 4.1, firstly, selecting two points from control points distributed in a measuring area as adjustment starting points, and acquiring 2000 national coordinates of the control points by using a network CORS system to serve as project starting data;
step 4.2, base line resolving is carried out by Trimble TBC GNSS data processing software, and ring closure error detection is carried out after resolving is finished;
step 5, an ellipsoid baseline substitution or calculation starting side length calculation method comprises the following steps:
replacing or calculating the starting edge length value by using the spatial ellipsoid baseline, reducing the link of obtaining the real starting edge length value by field operation, and replacing field operation measurement by an internal operation method;
and 6, finishing combined adjustment:
the adjustment is carried out in a mode of one point plus one direction plus a distance so as to eliminate deformation influence, one starting point is fixed at first, any starting point is taken as a direction, and the real side length of any starting point is utilized to carry out combined constraint so as to obtain a final adjustment result.
Preferably, in step 3, the operation steps are as follows:
step 3.1, in the step 2, the GPS receiver on the simple device is fixed, and in the whole observation process, the simple device is ensured to be always stable and still, and the power supply of the equipment is sufficient and is always in a starting state;
step 3.2, erecting a second GPS receiver and a third GPS receiver on two calculation points by using a tripod, leveling and centering, measuring the antenna height, recording the instrument height and the starting time, wherein the observation time is 45 minutes, the data sampling interval is 10 seconds, the GDOP is less than or equal to 6, measuring the antenna height again after the observation is finished, and the difference value of the two readings is not more than 2 millimeters;
and 3.3, sequentially moving any one of the GPS receivers arranged on the tripod clockwise or anticlockwise, repeating the step 3.2, sequentially finishing the observation of each triangulation network, and making corresponding records.
Preferably, in step 5, in a low-altitude area, the altitude is not more than 80m, the distance between control points of a small-area mapping project is generally within 500 m, the control requirements are generally first-level GPS control points, the maximum is not more than four, and the like, the ellipsoid base line is adopted to replace the starting edge length, and the constraint adjustment processing is carried out.
Preferably, in step 5, in the middle and high altitude areas, the altitude does not exceed 2000m, in the hilly area, the altitude difference is not changed greatly, the vertical deviation is very small, for the control accuracy of four equal corners, the vertical deviation calculation can be omitted, the influence of vertical deviation correction, elevation difference correction and cross-section difference correction can be ignored when the altitude is within hundreds of meters, the local ellipsoid is parallel to the ground level, the ellipsoid baseline is adopted to calculate the edge calculation value, and the edge calculation length is calculated by using the geometric formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, L, L0For calculating the true edge length and the ellipsoid base length of the edge, R, H is the earth radius and altitude.
In the embodiment, step 1, reasonably arranging the net, and planning the position of the transition point:
and reasonably laying a control network according to the condition of the measuring area. Reasonably selecting 4-6 control point points in the measuring area range of a station, presetting transition points in the middle of a control network in advance, and planning the positions of the transition points, wherein as shown in FIG. 2, a circle represents the transition points, and a triangle represents the distributed control points, and all the selected control points are selected at positions which are convenient for traffic, wide in visual field, free from influencing cultivation, easy to store for a long time and convenient for construction and lofting, so that the selected points are prevented from being shielded or rolled and vibrated by vehicles, the stability of the control points is ensured, and the individual soldier operation is facilitated to be unfolded;
step 2, selecting a transition point, and fixing the simple device:
in the embodiment, the purposes of saving the number of equipment and field time and realizing cost reduction and efficiency improvement are achieved, 4-6 control points are generally arranged on a small-area topographic map of a power plant and a power station, if too many transition points exist, the number of transmission times is increased or the number of GPS and tripods is increased, so that only one transition point is arranged in the method; after the control network is laid, a simple device is prepared, the length of the simple device is about half a meter, the upper end of the simple device is provided with a thread fixedly sleeved with the GPS receiver, the lower end of the simple device is a drill bit type and is conveniently fixed on the common ground, the simple device is fixed at a preset transition point position and used for replacing a tripod and is connected with the GPS receiver, and the simple device is still until the observation of the control network is finished;
and step 3, controlling measurement transmission:
