CN112721240A - Toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112721240A CN112721240A CN202011427345.7A CN202011427345A CN112721240A CN 112721240 A CN112721240 A CN 112721240A CN 202011427345 A CN202011427345 A CN 202011427345A CN 112721240 A CN112721240 A CN 112721240A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
- B29C70/36—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and impregnating by casting, e.g. vacuum casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced composite material preparation, and particularly discloses a toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material and a preparation method thereof. The invention is based on the dislocation toughening technology, the main component and the thermoplastic toughening component of the matrix resin are separated, the thermoplastic toughening film prepared from the thermoplastic toughening component is used as a base material, the fiber sub-preformed bodies are prepared by adopting the fiber seam-laying technology, a plurality of groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies are assembled and heat-set to obtain the fiber preformed bodies, and then the resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material is prepared by adopting the resin transfer molding technology. The toughening phase is positioned at the interlayer position which has the greatest contribution to the toughness of the composite material, so that the toughness of the composite material can be greatly improved without influencing a resin transfer molding process and changing the functional characteristics of main components of the resin. Compared with the traditional fiber seam-spreading composite material adopting glass fiber cloth and nylon screen mesh base materials, the toughened composite material has obviously improved compression strength after impact.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of advanced composite material preparation, and particularly relates to a toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The Fiber automatic seam laying Technology (TFP) is a new Fiber automatic laying technology developed in recent years for preparing stiffness-variable composite materials. The basic principle of the fiber seam laying technology is that fiber tows are laid and sewn on a base material by adopting yarns to prepare a fiber preformed body, and then the low-cost automatic manufacturing of the composite material is realized by a resin transfer molding forming process. The TFP technology has the following advantages: (1) the orientation of the fiber can be designed according to the stress condition of the component, the bearing capacity of the fiber is exerted to the maximum extent, and the structural effectiveness of the composite material is improved; (2) breaking through the forming method and the connection form of the traditional special-shaped components such as windowing and opening; (3) the cutting is not needed, the net body preparation of the fiber preformed body can be realized, and the material waste is less; (4) the weight and cost of the composite material member are greatly reduced.
In the TFP technology, the base material mainly plays a role of a carrier, when a part with larger thickness is prepared, a plurality of groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies need to be paved and sewed, and then the fiber preformed bodies are assembled to finish the preparation of the fiber preformed bodies, so that a plurality of layers of base materials are introduced between layers of the composite material. The traditional base materials adopt glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, glass fiber surface felt, nylon screen, nylon non-woven fabric and the like, and the introduction of the base materials has certain influence on the mechanical property of the composite material, particularly the toughness of the composite material.
In the low-cost technology of advanced composite materials, liquid molding technology represented by Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) is currently the mainstream of international research and development. The key of the resin transfer molding composite material technology is that a special resin with ultra-low viscosity is firstly required to be provided for resin transfer molding. To obtain resins of extremely low viscosity, these resins generally have a low relative molecular mass, which also results in resins that are brittle after curing. For aeronautical composite materials, the toughness determines the damage tolerance of the composite material, and the damage tolerance is directly related to the design allowable value of the composite material and directly influences the weight reduction efficiency of the aircraft structure. Therefore, toughening modification of the resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material is imperative.
Disclosure of Invention
First, technical problem to be solved
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a toughened resin transfer molding fiber crack-paving composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the method separates the main component of matrix resin from a thermoplastic toughening component, simultaneously positions a toughening phase at an interlayer position which has the greatest contribution to the toughness of the composite material, and greatly improves the toughness of the composite material without changing the functional characteristics of the main component of the resin.
Second, technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for preparing a toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fiber sub-preformed body by using a fiber seam-laying technology by taking a thermoplastic toughening film prepared from a thermoplastic toughening component of the composite material as a base material;
(2) assembling and heat-setting a plurality of groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies to prepare fiber preformed bodies;
(3) the fiber seam-spreading composite material is prepared by adopting a resin transfer molding technology.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the thermoplastic toughening film is one or more of thermoplastic resin films such as Polyaryletherketone (PAEK), Polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), Polyethersulfone (PES), and Polycarbonate (PC). The thickness of the thermoplastic toughening film is 0.02-0.05 mm. More preferably, the preparation method of the thermoplastic toughening film can adopt solution film forming, calendering film forming, biaxial stretching film forming, casting film forming and the like.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the fiber seam laying technology is to use a thermoplastic toughening film as a substrate, use fibers as a reinforcement, and lay fiber tows on the substrate by using yarns to prepare a fiber sub-preform. Still further preferably, the fiber is one or more of glass fiber, carbon fiber, quartz fiber, and aramid fiber. Preferably, polyamide yarns are used as hot-melt stitching threads, the melting point of the polyamide yarns being 80-150 ℃.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the assembly heat setting is carried out by packaging with a sealing bag (such as a vacuum bag), vacuumizing, and then keeping the temperature at 90-110 ℃ for 10-15min to obtain the fiber preform. The purpose of heat setting is to eliminate the stress strain accumulated in the fiber preform and to make it smooth in surface (no wrinkles) and stable in size (good thermal stability).
