CN112717666B - Granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system and operation method thereof - Google Patents
Granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system and operation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
- B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/52—Hydrogen sulfide
- B01D53/526—Mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/58—Ammonia
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
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- B01D2251/304—Alkali metal compounds of sodium
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
- B01D2251/40—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
- B01D2251/404—Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2251/00—Reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D2257/406—Ammonia
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2257/50—Carbon oxides
- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of household garbage treatment and disposal, in particular to a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system and an operation method thereof. The device comprises an alkali liquor absorption tower, a granular quicklime fixed bed, a forced ventilation module and a circulating water heat exchange module, wherein the granular quicklime fixed bed comprises a quicklime drying room and a dust removal room, the quicklime drying room is mainly used for removing residual moisture in circulating air and improving the temperature of the circulating air, and the dust removal room is mainly used for intercepting and separating calcium hydroxide powder generated by the reaction of quicklime and water vapor; the invention controls the circulating water heat exchange module through the feedback of the temperature sensor, thereby controlling the composting environment of the subsequent aerobic composting reactor. The invention integrates multiple functions of circulating water heat exchange accurate temperature control, circulating air, water content control and odor cyclic absorption degradation, realizes zero secondary pollution emission in the biological treatment process of the household garbage, greatly reduces the operation energy consumption of a treatment system and effectively saves the operation cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of household garbage treatment and disposal, in particular to a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system and an operation method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy and improvement of living standard of people in China, the production amount of domestic garbage in China is increased year by year. The '2019 Chinese statistics yearbook' shows that the total quantity of domestic garbage in China in 2018 is 22801.8 ten thousand tons, and about 10800 ten thousand tons of perishable organic wastes exist. In addition, 2.7 thousands of illegal landfill sites exist in China, more than 1600 normal sanitary landfill sites exist, and the total quantity of stored garbage reaches 80 hundred million tons. A large number of cities face the problems of insufficient landfill capacity, difficult site selection of newly-built landfill sites and the trouble that garbage disposal facilities are resisted by the 'adjacent wall effect'. Cities in china, which are in high-speed development, are suffering from the pain of "city walls in garbage". Therefore, the realization of reduction, harmlessness and recycling of the household garbage has important strategic significance on the development of cities in China.
The treatment of domestic garbage by aerobic biological treatment is an environment-friendly treatment technology. However, in the process of microbial degradation, when oxygen is sufficient, organic components in the garbage, such as protein and the like, can generate irritant gas NH under the action of aerobic bacteria3Etc.; in the case of oxygen deficiency, the anaerobic bacteria decompose the organic matter into incomplete oxidation products such as sulfur-containing compounds H2S、SO2Thiols, and the like, and nitrogen-containing compounds such as amines, amides, and the like. If the odor and peculiar smell are not controlled, the secondary pollution problem is more serious. In addition, in the aerobic treatment process of the garbage, the water content is an important control factor, and the characteristic of high water content of perishable organic wastes and stored garbage has a great influence on the reaction efficiency. Currently, blast drying evaporation or natural airing evaporation is mostly adopted for controlling water in the aerobic treatment process, and the required proper water content cannot be accurately and reliably regulated; but at present, a mature, economic and effective water content control technology is not formed. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method for controlling the temperature, removing water and removing odor of the aerobic biological treatment of domestic garbageThe method is carried out.
The method has the advantages that the quicklime can provide heat while removing water, and the problems that the current method for controlling the water content of the domestic garbage in aerobic biological treatment is relatively extensive and the environment required by subsequent aerobic biological reaction cannot be well provided can be solved. The quicklime fixed bed provided by the invention supplies heat to the aerobic composting reactor by utilizing the reaction of quicklime and steam evaporated from the aerobic bioreactor, can promote the efficient operation of the aerobic biological reaction of the household garbage, and realizes the dehydration and deodorization purposes of zero waste output in the aerobic biological treatment process.
