CN112727709A - System and method for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of fan tower drum - Google Patents
System and method for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of fan tower drum Download PDFInfo
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- CN112727709A CN112727709A CN202110193182.9A CN202110193182A CN112727709A CN 112727709 A CN112727709 A CN 112727709A CN 202110193182 A CN202110193182 A CN 202110193182A CN 112727709 A CN112727709 A CN 112727709A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for monitoring slight settlement and inclination of a fan tower, and belongs to the technical field of wind power generation. The laser emitter is arranged on a first horizontal plane facing the tower drum, the charge coupling element is vertically arranged on a second horizontal plane of the outer wall of the tower drum, the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane are coplanar, and the first horizontal plane is lower than the second horizontal plane; the aperture filter, the spectroscope, the first semicircular prism, the second semicircular prism and the light reducing mirror are sequentially arranged on a transmission path of laser emitted by the laser emitter, the aperture filter, the spectroscope and the first semicircular prism are arranged on a first horizontal plane, and the second semicircular prism and the light reducing mirror are arranged on a second horizontal plane; a light intensity measuring device is arranged on a reflected light path of the spectroscope; the light intensity measuring device and the charge coupled device are respectively connected to the data processing system. The invention can simply and effectively monitor the inclination state of the tower drum, and has a sensitive function of monitoring the settlement of the tower drum, so that the wind turbine generator can run healthily, safely and reliably.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wind power generation, and particularly relates to a system and a method for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of a fan tower.
Background
Wind power generation technology has been fully developed in the past 10 years and is trending toward further rapid development in the future. Along with the increase of the single-machine power of the wind turbine generator, the diameter of a wind wheel of a fan is increased, the weight of a cabin is increased, the height and the weight of a tower barrel of the fan for mounting the cabin of the fan are increased continuously, and the requirements of the wind turbine generator on foundation surveying and designing are improved.
In order to ensure the safe operation of the wind turbine generator, the online monitoring of the safety and health state of the tower drum is very important, and particularly, a newly-built tower drum adopting an ultrahigh flexible tower and an old tower drum entering the later stage of the life cycle are adopted. The high-spatial-resolution and high-sensitivity tower barrel safety and health monitoring system is developed, slight inclination caused by factors such as uneven settlement and loosening of bolts of the tower barrel of the wind turbine generator is found in advance, a solution is provided in a targeted manner, and healthy, safe and reliable operation of the wind turbine generator is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of a wind turbine tower, which can monitor an inclination state of the tower more easily and effectively, and have a sensitive function of monitoring settlement of the tower, so that a wind turbine generator can operate healthily, safely and reliably.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention discloses a system for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of a fan tower, which comprises a laser transmitter, a diaphragm filter, a spectroscope, a first semicircular prism, a second semicircular prism, a dimming mirror and a charge coupling element, wherein the diaphragm filter is arranged on the laser transmitter;
the laser emitter is arranged on a first horizontal plane facing the tower drum, the charge coupling element is vertically arranged on a second horizontal plane of the outer wall of the tower drum, the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane are coplanar, and the first horizontal plane is lower than the second horizontal plane; the aperture filter, the spectroscope, the first semicircular prism, the second semicircular prism and the light reducing mirror are sequentially arranged on a transmission path of laser emitted by the laser emitter, the aperture filter, the spectroscope and the first semicircular prism are arranged on a first horizontal plane, and the second semicircular prism and the light reducing mirror are arranged on a second horizontal plane; a light intensity measuring device is arranged on a reflected light path of the spectroscope; the light intensity measuring device and the charge coupled device are respectively connected to the data processing system.
Preferably, the aperture of the iris filter is adjustable.
Preferably, the included angle between the spectroscope and the laser emitted by the laser emitter is 45 degrees, and the light intensity of the reflected light of the spectroscope is 4-5% of the light intensity of the laser emitted by the laser emitter.
Preferably, the light intensity measuring device comprises a light intensity measuring instrument and an oscilloscope, the light intensity measuring instrument faces the reflected light path of the spectroscope, the light intensity measuring instrument is connected with the oscilloscope, and the oscilloscope is connected with the data processing system.