As a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the resin transfer molding technique employs, as a matrix resin, one or more of the following resins: epoxy resins, phenolic resins, bismaleimide resins, polyimide resins, and the like. Further preferably, the step of preparing the fiber seam-laying composite material by using the resin transfer molding technology comprises the following steps: and (2) laying the fiber preformed body in a mold cavity of a closed mold, closing the mold, heating the mold to a certain temperature, injecting matrix resin into the fiber preformed body by using pressure, completely impregnating, heating for curing, and finally demolding to obtain the fiber seam-laying composite material. For example, when the epoxy resin 5284 is adopted as the matrix resin, the T300 is adopted as the reinforcement, and the molding process parameters are as follows: injecting at 90 ℃, and keeping the temperature at 180 ℃ for 2h for curing; when bismaleimide resin 6421 is adopted as matrix resin, T300 is adopted as a reinforcement, and the curing process parameters are as follows: injecting at 115 ℃, and keeping the temperature at 200 ℃ for 8h for curing; when the epoxy resin AC524 is used as matrix resin, T800 is used as a reinforcement, and the molding process parameters are as follows: injecting at 90 deg.C, and keeping the temperature at 180 deg.C for 2h to solidify.
The thermoplastic toughening film with a certain thickness prepared from the thermoplastic toughening component of the composite material is used as the base material in the fiber seam paving technology, and the thermoplastic toughening film is used as the base material and exists between layers of the composite material, so that the resin transfer molding process is not influenced, and the toughness of the resin transfer molding fiber seam paving composite material can be greatly improved.
The toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-paving composite material prepared by the method.
The invention is based on the off-site toughening technology, adopts a thermoplastic toughening film with a certain thickness prepared from thermoplastic toughening components of a composite material as a base material, adopts a fiber seam-spreading technology to prepare fiber sub-preformed bodies, assembles a plurality of groups of the fiber sub-preformed bodies, completes the preparation of the fiber preformed bodies by heat setting, and then adopts a resin transfer molding technology to prepare the fiber seam-spreading composite material according to the curing process of the selected matrix resin. The thermoplastic toughening film is used as a base material and exists between layers of the composite material, so that the toughness of the resin transfer molding fiber seam-paving composite material is improved while the resin transfer molding process is not influenced. Compared with the traditional fiber seam-spreading composite material prepared by adopting glass fiber cloth, carbon fiber cloth, nylon screen mesh and the like as base materials, the compression strength after impact is obviously improved.
Third, beneficial effect
The invention provides a toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material and a preparation method thereof, which are based on a fiber seam-laying technology, designs a fiber preformed body according to the stress condition of a product, improves the performance required by the product, takes fiber as a reinforcement, a thermoplastic toughening film as a base material and polyamide yarn as a suture, realizes the automatic preparation of a fiber preformed body, assembles and thermally shapes a plurality of fiber preformed bodies to finish the preparation of the fiber preformed body, and finally finishes the low-cost preparation of the fiber seam-laying composite material by a resin transfer molding RTM process. The base material adopts a thermoplastic toughening film to be introduced into the interlayer of the fiber seam-laying composite material, the main component of matrix resin is separated from the toughening component, and the toughening phase is positioned at the interlayer position which has the greatest contribution to the toughness of the composite material, so that the toughness of the fiber seam-laying composite material formed by resin transfer molding is greatly improved without changing the functional characteristics of the main component of the resin.
The invention adopts the thermoplastic toughening film as the base material, the toughening layer exists between the layers of the composite material, the advantages of the fiber seam-laying technology can be fully exerted, the automatic manufacture of the fiber preformed body is realized, the resin transfer molding forming process is not influenced, the production efficiency is greatly improved, the production cost is reduced, the toughness of the resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material is improved, the stability of a finished piece is ensured, and the low-cost automatic manufacture of the high-toughness resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material is realized.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given to further illustrate the embodiments of the present invention. The following detailed description of the embodiments is only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but not for limiting the scope of the present invention, i.e., the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described in the embodiments. Any modification, replacement or improvement of the raw materials and means is covered without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The raw materials, equipments and the like used in the following examples, comparative examples and experimental examples are commercially available.