Chinese patent publication No. CN201684542U discloses a lime drying tower for heating, dehydrating and deacidifying again flue gas without condensation in subsequent pipelines and equipment, which effectively consumes moisture in flue gas entering the tower body through the exothermic reaction of quicklime and water, reduces the moisture content of flue gas, and deacidifies the flue gas at the same time. However, the device utilizes the reaction between the quicklime and the acid gas for deacidification while utilizing the reaction heat release of the quicklime and the water, so that the product cannot be further utilized, and a large amount of solid waste is generated; meanwhile, the device adopts a bottom-up air inlet mode, which is not beneficial to the separation of the product and the quicklime and can not realize the removal of moisture in the flue gas efficiently and continuously.
Disclosure of Invention
1. Problems to be solved
The invention provides a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system, which utilizes a forced ventilation module to take out moisture and odor in the process of biodegradation of household garbage, removes foul odor and peculiar smell gases in circulating air by an alkali liquor chemical absorption method, and removes moisture in the circulating air by cooperating with alkali liquor temperature difference dehydration and quicklime chemical dehydration; through the decline temperature of control circulated air at alkali lye absorption tower come rational distribution two-stage dehydration volume in order to reduce quick lime quantity to design circulating water heat transfer module make full use of reaction heat, finally realize the dehydration deodorization purpose of zero waste output, it is poor to have improved the temperature control effect, and the not good problem of dehydration efficiency provides good environment for follow-up aerobic biological reaction.
Furthermore, the invention provides an operation method of the system, which integrates the functions of precise temperature control of circulating water and circulating air through double heat mediums heat exchange, water content control, cyclic absorption and degradation of odor into a whole, and maximizes the treatment efficiency of the system.
2. Technical scheme
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a dehydration and deodorization system for a fixed bed of granular quicklime, which comprises an alkali liquor absorption tower, a fixed bed of granular quicklime, a forced ventilation module and a circulating water heat exchange module;
an outlet of the alkali liquor absorption tower is communicated with an inlet of the granular quicklime fixed bed, and the granular quicklime fixed bed is mainly used for absorbing gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide generated in the garbage biodegradation process, the temperature of circulating air is reduced through the heat exchange effect between the circulating air and the alkali liquor, the saturated moisture content of the circulating air is reduced, so that part of water vapor in the circulating air is removed, and the quicklime usage amount and the reaction heat in a subsequent quicklime drying room are controlled; the alkali liquor absorption tower comprises an absorption tower inlet, absorption liquid and an absorption tower outlet, wherein the absorption tower inlet is arranged at the lower part of the absorption liquid; further, the alkali liquor absorption tower comprises a shell, a liquid distributor, an absorption tower inlet and an absorption tower outlet, wherein the liquid distributor is used for bearing or containing absorption liquid; circulating air carrying moisture and odor enters from an absorption tower inlet of the alkali liquor absorption tower, is fully mixed with absorption liquid in the absorption tower, contacts with the absorption liquid and is discharged from an absorption tower outlet;
the particle quicklime fixed bed comprises a quicklime drying room and a dedusting room, the quicklime drying room is mainly used for removing residual moisture in circulating air and improving the temperature of the circulating air, and the dedusting room is mainly used for intercepting and separating calcium hydroxide powder generated by the reaction of quicklime and water vapor; an air outlet pipe of the quicklime drying room is communicated with an inlet of the dedusting room; an air inlet is formed in the side part of the quicklime drying room, and a quicklime drying layer is arranged between the air inlet and the air outlet pipe; the quicklime drying layer is filled with granular quicklime, and the granular quicklime can further improve the gas-solid reaction efficiency; a slag collecting hopper is arranged below the quicklime drying layer and used for collecting impurity residues left after the quicklime reaction, and the adding period of the quicklime and the removing period of impurities in the slag collecting hopper are determined according to the actual operation condition; the slag collecting hopper and the quicklime drying layer are separated by a bearing bracket, and the bearing bracket is strip-shaped and is used for supporting the screen and the granular quicklime; a bearing screen is arranged on the bearing bracket and used for bearing the quicklime drying layer;
the forced ventilation module comprises a fan, and an air inlet of the fan is connected with a tail gas outlet of the dedusting room through an air inlet pipe; in order to adjust the oxygen content of the outlet air for the use of an external material reaction system, an air supply device can be arranged on the air inlet pipe, and comprises an oxygen content monitor and an air inlet valve; when the oxygen content monitor detects that the oxygen concentration of the gas is lower than a certain value, the air inlet valve of the air supply device is automatically opened to supply oxygen, so that continuous good aerobic reaction conditions are provided for a subsequent reactor;
