CN112721569A - Braking energy catcher for improving heating of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and heating method thereof - Google Patents
Braking energy catcher for improving heating of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and heating method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
- B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
- B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00271—HVAC devices specially adapted for particular vehicle parts or components and being connected to the vehicle HVAC unit
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/00421—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning
- B60H1/00428—Driving arrangements for parts of a vehicle air-conditioning electric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
- B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
- B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
- B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/88—Optimized components or subsystems, e.g. lighting, actively controlled glasses
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
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- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile and a heating method thereof, wherein the braking energy catcher comprises an energy catching controller, a heating driver and a heating chamber, and the heating chamber is connected with a circulating water pump, a defroster, a driver foot air heater and a passenger cabin air heater in series on a warm air heating pipeline to form a defrosting and heating system of a whole automobile; the energy capture controller is connected with the control units of all the systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses; the heating driver is connected to a high-voltage direct-current bus of the whole vehicle through a high-voltage direct-current bus, and the circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline is heated by using the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus; under the control of the energy capture controller, the energy capture controller uses surplus brake feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus and heats circulating water in a warm air heat supply pipeline through a heating chamber to provide a heat source for temperature control of each part of the whole vehicle in the braking process of the whole vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen fuel cell automobile air conditioning heating and ventilation, and particularly relates to a braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile and a heating method thereof.
Background
The hydrogen fuel cell automobile is regarded as one of indispensable new energy automobile power source development directions except for the lithium ion power battery due to the advantages of zero emission, high energy conversion efficiency, wide energy source, high hydrogenation speed, good low-temperature adaptability and the like, and in recent years, the hydrogen fuel cell automobile is increasingly emphasized at home and abroad, and China especially takes the development of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile as an important field for the demonstration application and popularization of the new energy automobile. Particularly, in winter in northern alpine regions, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have better environmental adaptability than pure electric vehicles provided with lithium ion power batteries, from 2018, hundreds of hydrogen fuel cell buses and commercial vehicles are put into large-scale commercial demonstration operation in Beijing jin Ji regions, and the power systems of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicles adopt a hydrogen-electricity hybrid scheme of 'fuel cells + lithium ion power batteries'.
At present, on a fuel cell automobile running in a northern alpine region, the heating of a passenger compartment mainly adopts an electric heating mode in winter, required electric energy is provided by the power generation of a fuel cell system, the power generation power of the fuel cell system configured in the whole automobile is increased, the hydrogen consumption and the cost are increased, and when the performance of the fuel cell is attenuated along with long running time, the power performance of the whole automobile is reduced and the SOC of a lithium ion power battery is too low by starting warm air, sometimes in order to ensure the performance of the automobile, a driver is forced to close the warm air, and therefore the experience that a passenger takes the fuel cell bus in winter is poor.
In summary, how to significantly improve the heating effect of the passenger compartment without increasing the power and hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell system is a problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome a series of defects in the prior art, the present invention provides a braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile, which is characterized in that the braking energy catcher 13 comprises an energy catching controller 21, a heating driver 23 and a heating chamber 22, wherein,
the heating chamber 22, the circulating water pump 11, the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot air heater 15 and the passenger compartment air heater 16 are connected in series on a warm air heating pipeline 17 to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole vehicle;
the energy capture controller 21 is connected with control units of all systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses 29;
the heating driver 23 is connected to a high-voltage direct-current bus 4 of the whole vehicle through a high-voltage direct-current bus 12, and the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 is used for heating circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline 17;
under the control of the energy capture controller 21, in the braking process of the whole vehicle, the machine selection controller 21 utilizes the surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 and heats the circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline 17 through the heating chamber 22, and the hot water flows through the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot air heater 15 and the passenger cabin air heater 16 in sequence through the warm air heat supply pipeline 17 under the pushing of the circulating water pump 11 to provide heat sources for the temperature control of each part of the whole vehicle.
Preferably, the energy capture controller 21 is in communication connection with the fuel cell control unit 24, the control unit 25 of the fuel cell DC-DC converter, the power battery management system 26, the accessory control unit 27, the motor controller 28, the air conditioning control unit 30 and the vehicle control unit 31 through a CAN bus or other communication bus 29, respectively, and the energy capture controller 21 receives analog signals of the windshield defroster switch 18, the air conditioner warm air switch 19 and the brake switch 20.
