CN112728557B - Medical waste pyrolysis incinerator - Google Patents
Medical waste pyrolysis incinerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN112728557B CN112728557B CN202110032764.9A CN202110032764A CN112728557B CN 112728557 B CN112728557 B CN 112728557B CN 202110032764 A CN202110032764 A CN 202110032764A CN 112728557 B CN112728557 B CN 112728557B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
- F23G5/0273—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage using indirect heating
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/033—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment comminuting or crushing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
- F23G2201/30—Pyrolysing
- F23G2201/303—Burning pyrogases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2206/00—Waste heat recuperation
- F23G2206/10—Waste heat recuperation reintroducing the heat in the same process, e.g. for predrying
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2207/00—Control
- F23G2207/40—Supplementary heat supply
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2209/00—Specific waste
- F23G2209/20—Medical materials
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
Abstract
A medical waste pyrolysis incinerator comprises a filling port, a pyrolysis chamber, an incineration chamber, a smoke purification device, an ash collector, a pyrolysis gas recovery device and a heat recovery device, wherein a crusher and the pyrolysis chamber are sequentially arranged below the filling port, sealing doors are respectively arranged between the crusher and the filling port as well as between the crusher and the pyrolysis chamber, the incineration chamber is wrapped on the periphery of the pyrolysis chamber, a stirring device is arranged at the bottom in the pyrolysis chamber, a furnace door is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber, the incineration chamber is in an inverted concave shape, and the ash collector is arranged on protruding parts on two sides of the incineration chamber; pyrolysis gas recovery unit includes dust remover, cooler, first fan, flow control device, and pyrolysis gas vent that sets up on the pyrolysis chamber is passed through the pipe connection to dust remover one end, and the other end passes through pipe connection first fan, and pyrolysis gas leads to the gas through pyrolysis gas vent, first fan, flow control device to the incineration chamber. The invention has the advantages of cleanness, environmental protection, large treatment capacity, high thermal efficiency, no generation of toxic substances such as dioxin and the like, and wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medical waste treatment, in particular to a medical waste pyrolysis incinerator.
Background
Medical waste refers to contaminated waste produced by medical institutions after contact with blood, skin, etc. of patients, such as used disposable medical instruments, gauze, cotton balls, post-operative waste, and the like. Medical waste has strong pollution, the harmfulness of viruses and bacteria carried by the medical waste is dozens, hundreds or even thousands of times of that of common household waste, and if the medical waste cannot be treated correctly, the medical waste can seriously damage the ecological environment and even cause the pandemic of infectious diseases.
The traditional method for treating medical waste mainly comprises three main types: the first is high temperature treatment such as incineration, pyrolysis, gasification, etc.; the second type is alternative processes such as chemical sterilization, high-temperature high-pressure steam sterilization, dry heat sterilization, microwave treatment and safe landfill; the third category is innovative technologies, such as plasma technology, radiation technology. The prior art is still imperfect, the cost is high, large batches of medical waste cannot be treated, and the alternative treatment cannot perfectly treat some special waste and has sequelae, so that the high-temperature treatment is still the mainstream of the medical waste treatment scheme.
In the high-temperature treatment method, sufficient air is blown into the high-temperature treatment method to be fully combusted, and then the tail gas and the tailings are treated by utilizing the flue gas purification device and the ash collecting device, so that the treatment capacity is large, the cost is low, and the defects that combustion heat is dissipated in the air and the requirement of the era of energy conservation and emission reduction is not met are overcome; the pyrolysis method is to pyrolyze the medical waste under the high-temperature anaerobic condition, break chemical bonds of compounds by using heat energy, and convert organic matters with large molecular weight into combustible gas, liquid fuel and coke, so that the medical waste is treated, heat is recovered, the era requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are met, but the key problem lies in the provision of a heat source.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a medical garbage pyrolysis incinerator which combines an incineration method and a pyrolysis method and has the advantages of large treatment capacity, high thermal efficiency, no generation of toxic substances such as dioxin and the like.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a medical waste pyrolysis incinerator comprises a filling port, a pyrolysis chamber, an incineration chamber, a flue gas purification device, an ash collector, a pyrolysis gas recovery device and a heat recovery device, wherein a pulverizer and the pyrolysis chamber are sequentially arranged below the filling port, openable sealing doors are arranged among the pulverizer, the filling port, the pulverizer and the pyrolysis chamber, the incineration chamber is wrapped on the periphery of the pyrolysis chamber, heat generated by incineration in the incineration chamber provides working energy for the pyrolysis chamber, a stirring device is arranged at the bottom in the pyrolysis chamber, a furnace door for supplying pyrolysis residues to the incineration chamber is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber, the incineration chamber is in an inverted concave shape, and the ash collector is arranged on protruding parts on two sides of the incineration chamber and used for collecting ash in the incineration chamber;
pyrolysis gas recovery unit includes dust remover, cooler, first fan, flow control device, the pyrolysis gas vent of seting up on the pyrolysis chamber is passed through the pipe connection to dust remover one end, and the other end passes through the pipe connection first fan, pyrolysis gas are introduced by first fan after dust remover removes dust, the cooler cooling by the pyrolysis gas vent flow control device 14 to the gas that lets in suitable flow to the incineration chamber after temperature sensor's detection.
