CN112710615A - Common-mode differential detection device and method based on optical space reciprocity - Google Patents
Common-mode differential detection device and method based on optical space reciprocity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a common-mode differential detection device and method based on optical space reciprocity, and relates to a method for eliminating common-mode errors caused by environmental fluctuation in a light path by using a detection system of the space optical reciprocity. The method divides detection laser into two beams with the same propagation path and optical characteristics, simultaneously irradiates a polarized alkali metal gas chamber sample along opposite directions, detects two paths of transmitted light intensity signals, eliminates common mode errors generated by optical devices and the like due to external environment fluctuation after differential processing, and obtains double optical rotation angle signals to be detected. The invention can eliminate common mode errors such as polarization fluctuation and the like introduced by optical devices and the like on the whole based on the reciprocity principle, remarkably improves the long-term stability of the system, and can be used for systems and devices for measuring weak optical rotation angles such as atomic magnetometers, atomic gyroscopes, optical precision measurement and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of differential detection, in particular to a common-mode differential detection device and method based on optical space reciprocity, which can be used for precisely measuring a rotation angle in instrument equipment such as an atomic magnetometer and an atomic gyroscope.
Background
The differential detection method of the polarization beam splitter prism is used as a high-precision rotation angle measurement method, and compared with a photoelastic modulation detection method, a Faraday modulator detection method and the like, the differential detection method of the polarization beam splitter prism has smaller volume and convenient and simple structure, so the differential detection method of the polarization beam splitter prism has important application prospect in miniaturization of precision measurement instruments such as an atomic magnetometer, an atomic gyroscope and the like. However, the differential detection method of the polarization splitting prism lacks modulation, and is more susceptible to external environment, so that polarization errors are generated. The traditional differential detection method of the polarization splitting prism does not eliminate the polarization errors, but the polarization errors are equivalently superposed on the optical rotation angle to be measured. Therefore, the polarization change of the optical device caused by the influence of the external environment influences the measurement precision of the polarization splitting prism difference detection method on the tiny rotation angle, which greatly limits the application of the polarization splitting prism difference detection method in precision measurement of atomic magnetometers, atomic spin gyroscopes and the like. This problem is particularly pronounced for atomic spin gyroscopes, which seek long-term stability performance criteria.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the existing polarization beam splitter prism differential detection method are overcome, and a common mode differential detection device and method based on optical space reciprocity are provided. The device obtains two paths of signals related to the optical rotation angle by adopting a method of two beams of light correlation, eliminates the measurement error of the optical rotation angle caused by the fluctuation influence of the external environment by a difference making mode, and realizes the precise measurement of the optical rotation angle in instruments such as an atomic magnetometer, an atomic gyroscope and the like.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a common mode differential detection device based on optical space reciprocity comprises a collimation detection laser source, a light power stabilization module, an optical fiber beam splitter, a first collimator, a first polarizer, a first polarization splitting prism, a sample to be detected, a three-dimensional coil, an 1/2 wave plate, a second polarization splitting prism, a second polarizer, a second collimator, a first photoelectric detector, a second photoelectric detector and a signal acquisition and processing unit; wherein, the light beam emitted by the collimation detection laser source enters the optical power stabilizing module; the light beam after power stabilization is divided into two beams of light with equal power by the optical fiber beam splitter, wherein the first beam sequentially passes through a first collimator, a first polarizer, a first polarization splitting prism, a sample to be detected, an 1/2 wave plate, a second polarization splitting prism and a second photoelectric detector; the second beam sequentially passes through a second collimator, a second polarizer, a second polarization splitting prism, an 1/2 wave plate, a sample to be detected, a first polarization splitting prism and a first photoelectric detector; the output ends of the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector are connected to the signal acquisition and processing unit.
The first polarizer and the second polarizer are all Glan Taylor prisms with high extinction ratio, and the light transmission axis of the first polarizer and the second polarizer is along the x-axis direction; the polarization axis of the first polarization beam splitter prism is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer; the polarization axis of the second polarization beam splitter prism is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer; 1/2 the optical axis of the wave plate forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the direction of the polarization axis of the first polarization beam splitter prism and the direction of the polarization axis of the second polarization beam splitter prism; the three-dimensional coil provides magnetic field compensation in different directions for the sample to be measured.