Preferably, the working modes of the braking energy catcher 13 include a direct heating mode and a catching heating mode, wherein the direct heating mode is the working mode when the windshield defroster switch 18 is turned on, and the direct heating mode directly obtains electric energy from the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 to heat circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17 so as to rapidly remove frost on a windshield glass by using hot air and enable the windshield view of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle to meet safe driving requirements as soon as possible;
the catching heating mode is that on the premise of ensuring that the power battery is not overcharged according to the running state of the whole vehicle, the surplus braking feedback energy is used for heating the circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline 17 by the opportunity selection, so that the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle is achieved.
It is also an object of the present invention to provide a method for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle using a braking energy trap, wherein,
the capture heating mode includes the steps of:
s1) the air-conditioning warm air switch 19 is turned on, and the brake switch 20 is turned on;
s2) the energy capture controller 21 obtains power control parameters through each control unit of the entire vehicle control system, including:
the required heating power P of the warm air obtained by the air conditioner control unit 3013_req，
Maximum allowable battery charging power P obtained by power battery management system 269max_chg，
Fuel cell idle power P acquired by the fuel cell control unit 241_idle，
High voltage accessory power P obtained by the high voltage accessory control unit 273，
Maximum allowable generated power P of the motor obtained by the motor controller 286reg_limit；
S3) the energy capture controller 21 analyzes the power state parameters provided by other control units of the whole vehicle to obtain the current capturable heating power P13_availAnd provides the current brake feedback power requirement P to the vehicle control unit 316_reg。
Preferably, the operating states of the braking energy capture device 13 include a no energy capture state, a full energy capture state and a partial energy capture state.
Preferably, the first and second liquid crystal materials are,
when P is present9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝0，
in the operating state, the braking energy catcher 13 does not work because the braking feedback power of the whole vehicle is smaller, and the braking energy catcher is in a non-energy catching state.
Preferably, when P is13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle
P13_avail＝P13_req，
in the operating state, because the braking feedback power of the whole vehicle is enough, the braking energy catcher 13 can work according to the required power of the air heater in a full energy catching state.
Preferably, when P is9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limitAnd P is13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝P6reg_limit-(P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle)，
in the running state, the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is more than P9max_chg+P3-P1_idleThe excess power can not completely meet the requirement of the required power of the warm air, so the braking energy catcher 13 can only meet the requirement of the required power P of the warm air13_reqIs operated in a partial energy capture state.
Preferably, the operating state of the braking energy catcher 13 is switched among the no energy catching state, the full energy catching state and the partial energy catching state as the maximum allowable braking feedback power of the motor of the fuel cell vehicle during braking changes.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) the invention can allow the driving motor to output larger generating power during braking feedback under certain conditions, and the electric energy which cannot be absorbed by the high-voltage accessory and the power battery system is used for heating the circulating water of the warm air system, thereby avoiding the direct consumption of the electric energy of the fuel battery or the power battery and achieving the effect of energy conservation;
2) when the invention is in the capture heating mode, because the vehicle is in the braking state, the driving motor works in the feedback power generation mode, the motor braking feedback power generation of the conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is usually determined according to the maximum allowable charging power of the power battery at the moment, but the braking energy capture device provided by the invention can request the vehicle control unit to send an instruction to the driving motor according to the running state of the vehicle, so that the driving motor can send out larger braking feedback power generation;
3) the invention not only solves the problem that the maximum allowable charging power of the lithium ion power battery is reduced due to low temperature of the hydrogen fuel battery automobile running in winter in north, thereby seriously influencing the braking energy recovery efficiency and causing the energy efficiency of the whole automobile to be reduced, but also solves the problem that the hydrogen consumption is increased due to the adoption of an electric heating mode for a passenger compartment;
4) the invention is particularly suitable for various hydrogen fuel cell vehicles running in northern cold regions; the method has important engineering application value for improving and enhancing the fuel economy and riding comfort of the hydrogen fuel cell automobile.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method of improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle using a braking energy capture device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the braking energy trap of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-a fuel cell system, 2-a fuel cell DC-DC converter, 3-a high-voltage accessory, 4-a high-voltage direct current bus, 5-a driving motor controller, 6-a driving motor, 7-a transmission system, 8-a driving wheel, 9-a power battery system, 11-a circulating water pump, 12-a high-voltage direct current bus, 13-a braking energy catcher, 14-a windshield defroster, 15-a driver foot heater, 16-a passenger compartment heater, 17-a warm air heating pipeline, 18-a windshield defroster switch, 19-an air conditioner warm air switch, 20-a braking switch, 21-an energy catching controller, 22-a heating chamber, 23-a heating driver, 24-a fuel cell control unit, and 25-a control unit of a fuel cell DC-DC converter, 26-power battery management system, 27-accessory control unit, 28-motor controller, 29-CAN bus or other communication bus, 30-air conditioner control unit, 31-vehicle controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the implementation objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiments and the directional terms described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and intended to be used in the explanation of the invention, and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The following describes a brake energy capture device for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and a control method thereof in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one broad embodiment of the present invention, shown in fig. 1-2, a braking energy capture for improved heating of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the braking energy capture 13 primarily includes an energy capture controller 21, a heater driver 23, and a heating chamber 22, wherein,
the heating chamber 22, the circulating water pump 11, the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot air heater 15 and the passenger compartment air heater 16 are connected in series on a warm air heating pipeline 17 to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole vehicle;
the energy capture controller 21 is connected with control units of all systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses 29;
the heating driver 23 is connected to a high-voltage direct-current bus 4 of the whole vehicle through a high-voltage direct-current bus 12, and the electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 is used for heating circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline 17;
under the control of the energy capture controller 21, in the braking process of the whole vehicle, the machine selection utilizes surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 and heats circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline 17 through the heating chamber 22, and hot water flows through the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot air heater 15 and the passenger cabin air heater 16 in sequence through the warm air heat supply pipeline 17 under the pushing of the circulating water pump 11 to provide heat sources for the temperature control of all parts of the whole vehicle.