the circulating water heat exchange module is used for controlling the circulating air outlet temperature of the particle quicklime fixed bed and comprises a heat exchange coil, a first temperature sensor and a metering pump, wherein the heat exchange coil is arranged in the quicklime drying layer and is in contact with the particle quicklime filled in the quicklime drying layer, and a water inlet of the heat exchange coil is positioned below a water outlet; preferably, the side wall of the quicklime drying room is provided with an insulating layer, and part of pipelines of the heat exchange coil are arranged in the insulating layer; the first temperature sensor is arranged at a tail gas outlet of the dust removing room and used for monitoring the temperature of circulating air and the temperature of circulating water discharged from the tail gas outlet; the metering pump is arranged on the heat exchange coil and is electrically connected with the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor; the first temperature sensor detects the air outlet temperature, the second sensor detects the temperature of circulating water, then the rotating speed of the metering pump is fed back and adjusted, the flow of the circulating water entering the aerobic composting reactor in the circulating water system is controlled, the total mass of the circulating water for heat exchange is further adjusted, and the heat supply effect of the circulating water on the aerobic composting reactor is controlled, so that the temperature of the aerobic composting reactor is controlled.
Preferably, the dust removing room is a cloth bag dust removing room; the dust collection chamber is provided with a filter bag and a dust collection hopper, and the dust collection hopper is arranged below the filter bag; circulating air carrying calcium hydroxide powder enters the dust removal room from the drying room, calcium hydroxide dust is intercepted by the filter bag, enters the dust collection hopper after pulse ash removal and is recycled; preferably, the filter bag material of dust removal room is high temperature resistant anticorrosive material.
Preferably, the particle size of the granular quicklime is 20-40mm, so that the separation efficiency of the calcium hydroxide generated after the reaction and the granular quicklime is improved, and the gas-solid reaction efficiency of the water absorption reaction is improved.
Preferably, the lye absorption tower is one of a plate tower, a packed tower or a bubble column.
Preferably, the air inlet and the air outlet pipe are provided with screens, the aperture of each screen is 2-3mm, and granular quicklime is prevented from entering the dedusting room; the aperture of the bearing screen is 2-3mm and is used for bearing the quicklime drying layer, and the screen and the bearing screen are both anti-corrosion screens.
Preferably, the absorption liquid is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1-3%.
Preferably, the circulating water heat exchange module further comprises a water storage tank, the water storage tank is connected with the heat exchange coil pipe through a pipeline, and when the metering pump adjusts the total mass of the circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange module, part of the circulating water can be shunted to the water storage tank or the circulating water is supplemented from the water storage tank.
The invention further provides an operation method of the granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system, which comprises the following steps:
(1) circulating air containing water vapor and odor discharged by an external material reaction system enters an alkali liquor absorption tower under the action of a fan, absorption liquid absorbs ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and other gases in the circulating air, meanwhile, the temperature of the circulating air is reduced under the action of heat exchange between the circulating air and the alkali liquor, the saturated moisture content of the circulating air in unit volume is reduced, and part of water vapor in the circulating air is condensed and mixed with the absorption liquid to be removed;
(2) after being discharged from an outlet of an absorption tower of the alkali liquor absorption tower, circulating air enters a quicklime drying room from an air inlet of the particle quicklime fixed bed, and residual water vapor in the circulating air is reacted and absorbed by the particle quicklime; most of heat released by the reaction is transferred to an external material reaction system by using water as a heating medium through a heat exchange coil arranged in a quicklime drying room;
(3) after circulating air traverses through the particle quicklime drying room, calcium hydroxide powder generated by the reaction of the quicklime and water vapor is carried to enter the dust removing room from the air outlet pipe, and the calcium hydroxide powder is intercepted by the cloth bag and then recycled; the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the air outlet temperature of a tail gas outlet of the dedusting room; the second temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange module; the air outlet temperature and the circulating water temperature are fed back to adjust the flow of water in the circulating water heat exchange module, so that the total mass of the water in the circulating water heat exchange module is controlled, and the accurate temperature control of the water and the gas by using a double heat medium is realized; and (3) dry circulating hot air enters the forced ventilation module, is supplemented with a proper amount of air according to the change of the oxygen content and then enters the external material reaction system, and continuously carries out moisture and odor in the external material reaction system to form a closed loop until the material reaction in the external material reaction system is finished.
