CN112725644A - 一种高温合金棒丝材的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高温合金棒丝材的制备工艺方法，主要针对制备高温合金GH4169棒丝材进行展开。该制备方法包括真空感应熔炼制坯、上引连续铸造、表面处理、热轧、盐浴处理及酸洗、固溶处理、冷拉拔、中间退火、时效处理等工序。由于合金材料的塑性性能、加工手段有限，冷拉拔工艺需要进行多道次进行。该发明制得的GH4169棒丝材组织均匀、强度高、疲劳强度优良，适用于以各类高温合金棒丝材作为原材料加工的多项工程领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高温合金制造技术领域，具体涉及一种高温合金棒丝材的制备工艺方法。
背景技术
高温合金是指以铁、镍、钴为基，能在600℃以上的高温及一定应力作用下长期工作的一类金属材料。GH4169是一种沉淀强化镍基高温合金，在-253～650℃温度范围内具有良好的综合性能，具有良好的抗疲劳、抗氧化、耐腐蚀性能，以及良好的加工性能以及焊接性能。可以制造各种结构复杂的构件，在航空航天、核能工程、石油化工领域获得了极为广泛的应用。
GH4169高温合金棒丝材主要用于制造航空航天发动机领域的各类转动件和静止件，制造核工程中的各类弹性元件和架格以及制造各类需要在高温等极端环境下保持稳定的构件。制造航空和航天发动机中各种静止件和转动件，如盘、环件、机匣、轴、叶片、紧固件、弹性元件、燃气导管、密封元件等和焊接结构件；制造核能工业应用的各种弹性元件和格架；制造石油和化工领域应用的零件及其他零件。对于GH4169高温合金的生产制造工艺要求较高，因此寻找一种能够适用于高效、稳定生产高温合金棒丝材的制备工艺方法，是在高温合金领域急需要解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术中存在的问题，提供一种高温合金棒丝材制备工艺，生产效率高，步骤简单。
高温合金棒材是一种常见的高温合金合金零件，在对高温合金棒材的生产加工过程中经常性的需要对棒材进行冷拔，冷拔是材料的一种加工工艺，对于金属材料，冷拔指的是为了达到一定的形状和一定的力学性能，而在材料处于常温的条件下进行拉拔。冷拔的产品较热成形有表面光洁度好和尺寸精确的优点。
为实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明提供了高温合金棒丝材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
A、真空感应熔炼：采用多次真空感应熔炼的方法制得高温合金坯件；
B、上引连续铸造：将高温合金坯件在加热炉中加热至1260～1320℃，然后进行上引连铸制备成φ12mm的合金棒；
C、表面处理：采用无芯车床扒皮去除1mm厚的表面氧化层和缺陷，得到光亮无明显缺陷的光亮坯料，再使用碱液进行表面清理，保持表面的清洁；
D、热轧：在加热炉中加热至1000℃～1120℃进行热轧，热轧成直径为6mm的棒丝材，水淬至常温；
E、盐浴处理及酸洗：将棒丝材进行盐浴预处理，然后使用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合酸进行酸洗；
E、固溶处理：在冷加工前在加热炉中以950～980℃保温1h，出炉后快速水冷；
F、冷拉拔：采用冷拉拔工艺，使得高温合金棒丝材逐渐变细，直至直径≤2mm；
G、中间退火：在两道次冷拉拔中间在960～980℃内保温50min进行退火热处理；
H、时效处理：将冷拉拔处理后的高温合金丝材进行时效处理。
进一步地，所述步骤A中，真空熔炼使用的坩埚采用氧化铝和氧化镁为基的耐火材料，精炼期真空度应达到抽气设备实际的最高值，通常在1.33～0.13 N/m之间，保证真空冶炼的优势。
进一步地，所述步骤F中，冷拉拔第一次的延伸系数控制在1.25，得到直径4.8mm的高温合金丝材；第二道次的延伸系数控制在1.26，直径变为3.8mm；第三道次的延伸系数为1.27，得到直径为3mm的高温合金棒丝材；最后进行延伸系数≤1.4的冷拉拔，最终获得直径不超过3mm的成品；
进一步地，所述步骤G中，在两道次的冷拉拔中间都要进行退火处理，消除冷变形所带来的加工硬化效果。
进一步地，所述步骤H中，在最后冷变形完成，对高温合金棒丝材进行时效处理，增强材料的强度和硬度，提高材料的使用性能。
有益效果：
1、本发明为高温合金棒丝材的制备提供了可行有效的方法；