Preferably, a horizontal guide rail is arranged on the first horizontal plane, a moving module is connected to the horizontal guide rail, the moving module is connected with a first prism angle adjuster, and the first prism angle adjuster is connected with the first semicircular prism.
Preferably, the second horizontal plane is provided with a mounting platform, the mounting platform is provided with a second prism angle adjuster, and the second prism angle adjuster is connected with the second semicircular prism.
Preferably, the area of the photosensitive area array of the charge coupled device is 3-5 times larger than the area of the received laser beam, and the center of the photosensitive area of the charge coupled device is coincident with the center of the received laser beam.
Preferably, a light shielding shell is arranged between the light reduction mirror and the charge coupling element.
The invention discloses a method for monitoring the sedimentation inclination of a fan tower drum by adopting the system for monitoring the fine sedimentation inclination of the fan tower drum, which comprises the following steps:
the laser emitter emits laser beams with specific wavelength and intensity at a preset frequency, the laser beams are adjusted into circular laser beams with preset diameters through an aperture filter, after the circular laser beams reach a beam splitter, reflected light beams reach a light intensity measuring device, measured light intensity data are sent to a data processing system, refracted light beams continue to be transmitted to a first semicircular prism, enter a second semicircular prism after being totally reflected in the first semicircular prism, enter a light reduction mirror after being totally reflected again in the second semicircular prism, and irradiate on the charge coupled device after the light intensity is reduced through the light reduction mirror; and the data processing system realizes the settlement inclination monitoring of the tower drum of the fan according to the parameters of the circular laser beams irradiated on the charge coupled element.
Preferably, the monitoring of the settlement inclination of the tower of the wind turbine specifically comprises:
the charge coupling element consists of M multiplied by N photosensitive diodes, and output data of the charge coupling element is transmitted to a data processing system to be processed into an M multiplied by N data matrix;
the laser emitter emits X beams of laser every day, and for the ith beam of laser emitted by the laser emitter, the amplitude I output by the light intensity measuring device is combinediAnd a data matrix A received by the data processing systemi,M×NAnd calibrating the ith data matrix according to the following formula to eliminate the influence of the laser intensity fluctuation emitted by the laser emitter:
averaging processes X data per day:
data of the first day
For reference, data of each day is recorded
And matrix subtraction processing is carried out on the obtained product:
matrix the difference
Making a two-dimensional cloud picture of laser intensity difference distribution, and judging whether the tower barrel is settled or inclined;
the inclination angle alpha of the tower barrel in the vertical plane parallel to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam is as follows:
wherein n is+And n-Data of each day of traversal respectively entering and leaving the circular laser beam projection area due to tower tilt
The number of pixels in the vertical direction of the center of the light intensity distribution area; l is the size of a single photodiode;
the position variation of the charge coupling element in the vertical height is as follows:
wherein n iso,1stAnd
are respectively as
And
the number of line sequences corresponding to the center of the laser intensity distribution circle;
the inclination angle beta of the tower barrel in the vertical plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam is as follows:
wherein m is+And m-Data of each day of traversal respectively entering and leaving the circular laser beam projection area due to tower inclination
The number of pixels in the horizontal direction of the center of the light intensity distribution area;
the integral inclination angle gamma of the tower barrel is as follows:
γ＝arccos(cosα×cosβ)。
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
the invention discloses a system for monitoring slight settlement and inclination of a fan tower, which is characterized in that a charge coupling element is fixed at the higher position of the tower in consideration of the higher characteristic of the existing fan tower, and the propagation direction of a laser beam is changed through the total reflection of two semicircular prisms without reflection loss; the geometric characteristic that the height of the tower barrel can linearly amplify the inclination which cannot be observed by naked eyes is utilized, based on the characteristics of a relatively simple circular laser beam system and high space resolution of a photosensitive diode, a measurement and data analysis system of the charge coupled device for the two-dimensional distribution of the light intensity of the circular laser beam is designed, and the safety and health state of the tower barrel can be monitored on line by comparing the change of the laser intensity in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. The aperture filter can adjust the shape of the laser; because the measuring light intensity range of the charge coupled device is limited, the dimming mirror can avoid damage caused by overlarge intensity of the incident laser. The laser has single wavelength, stable intensity, small influence of dispersion of ambient air and the characteristics of recording, data processing and analyzing of light intensity by the charge coupling element, and can capture the tiny (10 um level) inclined state of the tower by utilizing the characteristic of high spatial resolution of the charge coupling element, thereby providing data and guidance for further measures for maintenance of the tower of the wind turbine, and being beneficial to the healthy, safe and reliable operation of the wind turbine.