Preferably, the temperature T of the absorption liquid of the lye absorption tower2According to the inlet air temperature T of the alkali liquor absorption tower1Determining; the concrete mode is as follows: air outlet temperature and absorption liquid temperature T of alkali liquor absorption tower2The saturated moisture content of the outlet air of the alkali liquor absorption tower is d2The inlet air temperature of the alkali liquor absorption tower is T1Has a saturated moisture content of d1，d2≥0.675d1Determining the temperature T of the absorption liquid according to the moisture meter of the saturated air2(ii) a Further explaining the calculation principle, according to the process requirements of the external material reaction system, determining the mass m of water to be removed of the external material reaction system, and determining the latent heat of evaporation C of the waterSteaming food44kJ/mol, the exothermic quantity of reaction between calcium lime and water is Delta HCaO65.2 kJ/mol; q is required to ensure that the heat release of the quicklime can meet the latent heat of evaporation in the aerobic reactorRaw material≥QSteaming foodThat is to say that,
it is possible to obtain,
namely, T is determined according to the process requirements of an external material reaction system1Then, T can be determined according to a saturated air moisture meter2。
Preferably, the temperature T detected by the first temperature sensor is used3And T detected by the second temperature sensor4Adjusting the total mass m of circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange moduleWater (W)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
mwater (W)The total mass of the circulating water flowing through the circulating water heat exchange module is kg;
m is the mass of water, kg, required to be removed by the external material reaction system;
m is the molar mass of water, M is 18X 10-3kg/mol；
CSteaming foodIs the latent heat of evaporation of water, CSteaming food＝44kJ/mol；
CAir conditionerIs T1The specific heat capacity of air at temperature, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
Cwater (W)Is T1Specific heat capacity of water at temperature, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
mair conditionerThe mass of air required to remove m mass of water, kg;
T1the outlet air temperature of the external material reaction system is DEG C;
T3the outlet air temperature of the dust removing room is detected by a first temperature sensor, and the temperature is DEG C;
T4is the circulating water temperature detected by the second temperature sensor in DEG C. In the formula, CAir conditioner、T1、CWater (W)、CSteaming foodM is the mass of water in the compost material that needs to be removed by the external material reaction system and is a known quantity or a detectable valueThe method can be obtained according to the process requirements of an external material reaction system; m isAir conditionerThe mass of the air required to be circulated when water with the mass of m in the material is removed; according to the air outlet temperature T of the dust removing room detected by the first temperature sensor during the operation of the system3And the circulating water temperature T detected by the second temperature sensor4The rotating speed of the metering pump is adjusted to control the flow of water in the heat exchange coil pipe, and then the total mass m of circulating water for heat exchange in the circulating water heat exchange module is adjustedWater (W)And accurate temperature control of an external material reaction system can be realized.
3. Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system which integrates multiple functions of circulating water heat exchange accurate temperature control, circulating air, water content control and odor cyclic absorption and degradation, realizes zero secondary pollution emission in the biological treatment process of household garbage, greatly reduces the operation energy consumption of a treatment system, effectively saves the operation cost, solves the problems that the dehydration and deodorization and temperature control method of the existing household garbage aerobic biological treatment technology is relatively extensive and cannot well provide the environment required by the subsequent aerobic biological reaction, and improves the combined use effect of a lime drying tower and an external material reaction system.
(2) The invention provides a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system which is used for removing moisture in moisture-containing circulating air by cooperating with temperature difference dehydration and quicklime chemical dehydration, controlling the reduction temperature of the circulating air in a temperature difference dehydration stage and reasonably distributing dehydration amount in two stages, reducing the consumption of quicklime in the quicklime chemical dehydration stage, controlling the heat discharged in the quicklime dehydration stage and realizing the maximum utilization of resources while reducing the treatment cost.
(3) The invention provides a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system, which can realize accurate temperature control of a double heating medium by arranging a feedback regulation mechanism with the matching of circulating water and circulating air, and can also fully utilize heat released by the reaction of quicklime and steam to maintain the reaction temperature of an external material reaction system, thereby improving the reaction efficiency.