aiming at the small-range area with medium and low altitude, the precision of the control point needs to meet the requirement of a first-level GNSS control network, the method considers the factors of small area of a station, relatively small quantity of the control points, convenience for individual soldier operation and the like, and adopts 3 GPS receivers to complete the work. The patent guarantees that a GPS receiver on the simple device of the transition point is always motionless, a tripod is erected on a control point by using other 2 pieces of GPS equipment, the tripod is leveled and centered, the antenna height is measured and measured, and synchronous static observation is carried out on the antenna height and the transition point, and after the acquisition of each triangulation network is finished, the equipment on the 2 tripods is sequentially moved to finish the control measurement of the whole network until the observation of the whole control network is finished; the operation method comprises the following steps:
step 3.1, ensuring that the simple device in the step 2 is completely fixed, starting the GPS equipment, recording the on-off time information of the equipment, and ensuring that the fixing device is always stable and motionless and the power supply of the equipment is sufficient in the whole observation process and is always in a starting state;
and 3.2, erecting a tripod on two starting points by using two GPS devices, leveling and centering, measuring the height of the antenna, and recording the height of the instrument and the starting time. The observation time is 45 minutes, the data sampling interval is 10 seconds, and GDOP is less than or equal to 6. Measuring the height of the antenna again after the observation is finished, wherein the difference of the readings of the two times is not more than 2 mm;
and 3.3, sequentially moving one of the two GPS devices and the tripod according to the clockwise or anticlockwise direction, repeating the step 3.2, sequentially finishing the observation of each triangulation network, and making corresponding records.
Step 4, calculating CORS acquisition of starting data and static baseline calculation, wherein the operation steps are as follows:
and 4.1, firstly, selecting two points from the control points distributed in the measuring area as adjustment starting points, and acquiring 2000 national coordinates by using a network CORS system to serve as project starting data. The network CORS is convenient and rapid, has high precision, reduces the number of the stations for controlling the network, improves the field efficiency, and avoids the integral influence of long-distance joint measurement on the precision of a measurement area;
step 4.2, base line resolving is carried out by Trimble TBC GNSS data processing software, and ring closure error detection is carried out after resolving is finished;
step 5, an ellipsoid baseline replaces or calculates the length of the calculated side, and the medium-low altitude small area surveying and mapping project has the following two characteristics:
(a) the distance between control points of the small-area mapping project is generally within 500 meters, the control requirement is generally a first-level GPS control point, and the maximum is not more than four;
(b) in a hilly area, the height difference is not changed greatly, the vertical line deviation is very small, and the control precision of four equal corners can be realized without calculating the vertical line deviation; in addition, the altitude is generally considered to be within hundreds of meters, so that the influences of vertical deviation correction, standard altitude difference correction and cross section difference correction can be ignored, and the local ellipsoid is considered to be parallel to the ground level surface;
in the embodiment, for the two characteristics of (a) and (b), the spatial ellipsoid baseline is used for replacing or calculating the starting edge length value, so that the link of obtaining the real starting edge length value by field operation is reduced, the field operation measurement is replaced by an internal operation method, and the field operation labor intensity and the workload are reduced; the operation method comprises the following steps:
(a) for low-altitude areas (the altitude does not exceed 80m), the ellipsoid baseline can be directly used for replacing the starting edge length to carry out constraint adjustment processing;
(b) for the medium and high altitude regions (the altitude is not more than 2000m), the calculation edge length needs to be calculated by utilizing an ellipsoid baseline, and the calculation edge length is calculated by utilizing an equal ratio formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, L, L0For calculating the true side length and the ellipsoid base length of the side, R, H is the earth radius and the altitude;
and 6, finishing combined adjustment:
the adjustment is performed in a manner of one point + one direction + distance to eliminate the influence of deformation. The method comprises the following specific steps of fixing one starting point, taking the other starting point as a direction, and carrying out joint constraint by using the real side length of the other starting point to obtain a final adjustment result.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A small-area control measurement operation method for power plants and power stations is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, reasonably arranging nets and planning positions of transition points:
according to the measuring area, carrying out control network layout work, selecting at least 4-6 control points in the measuring area range of a station, presetting transition points in the control network in advance, wherein the transition points are positioned in the middle of the control points, and the selected control points are positioned at positions which are convenient to traffic, wide in visual field, free of influence on cultivation, easy to store for a long time and convenient to construct and loft, so that the control points are prevented from being blocked, rolled and vibrated by vehicles, the stability of the control points is ensured, and the operation of individual soldiers is facilitated;
