CN112725613A - Non-single incident angle unequal intensity laser shock processing method - Google Patents
Non-single incident angle unequal intensity laser shock processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725613A CN112725613A CN202011548763.1A CN202011548763A CN112725613A CN 112725613 A CN112725613 A CN 112725613A CN 202011548763 A CN202011548763 A CN 202011548763A CN 112725613 A CN112725613 A CN 112725613A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
Abstract
The invention discloses a non-single incident angle unequal strength laser shock processing method, which belongs to the technical field of laser shock, realizes regional unequal strength strengthening treatment of metal parts with complex structures, effectively reduces the processing cost, improves the strengthening efficiency, and realizes variable cross-section consistent distribution of residual compressive stress in members, and comprises the following steps: according to the thickness, dividing the member to be processed into a region with the thickness more than or equal to a set value and a region with the thickness less than the set value; determining laser processing parameters of each region according to the target processing effect of each region; the unequal strength processing of different processing areas of the member to be processed is realized by adjusting the spatial position of the member to be processed and the laser incidence direction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laser shock, and particularly relates to a non-single incident angle unequal-intensity laser shock processing method.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The laser impact technology is particularly suitable for strengthening the positions of small holes, chamfers, welding lines, grooves and the like. Parts with complex profile structures often have different shape characteristics or failure modes in different areas, so that different areas are required to correspond to different laser shock processing strengths, and the overall comprehensive performance of the material is improved. Taking an aircraft engine blade as an example, different areas of the blade body of the aircraft engine blade have different thickness distributions, and the aircraft engine blade is a typical variable-section-thickness curved surface component. When the laser impact treatment is carried out on members such as an aircraft engine blade and the like, the middle area and the edge area of the blade body are required to receive laser impact pressure with different intensities, otherwise, the uneven performance distribution of the whole blade and the macroscopic deformation of the edge part are easily caused.
The inventors have found that, when a conventional laser shock peening process is performed on a part having a complicated shape by regions with unequal intensities as shown in fig. 3, different processing intensities in different regions are generally achieved by adjusting laser pulse parameters. The laser pulse beam 4 vertically irradiates the component 3 to be processed, and the inventor thinks that the adjustment of laser pulse parameters has higher requirements on the performance of laser impact equipment, and the programming setting procedures of different pulse parameters in different areas are complex, thereby seriously influencing the practicability and the operating efficiency of the unequal-strength laser impact strengthening processing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the strong requirement of the complex structure part on the unequal strength laser shock strengthening processing and the feasibility of the prior unequal strength strengthening processing technology, the invention provides an unequal strength laser shock strengthening method based on variable irradiation area and non-fixed angle incidence, which realizes the regional unequal strength strengthening processing of the complex structure metal part, effectively reduces the processing cost, improves the strengthening efficiency and realizes the uniform distribution of the variable cross section of the residual compressive stress in the component.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the technical scheme of the invention provides a non-single incident angle unequal intensity laser shock processing method, which comprises the following steps:
according to the thickness, dividing the member to be processed into a region with the thickness more than or equal to a set value and a region with the thickness less than the set value;
determining laser processing parameters of each region according to the target processing effect of each region;
the unequal strength processing of different processing areas of the member to be processed is realized by adjusting the spatial position of the member to be processed and the laser incidence direction.
The physical basis of the method is the weakening influence of the oblique incidence laser beam relative to the vertical incidence laser beam on the actual action intensity of the pulse laser shock wave in the laser shock treatment process. The laser incidence angle determines the irradiation area of the pulse laser on the surface of the target material, the change of the irradiation area directly causes the change of the actual laser power density received by the surface of the target material, and the laser power density determines the action pressure of the pulse laser. Therefore, laser shock treatments at different incident angles can result in different laser shock peening effects. The higher the oblique incidence angle of the laser, the larger the irradiation area of the pulse laser on the surface to be processed, and the smaller the actual laser power density obtained by the component to be processed, which finally results in relatively reduced laser impact processing strength.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the method of the invention provides variable incidence angle processing aiming at unequal intensity pulse laser impact of a member to be processed based on different pulse laser surface processing effects caused by different laser incidence angles, and sets different laser impact processing intensities aiming at different thickness parts when processing complicated members with variable cross-section thickness shape characteristics, such as aero-engine blades, and the like, thereby realizing the uniform and coordinated surface processing effect.
2) In the invention, the linear interpolation method is used for judging the inclination angle of the laser in the processing process, the processing intensity of the component to be processed by the laser incidence inclination angle is fully considered, and the operation is convenient.