Furthermore, the aperture of the aperture filter is adjustable, so that the cross section of a beam of laser passing through the aperture filter is circular with a set diameter, and the monitoring requirements under different conditions are met.
Furthermore, because the intensity of the laser can be attenuated to a certain degree in the transmission process, the spectroscope detects the light intensity of 4-5% of reflected light of the laser beam, and the interference of the attenuation of the laser intensity on the measurement and analysis of the light intensity can be eliminated.
Furthermore, the position and the angle of the first semicircular prism can be adjusted through the horizontal guide rail and the first prism angle adjuster, and different parameter requirements are met.
Furthermore, the angle of the second semicircular prism can be adjusted through the second prism angle adjuster, and different parameter requirements are met.
Furthermore, the area of the photosensitive area array of the charge coupled device is 3-5 times larger than that of the laser beam, so that the received laser can be projected on the charge coupled device, more edge areas are reserved, and the accuracy of analysis and calculation is improved.
Furthermore, a shading shell is arranged between the light reduction mirror and the charge coupling element, so that the influence of background light on measurement can be eliminated.
The method for monitoring the settlement and inclination of the fan tower drum by adopting the system for monitoring the fine settlement and inclination of the fan tower drum can accurately capture the fine settlement and inclination state of the tower drum, so that the wind turbine generator can run healthily, safely and reliably.
Furthermore, through the quantitative processing of various numerical values, specific numerical values of the settlement and the inclination of the tower can be obtained, and a powerful theoretical basis is provided for the monitoring and analysis of the settlement and the inclination of the tower of the wind turbine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the total reflection propagation path of the laser beam in the semicircular prism;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a circular laser beam projected normally onto a CCD;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating changes in the CCD region when the tower is not tilted and tilted at an angle α;
5-1-5-4 are two-dimensional distribution cloud charts of difference matrixes of the measured laser intensity distribution of the nth day and the data of the 1 st day under different conditions;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the distribution characteristics of the laser intensity of a circular laser beam in the vertical (or horizontal) direction measured by a charge coupled device.
In the figure: 1-a laser emitter; 2-an aperture filter; a 3-spectroscope; 4-light intensity measuring instrument; 5-an oscilloscope; 6-1-a first semi-circular prism; 6-2-a second semi-circular prism; 7-horizontal guide rails; 8-a mobile module; 9-1-a first prism angle adjuster; 9-2-a second prism angle adjuster; 10-mounting a platform; 11-a light reduction mirror; 12-a charge coupled element; 13-a signal processor; 14-a computer; 15-a tower drum; 16-a photodiode; 17-circular laser beam; 18-
The center of the light intensity distribution area; 19-
The center of the light intensity distribution area.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the following drawings and specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative and not limiting:
referring to FIG. 1, the system for wind turbine tower fine settlement inclination monitoring of the present invention arranges a laser platform at a horizontal position relatively far from the tower 15. The laser emitter 1 emits a laser beam with a specific wavelength and a stable intensity at a set frequency (e.g., 0.1 to 1 time/min) as a light source for monitoring the settlement or inclination state of the tower 15. The cross section of the laser beam output by the laser transmitter 1 is not absolutely circular, and in order to exclude the adverse effect of the beam cross section shape on downstream measurement and data analysis, an aperture filter 2 is arranged downstream of the laser transmitter 1. The structure of the aperture filter 2 is similar to that of a camera aperture, and the diameter of a light-transmitting circular hole in the center of the aperture filter is adjustable, so that the cross section of a beam of laser light passing through the aperture filter 2 is circular with a set diameter.