Further preferably, the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber is provided with a heat conducting layer of the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber.
Further optimizing, the position of the lower part of the incineration chamber, which is close to the ash collector, is provided with a second fan, and the second fan blows sufficient air into the incineration chamber so as to realize the full combustion of the pyrolysis residues in the incineration chamber.
Further optimizing, the outer wall of the incineration chamber is provided with an outer wall heat-insulating layer of the incineration chamber.
Further optimize, heat reclamation device sets up in the incineration chamber, and the gas eduction tube through the device is with the indoor unnecessary heat discharge of incineration chamber outdoor and retrieve.
Further optimize, still be connected with the gas jar on the flow control device, the gas jar is used for the replenishment of pyrolysis gas when not enough to the burning room gas to guarantee the normal clear of burning work of burning room.
Further optimize, flue gas purification device sets up in the top of burning chamber, and the flue gas in the burning chamber is handled through flue gas purification device to discharge by the first fan is supplementary.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the incineration chamber can provide a heat source for the pyrolysis chamber, the pyrolysis chamber can provide pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues for the incineration chamber for incineration, the utilization efficiency of heat in the system is very high, the sealing door and the furnace door are closed after filling, the pyrolysis chamber becomes a closed oxygen-free or oxygen-poor environment, most of crushed medical waste can be decomposed into combustible gas under the action of high temperature, toxic substances such as dioxin are basically not generated, and the difficulty in setting a tail gas treatment device is reduced;
(2) the pyrolysis gas recovery device with the flow control device can supply gas according to the feedback of the temperature sensor, so that the combustion stability in the incineration chamber can be ensured, the waste of the gas can be reduced, part of heat generated by the incineration chamber can be collected by the heat recovery device, the heat recovery device is used for production and living activities such as heating and the like, and resources are saved;
in conclusion, the invention is provided with the perfect flue gas purification device and the ash collector, has no pollution, is clean and environment-friendly, has large treatment capacity, high thermal efficiency, no generation of toxic substances such as dioxin and the like, and can be widely applied.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the furnace body of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. the device comprises a material filling port, 2, a sealing door, 3, a pulverizer, 4, a second fan, 5, a pyrolysis chamber, 6, an incineration chamber, 7, a stirring device, 8, a furnace door, 9 a heat recovery device, 10 an ash collector, 11, a first fan, 12, an air inlet, 13, a gas inlet, 14, a flow control device, 15, a gas tank, 16, a pyrolysis gas exhaust port, 17, a cooler, 18, a flue gas exhaust port, 19, a flue gas purification device, 20, an incineration chamber outer wall heat insulation layer, 21, a pyrolysis chamber outer wall heat conduction layer, 22, a dust remover and 23 temperature sensors.
Detailed Description
The utility model provides a medical waste pyrolysis incinerator, includes filler mouth 1, pyrolysis chamber 5, incineration chamber 6, gas cleaning device 19, ash collector 10, pyrolysis gas recovery unit and heat reclamation device 9.