Preferably, the energy capture controller 21 is in communication connection with the fuel cell control unit 24, the control unit 25 of the fuel cell DC-DC converter, the power battery management system 26, the accessory control unit 27, the motor controller 28, the air conditioning control unit 30 and the vehicle control unit 31 through a CAN bus or other communication bus 29, respectively, and the energy capture controller 21 receives analog signals of the windshield defroster switch 18, the air conditioner warm air switch 19 and the brake switch 20.
The invention also provides a method for improving the heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile by adopting the braking energy catcher,
the working modes of the braking energy catcher 13 comprise a direct heating mode and a catching heating mode, wherein the direct heating mode is the working mode when the windshield defroster switch 18 is turned on, and the direct heating mode directly obtains electric energy from the high-voltage direct-current bus 4 to heat circulating water in the warm air heating pipeline 17, so that frost on windshield glass is removed quickly by using hot air, and the windshield vision of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle meets the safe driving requirement as soon as possible.
Preferably, the capture heating mode is to heat the circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline 17 by using redundant braking feedback energy on the premise of ensuring that the power battery is not overcharged according to the running state of the whole vehicle, so that the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle is achieved.
Preferably, the capture heating mode includes the steps of:
s1) the air-conditioning warm air switch 19 is turned on, and the brake switch 20 is turned on;
s2) the energy capture controller 21 obtains power control parameters through each control unit of the entire vehicle control system, including:
the required heating power P of the warm air obtained by the air conditioner control unit 3013_req，
Maximum allowable battery charging power P obtained by power battery management system 269max_chg，
Fuel cell idle power P acquired by the fuel cell control unit 241_idle，
High voltage accessory power P obtained by the high voltage accessory control unit 273，
Maximum allowable generated power P of the motor obtained by the motor controller 286reg_limit；
S3) the energy capture controller 21 analyzes the power state parameters provided by other control units of the whole vehicle to obtain the current capturable heating power P13_availAnd provides the current brake feedback power requirement P to the vehicle control unit 316_reg。
Preferably, the operating state of the braking energy catcher 13 includes a non-energy catching state, a full energy catching state and a partial energy catching state.
Preferably, the operating state of the braking energy catcher 13 includes a non-energy catching state, a full energy catching state and a partial energy catching state.
When P is present9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝0，
in the operating state, the braking energy catcher 13 does not work because the braking feedback power of the whole vehicle is smaller, and the braking energy catcher is in a non-energy catching state.
Preferably, when P is13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle
P13_avail＝P13_req，
in the operating state, because the braking feedback power of the whole vehicle is enough, the braking energy catcher 13 can work according to the required power of the air heater in a full energy catching state.
Preferably, when P is9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limitAnd P is13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝P6reg_limit-(P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle)，
in the running state, the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is more than P9max_chg+P3-P1_idleThe excess power can not completely meet the requirement of the required power of the warm air, so the braking energy catcher 13 can only meet the requirement of the required power P of the warm air13_reqIs operated in a partial energy capture state.
Preferably, the operating state of the braking energy catcher 13 is switched among the no energy catching state, the full energy catching state and the partial energy catching state as the maximum allowable braking feedback power of the motor of the fuel cell vehicle during braking changes.