Considering that the settlement and inclination of the tower barrel occur relatively slowly, the output laser intensity of the laser emitter 1 is attenuated to a certain degree, in order to eliminate the interference of the attenuation of the laser intensity on the measurement and analysis of the light intensity, the vertically arranged spectroscope 3 is arranged behind the aperture filter 2, the spectroscope 3 and the laser beam are arranged at an angle of 45 degrees, so that the laser beam reflects part of the laser (4-5%) due to the mirror reflection, the intensity of the part of the laser is measured and output by using the light intensity measuring instrument 4 which is vertically arranged with the part of the laser, the light intensity is displayed as a pulse signal on the oscilloscope 5, and the amplitude of the pulse is in direct proportion to the.
The unreflected horizontal circular laser beam can completely pass through the spectroscope 3, pass through a first semicircular prism 6-1 and a second semicircular prism 6-2 which are arranged in a high-low mode, and finally, the circular laser beam 17 is projected on the installation platform 10 fixed at a higher position (such as a proper position at the lower part of a cabin) of the tower 15 in the same horizontal mode. The horizontal circular laser beam 17 passes through a vertically arranged beam reduction mirror 11 and a charge coupled device 12 (also called CCD) on the mounting platform 10 in succession. The laser intensity measurement is performed and output by means of a photodiode 16 closely arranged on the charge coupled device 12.
As shown in fig. 2, the first and second semicylindrical prisms 6-1 and 6-2 are mainly used to change the direction of laser light based on the principle of total emission of light. The laser beam is emitted along the radial direction, the incident angle exceeds the critical angle (arcsin (1/n), n is the refractive index of the prism material), the light beam realizes total reflection in the first semicircular prism 6-1 and the second semicircular prism 6-2, and the propagation direction of the laser beam can be realized by means of the first semicircular prism 6-1 and the second semicircular prism 6-2 without reflection loss. The second half-round prism 6-2 on the mounting platform 10 is fixed in position and its arrangement angle (i.e. the angle between the side plane of the prism and the horizontal direction) is finely adjusted by means of the second prism angle adjuster 9-2, while the arrangement position of the first half-round prism 6-1 on the ground is adjustable by means of the moving module 8 mounted on the horizontal guide 7 and also by means of the first prism angle adjuster 9-1. Therefore, the laser beams are totally reflected in the two semicircular prisms through the position movement of the first semicircular prism 6-1 on the ground and the arrangement angle adjustment of the first semicircular prism 6-1 and the second semicircular prism 6-2, so that the horizontal transmission of the laser beams is realized, and the reflection loss of the laser beams is reduced.
Because the CCD 12 is sensitive to the light intensity, the light sensing element, i.e., the light sensing diode 16, has a limited range of light intensity measurement, so as to avoid the damage caused by the over-high intensity of the incident laser, the output light intensity of the laser emitter 1 can be properly reduced, and the charge-coupled device 12 is provided with the dimming mirror 11 with low light transmittance, so that the light intensity density of the circular laser beam 17 passing through the dimming mirror 11 is greatly reduced, and the circular laser beam can be successfully and safely captured by the charge-coupled device 12. Referring to fig. 3, the size of the ccd 12 should exceed the cross-sectional area of the circular laser beam 17 so that it can be projected all the way onto the ccd 12, leaving more edge area. Generally, the area of the photosensitive area array of the charge coupled device 12 is 3 to 5 times larger than the area of the received laser beam, and the center of the photosensitive area of the charge coupled device 10 coincides with the center of the received laser beam.
The charge coupled device 12 is also called CCD, and is a widely used digital camera image sensor. It is composed of a certain number of photodiodes 16 uniformly arranged (refer to fig. 3), the photodiodes 16 are closely arranged and have an extremely small size, macroscopically it can be understood that each photodiode 16 is a single point, which is referred to as a pixel for short. The photodiode 16 senses light, captures photons and converts light intensity into digital signals, and the digital signals are processed by the signal processor 13 and then transmitted to the computer 14 for storage and analysis. An opaque material is covered between the light reduction mirror 11 and the charge coupled device 12 to eliminate most of the background light (such as sunlight).