The common mode differential detection device based on optical space reciprocity is used for eliminating the optical rotation angle measurement error caused by the fluctuation influence of the external environment, and the specific steps are as follows:
step (1), the light beam emitted by the collimation detection laser source is subjected to power stability control through a light power stabilizing module and then enters an optical fiber beam splitter;
step (2), the light beam is divided into two beams with equal power after passing through the optical fiber beam splitter, wherein the first beam passes through a first collimator, a first polarizer, a first polarization splitting prism, a sample to be detected, an 1/2 wave plate, a second polarization splitting prism and a second photoelectric detector, and the second photoelectric detector is placed in the direction vertical to the optical axis of the second polarization splitting prism; the light intensity of the first beam of laser is marked as I, the polarization direction of the beam can rotate after the beam passes through a sample to be detected, and the optical rotation angle is marked as theta; second photo detectorRecording the light intensity of the light beam emitted by the second polarization beam splitter prism and converting the light intensity into an electric signal to form a first path of signal; the power of the second beam of split laser is equal to that of the first beam of split laser, and the light intensity is also marked as I; the beam of light passes through a second collimator, a second polarizer, a second polarization beam splitter prism, an 1/2 wave plate, a sample to be detected and a first polarization beam splitter prism; a first photoelectric detector is arranged in the direction vertical to the optical axis of the first polarization splitting prism; the polarization direction of the second beam of laser light can also rotate after passing through a sample to be detected, the optical rotation angle is equal to the optical rotation angle superposed by the first beam of laser light in size and opposite in direction, the optical rotation angle is marked as-theta, and the second beam of laser light passes through the first polarization light splitting prism and is recorded into a second path of signal by the first photoelectric detector; wherein, the first path signal has the size of
The second path of signal has the magnitude of
And (3) carrying out differential processing on the two paths of signals by using the first path of signal and the second path of signal obtained in the step (2) to obtain a signal related to the optical rotation angle theta to be measured:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the common mode differential detection device and the common mode differential detection method based on optical space reciprocity are provided, the function of eliminating polarization errors caused by the influence of external environmental factors on a light path is realized, the optical rotation angle after the polarization errors are eliminated is obtained, and the long-time and high-stability precision measurement of the optical rotation angle in instruments such as an atomic magnetometer and an atomic gyroscope is further realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a common mode differential detection apparatus based on optical spatial reciprocity according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of method steps for carrying out the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures mean: 1 is a collimated detection laser source; 2 is a light power stabilizing module; 3 is a fiber beam splitter; 4 is a first collimator; 5 is a first polarizer; 6 is a first polarization beam splitter prism; 7 is a sample to be detected; 8 is a three-dimensional coil; 9 is 1/2 wave plate; 10 is a second polarization beam splitter prism; 11 is a second polarizer; 12 is a second collimator; 13 is a first photodetector; and 14 is a second photodetector.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of a common mode differential detection device based on optical spatial reciprocity. It can be seen from the figure that the common mode differential detection device based on optical space reciprocity of the present invention is composed of a collimation detection laser source 1, an optical power stabilization module 2, an optical fiber beam splitter 3, a first collimator 4, a first polarizer 5, a first polarization splitting prism 6, a sample to be detected 7, a three-dimensional coil 8, an 1/2 wave plate 9, a second polarization splitting prism 10, a second polarizer 11, a second collimator 12, a first photodetector 13, a second photodetector 14 and a signal acquisition and processing unit, and the position relationship is as follows: the light beam emitted by the collimation detection laser source 1 enters the optical power stabilization module 2. The light beam after power stabilization control is divided into two light beams with equal power by the optical fiber beam splitter 3, wherein the first light beam sequentially passes through the first collimator 4, the first polarizer 5, the first polarization splitting prism 6, the sample to be measured 7, the 1/2 wave plate 9, the second polarization splitting prism 10 and the second photodetector 14; the second light beam sequentially passes through a second collimator 12, a second polarizer 11, a second polarization splitting prism 10, an 1/2 wave plate 9, a sample 7 to be detected, a first polarization splitting prism 6 and a first photoelectric detector 13; the output ends of the first photodetector 13 and the second photodetector 14 are connected to a signal acquisition and processing unit.
