CN112724657A - Structurally optimized compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Structurally optimized compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112724657A CN112724657A CN202011602573.3A CN202011602573A CN112724657A CN 112724657 A CN112724657 A CN 112724657A CN 202011602573 A CN202011602573 A CN 202011602573A CN 112724657 A CN112724657 A CN 112724657A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L75/00—Compositions of polyureas or polyurethanes; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L75/04—Polyurethanes
- C08L75/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B33/00—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors
- B60B33/04—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors adjustable, e.g. in height; linearly shifting castors
- B60B33/045—Castors in general; Anti-clogging castors adjustable, e.g. in height; linearly shifting castors mounted resiliently, by means of dampers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
- C08G77/458—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing polyurethane sequences
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a structurally optimized compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of mobile devices. The percentage content of the components contained in the polyurethane is 10-20% of low molecular weight polyether respectively; 20-30% of toluene diisocyanate; 10-20% of trimethylolpropane; 3-6% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 5-6% of phosphoric acid; 1-3% of tertiary amine catalyst; 1-3% of organic acid; 1-2% of isocyanate; 1-2% of active hydrogen and 3-5% of organic silicon, the structurally optimized compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster comprises a wheel main body and a connecting damping device, one side surfaces of two first push plates are connected with the outer surface of a universal shaft, one side surfaces of two second push plates are connected with the outer surface of a fixed column, the polyurethane caster has the advantages of wide hardness range, high strength and strong plasticity, and when the polyurethane caster is applied to the caster, the caster has better wear resistance and strength, the service life of the caster is greatly prolonged, the caster which is suitable for different conditions can be produced through adjustment of different formulas, the requirements of different users are met, and the polyurethane caster is worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mobile devices, and particularly relates to a compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster with an optimized structure and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The caster is also called a universal wheel, is a wheel which can freely rotate in the horizontal direction, is widely applied to various industries and fields, is also applied to a plurality of daily necessities, facilitates the free movement of articles and is convenient for adjusting the direction.
The existing universal wheel is usually made of rubber, does not have the functions of compression resistance and wear resistance, is poor in damping effect, is unsafe to use and simple in structure if the bearing weight is large, and the condition of wheel axle breakage can occur, so that the structure-optimized compression resistance and wear resistance polyurethane caster wheel and the preparation method thereof are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster with an optimized structure and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problems that the existing shock absorption effect is poor, the existing caster cannot bear heavy weight, the use safety is poor, and the existing caster is simple in structure.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a preparation method of polyurethane, wherein the percentage content of the components in the polyurethane is respectively 10-20% of low molecular weight polyether; 20-30% of toluene diisocyanate; 10-20% of trimethylolpropane; 3-6% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 5-6% of phosphoric acid; 1-3% of tertiary amine catalyst; 1-3% of organic acid; 1-2% of isocyanate; 1-2% of active hydrogen and 3-5% of organic silicon.
Preferably, the polyurethane contains 15% of the low molecular weight polyether; 20% of toluene diisocyanate; 15% of trimethylolpropane; 20% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 20% of phosphoric acid; 2% of tertiary amine catalyst; 2% of organic acid; 1.5 percent of isocyanate; 1.5 percent of active hydrogen and 3 percent of organic silicon.
Preferably, the low molecular weight polyether and the toluene diisocyanate are prepared by the following steps: pouring low molecular weight polyether into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, dehydrating in vacuum for 4h, slowly pouring toluene diisocyanate according to the proportion of 1.5:2, carrying out exothermic reaction on the solution in the adding process, respectively standing at 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ for 20min, continuously pouring toluene diisocyanate after the reaction is stable, and finally reacting at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain the polyurethane prepolymer.
Preferably, the preparation method of the trimethylolpropane comprises the following steps: taking the solution after the low molecular weight polyether and the toluene diisocyanate are prepared, adding prepared trimethylolpropane which is used as a chain extender into the solution, fully placing the solution at the temperature of 80 ℃ to enable the solution to have a curing reaction, and placing the solution at room temperature for 7 days.