Example 1
The preparation method of the toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) in tetrahydrofuran/dimethylformamide mixed solvent to obtain 20% solution, casting the solution onto smooth base paper to obtain 0.03mm thick resin film with surface density of 20g/m2；
(2) Selecting T300(6k) carbon fiber tows, using polyamide yarns with a melting point of 85 ℃ as hot-melt stitches, using a prepared polyaryletherketone film (thickness of 0.03mm) as a base material, and using a fiber seam laying technology to prepare 6 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies, wherein the fiber angles of 3 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies are base material/45 °/0 °/45 °/90 °, the numbers are respectively 1#, 2# and 3#, the fiber angles of 3 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies are base material/90 °/45 °/0 °/45 °, and the numbers are respectively 4#, 5# and 6 #;
(3) sequentially laying the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 fiber sub-preformed bodies (with the surface of the base material below) in sequence from bottom to top, packaging by using a vacuum bag, putting into an oven for heat setting, vacuumizing and heating to 90 ℃, and preserving heat for 15min (10-15 min) to prepare fiber preformed bodies;
(4) the fiber pre-forming body is laid in a mold cavity of a closed mold by adopting a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process, then the mold is closed and heated, when the temperature of the mold reaches 115 ℃, the resin transfer molding bismaleimide resin 6421 (produced by Zhonghang composite material company Limited) is injected into the fiber pre-forming body by pressure and is completely impregnated, then the temperature of the mold is raised to 200 ℃, the heat is preserved for 8 hours, the molding and curing are carried out, and finally the demolding is carried out to obtain the resin transfer molding fiber seam laying composite material T300/6421.
Example 2
The preparation method of the toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting T300(6k) carbon fiber tows, polyamide yarns with the melting point of 95 ℃ as hot-melt stitches, selecting polyphenylene sulfide films as base materials (the thickness is 0.05mm, the base materials are produced by high-tech materials of German-Yang Keji, and Limited liability company), and preparing 6 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies by adopting a fiber seam laying technology, wherein the fiber angles of 3 groups of the fiber sub-preformed bodies are base materials/45 degrees/0 degrees/90 degrees, the numbers are respectively 1#, 2# and 3#, the fiber angles of 3 groups of the fiber sub-preformed bodies are base materials/90 degrees/45 degrees/0 degrees/45 degrees, and the numbers are respectively 4#, 5# and 6 #;
(2) sequentially laying the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 fiber sub-preformed bodies (with the surface of the base material below) in sequence from bottom to top, packaging by using a vacuum bag, putting into an oven for heat setting, vacuumizing and heating to 100 ℃, and preserving heat for 10min (10-15 min) to prepare fiber preformed bodies;
(3) the fiber pre-forming body is laid in a die cavity of a closed die by adopting a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process, then the die is closed and the die is heated, when the temperature of the die reaches 90 ℃, the resin transfer molding epoxy resin 5284 (produced by Zhonghang composite material company Limited) is injected into the fiber pre-forming body by pressure and is completely soaked, then the die is heated to 180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the molding and curing are carried out, and finally the resin transfer molding fiber paving and sewing composite material T300/5284 is obtained by demoulding.
Example 3
The preparation method of the toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving Polyaryletherketone (PAEK) in tetrahydrofuran/dimethylformamide mixed solvent to obtain 20% solution, casting the solution onto smooth base paper to obtain 0.03mm thick resin film with surface density of 20g/m2；
(2) Selecting T800(6k) carbon fiber tows, using polyamide yarns with a melting point of 115 ℃ as hot-melt stitches, using a prepared polyaryletherketone film (thickness of 0.03mm) as a base material, and using a fiber seam laying technology to prepare 6 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies, wherein the fiber angles of 3 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies are base material/45 °/0 °/45 °/90 °, the numbers are respectively 1#, 2# and 3#, the fiber angles of 3 groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies are base material/90 °/45 °/0 °/45 °, and the numbers are respectively 4#, 5# and 6 #;
(3) sequentially laying the No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 fiber sub-preformed bodies (with the surface of the base material below) in sequence from bottom to top, packaging by using a vacuum bag, putting into an oven for heat setting, vacuumizing and heating to 100 ℃, and preserving heat for 12min (10-15 min) to prepare fiber preformed bodies;
(4) the fiber pre-forming body is laid in a die cavity of a closed die by adopting a Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) process, then the die is closed and the die is heated, when the temperature of the die reaches 90 ℃, the resin transfer molding epoxy resin AC524 (produced by Zhonghang composite material company Limited) is injected into the fiber pre-forming body by pressure and is completely soaked, then the die is heated to 180 ℃, the temperature is kept for 2h, the molding and curing are carried out, and finally the resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material T800/AC524 is obtained by demoulding.
Comparative example 1
The preparation method of the resin transfer molding fiber joint-laying composite material in the comparative example is the same as that of example 1 except that the glass fiber cloth (EW100) is used as the base material.