The first polarizer 5 and the second polarizer 11 are both a Glan Taylor prism with high extinction ratio, and the light transmission axis of the Glan Taylor prism is along the x-axis direction; the direction of the polarization axis of the first polarization beam splitter prism 6 is parallel to the transmission axis of the first polarizer 5; the direction of the polarization axis of the second polarization beam splitter prism 10 is parallel to the transmission axis of the second polarizer 11; 1/2 the optical axis of the wave plate 9 forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the direction of the polarization axis of the first polarization beam splitter prism 6 and the direction of the polarization axis of the second polarization beam splitter prism 10; the three-dimensional coil 8 provides magnetic field compensation in different directions for the sample to be measured.
The structure diagram of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and the specific structure is as follows: the collimation detection laser source 1 is a DFB semiconductor laser with the wavelength of 795 nm; the optical power stabilizing module 2 is a control component of a liquid crystal noise attenuator matched with a polarization beam splitter prism, and forms stable control on optical power in an optical path to prevent power fluctuation of the optical power stabilizing module from submerging a polarization error signal to be eliminated; the optical fiber beam splitter 3 is 1: 1, an optical fiber beam splitter; the first collimator 4 and the second collimator 12 are the collimating heads of the Thorlabs PAF 2-A7B; the first polarizer 5 and the second polarizer 11 are Glan Taylor polarizing prisms made of calcite, and the extinction ratio of the Glan Taylor polarizing prisms is better than 10-5(ii) a The sample 7 to be tested is prepared by K, Rb alkali metal atom mixture in certain proportion and inert gas in certain pressure21A Ne composition; the three-dimensional coil 8 is a Helmholtz coil; the first photodetector 13 and the second photodetector 14 are composed of photodiodes and preamplification circuits;
the common mode differential detection device based on optical space reciprocity is used for eliminating the optical rotation angle measurement error caused by the fluctuation influence of the external environment, and comprises the following steps:
step (1), the light beam emitted by a collimation detection laser source 1 is subjected to power stability control through a light power stabilizing module 2 and then enters an optical fiber beam splitter 3;
step (2), dividing the light beam into two beams of laser with equal power through an optical fiber beam splitter 3, wherein the first beam passes through a first collimator 4, a first polarizer 5, a first polarization beam splitter prism 6, a sample to be detected 7, an 1/2 wave plate 9, a second polarization beam splitter prism 10 and a second photoelectric detector 14, and the second photoelectric detector 14 is placed in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the second polarization beam splitter prism 10; the light intensity of the first laser beam is marked as I, and the polarization direction of the first laser beam can rotate after the first laser beam passes through a sample 7 to be measuredThe optical rotation angle is marked as theta; the second photodetector 14 records the light intensity of the light beam emitted by the second polarization beam splitter prism 10 and converts the light intensity into an electric signal, so as to obtain a first path of signal; the power of the second beam of split laser is equal to that of the first beam of split laser, and the light intensity is also marked as I; the beam of light passes through a second collimator 12, a second polarizer 11, a second polarization beam splitter prism 10, an 1/2 wave plate 9, a sample 7 to be detected and a first polarization beam splitter prism 6; a first photodetector 13 is disposed in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the first polarization splitting prism 6; the second beam of laser rotates in the same polarization direction after passing through the sample 7 to be measured, the optical rotation angle is equal to the optical rotation angle superposed by the first beam of laser in the same direction, the direction is opposite, the optical rotation angle is marked as-theta, and the second beam of laser passes through the first polarization splitting prism 6 and is recorded as a second path of signal by the first photoelectric detector 13; wherein, the first path signal has the size of
The second path of signal has the magnitude of
And (3) carrying out differential processing on the two paths of signals by using the first path of signal and the second path of signal obtained in the step (2) to obtain a signal related to the optical rotation angle theta:
those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a common mode difference detection device based on optical space reciprocity which characterized in that: the device comprises a collimation detection laser source (1), a light power stabilizing module (2), an optical fiber beam splitter (3), a first collimator (4), a first polarizer (5), a first polarization splitting prism (6), a sample to be detected (7), a three-dimensional coil (8), an 1/2 wave plate (9), a second polarization splitting prism (10), a second polarizer (11), a second collimator (12), a first photoelectric detector (13), a second photoelectric detector (14) and a signal acquisition and processing unit; the device comprises a collimation detection laser source (1), an optical power stabilizing module (2), an optical fiber beam splitter (3), a first polarization splitter (5), a first polarization splitting prism (6), a sample to be detected (7), an 1/2 wave plate (9), a second polarization splitting prism (10) and a second photoelectric detector (14), wherein a light beam emitted by the collimation detection laser source (1) enters the optical power stabilizing module (2), and is divided into two beams with the same power by the optical fiber beam splitter; the second light beam sequentially passes through a second collimator (12), a second polarizer (11), a second polarization splitting prism (10), an 1/2 wave plate (9), a sample to be detected (7), a first polarization splitting prism (6) and a first photoelectric detector (13); the output ends of the first photoelectric detector (13) and the second photoelectric detector (14) are connected to a signal acquisition and processing unit.