(4) The invention provides a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system, which adopts a transverse air inlet mode to ensure that circulating air transversely passes through the granular quicklime fixed bed, is favorable for separating the generated calcium hydroxide from granular quicklime and residual impurity residues after the reaction of the quicklime, improves the reaction efficiency and the quality of the generated calcium hydroxide, is favorable for the subsequent sale and resource utilization of the byproduct calcium hydroxide, and improves the economic benefit.
(5) The invention provides an operation method of a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system, which is characterized in that the temperature T detected by a first temperature sensor and a second temperature sensor is used3And T4Accurately adjusting the total mass m of the circulating water for heat exchange in the circulating water heat exchange moduleWater (W)Maximizing system processing efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a quicklime fixed bed reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the arrangement of a heat exchange coil of a quicklime fixed bed reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the arrangement of a heat exchange coil of a quicklime fixed bed reactor of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram of the system of the present invention;
in the figure:
100. an air inlet;
210. a quicklime feeding port; 220. supporting a screen mesh; 230. a support bracket; 240. a quicklime drying layer;
300. an air outlet pipe;
400. a slag collection hopper;
510. a filter bag; 520. a pulse electromagnetic valve;
610. a tail gas outlet; 620. a first temperature sensor;
700. a dust collecting hopper;
800. a heat exchange coil; 810. a water outlet; 820. a water inlet.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and exemplary embodiments. It will, however, be understood that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The detailed description and drawings are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and any such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention as described herein. Furthermore, the background is intended to be illustrative of the state of the art as developed and the meaning of the present technology and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or the application and field of application of the invention.
Example 1
In practical use, the present invention is required to be used in conjunction with an external material reaction system, typically an aerobic composting reactor. The aerobic composting reactor is provided with a heat exchanger, and the composting temperature of the aerobic composting reactor is controlled to be about 40 ℃. The circulating air conveyed into the aerobic composting reactor carries substances such as water vapor, ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and the like generated by composting out of the aerobic composting reactor, enters an alkali liquor absorption tower, gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and the like and part of water vapor are removed through the alkali liquor absorption tower, the residual moisture in the circulating air is removed by using a quicklime fixed bed, the temperature of the circulating air is raised, and the dry circulating air enters the aerobic composting reactor again to carry out moisture and odor. Furthermore, an inlet of an absorption tower of the alkali liquor absorption tower is connected with an air outlet of the aerobic composting reactor, a tail gas outlet 610 of the dust removal room is connected with an air inlet of the forced ventilation module, and an air outlet of the forced ventilation module is connected with an air inlet of the aerobic composting reactor.
Further explaining, the embodiment provides a dehydration and deodorization system for a fixed bed of granular quicklime, which comprises an alkali liquor absorption tower, a fixed bed of granular quicklime, a forced ventilation module and a circulating water heat exchange module.
The outlet of the alkali liquor absorption tower is communicated with the air inlet 100 of the particle quicklime fixed bed, and is mainly used for absorbing gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and the like generated in the garbage biodegradation process, the temperature of the circulating air is reduced through the heat exchange effect between the circulating air and the alkali liquor, the saturated moisture content of the circulating air is reduced, and therefore part of water vapor in the circulating air is removed, and the water vapor are also removedThe amount of quicklime and the reaction heat in the subsequent quicklime drying room are controlled. In this example, the lye absorption tower was a bubble column, and the absorption liquid was a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass concentration of 2%. In this example, the aerobic composting reactor is operated by maintaining the aerobic reactor at 40 deg.C and determining the temperature T of the sodium hydroxide solution according to the moisture content of the saturated air shown in Table 12The temperature of the hand sanitizer in the lye absorption tower can not be lower than 35 ℃, otherwise the heat exchange regulation function of the subsequent circulating water heat exchange module can be influenced. In this example, the temperature T of the sodium hydroxide solution2＝36℃。
TABLE 1 saturated air humidity meter