Preferably, the preparation method of the dimethylformamide solvent, the phosphoric acid and the tertiary amine catalyst comprises the following steps: putting a dimethylformamide solvent into a reaction kettle, controlling the acid environment in the kettle to be 0.1-0.3, slowly adding phosphoric acid with the same amount as the dimethylformamide solvent to react, keeping the weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the dimethylformamide solvent to be one tenth of that of the prepared polyester polyol, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 80 ℃ for 2-4 h until the dimethylformamide solvent and the phosphoric acid do not generate a gel phenomenon, ensuring the system viscosity of a reactant to reach 2000 units, adjusting the reaction time according to the amount of the added phosphoric acid, and adding 60min for each 1% of phosphoric acid;
standing the reacted solution for more than 5h, slowly adding a tertiary amine catalyst, and reacting for 2-4 h at a constant temperature of 80 ℃.
Preferably, the preparation method of the organic acid, the isocyanate, the active hydrogen and the organosilicon comprises the following steps: taking organic acid, isocyanate, active hydrogen and organic silicon, preparing the organic acid, the isocyanate, the active hydrogen and the organic silicon according to the ratio of 2:1.5:1.5:3, taking one three-mouth beaker, pouring the organic acid and the isocyanate, fully stirring, standing, adding quantitative active hydrogen for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be more than 2 hours;
when the heat of the mixed solution is not released any more, slowly adding organic silicon, stirring to fully react, controlling the reaction temperature to be 70-80 ℃ until the heat of the mixed solution is not released any more, and pouring the mixed solution into a beaker, and standing for 7 days at room temperature.
The utility model provides a wear-resisting polyurethane truckle of configuration optimization resistance to compression, includes wheel main part and connects damping device, the wheel main part includes fixed column and cardan shaft, it includes first push pedal and second push pedal, two to connect damping device first push pedal side surface all with cardan shaft surface connection, two second push pedal side surface all with fixed column surface connection.
Preferably, the wheel main part still includes wheel, axis of rotation and connecting plate, two the wheel all with axis of rotation normal running fit, fixed column one end and axis of rotation surface weld, connecting plate lower surface and cardan shaft upper surface connection, the wheel uses polyurethane to make, has wear-resisting, withstand voltage and characteristics such as intensity height.
Preferably, connect damping device still includes splint, connecting bolt, anchorage bar and bumper shock absorber, and is a plurality of connect, a plurality of through connecting bolt between the splint a side surface all is equipped with the screw hole, and is a plurality of the anchorage bar is connected with a plurality of screw holes respectively, and is a plurality of anchorage bar one end is connected with two first push pedal opposite side surfaces and two second push pedal opposite side surfaces respectively, and is a plurality of the splint upper surface all is equipped with a plurality of through-holes, and is a plurality of the bumper shock absorber is connected with a plurality of through-holes respectively, and wherein, the bumper shock absorber has six, and fixed through four splint, and when taking place vibrations, six bumper shock absorbers can effectually share the influence that vibrations caused, make the shock attenuation effect better, connect the fixed column and the universal shaft of damping device connection.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the polyurethane prepared by the invention has wide hardness range, high strength and strong plasticity, and when the polyurethane is applied to the caster, the caster has better wear resistance and strength, the service life of the caster is greatly prolonged, the caster suitable for different conditions can be produced by adjusting different formulas, the requirements of different users are met, and the polyurethane is worthy of popularization.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a structurally optimized compression-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a structurally optimized compression-resistant and wear-resistant polyurethane caster wheel connection damping device according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is an enlarged view of the invention at a in fig. 2.