2. A common-mode differential detection device based on optical spatial reciprocity according to claim 1, characterized in that: the transmission axis of the first polarizer (5) is parallel to the polarization axis of the first polarization splitting prism (6); the transmission axis of the second polarizer (11) is parallel to the polarization axis of the second polarization splitting prism (10); 1/2 the included angle of 45 degrees is formed between the optical axis of the wave plate (9) and the polarization axis direction of the first polarization beam splitter prism (6) and the polarization axis direction of the second polarization beam splitter prism (10); the sample (7) to be tested is a spherical alkali metal air chamber; the three-dimensional coil (8) provides magnetic field compensation in different directions for the sample (7) to be measured.
3. A common-mode differential detection method based on optical space reciprocity, which utilizes the common-mode differential detection device based on optical space reciprocity of claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1), the light beam emitted by the collimation detection laser source (1) is subjected to power stability control through the optical power stability module (2), and then enters the optical fiber beam splitter (3);
step (2), the light beam is divided into two beams with equal power after passing through the optical fiber beam splitter (3), wherein the first beam passes through the first collimator (4), the first polarizer (5), the first polarization beam splitter prism (6), the sample to be tested (7), the 1/2 wave plate (9) and the second polarization beam splitter prismThe polarization beam splitter comprises a vibration beam splitter prism (10) and a second photoelectric detector (14), wherein the second photoelectric detector (14) is arranged in the direction vertical to the optical axis of the second polarization beam splitter prism (10); the light intensity of the first beam of laser is marked as I, the polarization direction of the beam can rotate after the beam passes through a sample (7) to be detected, and the optical rotation angle is marked as theta; the second photoelectric detector (14) records the light intensity of the light beam emitted by the second polarization beam splitter prism (10) and converts the light intensity into an electric signal, and the electric signal becomes a signal of a first path; the power of the second beam of split laser is equal to that of the first beam of split laser, and the light intensity is also marked as I; the beam of light passes through a second collimator (12), a second polarizer (11), a second polarization splitting prism (10), an 1/2 wave plate (9), a sample to be detected (7) and a first polarization splitting prism (6); a first photoelectric detector (13) is arranged in the direction vertical to the optical axis of the first polarization splitting prism (6); the second beam of laser rotates in the same polarization direction after passing through a sample (7) to be detected, the superposed optical rotation angle of the first beam of laser is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction, the superposed optical rotation angle is marked as-theta, and the second beam of laser passes through a first polarization splitting prism (6) and then is recorded into a second path of signal by a first photoelectric detector (13); wherein, the first path signal has the size of
The second path of signal has the magnitude of
And (3) carrying out differential processing on the two paths of signals by using the first path of signal and the second path of signal obtained in the step (2) to obtain a signal related to the optical rotation angle theta to be measured:
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| CN114114678A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-03-01 | 山西大学 | Device and method for realizing optical reciprocity-nonreciprocal transmission regulation and control |
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