CN112725707A - Production method for producing steel plate with thickness of 350mm for water turbine seat ring by rolling instead of forging - Google Patents
Production method for producing steel plate with thickness of 350mm for water turbine seat ring by rolling instead of forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725707A CN112725707A CN202011534469.5A CN202011534469A CN112725707A CN 112725707 A CN112725707 A CN 112725707A CN 202011534469 A CN202011534469 A CN 202011534469A CN 112725707 A CN112725707 A CN 112725707A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of medium plate production, and particularly relates to a production method for producing a 350mm thick steel plate for a water turbine seat ring by rolling instead of forging. The steel plate is subjected to clean steel smelting, water-cooling die pouring, heating, rolling, tempering, slow cooling and heat treatment through reasonable component design, so that different parts of the obtained steel plate are uniform in components, compact in structure and slight in segregation, and the steel plate shows good comprehensive performance, good bending performance, moderate strength and sufficient plastic storage in a supply state and a post-welding heat treatment state; the low-temperature toughness is excellent, and the abundant quantity of the series temperature impact absorption energy is large; the Z-direction performance of the steel plate is good, and the requirement of Z35 level can be met; the steel plate has uniform head and tail properties and good isotropy, and all properties and indexes meet the requirements of the steel for the tear-resistant steel plate of the large hydroelectric generating set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of medium plate production, and particularly relates to a production method for producing a steel plate for a 350mm thick water turbine seat ring by rolling instead of forging.
Background
The turbine seat ring is a basic component of the water turbine, bears the weight of concrete of the whole unit and unit section and also bears the action of water pressure, so that the turbine seat ring is required to have enough rigidity and strength. Electroslag remelting or forging is generally adopted for replacement, but the production cost of the scheme is high, in order to reduce the cost, casting ingots are adopted for production in an attempt, but the internal quality of the conventional casting ingots is unstable, and the defects of shrinkage cavities, air holes, impurities and the like are easily generated, so that the use requirements cannot be met.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a production method for producing a steel plate for a 350mm thick water turbine seat ring by rolling instead of forging.
The invention aims to realize the purpose that in the aspect of component design, basic elements such as C, Mn, Si, P, S, Als and the like and alloy elements such as Cr, Nb, V and the like are combined and matched, and low-temperature impact toughness and welding performance of a steel plate are improved by adopting low-carbon Mn and trace alloy on the premise of ensuring the strength of the steel plate, and the steel plate comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (unit, wt%): c: 0.10-0.15, Si: 0.20-0.40, Mn: 1.50-1.65, P is less than or equal to 0.015, S is less than or equal to 0.003, Nb: 0.030-0.050, V: 0.030-0.050, Cr: 0.20-0.30, and the balance of Fe and residual elements;
the production method of the steel comprises clean steel smelting, water-cooling die casting, heating, rolling, slow cooling type tempering and heat treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. clean steel smelting: the molten iron produced from a blast furnace is prepared by controlling the mass percent of trace elements to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Pb and less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Bi, and is subjected to KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining and VD degassing, wherein the total amount of non-metallic inclusions in the molten iron is controlled within 2.0, the hydrogen content is less than 1.2ppm, and no deoxidizing agent or alloy is added after the;
b. water-cooling mold pouring: the VD breaks the air to start pouring, soft argon blowing of 20NL/min is kept, the soft argon blowing time is not less than 10min, the argon blowing is stopped after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to a liquidus line plus 45-55 ℃, the temperature error of the molten steel is measured for three times and is within 2 ℃, the pouring is started after the molten steel is kept still for 5-8min, a steel ingot with the weight of 40t and the thickness of 800mm is selected, carbonized rice hulls are added to preserve the heat of a riser after the pouring is finished, the riser is demoulded after 8 hours, and the riser is directly transferred to a slow cooling pit for;
c. heating: when the furnace temperature is below 700 ℃, the heating rate is less than 70 ℃/h, when the furnace temperature is above 700 ℃, the heating rate is less than 100 ℃/h, then the furnace temperature is quickly heated to the heat preservation section of 1290 +/-20 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.1-1.5 min/mm, and the temperature of the steel ingot body is measured before tapping and is not less than 1270 ℃;
d. rolling: rolling at high temperature, low speed and high reduction, wherein the initial rolling temperature is more than 980 ℃, the single-pass reduction is 50-80mm, and the final rolling temperature is more than 950 ℃;
e. slow cooling type tempering: after rolling, quickly lifting the steel plate to a trolley furnace for tempering, wherein the temperature of the steel plate entering the furnace is higher than 600 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 650-; it should be noted that, after the annealing, the carbon atoms in the carbon-rich region in the steel sheet diffuse into the carbon-poor region, so that the segregation of other elements such as C, Mn in the steel sheet can be reduced, the dislocation density in the steel sheet is reduced, and the hydrogen atoms in the steel sheet diffuse from the core to the surface of the steel sheet in the longer annealing and annealing process, thereby reducing the rolling stress and the structural non-uniformity of the steel sheet, improving the mechanical properties of the steel sheet, and also playing a role of fully diffusing and eliminating the hydrogen elements.