As shown in fig. 3, the ccd 12 is composed of M × N photodiodes 16, the output data of which is transmitted to the computer 14 and can be processed into an M × N data matrix, each element value of which is in direct proportion to the intensity of light measured by the corresponding photodiode 16. The two-dimensional mapping of the data matrix can be used to obtain a cloud of light intensity distributions on the ccd 12. Due to the circular laser beam 17 incident on the ccd 12, it is expected that the two-dimensional light intensity distribution measured by the ccd 12 is circular based on the arrangement of the present laser system, and outside this circular area, the intensity of the background light and a very small amount (negligible) of laser light is extremely low and close to zero. I.e. the charge coupled device 12 alone is considered to accurately capture the intensity distribution of the circular laser beam 17.
In the circular area and the peripheral area, the transition distance is very short, which is determined by the sharp light intensity distribution characteristic of the circular edge of the circular laser beam 17, as shown in fig. 6, the transition between the high value and the low value of the light intensity corresponds to the spatial distance not more than 10um, and the arrangement density of the photodiode 16 in the charge coupled device 12 is often higher, so that the spatial resolution of a single pixel is very high, which can reach the level of 1-5 um/pixel, that is, the light intensity is measured by the charge coupled device 12, and the transition zone level of the circular light intensity partition and the peripheral background area is 1-2 pixels.
Based on this characteristic, the patent analyzes the inclination or settlement state of the tower using the following method.
Setting a laser transmitter 1 to transmit laser at a lower frequency (1 time/min), and combining the transmitted ith laser beam with an amplitude I output by an oscilloscope 5iAnd a data matrix A received by computer 14i,M×NAnd calibrating the ith data matrix to eliminate the influence of the laser intensity fluctuation emitted by the laser emitter 1:
considering that the structure of the wind turbine tower 15 is relatively stable, the data (for example, 1440 data per day) measured in the non-running state of the wind turbine is selected to be averaged, so as to reduce the system measurement error and improve the data accuracy:
data of the first day with low wind speed and no fan operation
For reference, data of each day is recorded
And performing matrix subtraction processing on the obtained product.
Matrix the difference
And (3) making a two-dimensional cloud chart of laser intensity difference distribution, and judging whether the inclination or settlement of the tower barrel or the inclination and settlement occurs simultaneously based on the occurrence of the most value (high value/low value) in the graphs 5-1-5-4 and the region:
(1) if it is not
And
the circular areas of the intensity distributions of (1) are almost overlapped, i.e. the difference matrix
The two-dimensional cloud chart does not have obvious high value or low value, each element value in the matrix is small and even close to 0, and the tower tube 15 can be considered to be in a normal state. This is because, after the simple laser system of the present invention is initially adjusted, the positions of the various parts are fixed, and in the case where the tower 15 is not tilted or settled,
are very close.
(2) If it is not
The abnormal value (high value/low value) region of (A) is shown in FIG. 5-1, i.e.
The center 18 of the circular area of light intensity distribution
The circle center 19 of the circular area of light intensity distribution is changed only in the vertical direction, and 3 possibilities (only settlement, only inclination or simultaneous settlement and inclination) are needed to be combined
A column matrix passing through the center of circle (3-5 columns of column matrices can be taken for averaging processing on the left and right sides of the center of circle to reduce errors) and
and (3) comparing the number of pixels (effective pixel number for short) recording the laser intensity in the column matrix, and judging:
(2.1) if the number of effective pixels in the two column matrixes is the same, the tower tube 15 is only settled;
(2.2) if the number of effective pixels in the two column matrices is different, i.e.
The cloud of intensity distributions of (a) is elliptical, the tower 15 is tilted in a vertical plane parallel to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam 17 (or tilted with sedimentation).