The incinerator is characterized in that a pulverizer 3 and a pyrolysis chamber 5 are sequentially arranged below the filling port 1, openable sealing doors 2 are arranged between the pulverizer 3 and the filling port 1 as well as between the pulverizer 3 and the pyrolysis chamber 5, the incineration chamber 6 wraps the periphery of the pyrolysis chamber 5, heat generated by incineration in the incineration chamber 6 provides working energy for the pyrolysis chamber 5, a stirring device 7 is arranged at the bottom in the pyrolysis chamber 5, a furnace door 8 for discharging pyrolysis residues to the incineration chamber 6 is arranged on the side wall of the pyrolysis chamber 5, the incineration chamber 6 is in an inverted concave shape, and ash and slag collectors 10 are arranged on protruding parts on two sides of the incineration chamber 6 and used for collecting ash and slag in the incineration chamber 6; pyrolysis gas recovery unit includes dust remover 22, cooler 17, first fan 11, flow control device 14, 22 one end of dust remover is passed through the pipe connection and is seted up pyrolysis gas vent 16 on pyrolysis chamber 5, and the other end passes through the pipe connection first fan 11, pyrolysis gas is removed dust, is cooled off by cooler 22 by pyrolysis gas vent 16 after, by first fan 11 introduction flow control device 14 to it lets in the gas of suitable flow to incineration chamber 6 after the detection through temperature sensor 23.
The outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber 5 is provided with a pyrolysis chamber outer wall heat conduction layer 21, a large amount of heat is conducted to the pyrolysis chamber to supply heat to decompose and use, the outer wall of the incineration chamber 6 is provided with an incineration chamber outer wall heat preservation layer 20, and heat loss is reduced.
Still be connected with gas jar 15 on the flow control device 14, gas jar 15 is used for the replenishment of gas in the combustion chamber 6 when pyrolysis gas is not enough, and 6 below of combustion chamber are close to ash collector 10 positions and are equipped with second fan 4, and the back is closed to the furnace gate, according to temperature sensor 23's feedback, gas jar 15 lets in appropriate amount gas by seting up the gas air inlet 13 on combustion chamber 6 in to combustion chamber 6, and the input of gas is controlled by flow control device 14 simultaneously, and second fan 4 is through seting up the air inlet 12 on combustion chamber 6 to the air of 6 drum income volumes of combustion chamber to the pyrolysis residue in the realization combustion chamber 6 can fully burn.
The heat recovery device 9 is arranged in the incineration chamber 6, and the redundant heat in the incineration chamber 6 is discharged out of the chamber and recovered through a gas outlet pipe of the device, so that the device can be used for heating in life.
The flue gas purification device 19 is arranged above the incineration chamber 6, and flue gas in the incineration chamber 6 passes through a flue gas exhaust port 18 arranged on the incineration chamber 6, is treated by the flue gas purification device 19, and is discharged by the aid of the first fan 11.
The feeding port 1 crushes the fed medical waste so that the medical waste can be sufficiently treated by a subsequent system, and the crushed medical waste is fed into the pyrolysis chamber 5; the pyrolysis chamber 5 fully pyrolyzes the crushed medical waste under the oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient condition, and the products after pyrolysis are pyrolysis gas and solid residues; pyrolysis gas and air are introduced into the incineration chamber 6 to fully incinerate the pyrolysis residues, so that a heat source is provided for the incinerator; the flue gas generated by the incineration chamber 6 can be treated by the flue gas purification device 19 and then discharged, so that clean discharge of the flue gas is realized; the ash collector 10 intensively treats solid wastes generated after the incineration chamber 6 is fully incinerated by the ash collector 10; the pyrolysis gas recovery device cools the pyrolysis gas generated by the pyrolysis chamber 5, then feeds the cooled pyrolysis gas into the flow control device 14, and provides combustible gas with proper flow for the incineration chamber 6 under the regulation of the flow control device 14; the heat recovery device 9 collects the heat generated by the combustion chamber through the working medium.
