CN112710450B - Hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system and method for fracture blockage caused by particles - Google Patents
Hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system and method for fracture blockage caused by particles Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system and method for a fracture blocked by particles. The method can be used for researching the migration rule of the particles blocked in the fracture under the hydraulic pulse, can set up the experimental condition that the particles are statically placed in the full-pipe fracture before the experiment starts, can analyze the pulse frequency, the amplitude and the fracture morphology of the hydraulic pulse to start the particles deposited in the fracture, can determine the corresponding hydraulic pulse characteristic quantity according to different fracture types and shapes, provides theoretical basis and experimental data for optimizing the design of the underground coal mine field hydraulic pulse deblocking process parameters, and further reduces the engineering cost on the premise of improving the secondary permeability increasing effect of the particles blocking the mining fracture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a hydraulic pulse experiment system and method, in particular to a hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system and method for a crack blocked by particles, and belongs to the technical field of coal mine gas disaster prevention and control and efficient development.
Background
Mine gas is a harmful gas produced by physical and chemical actions during the lengthy formation and deterioration of coal. Coal bed gas can be released into a mining space in the coal mining process to cause the gas to exceed the limit, thereby bringing dangerous hidden danger to mine production and seriously restricting the safety production of coal mines. The establishment of a safe and efficient gas extraction technology is a fundamental measure for controlling coal mine gas disasters. At present, coal bed gas mining methods mainly comprise two methods: negative pressure extraction is carried out through ground drilling, and negative pressure extraction is carried out through underground drilling. Under the influence of mining, mining fracture networks formed by the intercommunication of the separation fractures and the vertical fractures are formed in the coal seam and the overlying rock layer, and the fracture networks provide sufficient channels for the flow of pressure relief gas in the coal seam and the goaf. Under the condition of negative pressure extraction, free gas flow in the coal seam or the goaf can enter a gas extraction borehole through the mining fracture network or be extracted to the ground for utilization.
In the mine gas extraction engineering practice, gas extraction activities are required to be suspended due to reasons such as adjustment of an extraction system, however, after the production of the gas extraction system is recovered according to a mine excavation plan, the gas flow in a gas extraction borehole is decreased in a cliff-broken mode before stopping extraction, data statistics is provided, and the highest decrease proportion of the gas flow in the gas extraction borehole is up to 48% even before stopping extraction and re-extracting. The main reasons for this phenomenon are: the coal bed and the overlying rock layer can move or be broken under the influence of mining, a large amount of coal (rock) particles are generated in the process, before the mining of a gas extraction drill hole is stopped, coal (rock) particles are inevitably carried in extracted gas flow and migrate in a fracture network, after a gas extraction system stops running, due to the loss of a power source, the particles can be deposited at the bottom of a mining fracture to form a fixed particle bed, the effective overflowing area of the extracted gas flow can be reduced due to the existence of the fixed particle bed, even fracture channels are completely blocked, and the mine gas extraction effect can be seriously influenced. The method has important engineering significance for prolonging the service cycle of the gas extraction drill hole, realizing the extraction of free gas in the coal seam to the maximum extent and performing secondary permeability-increasing blockage removal on the mining-induced fracture field blocked by the particulate matters after the extraction system stops pumping and re-pumps.
In the prior art, coal seam pulsating hydraulic fracturing is one of common mining-induced fracture field permeability-increasing technologies, high-pressure water (at least more than 10 MPa) is injected into a coal seam through an original gas extraction drilling hole, and alternating stress generated under the action of hydraulic pulsation is utilized to enable the coal seam to generate fatigue damage, so that the development degree of coal seam fractures is improved, and the mining-induced fracture permeability is increased. However, the secondary permeability increase of the blocked fracture is essentially different from the permeability increase of the coal bed pulsating hydraulic fracturing in the traditional sense. The technology for increasing the permeability of the coal seam by pulsating hydraulic fracturing aims to change the gas storage structure of the coal seam and destroy the structure of the coal seam, so that the technology needs to inject a large-flow high-pressure fracturing fluid into a coal seam drilled hole, and related researches show that the optimal pulsating hydraulic fracturing permeability increasing pulse hydraulic pressure is 25MPa and the pulse frequency is 20 Hz. However, the secondary permeability increase of the blocked fracture is to flush deposited particles in the fracture by using additional force of hydraulic pulse to enable the deposited particles to flow along with water flow, and the final purpose is not to cause fatigue damage to the coal seam or the overlying rock stratum to damage the original fracture, so that the pulse pressure and the pulse frequency required by the secondary permeability increase of the blocked fracture are far less than those required by the pulse hydraulic fracturing permeability increase of the coal seam. Therefore, the method of directly adopting the coal seam pulsating hydraulic fracturing permeability-increasing technology to perform secondary permeability increase on the mining fracture field blocked by the particles will increase the engineering cost.