In the above case, the inclination angle (see angle a in fig. 4) at which the tower is inclined in the vertical plane parallel to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam 17 is calculated as follows:
wherein n is+And n-Respectively entering and leaving the circular laser due to tower inclinationPenetration of the projection area of the beam 17
The number of pixels in the vertical direction of the center 18 of the light intensity distribution circular region; l is the size of the individual photodiode 16.
And the position of the charge coupled device 12 in the vertical height varies (i.e. decreases) by an amount of
Wherein n iso,1stAnd
are respectively taken as above
And
the number of line sequences corresponding to the center of the laser intensity distribution circle.
(3) If it is not
The abnormal value (high value/low value) region of (A) is shown in FIG. 5-2, i.e.
The center 18 of the circular area of light intensity distribution
The fact that the centre 19 of the circular area of intensity distribution only varies horizontally is practically ruled out because if the tower is settled or tilted, the position of the charge-coupled device 12 will vary equally, and the position of the photodiode 16, which registers the intensity of the centre of the circular laser beam 17, in the vertical direction will necessarily vary, whether settled or tilted.
(4) If it is not
The abnormal value (high value/low value) region of (A) is shown in FIG. 5-3 (or FIG. 5-4), i.e.
The center 18 of the circular area of light intensity distribution
The circle center 19 of the light intensity distribution circular area has simultaneous changes in the horizontal and vertical directions, and it can be judged that the tower barrel has simultaneous inclination (or inclination accompanied by settlement) in the vertical plane parallel and perpendicular to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam 17.
The inclination angle in the vertical plane parallel to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam 17 is calculated by a first formula; the inclination angle in the vertical plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam 17 is calculated by the following formula:
wherein m is+And m-Respectively, into and out of the circular laser beam 17 projection area due to the inclination of the tower 15
The number of pixels in the horizontal direction of the center 18 of the light intensity distribution circular region; l is the size of the individual photodiode 16.
The integral inclination angle gamma of the tower barrel is as follows:
γ＝arccos(cosα×cosβ)。
it should be noted that the above description is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and equivalent changes made to the system described in the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention. Persons skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may substitute similar alternatives for the specific embodiments described, all without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A system for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of a fan tower is characterized by comprising a laser transmitter (1), a diaphragm filter (2), a spectroscope (3), a first semicircular prism (6-1), a second semicircular prism (6-2), a dimming mirror (11) and a charge coupling element (12);
the laser emitter (1) is arranged on a first horizontal plane facing the tower drum (15), the charge-coupled device (10) is vertically arranged on a second horizontal plane of the outer wall of the tower drum (15), the first horizontal plane and the second horizontal plane are coplanar, and the first horizontal plane is lower than the second horizontal plane; the aperture filter (2), the spectroscope (3), the first semicircular prism (6-1), the second semicircular prism (6-2) and the light reducing mirror (11) are sequentially arranged on a transmission path of laser emitted by the laser emitter (1), the aperture filter (2), the spectroscope (3) and the first semicircular prism (6-1) are arranged on a first horizontal plane, and the second semicircular prism (6-2) and the light reducing mirror (11) are arranged on a second horizontal plane; a light intensity measuring device is arranged on a reflected light path of the spectroscope (3); the light intensity measuring device and the charge coupled device (12) are respectively connected to a data processing system.
2. System for wind turbine tower fine settlement inclination monitoring according to claim 1, characterized in that the aperture of the iris filter (2) is adjustable.
3. The system for monitoring the fine settlement and inclination of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the included angle between the spectroscope (3) and the laser emitted by the laser emitter (1) is 45 degrees, and the light intensity of the reflected light of the spectroscope (3) is 4% -5% of the light intensity of the laser emitted by the laser emitter (1).
4. The system for monitoring the fine settlement and inclination of the wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light intensity measuring device comprises a light intensity measuring instrument (4) and an oscilloscope (5), the light intensity measuring instrument (4) is over against the reflected light path of the spectroscope (3), the light intensity measuring instrument (4) is connected with the oscilloscope (5), and the oscilloscope (5) is connected with the data processing system.