As shown in fig. 1, the fixed bed of granular quicklime includes a quicklime drying room mainly used for removing residual moisture in the circulating air and raising the temperature of the circulating air, and a dust removal room mainly used for trapping and separating calcium hydroxide powder generated by the reaction of quicklime and water vapor. An air outlet pipe 300 of the quicklime drying room is communicated with an inlet of the dedusting room, and the air outlet pipe 300 is provided with an anti-corrosion screen with the aperture of 2mm to prevent granular quicklime from entering the dedusting room. An air inlet 100 is formed in the side of the quicklime drying room, a quicklime drying layer 240 is arranged between the air inlet 100 and the air outlet pipe 300, and the quicklime drying layer 240 is filled with granular quicklime. A slag collecting hopper 400 is arranged below the quicklime drying layer 240 and used for collecting impurity residues left after the quicklime reaction, and the adding period of the quicklime and the removing period of the impurities in the slag collecting hopper 400 are determined according to the actual operation condition. The slag hopper 400 and the dry layer 240 of quicklime are separated by a support bracket 230, and the support bracket 230 is in a strip shape and is used for supporting a screen and granular quicklime. The support bracket 230 is provided with a support mesh screen 220 for supporting the granular quicklime. The particle size of the granular quicklime filled in the quicklime drying layer 240 is 20-40mm, so that the gas-solid reaction efficiency is further improved. It is worth to say that the top of the quicklime drying room is provided with a quicklime feeding port 210 which can be automatically opened and closed, so that granular quicklime can be conveniently fed. The dust removing room adopts a cloth bag dust removing mode, circulating air carrying calcium hydroxide powder enters the dust removing room from the drying room, the calcium hydroxide is intercepted by the filter bag 510, and enters the dust collecting hopper 700 after pulse dust removal through the pulse electromagnetic valve 520 for recycling. And further circulating the dried circulating hot air subjected to dust removal to a material aerobic reaction system. Preferably, the material of the filter bag 510 in the dust removing room is a high temperature resistant anticorrosive material, so that the service life is prolonged.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the circulating water heat exchange module includes a heat exchange coil 800, a reservoir, a metering pump, and a first temperature sensor 620. The heat exchange coil 800 is arranged in a side wall heat insulation layer of the granular quicklime drying room and the granular quicklime; first temperature sensor 620 sets up in tail gas export 610 department between removing dust, and the measuring pump sets up on heat exchange coil 800, and the cistern is linked together through the pipeline with heat exchange coil 800. The circulating water heat exchange module can adjust the circulating air outlet temperature of the particle quicklime fixed bed, and the total mass of circulating water flowing through the circulating water heat exchange module is adjusted according to the air outlet temperature and the circulating water temperature, so that the temperature of an external material reaction system is controlled.
As shown in fig. 4, this embodiment further provides an operation method of the granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system:
(1) 40 ℃ circulating air carrying moisture and odor discharged from the material reaction system enters the dehydration and deodorization system from an absorption tower inlet of the alkali liquor absorption tower, is fully mixed and contacted with 36 ℃ absorption liquid and then is discharged from an absorption tower outlet, gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide and the like generated in the garbage biodegradation process are removed, and meanwhile, part of moisture in the circulating air can be removed through the temperature difference effect;
(2) after being discharged from an outlet of an absorption tower of the alkali liquor absorption tower, circulating air at 36 ℃ enters a quicklime drying room from an air inlet of a particle quicklime fixed bed, and residual moisture in the circulating air reacts with the particle quicklime to generate calcium hydroxide and simultaneously releases heat; the temperature of circulating air is raised by the released heat, most of the heat released by the reaction is transferred to an external material reaction system by using the heat exchange coil 800 and taking water as a heating medium, the temperature of the external material reaction system is maintained at 40 ℃, and meanwhile, the temperature of the circulating air entering a particle quicklime fixed bed is controlled at 40 ℃;
(3) after circulating air traverses through the particle quicklime drying room, calcium hydroxide powder generated by the reaction of the quicklime and water vapor is carried to enter the dedusting room from the air outlet pipe 300, and the calcium hydroxide powder is intercepted by the filter bag 510 and then enters the dust collecting hopper 700 for recycling; the first temperature sensor 620 is used for monitoring the air outlet temperature of the tail gas outlet of the dedusting room, and the second temperature sensor is used for detecting the circulating water temperature in the circulating water heat exchange module and feeding back and adjusting the flow of water in the circulating water heat exchange module; according to the change of the oxygen content, the dry and clean circulating hot air supplements a proper amount of air to control the oxygen content to be about 20 percent, then enters the external material reaction system again, and continuously carries out the moisture and the odor in the air to form a closed loop until the material reaction is finished.