In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:
100. a wheel main body; 110. a wheel; 120. a rotating shaft; 130. fixing a column; 140. a cardan shaft; 150. a connecting plate; 200. connecting a damping device; 210. a splint; 220. a connecting bolt; 230. a fastening rod; 240. a first push plate; 250. a second push plate; 260. a shock absorber.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "outer", "inner", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships, are used for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referenced components or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention relates to a preparation method of polyurethane, wherein the percentage content of the components in the polyurethane is respectively 10-20% of low molecular weight polyether; 20-30% of toluene diisocyanate; 10-20% of trimethylolpropane; 3-6% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 5-6% of phosphoric acid; 1-3% of tertiary amine catalyst; 1-3% of organic acid; 1-2% of isocyanate; 1-2% of active hydrogen and 3-5% of organic silicon.
Further, the percentage content of the components contained in the polyurethane is respectively 15 percent of low molecular weight polyether; 20% of toluene diisocyanate; 15% of trimethylolpropane; 20% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 20% of phosphoric acid; 2% of tertiary amine catalyst; 2% of organic acid; 1.5 percent of isocyanate; 1.5 percent of active hydrogen and 3 percent of organic silicon.
Further, the preparation method of the low molecular weight polyether and the toluene diisocyanate comprises the following steps: pouring low molecular weight polyether into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, dehydrating in vacuum for 4h, slowly pouring toluene diisocyanate according to the proportion of 1.5:2, carrying out exothermic reaction on the solution in the adding process, respectively standing at 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ for 20min, continuously pouring toluene diisocyanate after the reaction is stable, and finally reacting at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain the polyurethane prepolymer.
Further, the preparation method of the trimethylolpropane comprises the following steps: taking the solution after the low molecular weight polyether and the toluene diisocyanate are prepared, adding prepared trimethylolpropane which is used as a chain extender into the solution, fully placing the solution at the temperature of 80 ℃ to enable the solution to have a curing reaction, and placing the solution at room temperature for 7 days.
Further, the preparation method of the dimethylformamide solvent, the phosphoric acid and the tertiary amine catalyst comprises the following steps: putting a dimethylformamide solvent into a reaction kettle, controlling the acid environment in the kettle to be 0.1-0.3, slowly adding phosphoric acid with the same amount as the dimethylformamide solvent to react, keeping the weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the dimethylformamide solvent to be one tenth of that of the prepared polyester polyol, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 80 ℃ for 2-4 h until the dimethylformamide solvent and the phosphoric acid do not generate a gel phenomenon, ensuring the system viscosity of a reactant to reach 2000 units, adjusting the reaction time according to the amount of the added phosphoric acid, and adding 60min for each 1% of phosphoric acid;
standing the reacted solution for more than 5h, slowly adding a tertiary amine catalyst, and reacting for 2-4 h at a constant temperature of 80 ℃.
Further, the preparation method of the organic acid, the isocyanate, the active hydrogen and the organic silicon comprises the following steps: taking organic acid, isocyanate, active hydrogen and organic silicon, preparing the organic acid, the isocyanate, the active hydrogen and the organic silicon according to the ratio of 2:1.5:1.5:3, taking one three-mouth beaker, pouring the organic acid and the isocyanate, fully stirring, standing, adding quantitative active hydrogen for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be more than 2 hours;
when the heat of the mixed solution is not released any more, slowly adding organic silicon, stirring to fully react, controlling the reaction temperature to be 70-80 ℃ until the heat of the mixed solution is not released any more, and pouring the mixed solution into a beaker, and standing for 7 days at room temperature.
Example two:
referring to fig. 1-3, a structurally optimized compression-resistant and wear-resistant polyurethane caster comprises a wheel body 100 and a connecting and damping device 200, wherein the wheel body 100 comprises a fixed column 130 and a universal shaft 140, the connecting and damping device 200 comprises a first push plate 240 and a second push plate 250, one side surfaces of the two first push plates 240 are connected with the outer surface of the universal shaft 140, and one side surfaces of the two second push plates 240 are connected with the outer surface of the fixed column 130.