In order to further highlight the present invention, the braking energy capture device and the heating method thereof according to the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the driving process of the fuel cell vehicle.
The fuel cell automobile power driving system mainly comprises a fuel cell system 1, a fuel cell DC-DC converter 2, a power cell system 9, a high-voltage accessory 3, a high-voltage direct current bus 4, a driving motor controller 5, a driving motor 6, a transmission system 7 and a driving wheel 8. In the running process of a fuel cell automobile, electric energy generated by a fuel cell system 1 is regulated by a DC-DC converter and then is transmitted to a high-voltage direct current bus 4, a driving motor controller 5 which is also connected to the high-voltage direct current bus 4 converts the direct current electric energy into a three-phase alternating current driving motor 6, the driving motor 6 drives a driving wheel 8 through a transmission system 7, so that the fuel cell automobile is driven to run, and when the automobile needs larger driving power due to acceleration, the power battery system 9 and the fuel cell system 1 jointly output electric energy to meet the driving power requirement of the whole automobile. In addition, the high-voltage direct current bus 4 also supplies electric energy required for the operation of the high-voltage accessories 3 (including an electric steering pump, an inflation pump, a 24VDC-DC converter, an electric air conditioner and the like). In order to ensure that the membrane electrode of the fuel cell is in an ideal working state, when the vehicle is in idle speed, sliding or braking, even if the driving motor 6 does not consume electric energy, the fuel cell system 1 needs to generate electric energy with certain power so as to maintain the single-chip voltage of the fuel cell within a certain voltage range, and simultaneously provide electric energy for the high-voltage accessory 3, and the redundant electric energy can be absorbed by the power battery system 9.
During the braking process of the vehicle, the braking feedback generated power P of the driving motor 66regThe size is affected by four factors: 1) idle power P generated by the fuel cell system 1 to maintain its membrane electrode state1_idle2) electric power P consumed by the high-voltage accessories 333) maximum permissible charging power P of the power battery system 99max_chgAnd 4) maximum feedback generating power P allowed by the braking feedback process of the motor and the motor controller6reg_limitThe relationships between the above power variables are shown by the following expressions (1) and (2).
P6reg+P1_idle＝P3+P9max_chg (1)
P6reg＝P3+P9max_chg-P1_idle≤P6reg_limit (2)
Since the operating temperature of the power battery system 9 tends to be low in cold winter climates, its maximum allowable charging power P is therefore low9max_chgIs also low and the power P consumed by the high-voltage accessory 33And idle power P of the fuel cell1_idleIt is also not so large, and as can be seen from the formula (2), the control of the drive motor 6 in a cold environmentDynamic feedback generating power P6regAnd is limited within a smaller power range, so that the effect of improving the energy recovery efficiency of the whole vehicle through braking energy feedback is greatly reduced. The main reason for this is the maximum permissible charging power P of the lithium ion power battery system 9 due to the cold low temperatures9max_chgEven if the driving motor 6 has the capability of generating larger generated power at this time, the driving motor 6 can only work according to lower brake feedback generated power and consume redundant energy through the friction brake because the maximum allowable charging power of the power battery system 9 is insufficient, thereby reducing the energy utilization efficiency of the whole vehicle.
The braking energy catcher 13 provided by the invention can allow the driving motor 6 to output larger generating power during braking feedback under a certain condition, and the electric energy which cannot be absorbed by the high-voltage accessory 3 and the power battery system 9 is used for heating the circulating water of the warm air system, so that the electric energy of a fuel battery or a power battery is prevented from being directly consumed, and the effect of saving energy is achieved. At the moment, the braking feedback power P of the driving motor6regComprises the following steps:
P6reg＝P3+P9max_chg+P13_req-P1_idle≤P6reg_limit (3)
as can be seen from equation (3), the braking energy capture power P is due to13_reqEven in the presence of the maximum permissible charging power P of the power battery system 99max_chgIn a small situation, the driving motor 6 can be allowed to emit larger braking feedback power P6regTherefore, the electric energy consumed by warm air heating and directly coming from a fuel cell or a power battery is reduced, and the purpose of improving the energy efficiency of the whole vehicle is achieved.
The hot water heated by the braking energy catcher 13 flows through the windshield defroster 14, the driver foot air heater 15 and the passenger compartment air heater 16 in sequence under the driving of the circulating water pump 11 through the warm air heat supply pipeline 17, and provides heat source for temperature control of all parts of the whole vehicle.