At present, the research on the hydraulic pulse blockage removal technology in the mining fracture field blocked by the particles is less. The method is used for secondary permeability increasing and blockage relieving of a mining fracture field blocked by particles, and not only needs to know the migration rule of the particles in a mining fracture under the action of a hydraulic pulse, namely analyzing the characteristic quantity (pulse frequency and amplitude) of the hydraulic pulse and the action mechanism of fracture morphology on starting of the particles deposited in the fracture, but also needs to research the characteristics of overlying strata with different lithologies or coal seams with different coal qualities to form fractures and the like, so that the hydraulic pulse characteristic quantity corresponding to different fracture types and different fracture morphologies can be determined, and further the engineering cost is reduced on the premise of improving the secondary permeability increasing effect of the particles blocking the mining fracture. Therefore, the hydraulic pulse blockage removing experiment system for the particle blockage fracture for researching the migration rule of the blocked particles in the fracture under the hydraulic pulse is developed, theoretical basis and experimental data are provided for optimizing the design of the underground coal mine field hydraulic pulse blockage removing technological parameters, and the system has important practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system and method for particles to block a fracture, which are used for researching the migration rule of the particles blocked in the fracture under a hydraulic pulse and can provide theoretical basis and experimental data for optimizing the design of the underground coal mine field hydraulic pulse blockage removal technological parameters.
In order to achieve the aim, the hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for blocking the fracture by the particles comprises a pulse water flow generation part, a fracture experiment part, a precipitation purification part, a backflow part and a data acquisition part;
the pulse water flow generating part comprises a pulse characteristic quantity control sub-part and a pipeline flow regulating sub-part; the pulse characteristic quantity control sub part comprises a water tank, a variable frequency water pump and a pulse characteristic quantity controller, the output end of the water tank is connected with the input end of the variable frequency water pump through a pipeline, the output end of the variable frequency water pump is connected with a pump pressure pipeline, and a frequency converter of the variable frequency water pump is electrically connected with the pulse characteristic quantity controller; the pipeline flow regulating part comprises an overflow valve and an electromagnetic flow regulating valve which are sequentially arranged on the pumping pressure pipeline, the overflow end of the overflow valve is connected with the input end of the water tank through the overflow pipeline, and the electromagnetic flow meter is arranged on the electromagnetic flow regulating valve;
the fracture experimental part comprises a front gradual change section, a flat fracture experimental section, a rear gradual change section and an outlet diffusion section which are sequentially connected; the flat crack experimental section is of a box structure with a flat structure inner cavity, the box structure is an opening and closing positioning installation structure which can be opened and closed up and closed and positioned, and the height size of the flat structure inner cavity is far smaller than the width size of the flat structure inner cavity; the longitudinal section of the inner cavity of the front gradual change section is a smooth gradual change structure which is transited from a circular structure to a flat structure from front to back, the front end of the front gradual change section is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the output end of the pumping pressure pipeline, and the back end of the front gradual change section is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the front end of the flat fracture experiment section; the longitudinal section of the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section is a smooth gradual change structure which is transited from a flat structure to a round structure from front to back, the front end of the rear gradual change section is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section, and the rear end of the rear gradual change section is hermetically and fixedly connected with the input end of the outlet diffusion section through a bent pipe; the outlet diffusion section is a shower head structure with an output end vertically arranged downwards; an input pressure test pipeline communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section is arranged on the front gradual change section, an input pressure sensor is arranged on the input pressure test pipeline, an output pressure test pipeline communicated with the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section is arranged on the rear gradual change section, an output pressure sensor is arranged on the output pressure test pipeline, a pressure difference test pipeline with two ends respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section and the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section is also arranged on the front gradual change section and the rear gradual change section, and a pressure difference sensor is arranged on the pressure difference test pipeline;