Further, the wheel main body 100 further includes wheels 110, a rotating shaft 120 and a connecting plate 150, the two wheels 110 are rotatably fitted with the rotating shaft 120, one end of the fixing column 130 is welded to the outer surface of the rotating shaft 120, the lower surface of the connecting plate 150 is connected to the upper surface of the universal shaft 140, and the wheels 110 are made of polyurethane and have the characteristics of wear resistance, pressure resistance, high strength and the like.
Further, connect damping device 200 and still include splint 210, connecting bolt 220, anchorage bar 230 and bumper shock absorber 260, connect through connecting bolt 220 between a plurality of splint 210, a plurality of splint 210 side surface all is equipped with the screw hole, a plurality of anchorage bar 230 is connected with a plurality of screw holes respectively, a plurality of anchorage bar 230 one end respectively with two first push pedal 240 opposite side surfaces and two second push pedal 250 opposite side surface connections, a plurality of splint 210 upper surfaces all are equipped with a plurality of through-holes, a plurality of bumper shock absorbers 260 are connected with a plurality of through-holes respectively, wherein, bumper shock absorber 260 has six, and it is fixed through four splint 210, when taking place vibrations, six bumper shock absorbers 260 can effectually share the influence that vibrations caused, make the shock attenuation effect better, connect fixed column 130 and cardan shaft 140 of damping device 200 connection wheel main part 100.
Example three:
aiming at the wear-resistant effect and the compression-resistant effect of the polyurethane, the polyurethane is selected, and preferably, the percentage contents of the components are respectively 15% of low molecular weight polyether; 20% of toluene diisocyanate; 15% of trimethylolpropane; 20% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 20% of phosphoric acid; 2% of tertiary amine catalyst; 2% of organic acid; 1.5 percent of isocyanate; 1.5 percent of active hydrogen and 3 percent of organic silicon, the caster made of the polyurethane has better wear resistance and pressure resistance and stronger bearing capacity than the common rubber caster, meanwhile, the shock absorption device 200 connected in the structurally optimized pressure-resistant wear-resistant polyurethane caster changes the original shock absorption structure, the clamping plate 210 is used for connecting all parts of the wheel main body 100, the fastening rod 230 is used for fastening the clamping part, so that all parts are connected more stably, the pressure-resistant effect is better, the shock is distributed on the six shock absorbers 260, the shock absorption effect is better, the influence caused by the shock is less, the stability is stronger when the caster moves, and the load is larger.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of polyurethane is characterized in that: the polyurethane contains 10-20% of low molecular weight polyether; 20-30% of toluene diisocyanate; 10-20% of trimethylolpropane; 3-6% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 5-6% of phosphoric acid; 1-3% of tertiary amine catalyst; 1-3% of organic acid; 1-2% of isocyanate; 1-2% of active hydrogen and 3-5% of organic silicon.
2. A method of producing polyurethane according to claim 1, characterized in that: the percentage content of the components contained in the polyurethane is respectively 15 percent of low molecular weight polyether; 20% of toluene diisocyanate; 15% of trimethylolpropane; 20% of a dimethylformamide solvent; 20% of phosphoric acid; 2% of tertiary amine catalyst; 2% of organic acid; 1.5 percent of isocyanate; 1.5 percent of active hydrogen and 3 percent of organic silicon.
3. A method of producing polyurethane according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the preparation method of the low molecular weight polyether and the toluene diisocyanate comprises the following steps: pouring low molecular weight polyether into a three-neck flask, uniformly stirring, dehydrating in vacuum for 4h, slowly pouring toluene diisocyanate according to the proportion of 1.5:2, carrying out exothermic reaction on the solution in the adding process, respectively standing at 60 ℃ and 70 ℃ for 20min, continuously pouring toluene diisocyanate after the reaction is stable, and finally reacting at 80 ℃ for 2h to obtain the polyurethane prepolymer.