3) According to the invention, the regional unequal strength strengthening treatment of the metal parts with complex structures can be realized, the processing cost is effectively reduced, the strengthening efficiency is improved, and the uniform distribution of variable cross sections of residual compressive stress in the members is realized.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Figure 1 is a cross-sectional profile of a representative component of the present invention having different regions with different thickness profiles according to one or more embodiments,
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a shape feature of an aircraft engine blade component according to one or more embodiments of the present invention,
figure 3 is a schematic representation of a prior art laser shock processing of a variable cross-sectional thickness component,
figure 4 is a schematic illustration of a spot of an unequal intensity laser shock processing method of varying oblique incidence angles according to one or more embodiments of the invention,
figure 5 is a schematic illustration of a variable intensity laser shock processing method of varying oblique incidence angles according to one or more embodiments of the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the surface enhancement effect of pulsed laser light using varying oblique incidence angle laser beams for different cross-sectional thickness regions in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present invention,
FIG. 7 shows the surface enhancement effect of a pulsed laser with a normal incidence laser beam for different cross-sectional thickness areas in the prior art.
In the figure: 1. the method comprises the following steps of (1) blade edge part, 2 blade middle part, 3 component with variable cross section characteristics, 4 pulse laser beam, 7 thin-wall part oblique incidence laser irradiation region, 8 relatively thick cross section part oblique incidence laser irradiation region, 9 thin-wall part residual stress field distribution and generated macroscopic deformation, 10 thick-wall part residual stress field distribution, 11 thin-wall part residual stress field distribution; 12. the residual stress field distribution of the thick-walled region.
The spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
Aiming at the strong requirement of the complex structure part on the unequal strength laser shock strengthening processing and the feasibility of the prior unequal strength strengthening processing technology, the invention provides an unequal strength laser shock strengthening method based on variable irradiation area and non-fixed angle incidence, which realizes the regional unequal strength strengthening processing of the complex structure metal part, effectively reduces the processing cost, improves the strengthening efficiency and realizes the uniform distribution of the variable cross section of the residual compressive stress in the component.
Example 1
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment discloses a method for laser shock processing with unequal intensities of non-single incident angles, which includes the following steps:
according to the thickness, dividing the member to be processed into a region with the thickness more than or equal to a set value and a region with the thickness less than the set value;
determining laser processing parameters of each region according to the target processing effect of each region;
the unequal strength processing of different processing areas of the member to be processed is realized by adjusting the spatial position of the member to be processed and the laser incidence direction.
Specifically, in this embodiment, the method can be divided into the following specific steps:
(1) and determining the insensitive area of the component to be processed to the laser impact.
The insensitive region of laser impact in the step refers to: the region has no penetration phenomenon of laser shock waves in the laser shock process, and the region has a relatively consistent distribution state of the residual compressive stress field after laser shock treatment.
Therefore, the method of the embodiment defaults that the regions of the to-be-processed member with the thickness of more than 3mm are all insensitive regions of laser impact, and can also be named as regions with the thickness of more than a set value or thick-wall regions, and correspondingly, regions with the thickness of less than the set value exist on the to-be-processed member, and can also be named as thin-wall regions. It should be noted, however, that in order to more accurately represent the extent of the region, the skilled person can accurately quantify the specific thickness of the laser shock insensitive region by comparing the laser shock effects of different thicknesses of the material to be processed.
As shown in fig. 1 and 5, the edge portion 1 of the blade is a sensitive region, and the middle portion 2 of the blade is an insensitive region.
(2) The target strengthening effect of the laser impact insensitive area and the pulse parameters of the pulsed laser needed to achieve this effect are determined.
The step requires determining a strengthening target of a laser shock insensitive area of the variable cross-section thickness component, and determining a required laser shock treatment process according to the strengthening target to obtain pulse laser parameters required for realizing the strengthening target. The required pulse laser parameters refer to laser energy, pulse width, and the like of the vertically incident pulse laser that can achieve the reinforcement target.
(3) Determining the part with the minimum thickness (thickness X) of the component to be processed with the variable cross sectionmin) And the oblique incidence angle α of the pulsed laser light required to achieve the effect.
This step requires the determination of the targeted reinforcement effect of the thinnest area of the variable cross-section thickness member. The thinnest area of the variable cross-section thickness component is generally located at the edge of the component, and in order to keep the shape and size of the edge thin wall and mechanical property coordinated, the area generally has a smaller target strengthening effect relative to the laser impact insensitive area.