the precipitation purification part comprises a multistage precipitation purification box, the multistage precipitation purification box comprises a plurality of precipitation purification boxes which are sequentially arranged, a higher precipitation purification box is communicated and connected with a lower precipitation purification box through a communicating pipe arranged at the upper part of the higher precipitation purification box, the height sizes of the communicating pipes of the multistage precipitation purification boxes are sequentially reduced, a first precipitation purification box is arranged right below the output end of the outlet diffusion section in a bearing mode, and the lower part of a last precipitation purification box is provided with a water outlet;
the backflow part comprises a backflow pipeline of which the input end is connected with a water outlet of a final-stage precipitation purification box of the multi-stage precipitation purification box, and the output end of the backflow pipeline is connected with the input end of the water tank;
the data acquisition part comprises an industrial control computer and a data acquisition and storage loop, wherein the industrial control computer is respectively and electrically connected with the pulse characteristic quantity controller, the electromagnetic flow regulating valve, the electromagnetic flow meter, the input pressure sensor, the output pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a water injection ball valve is arranged on the pumping pressure pipeline behind the electromagnetic flow regulating valve and connected with a normal-pressure water source, and an exhaust valve communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section or the rear gradual change section is also arranged on the front gradual change section or the rear gradual change section; the bent pipe between the rear gradual change section and the outlet diffusion section is a coiled pipe structure which can be bent and positioned at will.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, the water injection ball valve and the exhaust valve are both of electromagnetic valve structures; the data acquisition part also comprises a slow-release water injection control loop, and the industrial control computer is respectively electrically connected with the water injection ball valve and the exhaust valve.
As a further improvement of the invention, the relationship between the length L of the front gradual change section and the Reynolds number of water flow in the fracture is as follows:
L＝10～40Re
in the formula: l is the length of the front gradual change section, m; Re-Reynolds number in fracture; v, the flow velocity of water flow in the fracture is m/s; d, fracture hydraulic diameter m; upsilon-water flow kinematic viscosity, m2S; A-Wet circumferential area in crack, m2(ii) a P-fissure wetted perimeter, m.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, a reflux pump is arranged on the reflux pipeline, and an electronic liquid level meter is arranged on a final-stage precipitation purification box of the multistage precipitation purification box; the data acquisition part also comprises a reflux control loop, and the industrial control computer is respectively electrically connected with the reflux pump and the electronic liquid level meter.
A hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment method for a fracture blocked by particles specifically comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of the experiment: opening a vertically-opened and vertically-opened flat fracture experimental section, then placing a target experimental fracture object, hermetically positioning and installing the vertically-opened and vertically-opened flat fracture experimental section into a whole, hermetically connecting and installing a front gradual change section and a rear gradual change section at the front end and the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section respectively, completing the overall assembly of a fracture experimental part after the rear end of the rear gradual change section is hermetically connected with an outlet diffusion section, weighing the whole of a multistage sedimentation purification box, recording and connecting pipelines and circuits;
b. controlling the pulse characteristic quantity: after the variable frequency water pump is started, the pulse characteristic controller is controlled by the industrial control computer to adjust and set water flow pulse pressure and frequency parameters, after the variable frequency water pump runs stably, the industrial control computer controls the flow of water in a crack to reach an experimental target working condition through the feedback control electromagnetic flow regulating valve of the electromagnetic flowmeter, then the industrial control computer processes and records experimental data according to the feedback of the input pressure sensor, the output pressure sensor and the differential pressure sensor, the water pumped by the variable frequency water pump pushes particulate matters in the target experimental crack to a multistage sedimentation and purification box for sedimentation through the target experimental crack, and water discharged by the multistage sedimentation and purification box flows back to the water tank through a return pipeline;
c. collecting and weighing particulate matters: wait that the data of input pressure sensor, output pressure sensor and differential pressure sensor feedback are stable at the settlement scope, and reach and close the frequency conversion water pump after setting for the experimental time, wholly dismantle multistage sediment purifying box, and weigh weight and record after drying to multistage sediment purifying box is whole, take the difference with the weight of multistage sediment purifying box after the experiment before will testing and take notes, accomplish whole experimentation.