4. A method of producing polyurethane according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the preparation method of the trimethylolpropane comprises the following steps: taking the solution after the low molecular weight polyether and the toluene diisocyanate are prepared, adding prepared trimethylolpropane which is used as a chain extender into the solution, fully placing the solution at the temperature of 80 ℃ to enable the solution to have a curing reaction, and placing the solution at room temperature for 7 days.
5. A method of producing polyurethane according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the preparation method of the dimethylformamide solvent, the phosphoric acid and the tertiary amine catalyst comprises the following steps: putting a dimethylformamide solvent into a reaction kettle, controlling the acid environment in the kettle to be 0.1-0.3, slowly adding phosphoric acid with the same amount as the dimethylformamide solvent to react, keeping the weight of diphenylmethane diisocyanate in the dimethylformamide solvent to be one tenth of that of the prepared polyester polyol, keeping the temperature of the reaction kettle at 80 ℃ for 2-4 h until the dimethylformamide solvent and the phosphoric acid do not generate a gel phenomenon, ensuring the system viscosity of a reactant to reach 2000 units, adjusting the reaction time according to the amount of the added phosphoric acid, and adding 60min for each 1% of phosphoric acid;
standing the reacted solution for more than 5h, slowly adding a tertiary amine catalyst, and reacting for 2-4 h at a constant temperature of 80 ℃.
6. A method of producing polyurethane according to claim 2, characterized in that:
the preparation method of the organic acid, the isocyanate, the active hydrogen and the organic silicon comprises the following steps: taking organic acid, isocyanate, active hydrogen and organic silicon, preparing the organic acid, the isocyanate, the active hydrogen and the organic silicon according to the ratio of 2:1.5:1.5:3, taking one three-mouth beaker, pouring the organic acid and the isocyanate, fully stirring, standing, adding quantitative active hydrogen for reaction, controlling the temperature to be 60 ℃, and controlling the reaction time to be more than 2 hours;
when the heat of the mixed solution is not released any more, slowly adding organic silicon, stirring to fully react, controlling the reaction temperature to be 70-80 ℃ until the heat of the mixed solution is not released any more, and pouring the mixed solution into a beaker, and standing for 7 days at room temperature.
7. A structurally optimized compression and wear resistant polyurethane caster according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a wheel body (100) and a connecting shock absorbing device (200), characterized in that: the wheel main body (100) comprises a fixed column (130) and a universal shaft (140), the connecting and damping device (200) comprises a first push plate (240) and a second push plate (250), one side surface of the two first push plates (240) is connected with the outer surface of the universal shaft (140), and one side surface of the two second push plates (240) is connected with the outer surface of the fixed column (130).
8. The mask according to claim 7, wherein the gauze mask comprises a formula of ramie fibers, and is characterized in that: the wheel main body (100) further comprises wheels (110), a rotating shaft (120) and a connecting plate (150), the wheels (110) are in rotating fit with the rotating shaft (120), one end of a fixing column (130) is welded to the outer surface of the rotating shaft (120), and the lower surface of the connecting plate (150) is connected with the upper surface of a universal shaft (140).
9. The mask according to claim 7, wherein the gauze mask comprises a formula of ramie fibers, and is characterized in that: connect damping device (200) and still include splint (210), connecting bolt (220), anchorage bar (230) and bumper shock absorber (260), and is a plurality of connect through connecting bolt (220) between splint (210), it is a plurality of splint (210) side surface all is equipped with the screw hole, and is a plurality of anchorage bar (230) are connected with a plurality of screw holes respectively, and are a plurality of anchorage bar (230) one end respectively with two first push pedal (240) opposite side surface and two second push pedal (250) opposite side surface connection, a plurality of splint (210) upper surface all is equipped with a plurality of through-holes, and is a plurality of bumper shock absorber (260) are connected with a plurality of through-holes respectively.
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