The working process is as follows: medical waste enters a crusher 3 from a filling port 1 through a sealing door 2, after the medical waste is crushed, the sealing door 2 between the crusher 3 and the filling port 1 is closed, the sealing door 2 between the crusher 3 and a pyrolysis chamber 5 is opened, the crushed medical waste enters the pyrolysis chamber, the sealing door 2 between the crusher 3 and the pyrolysis chamber 5 is closed, the pyrolysis chamber 5 starts to work, the pyrolysis heat comes from an incineration chamber 6, and the crushed medical waste is fully stirred by a waste stirring device 7 of the pyrolysis chamber under the high-temperature anaerobic or oxygen-poor condition to generate pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residues; pyrolysis gas enters a pyrolysis gas recovery device from an exhaust port 16, is dedusted by a deduster 22, is cooled by a cooler 17, is introduced into a flow control device 14 by a fan, and is fed into the incineration chamber 6 by the flow control device 14 according to the feedback of a temperature sensor 23, and in order to ensure the combustion stability, required gas is supplemented to the flow control device by a gas tank 15 when the pyrolysis gas is insufficient;
after the pyrolysis chamber 5 finishes one-time work, the furnace door 8 is opened, pyrolysis residues enter the incineration chamber 6 under the centrifugal action of the garbage stirring device 7, then the furnace door is closed, according to the feedback of the temperature sensor 23, a proper amount of fuel gas is introduced into the incineration chamber 6 by the pyrolysis gas recovery device, sufficient air is blown into the incineration chamber by the second fan 4, the pyrolysis residues are fully combusted, a large amount of heat is generated, the large amount of heat is conducted to the pyrolysis chamber for pyrolysis under the action of the heat conducting material on the outer wall 21 of the pyrolysis chamber, and the heat loss is reduced because the outer wall 20 of the incineration chamber is made of a heat insulating layer material;
after one work of the incineration chamber 6 is finished, a small part of heat can be recycled by the heat recovery device 9, the smoke generated by incineration enters the smoke exhaust port 18 and is exhausted after being treated by the smoke purification device 19, and the ash generated by incineration can be properly treated after being collected by the ash collector 10.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered to be the basic principles, essential features and advantages of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, but various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a medical waste pyrolysis incinerator, includes filler hole (1), pyrolysis chamber (5), incineration chamber (6), flue gas purification device (19), lime-ash collector (10), pyrolysis gas recovery unit and heat recovery unit (9), its characterized in that, the below of filler hole (1) is equipped with rubbing crusher (3) in proper order and pyrolysis chamber (5), all be equipped with between rubbing crusher (3) and filler hole (1), rubbing crusher (3) and pyrolysis chamber (5) and open sealing door (2), incineration chamber (6) parcel is in pyrolysis chamber (5) periphery, and the heat of burning production in incineration chamber (6) provides operating energy for pyrolysis chamber (5), and the bottom is equipped with agitating unit (7) in pyrolysis chamber (5), sets up on pyrolysis chamber (5) lateral wall and supplies the heat to decompose the furnace gate (8) of residue row to incineration chamber (6), and incineration chamber (6) are the concave type of handstand, the ash collector (10) is arranged on the protruding parts at the two sides of the incineration chamber (6) and is used for collecting ash in the incineration chamber (6);
pyrolysis gas recovery unit includes dust remover (22), cooler (17), first fan (11), flow control device (14), pipe connection is passed through to dust remover (22) one end and is seted up pyrolysis gas vent (16) on pyrolysis chamber (5), and the other end passes through the pipe connection first fan (11), pyrolysis gas are removed dust, cooler (17) cooling back by pyrolysis gas vent (16) through dust remover (22), are introduced by first fan (11) flow control device (14) to gas that lets in suitable flow to incineration chamber (6) through the detection of temperature sensor (23).
2. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: and the outer wall of the pyrolysis chamber (5) is provided with a pyrolysis chamber outer wall heat conduction layer (21).
3. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: and a second fan (4) is arranged below the incineration chamber (6) and close to the ash collector (10), and the second fan (4) blows sufficient air into the incineration chamber (6) so as to realize the sufficient combustion of the pyrolysis residues in the incineration chamber (6).
4. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: and the outer wall of the incineration chamber (6) is provided with an outer wall heat-insulating layer (20) of the incineration chamber.
5. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: the heat recovery device (9) is arranged in the incineration chamber (6), and the excess heat in the incineration chamber (6) is discharged out of the chamber and recovered through a gas delivery pipe of the device.
6. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: still be connected with gas jar (15) on flow control device (14), gas jar (15) are used for the replenishment of pyrolysis gas when not enough to gas in combustion chamber (6) to guarantee combustion chamber (6) and burn the normal clear of work.
7. The incinerator according to claim 1, wherein: the flue gas purification device (19) is arranged above the incineration chamber (6) and is used for treating the flue gas discharged from the incineration chamber (6).
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| CN202110032764.9A CN112728557B (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2021-01-12 | Medical waste pyrolysis incinerator |
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| CN202110032764.9A CN112728557B (en) | 2021-01-12 | 2021-01-12 | Medical waste pyrolysis incinerator |
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| CN112728557B true CN112728557B (en) | 2022-06-17 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114151798A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-08 | 济南市琦泉热电有限责任公司 | Incineration system of hazardous waste disposal center |
| CN114251669B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-11-17 | 常州大学 | Tanning sludge pyrolysis incinerator with chromium oxidation inhibiting function and treatment method thereof |
| CN115046203B (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2023-11-21 | 青岛德瑞汇丰环保科技股份有限公司 | Pyrolysis device and waste treatment system |
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