f. And (3) heat treatment: the method comprises pre-normalizing and normalizing, wherein the pre-normalizing temperature is 920 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.2min/mm, the pre-normalizing temperature is fast cooled in a water pool, the re-reddening temperature is 550-; normalizing at 880 +/-10 ℃ for 2.4min/mm, quickly cooling in the water tank again at the temperature of 600 ℃ and 610 ℃ to ensure that the strength is matched with the low-temperature impact toughness, and finally cooling in a slow cooling pit to normal temperature.
The steel plate obtained by adopting the scheme has good longitudinal and transverse low-temperature impact performance, excellent lamellar tearing resistance, lower carbon equivalent and good welding performance, has excellent flaw detection quality, can completely meet the primary flaw detection requirement of GB/T2970-.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a metallographic photograph (metallographic microscope, magnification × 1000) of the structure at head 1/2 after heat treatment according to an example of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic phase of the structure at 1/2 of the tail after heat treatment according to an embodiment of the invention (metallographic microscope, x 1000).
FIG. 3 shows the macro topography (SEM, x 15) of the Z-direction tensile sample in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the microstructure (SEM, x 200) of a Z-direction tensile sample in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The examples adopt the following chemical compositions (unit, wt%) by mass percent: c: 0.11, Si: 0.35, Mn: 1.63, P: 0.013, S: 0.001, Nb: 0.045, V: 0.046, Cr: 0.28, the balance being Fe and residual elements,
the production method comprises the following processes: self-produced molten iron (strictly controlling the content of residual elements) → molten iron pretreatment → top-bottom combined blown converter → LF refining → VD degassing → water-cooled die casting → steel ingot slow cooling → charging heating → rolling → slow cooling type tempering → heat treatment → flaw detection → finishing → pressing flat → external inspection → warehousing.
1) Strictly controlling the content of trace elements in the molten iron: sb is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, Sn is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, As is less than or equal to 0.015 percent, Pb is less than or equal to 0.010 percent, and Bi is less than or equal to 0.010 percent.
2) Pretreating molten iron: the thickness of a slag layer is controlled below 10mm by slagging off, and the content of S is ensured to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent after S is removed.
3) Top-bottom combined blown converter: the temperature of molten iron entering the furnace is 1300 ℃, the Si content is 0.39%, the P content is 0.085%, the adding amount of scrap steel is not more than 14t, double-slag operation is adopted, the steel tapping C is not more than 0.06%, the steel tapping P is not more than 0.008%, the process point is blown for 1 time, a slag blocking cone is adopted in the steel tapping process, 100kg of aluminum blocks are added for deoxidation, silicon-manganese alloy is added for component preparation, and 150m of aluminum wires are added for strong deoxidation after steel tapping.
4) And LF refining, namely, slagging is carried out by adopting 1100Kg of lime, 180Kg of alumina balls, 700Kg of calcium carbide and 80Kg of aluminum particles, the slag is grey white after the refining and heating are finished, the final smelting slag is white slag with good fluidity and foamy slag condition, the subsequent white slag holding time is more than or equal to 30min, the adjusting times of the Als component in the whole LF refining process are controlled within 2 times, and the total refining time is required to be controlled within 70-80 min. The final slag comprises the following components: 53 percent of CaO,SiO210%、Al2O321%、MgO 7%、 FeO 0.6%、R 5.3。
5) VD degassing: the limiting vacuum degree in the tank is required to be controlled at 23Pa, the VD pressure maintaining time is controlled at 20min, the argon blowing condition is increased in the pressure maintaining process, the argon blowing strength is controlled at 600L/min, the churning effect is enhanced, and the H content in the molten steel after VD is finished is controlled within 0.8 ppm.