It should be noted that the target strengthening effect mainly refers to the residual stress field strength, etc., including the surface residual stress magnitude, the residual stress distribution depth, etc.
This step also requires determining the required oblique angle of incidence of the pulsed laser to achieve the target enhancement effect. Because the target strengthening effect of the edge thin-wall region of the member to be processed with the variable cross section is lower than that of the insensitive region, the edge thin-wall region weakens the actual laser impact strength borne by the edge thin-wall region in a variable irradiation area mode by adopting oblique incidence laser beams.
It should be noted that the method of the present embodiment defaults to the case where the laser vertical incidence condition is 0 °.
(4) And determining the overlapping ratio of light spots impacted by the laser and calculating the laser incidence angle required by any position of the member to be processed with the variable cross section.
And determining the oblique incidence angle of each position in the area with the thickness smaller than the set value in the defined domain by using a linear interpolation method by taking the oblique incidence angle alpha of the laser in the area with the minimum thickness and the incident angle gamma of the laser in the area with the maximum thickness as the defined domain.
The difference between the maximum thickness value of the member to be machined and the minimum thickness value of the member to be machined is p, the difference between the maximum thickness value of the member to be machined and the thickness of any position M of the member to be machined is q, the ratio of p to q is M, the ratio of the oblique incidence angle alpha of the pulse laser in the region with the minimum thickness to the oblique incidence angle beta of the laser at any position M of the member to be machined is n, and then M is equal to n.
Namely: this step requires that the specific thickness of the laser shock insensitive region has been determined to be 3mm, or that the skilled person has determined by experimental means that the specific thickness of the laser shock insensitive region of the component to be machined is Xmaxmm。
The specific thickness of the laser shock insensitive area of the component to be processed is determined as Xmaxmm, the oblique incidence angle beta of the laser at any position with the thickness A of the member to be processed with the variable cross section is as follows:
[α/(Xmax-Xmin)]·(X_max-A)。
(5) and performing laser shock treatment on the variable cross-section thickness component needing unequal-strength laser shock treatment by adopting the determined laser oblique incidence angle and the determined spot lap joint rate.
The clamping of the member to be processed and the coating of the absorbing layer and the constraining layer materials are already completed by default before the step is carried out. As shown in fig. 4, the laser shock processing is performed by using the pulse laser beam 4 with different oblique incidence angles at different thickness portions of the member to be processed. In the pulse laser impact process of different oblique incidence angles, different thickness parts of the component to be processed have variable laser irradiation areas.
After the step is finished, the component to be processed with the variable cross section realizes the unequal-strength laser shock treatment of the parts with different cross section thicknesses.
Taking the processing of the variable cross-section thickness component shown in fig. 6 as an example, the component is an aircraft engine blade and is a complex component with the characteristics of variable cross-section thickness and shape, in order to maintain uniform and coordinated laser impact surface processing effect, different laser impact processing intensities are required to be set for different thickness parts, namely, unequal-intensity laser impact surface processing of 'shape-property' cooperative regulation is realized, and the processing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) based on actual processing experience, the regions of the to-be-processed member with the thickness larger than 3mm are determined to be insensitive regions of laser impact thickness, and when the thickness of the to-be-processed material is considered to be more than 3mm, the penetrating phenomenon of pulse laser shock waves can not occur, and meanwhile, the whole deformation of the to-be-processed material can not be caused.
(2) According to a processing target of a region of the cross section thickness of a component to be processed larger than 3mm and needing to introduce 0.6mm residual stress depth distribution, determining parameters of a vertical incidence laser beam selected by a pulse laser strengthening process as follows: laser energy 4J, pulse width 18ns, beam diameter 1.2 mm.
(3) According to a processing target of 0.2mm residual stress depth distribution required to be introduced in an area with the section thickness of a member to be processed being about 1mm, through a contrast test of multiple groups of variable incidence angles, determining that laser beam parameters selected by a pulse laser strengthening process are as follows: when the laser beam has a laser energy of 4J, a pulse width of 18ns, and a beam diameter of 1.2mm, the oblique incidence angle of the laser beam needs to be set to 60 ° (with respect to the oblique incidence angle of 0 ° in the case of the perpendicular incidence of the laser beam).