Finally, it should be pointed out that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A braking energy catcher for improving heating of a hydrogen fuel cell automobile, the braking energy catcher (13) comprises an energy catching controller (21), a heating driver (23) and a heating chamber (22), and is characterized in that,
the heating chamber (22), the circulating water pump (11), the windshield defroster (14), the driver foot air heater (15) and the passenger cabin air heater (16) are connected in series on a hot air heat supply pipeline (17) to form a defrosting and heating system of the whole vehicle;
the energy capture controller (21) is connected with control units of all systems of the whole vehicle through a CAN bus or other communication buses (29);
the heating driver (23) is connected to a high-voltage direct current bus (4) of the whole vehicle through a high-voltage direct current bus (12), and the electric energy on the high-voltage direct current bus (4) is used for heating circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline (17);
in the braking process of the whole vehicle, the energy capture controller (21) utilizes surplus braking feedback electric energy on the high-voltage direct-current bus (4) and heats circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline (17) through the heating chamber (22), and hot water flows through the windshield defroster (14), the driver foot air heater (15) and the passenger cabin air heater (16) in sequence through the warm air heat supply pipeline (17) under the pushing of the circulating water pump (11) to provide a heat source for the temperature control of all parts of the whole vehicle.
2. The braking energy capture of claim 1, wherein the energy capture controller (21) is communicatively connected to the fuel cell control unit (24), the control unit (25) of the fuel cell DC-DC converter, the power cell management system (26), the accessory control unit (27), the motor controller (28), the air conditioning control unit (30), and the vehicle control unit (31) via a CAN bus or other communication bus (29), respectively, and the energy capture controller (21) receives analog signals of the windshield defroster switch (18), the air conditioning warm air switch (19), and the brake switch (20).
3. The braking energy capture of claim 1, characterized in that the operating modes of the braking energy capture (13) comprise a direct heating mode and a capture heating mode, wherein,
the direct heating mode is a working mode when a windshield defroster switch (18) is turned on, and the direct heating mode directly obtains electric energy from the high-voltage direct current bus (4) to heat circulating water in a warm air heat supply pipeline (17);
the capture heating mode is that according to the running state of the whole vehicle, on the premise of ensuring that the power battery is not overcharged, the redundant brake feedback energy is utilized to heat the circulating water in the warm air heat supply pipeline (17).
4. The heating method for a braking energy trap of claim 3, wherein the trap heating mode comprises the steps of:
s1) the air-conditioning warm air switch (19) is turned on, and the brake switch (20) is turned off;
s2) the energy capture controller (21) obtains power control parameters through all control units of the whole vehicle control system, and the power control parameters comprise:
the required heating power P of the warm air obtained by the air conditioner control unit (30)13_req，
Maximum allowable battery charging power P obtained by power battery management system (26)9max_chg，
Fuel cell idle power P acquired by a fuel cell control unit (24)1_idle，
High-voltage accessory power P obtained by a high-voltage accessory control unit (27)3，
The maximum allowable generating power P of the motor acquired by the motor controller (28)6reg_limit；
S3) the energy capture controller (21) analyzes and obtains the power state parameters provided by other control units of the whole vehicleCurrent capturable heating power P13_availAnd provides the current brake feedback power requirement P to the vehicle control unit (31)6_reg。
5. The heating method according to claim 4, characterized in that the operating states of the braking energy trap (13) comprise a no energy trap state, a full energy trap state and a partial energy trap state.
6. The heating method according to claim 5,
when P is present9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝0，
in the running state, the braking energy catcher (13) does not work because the braking feedback power of the whole vehicle is smaller, and the braking energy catcher is in a non-energy catching state.
7. The heating method according to claim 5, wherein P is P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle
P13_avail＝P13_req，
in the running state, because the braking feedback power of the whole vehicle is enough, the braking energy catcher (13) can work according to the required power of the heater in a full energy catching state.
8. The heating method according to claim 5, wherein the heating is performed in a state where the heat is not conducted
P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle<P6reg_limitAnd P is13_req+P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle≥P6reg_limitWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,
P6_reg＝P6reg_limit
P13_avail＝P6reg_limit-(P9max_chg+P3-P1_idle)，
in the running state, the brake feedback power of the whole vehicle is more than P9max_chg+P3-P1_idleThe redundant power can not completely meet the requirement of the required power of the warm air, so the braking energy catcher (13) can only meet the requirement of the required power P of the warm air13_reqIs operated in a partial energy capture state.
9. The heating method according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that the operating state of the braking energy capture device (13) is switched between a non-energy capture state, a full energy capture state and a partial energy capture state as the maximum allowable braking feedback power of the motor of the fuel cell vehicle during braking varies.
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