Comparative example 2
The preparation method of the resin transfer molding fiber joint-laying composite material in the comparative example is the same as that of example 2 except that the glass fiber cloth (EW100) is used as the base material.
Comparative example 3
The preparation method of the resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material in the comparative example is the same as that of example 3 except that the nylon screen is used as the base material.
Experimental examples of Effect
This experimental example was performed by performing a performance test according to the standards ASTM 7136 and ASTM 7137 using the resin transfer molded fiber-caulked composite materials prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3. The result shows that the compression strength after impact of the T300/6421 composite material obtained by replacing the base material glass fiber cloth in the comparative example 1 with the polyaryletherketone film is improved from 147MPa to 205 MPa; the compression strength after impact of the T300/5284 composite material obtained by replacing the base material glass fiber cloth in the comparative example 2 with the polyphenylene sulfide film is improved from 153MPa to 212 MPa; the compression strength after impact of the T800/AC524 composite fiber paving and sewing material obtained by replacing the base material nylon screen mesh with the polyphenylene sulfide film in the comparative example 3 is improved from 186MPa to 268 MPa.
The experimental results show that the thermoplastic toughening film is used as the base material, and the toughening layer exists between the layers of the composite material, so that the resin transfer molding process is not influenced, and the toughness of the resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material can be greatly improved. Compared with the traditional fiber seam-paving composite material prepared by taking glass fiber cloth and a nylon screen mesh as base materials, the toughened composite material has obviously improved compression strength after impact.
As indicated in the background art, although the TFP technology realizes the automatic preparation of fiber preforms, when preparing a product with a large thickness, a plurality of groups of fiber sub-preforms need to be sewn, and then the fiber preforms are assembled and heat-set to obtain the fiber preforms, so that a plurality of layers of base materials are introduced between layers of the composite material. According to the traditional fiber seam paving technology, a glass fiber surface felt, a nylon screen, a nylon non-woven fabric, glass fiber cloth and carbon fiber cloth are used as base materials, the introduction of the base materials can have certain influence on the weight and the thickness of the composite material, the base materials possibly have different properties from the fiber body material, and the introduction of the base materials can hardly influence the interface strength of the composite material, so that the mechanical property of the composite material, particularly the toughness of the composite material, is reduced. The invention solves the technical problems, provides the high-toughness resin transfer molding fiber seam-paving composite material and the preparation method thereof, and realizes low-cost automatic manufacturing.
The above are merely examples of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments of the present invention without departing from the technical spirit of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing a toughened resin transfer molding fiber seam-laying composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a fiber sub-preformed body by using a fiber seam-laying technology by taking a thermoplastic toughening film prepared from a thermoplastic toughening component of the composite material as a base material;
(2) assembling and heat-setting a plurality of groups of fiber sub-preformed bodies to prepare fiber preformed bodies;
(3) the fiber seam-spreading composite material is prepared by adopting a resin transfer molding technology.
2. The method for preparing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved seam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the thermoplastic toughening film is one or more of a polyaryletherketone film, a polyetheretherketone film, a polyphenylene sulfide film, a polyethersulfone film and a polycarbonate film.
3. The method for producing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the step (1), the thickness of the thermoplastic toughening film is 0.02-0.05 mm.
4. The method for producing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved composite material according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the preparation of the thermoplastic toughening film adopts the methods of solution film forming, calendering film forming, biaxial stretching film forming or tape casting film forming.
5. The method for preparing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved seam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the fiber seam-laying technology takes a thermoplastic toughening film as a base material and takes fibers as a reinforcement, and fiber tows are laid and sewn on the base material by adopting yarns to prepare a fiber sub-preformed body; the fiber is one or more of glass fiber, carbon fiber, quartz fiber and aramid fiber.
6. The method for preparing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved seam composite material according to claim 5, wherein: in the step (1), polyamide yarns are used as hot-melt sewing threads, and the melting point of the polyamide yarns is 80-150 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved seam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the assembling and heat setting are carried out by packaging with a sealing bag, vacuumizing and then preserving heat for 10-15min at 90-110 ℃ to obtain the fiber preformed body.
8. The method for preparing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved seam composite material according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the resin transfer molding technique employs one or more of the following resins as a matrix resin: epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bismaleimide resin and polyimide resin.
9. The method for preparing a resin transfer molding fiber-paved seam composite material according to claim 8, wherein: in the step (3), the step of preparing the fiber seam-paving composite material by adopting the resin transfer molding technology comprises the following steps: and (2) laying the fiber preformed body in a mold cavity of a closed mold, closing the mold and heating the mold, injecting matrix resin into the fiber preformed body by using pressure after the mold reaches a preset temperature, completely impregnating, heating and curing, and finally demolding to obtain the fiber seam-laying composite material.
10. A toughened resin transfer molded fiber-paved composite material prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-9.
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