step 2, determining transition point positions, and fixing a simple device:
after the control net is laid, preparing a simple device, wherein the length of the simple device is 30-100cm, the upper end of the simple device is provided with a thread which is fixedly matched with the GPS receiver, the lower end of the simple device is provided with a spiral drill bit for ground fixation, the simple device is fixed at a preset transition point position to replace a tripod, the simple device is connected with the GPS receiver, and the simple device is fixed;
and step 3, controlling measurement transmission:
in a small-range area with medium-low altitude, the precision of a control point needs to meet the requirement of a first-level GNSS control network, field control measures at least 3 GPS receivers, the GPS receivers on the simple device are always fixed, a tripod is erected on the control point by matching with the other 2 GPS receivers, leveling and centering are carried out, the antenna height is measured and measured, synchronous static observation is carried out on the antenna height and a transition point, and after the acquisition of each triangulation network is finished, the tripod is sequentially moved to finish the control measurement of the whole network until the observation of the whole control network is finished;
step 4, calculating CORS acquisition of starting data and static baseline calculation, wherein the operation steps are as follows:
step 4.1, firstly, selecting two points from control points distributed in a measuring area as adjustment starting points, and acquiring 2000 national coordinates of the control points by using a network CORS system to serve as project starting data;
step 4.2, base line resolving is carried out by Trimble TBC GNSS data processing software, and ring closure error detection is carried out after resolving is finished;
step 5, an ellipsoid baseline substitution or calculation starting side length calculation method comprises the following steps:
replacing or calculating the starting edge length value by using the spatial ellipsoid baseline, reducing the link of obtaining the real starting edge length value by field operation, and replacing field operation measurement by an internal operation method;
and 6, finishing combined adjustment:
the adjustment is carried out in a mode of one point plus one direction plus a distance so as to eliminate deformation influence, one starting point is fixed at first, any starting point is taken as a direction, and the real side length of any starting point is utilized to carry out combined constraint so as to obtain a final adjustment result.
2. A small area control measurement operation method for power plants and stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the operation steps are as follows:
step 3.1, in the step 2, the GPS receiver on the simple device is fixed, and in the whole observation process, the simple device is ensured to be always stable and still, and the power supply of the equipment is sufficient and is always in a starting state;
3.2, erecting a second GPS receiver and a third GPS receiver on two starting points by using a tripod, leveling and centering, measuring the antenna height, recording the instrument height and the starting time, wherein the observation time is 45 minutes, the data sampling interval is 10 seconds, the GDOP is less than or equal to 6, measuring the antenna height again after the observation is finished, and the difference value of the two readings is not more than 2 millimeters;
and 3.3, sequentially moving any one of the GPS receivers arranged on the tripod clockwise or anticlockwise, repeating the step 3.2, sequentially finishing the observation of each triangulation network, and making corresponding records.
3. A small area control measurement operation method for power plants and stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 5, in a low-altitude area, the altitude is not more than 80m, the distance between control points of a small-area surveying and mapping project is generally within 500 m, the control requirements are generally first-level GPS control points, the maximum is not more than four, and the like, the side length is replaced by an ellipsoid baseline, and the constraint adjustment processing is carried out.
4. A small area control measurement operation method for power plants and stations according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step 5, in the medium and high altitude areas, the altitude does not exceed 2000m, in the flat dune area, the altitude difference changes little, the vertical deviation is very small, for the control precision of four equal four corners, the vertical deviation calculation can be omitted, the vertical deviation correction, the standard altitude difference correction and the cross section difference correction can be ignored, the local ellipsoid is parallel to the ground level, the ellipsoid baseline is adopted to calculate the calculation edge value, the calculation edge length is calculated by using the geometric formula, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula, L, L0For calculating the true edge length and the ellipsoid base length of the edge, R, H is the earth radius and altitude.
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| CN115236703A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-10-25 | 长江三峡技术经济发展有限公司 | Method for solving inconsistency between satellite baseline resolving scale and total station distance measurement scale |
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