6) Water-cooling mold pouring: and adopting a single ingot of 40T, and pouring a steel ingot with the ingot thickness of 800mm and the ingot width of 2140 mm. Controlling the flow of argon after the molten steel reaches the die casting, adopting a soft blowing process, controlling the flow of the soft blowing at 20NL/min, controlling the soft blowing time at 15min, facilitating the full floating of impurities by the soft blowing, and stopping blowing the argon after the temperature is reduced to 1563 ℃; measuring the temperature error within 2 ℃ for 3 times, standing for 7min, and starting pouring; the pouring time of the body is controlled to be 17-22min, and the pouring time of the riser is controlled to be 6-8 min; the cooling water quantity at the early stage of pouring is controlled to be 380-3H, after the pouring is finished for 60min, the water quantity is reduced to 200m3The pouring temperature, the pouring speed and the cooling water amount are controlled to accelerate the solidification speed of the molten steel, after the pouring is finished, the water amount is controlled and the heat preservation effect of a riser is improved, so that the defects of looseness, segregation and the like are favorably reduced, meanwhile, the component deviation of the head and the tail of the steel plate is reduced, the internal original quality of the steel ingot is ensured, and a foundation is provided for meeting the internal flaw detection quality through a rolling process subsequently; after the pouring is finished, 150-plus 200kg of carbonized rice hulls are added for heat preservation, and after half an hour, 100kg of carbonized rice hulls are added for the second time to improve the heat preservation effect of the riser head.
7) Slowly cooling a steel ingot: and after the steel ingot is demoulded, directly transferring to a slow cooling pit for slow cooling and stress relief, and thoroughly cleaning the surface cracks, pit pressing, indentations, riser flashes, residual refractory materials, riser line folding and other harmful defects of the steel ingot body after 48 hours.
8) Charging and heating: the temperature rise speed is less than 70 ℃/h when the furnace temperature is below 700 ℃, the temperature rise speed is less than 100 ℃/h when the furnace temperature is above 700 ℃, then the temperature is quickly raised to the temperature preservation section of 1290 +/-20 ℃, and the temperature preservation time is 1.3 min/mm. The temperature of the steel ingot body needs to be measured about 1280 ℃ before tapping so as to be beneficial to high-temperature rolling.
9) Rolling: the initial rolling temperature is about 1020 ℃, the single-pass reduction is 60-70mm, and the final rolling temperature is about 980 ℃.
10) Slow cooling type tempering: after rolling, quickly lifting the steel plate to a trolley furnace for tempering, wherein the steel plate entering temperature is 620 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 670 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.2min/mm, when the temperature of the steel plate is reduced to about 630 ℃, the steel plate is lifted to a slow cooling pit by a high-temperature clamp, covered with a heat preservation layer, and then slowly cooled to 90 ℃ for unstacking. After the annealing, carbon atoms in a carbon-rich area in the steel plate are diffused to a carbon-poor area, so that the segregation of other elements such as C, Mn in the steel plate can be reduced, the dislocation density in the steel plate is reduced, and hydrogen atoms in the steel plate are diffused to the surface from the core part of the steel plate in the longer annealing and annealing process to escape, so that the rolling stress and the structural nonuniformity of the steel plate are reduced, the mechanical property of the steel plate is improved, and the hydrogen atoms can be fully diffused and eliminated.
11) And (3) heat treatment: the pre-normalizing temperature is 920 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.2min/mm, the pre-normalizing temperature is fast cooled in a water pool, the red return temperature is 550-; normalizing at 880 +/-10 ℃ for 2.4min/mm, quickly cooling in the water tank again at the temperature of 600-.
The 350mm thick hydroelectric steel plate for the water turbine seat ring, which is obtained according to the procedures, has the following quality detection conditions:
(1) mechanical property detection
The sampling position and the preparation of the mechanical property test piece of the steel plate are carried out according to the GB/T2975 standard and the GB/T5313 regulation, the low-temperature impact toughness test is carried out according to the GB/T229 standard, and the tensile property test is carried out according to the GB/T228 standard. Simulating a postweld heat treatment system: keeping the temperature at 600 ℃, keeping the temperature for 5 hours, and cooling along with the furnace. The results of the mechanical property tests are shown in the following table:
(2) metallographic structure detection
The metallographic structure is evaluated according to the standard of GB/T13299 (method for evaluating microstructure of steel) and GB/T6394 (method for measuring average grain size of metal), the matrix structure mainly comprises ferrite and pearlite, the grain size is 9-10 grades, and the appearance is shown in figures 1 and 2. The Z-direction tensile fracture is macroscopically cup-cone-shaped, mainly comprises a central fiber area and a shearing lip on the periphery, is mainly a dimple-shaped fracture with better plasticity under a scanning electron microscope, and has the structure morphology shown in figures 3 and 4.