In this example, the mass of the material in the aerobic composting reactor was 10kg and the water content was 60%. According to the treatment process, the mass of water to be removed from the material is 2 kg. Maintaining the temperature of the aerobic composting reactor at 40 ℃, and then the air outlet temperature T of the aerobic composting reactor1At 40 ℃. The volume of air required to remove 2kg of water was 40m3The air density is 1.29kg/m3And then:
when the first temperature sensor 620 detects the temperature T3A detected temperature T of the second temperature sensor at 41 DEG C4When the temperature is 41 ℃, the rotating speed of the metering pump is adjusted, so that the total mass m of the circulating water flowing through the circulating water heat exchange moduleWater (W)1151.7 kg. Through the accurate temperature control of this embodiment, can make compost reactor temperature maintain about 40 ℃, provide good compost reaction environment. After 9 days of aerobic fermentation, the moisture content of the compost materials is reduced to 40%, and the obtained compost products can meet the requirements of technical Specifications for domestic garbage compost treatment (CJJ 52-2014), so that the composting efficiency and the quality of the compost products are improved.
Example 2
The basic content of this example is the same as example 1,the difference lies in that: in this example, the mass of the material in the aerobic composting reactor was 10kg and the water content was 50%. According to the treatment process, the mass of water to be removed from the material is 1 kg. Maintaining the temperature of the aerobic composting reactor at 40 ℃, and then the air outlet temperature T of the aerobic composting reactor1At 40 ℃. The volume of air required to remove 1kg of water was 20m3The air density is 1.29kg/m3And then:
when detecting the temperature T3At 42 ℃ and T4When the temperature is 40.5 ℃, the rotating speed of the metering pump is adjusted, so that the total mass m of the circulating water flowing through the circulating water heat exchange moduleWater (W)1139.33 kg. Through the accurate temperature control of this embodiment, can make compost reactor temperature maintain about 40 ℃, provide good compost reaction environment. The water content of the compost materials is reduced to 40% after 7 days of aerobic fermentation, the obtained compost products can meet the requirements of technical Specifications for domestic waste compost treatment (CJJ 52-2014), and the composting efficiency and the quality of the compost products are improved.
Comparative example
The basic contents of this comparative example are the same as example 1, except that: in this comparative example, the composting temperature of the aerobic composting reactor in example 1 was controlled by turning over the compost material and natural ventilation, and the oxygen content of the compost and the water content of the compost were adjusted. The compost temperature is reduced, the oxygen content is increased, the water content is reduced through turning and natural ventilation, but the temperature, the oxygen content and the water content of the compost after adjustment cannot be accurately controlled in a relatively extensive adjustment mode, the appropriate conditions required by the compost cannot be maintained, the composting period at least needs more than 20 days, and no deodorization measures easily cause secondary pollution.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above schematically, without limitation, and the embodiments shown in the drawings are only one of the embodiments of the invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, a person skilled in the art shall not be able to devise the similar structural modes and embodiments without inventively designing them, but shall fall within the scope of the present patent.