(4) As shown in fig. 4 and fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the oblique incidence angle of the pulse laser beam 4 at the specific cross-sectional thickness portion is determined by a linear interpolation relationship, for example, when the edge cross-sectional thickness is 1mm and the oblique incidence angle of the corresponding pulse laser is 60 °, the middle cross-sectional thickness is 3mm and the oblique incidence angle of the corresponding pulse laser is 0 °, the portion with the cross-sectional thickness of 2mm in the two position intervals may be determined to have an oblique incidence angle of the corresponding pulse laser of about 30 °. Referring to fig. 4, due to the difference of the incident angles, the light spots of the pulsed laser beam 4 irradiated on the surface of the member to be processed are formed into different shapes, wherein the light spot of the irradiation region 7 of the oblique incident laser beam at the thin-wall part is larger than the irradiation region 8 of the oblique incident laser beam at the relatively thick-section part.
(5) And determining that the overlapping rate of the light spots when the laser is obliquely incident is 60%, and defining the ratio of the length of the connecting line of the intersection points of the adjacent ellipses to the minor axis of the ellipse as the overlapping rate of the light spots in the laser beam oblique incident irradiation area. And performing laser shock treatment on the variable cross-section thickness component needing unequal-strength laser shock treatment by adopting the determined corresponding laser oblique incidence angles of different parts. At this point, the unequal-intensity laser impact surface treatment of the variable cross-section feature component to be processed based on the non-single incident angle of the variable irradiation area is completed, and the residual stress distribution features of which the shape and the size are matched with the mechanical property are obtained in the areas with different cross-section thicknesses as shown in fig. 6.
More specifically, referring to fig. 6, the residual stress field distribution of the thin-wall region at 11 and the residual stress field distribution of the thick-wall region at 12 are not deformed.
In addition, if the laser incidence angle is uniformly set to be vertical to the surface of the target material in the process of processing the variable-section-thickness member by adopting the laser shock with the non-fixed laser incidence angle, the member to be processed is easy to form the surface processing effect as shown in fig. 7, wherein the residual stress field distribution of the thin-wall region and the generated macroscopic deformation are shown at 9, and the residual stress field distribution of the thick-wall region is shown at 10, which reflects that the edge thin-wall part of the member to be processed bears the same laser shock pressure as the thicker section region, so that the macroscopic deformation of the thin-wall part is caused, and the dimensional control of the member to be processed is influenced.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A non-single incident angle unequal intensity laser shock processing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the thickness, dividing the member to be processed into a region with the thickness more than or equal to a set value and a region with the thickness less than the set value;
determining laser processing parameters of each region according to the target processing effect of each region;
the unequal strength processing of different processing areas of the member to be processed is realized by adjusting the spatial position of the member to be processed and the laser incidence direction.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the laser processing parameters for each region are determined by setting a target enhancement effect of the laser shock insensitive region and pulse parameters of the pulsed laser required for achieving the effect for the region having a thickness equal to or greater than a set value.
3. The non-single incident angle unequal intensity laser shock processing method according to claim 1, wherein in determining the laser processing parameters for each region, for the region with the smallest thickness, the target reinforcement effect of the region with the smallest thickness of the member to be processed having a variable cross section is determined, and the required oblique incident angle α of the pulsed laser is determined according to the target reinforcement effect.
4. The non-single incident angle unequal intensity laser shock processing method according to claim 3, wherein the oblique incident angle at each position of the member to be processed is determined in the defined domain using a linear interpolation method with the oblique incident angle α of the laser in the region of minimum thickness and the incident angle γ of the laser in the region of maximum thickness as the defined domain.
5. The method of laser shock processing with unequal intensity of non-single incident angles as claimed in claim 3 or 4, wherein the difference between the maximum thickness of the member to be processed and the minimum thickness of the member to be processed is p, the difference between the maximum thickness of the member to be processed and the thickness of the member to be processed at any position M is q, the ratio of p to q is M, the ratio of the oblique incident angle α of the pulsed laser in the region with the minimum thickness to the oblique incident angle β of the laser at any position M of the member to be processed is n, and M is equal to n.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein when determining the laser processing parameters of each region, determining the overlapping ratio of the laser beam spot and calculating the laser incident angle required for any position of the member to be processed.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the target enhancement effect comprises a surface residual stress level and a residual stress distribution depth.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser processing parameters include laser energy, pulse width, and beam diameter.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the predetermined value is 3 mm.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the overlap ratio of adjacent spots is 60% when the incident direction of the laser beam is adjusted.
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| CN113604653A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-05 | 山东大学 | Variable-defocusing-amount-based unequal-strength laser shock processing method |
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