As an embodiment of the invention, the target experimental fracture object is a 3D printing fracture model, a coal sample or a rock sample is scanned and modeled by a computer to generate a fracture modeling model, and then the 3D printing fracture model comprising a fracture top surface model and a fracture bottom surface model is generated by 3D printing; in the step a, after the vertically-opened and closed flat fracture experimental section is opened, the 3D printing fracture models of the fracture top surface model and the fracture bottom surface model are respectively installed on the top plane and the bottom plane of the inner cavity of the flat structure in a sealing and corresponding positioning mode, particulate matters with set specifications and weight are laid on the fracture bottom surface model, and then the vertically-opened and closed flat fracture experimental section is installed into a whole in a sealing and positioning mode.
As another embodiment of the invention, the target experimental fissure is a coal sample or a rock sample matched with the size of the inner cavity of the flat fissure experimental section; in the step a, after a vertically-opened and vertically-closed flat fracture experimental section is opened, a coal sample or a rock sample is placed, the vertically-opened and vertically-closed flat fracture experimental section is hermetically positioned and installed into a whole, the coal sample or the rock sample in the flat fracture experimental section is cracked, then the coal sample or the rock sample is scanned and subjected to computer modeling to generate a fracture modeling model, the fracture trend, the shape and the particle position of the coal sample or the rock sample are determined and recorded, then the front end and the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section are hermetically connected and installed with a front gradual change section and a rear gradual change section respectively, and the rear end of the rear gradual change section is hermetically connected with an outlet diffusion section, so that the overall assembly of a fracture experimental part is completed; and c, scanning the coal sample or the rock sample again, modeling by using a computer to generate a fracture modeling model, and determining and recording the fracture trend, the fracture morphology and the particle position of the coal sample or the rock sample.
As a further improvement scheme of the invention, in the step a, after the multi-stage sedimentation purification box is weighed and recorded and connected with each pipeline and circuit, the bent pipe of the serpentine pipe structure is adjusted to be bent upwards to form an arch, the top end of the arch is higher than the top plane of the front transition section, the flat fracture experiment section and the rear transition section, then the electromagnetic flow control valve is closed, the water injection ball valve and the exhaust valve are opened, water is slowly injected into the fracture experiment part through the water injection ball valve, after water flows out of the exhaust valve, the water injection ball valve and the exhaust valve are closed, the variable frequency water pump is started, the electromagnetic flow control valve is opened, and the bent pipe of the serpentine pipe structure is restored to be in a straight bent pipe structure.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water injection flow of the water injection ball valve is not more than 0.5m3/h。
Compared with the prior art, the hydraulic pulse blockage removing experiment system for the fracture blocked by the particles can be used for researching the migration rule of the particles blocked in the fracture under the hydraulic pulse, can set up the experiment condition that the particles are statically placed in the full pipe fracture before the experiment starts, can analyze the action mechanism of the pulse frequency, the amplitude and the fracture morphology of the hydraulic pulse on the starting of the particles deposited in the fracture, can determine the corresponding hydraulic pulse characteristic quantity according to different fracture types and morphologies, provides theoretical basis and experiment data for optimizing the design of the underground field hydraulic pulse blockage removing process parameters of the coal mine, and further reduces the engineering cost on the premise of improving the secondary permeability increasing effect of the fracture blocked by the particles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the experimental section of the flat fracture of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;
fig. 4 is a top view of fig. 2.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises a water tank, 2, a frequency converter, 3, a pulse characteristic quantity controller, 4, a variable frequency water pump, 5, an overflow valve, 6, an electromagnetic flow regulating valve, 7, an electromagnetic flow meter, 8, a water injection ball valve, 9, a flange plate, 10, an exhaust valve, 11, a front gradual change section, 12, a flat crack experiment section, 12-1, a flange plate, 12-2, an O-shaped gasket installation groove, 12-3, a bolt hole, 12-4, an installation groove, 12-5, a crack surface installation hole, 13, a rear gradual change section, 14, an outlet diffusion section, 15, an input pressure sensor, 16, a differential pressure sensor, 17, an output pressure sensor, 18, a multi-stage sedimentation purification box, 19, a check valve, 20 and an industrial control computer.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings (hereinafter, the left side direction of fig. 1 will be referred to as the front direction).