2、本发明方法所制备的高温合金棒丝材，强度硬度较高，使用性能较为优异，具有很高的工程应用价值。
3、本发明方法从坯件的制备到最终棒丝材的成形形成完备的制备体系，方法较为科学可靠。
附图说明
图1为高温合金棒丝材制备流程图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例子，详细说明GH4169合金棒丝材的制备方法。
实施例1
本实施例的高温合金棒丝材的制备方法，具体步骤如下：
A、真空感应熔炼：采用多次真空感应熔炼的方法制得高温合金坯件。
B、上引连续铸造：将高温合金坯件在加热炉中加热至1280℃，然后进行上引连铸制备成φ12mm的合金棒；对棒丝材进行硬度测试，测出GH4169高温合金的硬度为
C、表面处理：采用无芯车床扒皮去除1mm厚的表面氧化层和缺陷，再使用碱液进行表面清理；
D、热轧：在加热炉中加热至1050℃进行热轧，热轧成直径为6mm的棒丝材，水淬至常温；
E、盐浴处理及酸洗：将棒丝材进行盐浴预处理，然后使用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合酸进行酸洗，硝酸浓度为210g/L，氢氟酸的浓度为25g/L。
E、固溶处理：在冷加工前在加热炉中以960℃保温1h，出炉后快速水冷；
F、冷拉拔：采用冷拉拔工艺，冷拉拔第一次的延伸系数控制在1.25，得到直径4.8mm的高温合金丝材；第二道次的延伸系数控制在1.26，直径变为3.8mm；第三道次的延伸系数为1.27，得到直径为3mm的高温合金棒丝材；最后进行延伸系数≤1.4的冷拉拔，最终获得直径不超过3mm的成品；
G、中间退火：在每两道次冷拉拔中间在970℃内保温50min进行退火热处理；
H、时效处理：将冷拉拔处理后的高温合金丝材加热到1050℃进行时效处理，得到直径2.8mm的高温合金丝材。
现有的固溶强化后的GH4169高温合金，布氏硬度为363HBS，抗拉强度为965MPa，屈服强度为550MPa，对本实施例制备的高温合金棒丝材进行硬度测试，测出GH4169高温合金的布式硬度为375HBS，又进行强度测试，GH4169的抗拉强度为1025MPa，屈服强度为580MPa。
实施例2
A、真空感应熔炼：采用多次真空感应熔炼的方法制得高温合金坯件；
B、上引连续铸造：将高温合金坯件在加热炉中加热至1300℃，然后进行上引连铸制备成φ12mm的合金棒；
C、表面处理：采用无芯车床扒皮去除1mm厚的表面氧化层和缺陷，再使用碱液进行表面清理；
D、热轧：在加热炉中加热至1060℃进行热轧，热轧成直径为6mm的棒丝材，水淬至常温；
E、盐浴处理及酸洗：将棒丝材进行盐浴预处理，然后使用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合酸进行酸洗，硝酸浓度为200g/L，氢氟酸的浓度为20g/L。
E、固溶处理：在冷加工前在加热炉中以950℃保温1h，出炉后快速水冷；
F、冷拉拔：采用冷拉拔工艺，冷拉拔第一次的延伸系数控制在1.22，得到直径4.9mm的高温合金丝材；第二道次的延伸系数控制在1.22，直径变为4.0mm；第三道次的延伸系数为1.33，得到直径为3mm的高温合金棒丝材；最后进行延伸系数≤1.4的冷拉拔，最终获得直径不超过3mm的成品；
G、中间退火：在每两道次冷拉拔中间在960℃内保温50min进行退火热处理；
H、时效处理：将冷拉拔处理后的高温合金丝材加热到1030℃进行时效处理，得到直径2.6mm的高温合金丝材。
现有的固溶强化后的GH4169高温合金，布氏硬度为363HBS，抗拉强度为965MPa，屈服强度为550MPa，对本实施例制备的高温合金棒丝材进行硬度测试，测出GH4169高温合金的布式硬度为381HBS，又进行强度测试，GH4169的抗拉强度为1040MPa，屈服强度为590MPa。
实施例3
A、真空感应熔炼：采用多次真空感应熔炼的方法制得高温合金坯件；
B、上引连续铸造：将高温合金坯件在加热炉中加热至1270℃，然后进行上引连铸制备成φ12mm的合金棒；
C、表面处理：采用无芯车床扒皮去除1mm厚的表面氧化层和缺陷，再使用碱液进行表面清理；
D、热轧：在加热炉中加热至1050℃进行热轧，热轧成直径为6mm的棒丝材，水淬至常温；
E、盐浴处理及酸洗：将棒丝材进行盐浴预处理，然后使用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合酸进行酸洗，硝酸浓度为210g/L，氢氟酸的浓度为25g/L。
E、固溶处理：在冷加工前在加热炉中以960℃保温1h，出炉后快速水冷；