Claims (10)
1. A granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system is used for dehydrating and deodorizing an aerobic composting reactor; the method is characterized in that: comprises an alkali liquor absorption tower, a granular quicklime fixed bed, a forced ventilation module and a circulating water heat exchange module; the outlet of the alkali liquor absorption tower is communicated with the inlet of the particle quicklime fixed bed; the alkali liquor absorption tower comprises an absorption tower inlet, absorption liquid and an absorption tower outlet, wherein the absorption tower inlet is arranged at the lower part of the absorption liquid; the circulating water heat exchange module is used for exchanging heat for the aerobic composting reactor;
the particle quicklime fixed bed comprises a quicklime drying room and a dedusting room, and an air outlet pipe (300) of the quicklime drying room is communicated with an inlet of the dedusting room; an air inlet (100) is formed in the side part of the quicklime drying room, and a quicklime drying layer (240) is arranged between the air inlet (100) and the air outlet pipe (300); the quicklime drying layer (240) is filled with granular quicklime; a slag collecting hopper (400) is arranged below the quick lime drying layer (240), the slag collecting hopper (400) and the quick lime drying layer (240) are separated by a bearing bracket (230), and the bearing bracket (230) is provided with a bearing screen (220);
the forced ventilation module comprises a fan, and an air inlet (100) of the fan is connected with a tail gas outlet (610) of the dedusting room through an air inlet pipe;
the circulating water heat exchange module comprises a heat exchange coil (800), a first temperature sensor (620), a second temperature sensor and a metering pump, the heat exchange coil (800) is arranged in the quicklime drying layer (240) and is in contact with granular quicklime filled in the quicklime drying layer (240), and the first temperature sensor (620) is arranged at a tail gas outlet (610) of the dedusting room; the metering pump is arranged on the heat exchange coil (800) and is electrically connected with the first temperature sensor (620); and the second temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange module.
2. The granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dust removing room is a cloth bag dust removing room; the dust removing room is provided with a filter bag (510) and a dust collecting hopper (700), and the dust collecting hopper (700) is arranged below the filter bag (510).
3. The granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the granular quicklime is 20-40 mm.
4. The granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the alkali liquor absorption tower is one of a plate tower, a packed tower or a bubble tower.
5. The granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the air inlet (100) and the air outlet pipe (300) are both provided with a screen, the aperture of the screen is 2-3mm, and/or the aperture of the bearing screen (220) is 2-3 mm.
6. The granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the absorption liquid is a sodium hydroxide solution, and the mass concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1-3%.
7. The granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the circulating water heat exchange module further comprises a water storage tank, and the water storage tank is connected with the heat exchange coil (800) through a pipeline.
8. A method of operating a fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system using granular quicklime as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: circulating air enters an alkali liquor absorption tower under the action of a fan, enters a quick lime drying room for drying after alkali liquor deodorization and temperature reduction, and the dried tail gas is discharged after being dedusted by a dedusting room;
the first temperature sensor (620) is used for monitoring the air outlet temperature of the tail gas outlet (610) of the dust removing room, and a temperature detection signal of the first temperature sensor (620) is transmitted to the metering pump;
the system also comprises a second temperature sensor, wherein the second temperature sensor is used for detecting the temperature of circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange module;
the metering pump adjusts the total mass of circulating water flowing through the heat exchange coil (800) by the circulating water heat exchange module according to the air outlet temperature and the temperature of the circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange module.
9. The method for operating a granular quicklime fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the temperature T of absorption liquid of said lye absorption tower2According to the inlet air temperature T of the alkali liquor absorption tower1Determining; the concrete mode is as follows: the air outlet temperature and the absorption liquid temperature T of the alkali liquor absorption tower2The saturated moisture content of the outlet air of the alkali liquor absorption tower is d2The inlet air temperature of the alkali liquor absorption tower is T1Has a saturated moisture content of d1，d2≥0.675d1Determining the temperature T of the absorption liquid according to the moisture meter of the saturated air2。
10. The method of operating a fixed bed dehydration and deodorization system using granular quicklime as set forth in claim 8, wherein: according to the detected temperature T of the first temperature sensor (620)3And the detected temperature T of the second temperature sensor4Adjusting the total mass m of circulating water in the circulating water heat exchange moduleWater (W)The method comprises the following steps:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
mwater (W)The total mass of the circulating water flowing through the circulating water heat exchange module is kg;
m is the mass of water, kg, required to be removed by the external material reaction system;
m is the molar mass of water, M is 18X 10-3kg/mol；
CSteaming foodIs the latent heat of evaporation of water, CSteaming food＝44kJ/mol；
CAir conditionerIs T1The specific heat capacity of air at temperature, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
Cwater (W)Is T1Specific heat capacity of water at temperature, kJ/(kg. DEG C);
mair conditionerThe mass of air required to remove m mass of water, kg;
T1the outlet air temperature of the external material reaction system is DEG C;
T3the outlet air temperature of the dust removing room is detected by a first temperature sensor (620) at the temperature of DEG C;
T4is the circulating water temperature detected by the second temperature sensor in DEG C.
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