(3) Inclusion detection
The inclusion rating is carried out according to GB/T10561 microscopic examination method of determination standard rating chart of the content of non-metallic inclusions in steel, and the detection results are shown in the following table:
(4) nondestructive inspection
And carrying out nondestructive inspection according to the standard of GB/T2970-2016 thick steel plate ultrasonic inspection method, and combining two grades.
According to the test results, the hydroelectric steel plate for the 350mm thick water turbine seat ring has the advantages that different parts are uniform in components, compact in structure and slight in segregation, the carbon equivalent Ceq is 0.43% at most, and the components and impurity content meet the technical requirements of Z35-grade tear-resistant steel. The steel plate shows good comprehensive performance, good bending performance, moderate strength and sufficient plastic reserve in a supply state and a post-welding heat treatment state; the low-temperature toughness is excellent, and the abundant quantity of the series temperature impact absorption energy is large; the Z-direction performance of the steel plate is good, the maximum reduction of area is 66%, the minimum reduction of area is 58%, and the Z35 level requirement can be met; the steel plate has uniform head and tail properties and good isotropy, and all properties and indexes meet the requirements of the steel for the tear-resistant steel plate of the large hydroelectric generating set.
Claims (1)
1. The production method for producing the steel plate with the thickness of 350mm for the water turbine seat ring by rolling instead of forging is characterized in that the steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (unit, wt%): c: 0.10-0.15, Si: 0.20-0.40, Mn: 1.50-1.65, P is less than or equal to 0.015, S is less than or equal to 0.003, Nb: 0.030-0.050, V: 0.030-0.050, Cr: 0.20-0.30, and the balance of Fe and residual elements;
the production method of the steel comprises clean steel smelting, water-cooling die casting, heating, rolling, slow cooling type tempering and heat treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
a. clean steel smelting: the molten iron produced from a blast furnace is prepared by controlling the mass percent of trace elements to be less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Sb, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of Sn, less than or equal to 0.015 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Pb and less than or equal to 0.010 percent of Bi, and is subjected to KR molten iron pretreatment, converter smelting, LF refining and VD degassing, wherein the total amount of non-metallic inclusions in the molten iron is controlled within 2.0, the hydrogen content is less than 1.2ppm, and no deoxidizing agent or alloy is added after the;
b. water-cooling mold pouring: the VD breaks the air to start pouring, soft argon blowing of 20NL/min is kept, the soft argon blowing time is not less than 10min, the argon blowing is stopped after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to a liquidus line plus 45-55 ℃, the temperature error of the molten steel is measured for three times and is within 2 ℃, the pouring is started after the molten steel is kept still for 5-8min, a steel ingot with the weight of 40t and the thickness of 800mm is selected, carbonized rice hulls are added to preserve the heat of a riser after the pouring is finished, the riser is demoulded after 8 hours, and the riser is directly transferred to a slow cooling pit for;
c. heating: when the furnace temperature is below 700 ℃, the heating rate is less than 70 ℃/h, when the furnace temperature is above 700 ℃, the heating rate is less than 100 ℃/h, then the furnace temperature is quickly heated to the heat preservation section of 1290 +/-20 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1.1-1.5 min/mm, and the temperature of the steel ingot body is measured before tapping and is not less than 1270 ℃;
d. rolling: rolling at high temperature, low speed and high reduction, wherein the initial rolling temperature is more than 980 ℃, the single-pass reduction is 50-80mm, and the final rolling temperature is more than 950 ℃;
e. slow cooling type tempering: after rolling, quickly lifting the steel plate to a trolley furnace for tempering, wherein the temperature of the steel plate entering the furnace is higher than 600 ℃, the heat preservation temperature is 650-;
f. and (3) heat treatment: comprises pre-normalizing and normalizing, wherein the pre-normalizing temperature is 920 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.2min/mm, the temperature is rapidly cooled in a water pool, and the temperature of red return is 550-; the normalizing temperature is 880 +/-10 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2.4min/mm, the mixture enters the water pool again for quick cooling, the temperature of the return red is 600-.
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