F、冷拉拔：采用冷拉拔工艺，冷拉拔第一次的延伸系数控制在1.27，得到直径4.7mm的高温合金丝材；第二道次的延伸系数控制在1.23，直径变为3.8mm；第三道次的延伸系数为1.27，得到直径为3mm的高温合金棒丝材；最后进行延伸系数≤1.4的冷拉拔，最终获得直径不超过3mm的成品；
G、中间退火：在每两道次冷拉拔中间在980℃内保温50min进行退火热处理；
H、时效处理：将冷拉拔处理后的高温合金丝材加热到1010℃进行时效处理，得到直径2.4mm的高温合金丝材。
对制备的高温合金棒丝材进行硬度测试，测出GH4169高温合金的布式硬度为382HBS，又进行强度测试，GH4169的抗拉强度为1010MPa，屈服强度为570MPa。
现有的固溶强化后的GH4169高温合金，布氏硬度为363HBS，抗拉强度为965MPa，屈服强度为550MPa，本实施例的方法制备的GH4169高温合金的强度硬度较之现有的GH4169高温合金性能都更加优越。
上述事例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化及修饰，都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种高温合金棒丝材的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤
A、真空感应熔炼：采用多次真空感应熔炼的方法制得高温合金坯件，GH4169的化学成分（质量分数，%）为C 0.04；Cr 18.09；Fe 17.69；Nb+Ta 5.43；Mo 3.07；Al 0.46；Ti 0.97；Si 0.078；Mn 0.065；Co 0.18；Cu 0.065；Ni余量；以此成分制备高温合金坯件；
B、上引连续铸造：将高温合金坯件在加热炉中加热至1260～1320℃，然后进行上引连铸制备成φ12mm的合金棒；
C、表面处理：采用无芯车床扒皮去除1mm厚的表面氧化层和缺陷，得到光亮无明显缺陷的光亮坯料，再使用碱液进行表面清理，保持表面的清洁；
D、热轧：在加热炉中加热至1000℃～1120℃进行热轧，热轧成直径为6mm的棒丝材，水淬至常温；
E、盐浴处理及酸洗：将棒丝材进行盐浴预处理，然后使用硝酸和氢氟酸的混合酸进行酸洗；
固溶处理：在冷加工前在加热炉中以950～980℃保温1h，出炉后快速水冷；
冷拉拔：采用冷拉拔工艺，使得高温合金棒丝材逐渐变细，直至直径≤3mm；
G、中间退火：在两道次冷拉拔中间在960～～980℃内保温50min进行退火热处理，消除内应力；
H、时效处理：将冷拉拔处理后的高温合金丝材加温至1030～1050℃保温进行时效处理，完成后将棒丝材矫直，制备完成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，坯件的制备包括坩埚的选择与制备，炉料准备，熔化和精炼以及浇注，得到高温合金坯件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，加热炉要有较精确地控温能力，炉气必须是中性或弱碱性的，避免炉气成分在氧化性和还原性中波动，化学性能不稳定。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在步骤F中冷拉拔分为多道次进行，每次的延伸系数控制在1.3以下；
第一道次的延伸系数为1.25，得到直径4.8mm的高温合金丝材；第二道次的延伸系数为1.26，直径变为3.8mm；第三道次的延伸系数为1.27，得到直径为3mm的高温合金棒丝材；最后进行延伸系数≤1.4的冷拉拔，最终获得直径不超过3mm的成品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在每次冷拉拔中间厚都要进行退火处理，使得消除冷变形后的加工硬化现象。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，在最后得到高温合金棒丝材后，进行时效处理，提高棒丝材的强度和硬度。
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| JPS6462431A (en) * | 1987-08-31 | 1989-03-08 | Fujio Miura | Superelastic alloy material |
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