5. The system for monitoring fine settlement and inclination of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 1, wherein a horizontal guide rail (7) is provided on the first horizontal plane, a moving module (8) is connected to the horizontal guide rail (7), the moving module (8) is connected to a first prism angle adjuster (9-1), and the first prism angle adjuster (9-1) is connected to the first semicircular prism (6-1).
6. The system for fine settlement tilt monitoring of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 1, wherein a mounting platform (10) is provided on the second horizontal surface, a second prism angle adjuster (9-2) is provided on the mounting platform (10), and the second prism angle adjuster (9-2) is connected to the second semicircular prism (6-2).
7. The system for wind turbine tower fine settlement inclination monitoring according to claim 1, wherein the area of the photosensitive area array of the charge coupled device (12) is 3-5 times larger than the area of the receiving laser beam, and the center of the photosensitive area of the charge coupled device (10) coincides with the center of the receiving laser beam.
8. The system for wind turbine tower fine settlement inclination monitoring according to claim 1, wherein a light shielding housing is provided between the light reducing mirror (11) and the charge coupled device (12).
9. The method for monitoring the sedimentation and inclination of the wind turbine tower by adopting the system for monitoring the fine sedimentation and inclination of the wind turbine tower as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the laser emitter (1) emits laser beams with specific wavelength and intensity at a preset frequency, the laser beams are adjusted into circular laser beams with preset diameters through the diaphragm filter (2), after the circular laser beams reach the spectroscope (3), reflected light beams reach the light intensity measuring device, measured light intensity data are sent to the data processing system, refracted light beams continue to propagate to the first semicircular prism (6-1), are totally reflected in the first semicircular prism (6-1), enter the second semicircular prism (6-2), are totally reflected again in the second semicircular prism (6-2), enter the light reduction mirror (11), are reduced in light intensity through the light reduction mirror (11), and then irradiate on the charge coupling element (12); and the data processing system realizes the monitoring of the settlement inclination of the tower of the wind turbine according to the parameters of the circular laser beam (17) irradiated on the charge coupled element (12).
10. The method for monitoring the wind turbine tower settlement inclination by using the system for monitoring the fine settlement inclination of a wind turbine tower as claimed in claim 9, wherein the monitoring of the settlement inclination of the wind turbine tower specifically comprises:
the charge coupling element (12) is composed of M multiplied by N photosensitive diodes (16), and output data of the charge coupling element is transmitted to a data processing system to be processed into an M multiplied by N data matrix;
the laser emitter (1) emits X beams of laser every day, and for the ith beam of laser emitted by the laser emitter (1), the amplitude I output by the light intensity measuring device is combinediAnd a data matrix A received by the data processing systemi,M×NAnd calibrating the ith data matrix according to the following formula to eliminate the influence of the fluctuation of the laser intensity emitted by the laser emitter (1):
averaging processes X data per day:
data of the first day
For reference, data of each day is recorded
And matrix subtraction processing is carried out on the obtained product:
matrix the difference
Making a two-dimensional cloud picture of laser intensity difference distribution, and judging whether the tower drum (15) is settled or inclined;
the tower (15) is inclined in a vertical plane parallel to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam (17) by an inclination angle alpha:
wherein n is+And n-Data of each day of the traverse respectively entering and leaving the projection area of the circular laser beam (17) due to the inclination of the tower (15)
The number of pixels in the vertical direction of the center (18) of the light intensity distribution area; l is the size of a single photodiode (16);
the position variation quantity of the charge coupling element (12) in the vertical height is as follows:
Δh＝cosα·(no，1st-no，nth)×l
wherein n iso，1stAnd no，nthAre respectively as
And
the number of line sequences corresponding to the center of the laser intensity distribution circle;
the tower (15) is inclined in a vertical plane perpendicular to the propagation direction of the circular laser beam (17) by an inclination angle beta:
wherein m is+And m-Data of each day of the cross-section respectively entering and leaving the projection area of the circular laser beam (17) due to the inclination of the tower (15)
The number of pixels in the horizontal direction of the center (18) of the light intensity distribution area;
the integral inclination angle gamma of the tower (15):
γ＝arccos(cosα×cosβ)。
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