As shown in figure 1, the hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for blocking the fracture by the particles comprises a pulse water flow generation part, a fracture experiment part, a precipitation purification part, a backflow part and a data acquisition part.
The pulse water flow generating part comprises a pulse characteristic quantity control sub-part and a pipeline flow regulating sub-part; the pulse characteristic quantity control sub-part comprises a water tank 1, a variable frequency water pump 4 and a pulse characteristic quantity controller 3, the output end of the water tank 1 is connected with the input end of the variable frequency water pump 4 through a pipeline, the output end of the variable frequency water pump 4 is connected with a pumping pressure pipeline, and a frequency converter 2 of the variable frequency water pump 4 is electrically connected with the pulse characteristic quantity controller 3; the pipeline flow regulation subsection comprises an overflow valve 5 and an electromagnetic flow regulation valve 6 which are sequentially installed on a pumping pressure pipeline, the overflow end of the overflow valve 5 is connected with the input end of the water tank 1 through the overflow pipeline, and an electromagnetic flowmeter 7 is arranged on the electromagnetic flow regulation valve 6.
As shown in fig. 2, the experimental section of the fracture comprises a front gradual change section 11, a flat experimental section 12, a rear gradual change section 13 and an outlet diffusion section 14 which are connected in sequence; the flat fracture experimental section 12 is a box-shaped structure with a flat structure inner cavity, as shown in fig. 3, the height dimension of the flat structure inner cavity is far smaller than the width dimension of the flat structure inner cavity, a fracture with uniform fracture width can be directly simulated through the flat structure inner cavity, in order to truly reflect the fracture shape, the flat fracture experimental section 12 is an opening and closing positioning installation structure which can be opened and closed up and closed and positioned, as shown in fig. 4, installation grooves 12-4 which are arranged along the front and back direction can be arranged on the top plane and the bottom plane of the flat structure inner cavity, a fracture model comprising a fracture top surface model and a fracture bottom surface model can be generated through 3D printing after the real fracture is scanned and modeled by a computer, and the fracture top surface model and the fracture bottom surface model are respectively positioned and installed in the flat structure inner cavity in a sealing and corresponding mode through fracture surface installation holes 12-5 arranged on the installation grooves 12-4, the front end and the rear end of the flat crack experimental section 12 are respectively provided with a flange plate 12-1, and an O-shaped gasket mounting groove 12-2 provided with an O-shaped gasket is formed in the flange plate 12-1; the longitudinal section of the inner cavity of the front gradual change section 11 is a smooth gradual change structure which is transited from a circular structure to a flat structure from front to back, the front end of the front gradual change section 11 is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the output end of a pumping pressure pipeline through a flange plate 9, and the back end of the front gradual change section 11 is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the front end of a flat fracture experimental section 12 through a bolt hole 12-3 on a flange plate 12-1 and an O-shaped gasket; the longitudinal section of the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section 13 is a smooth gradual change structure which is transited from a flat structure to a circular structure from front to back, the front end of the rear gradual change section 13 is fixedly installed and connected with the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section 12 in a sealing way through a bolt hole 12-3 on a flange plate 12-1 and an O-shaped gasket, and the rear end of the rear gradual change section 13 is fixedly connected with the input end of an outlet diffusion section 14 in a sealing way through a bent pipe; the outlet diffusion section 14 is a shower head structure with an output end vertically arranged downwards; an input pressure testing pipeline communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section 11 is arranged on the front gradual change section 11, an input pressure sensor 15 is arranged on the input pressure testing pipeline, an output pressure testing pipeline communicated with the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section 13 is arranged on the rear gradual change section 13, an output pressure sensor 17 is arranged on the output pressure testing pipeline, a pressure difference testing pipeline with two ends respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section 11 and the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section 13 is further arranged on the front gradual change section 11 and the rear gradual change section 13, and a pressure difference sensor 16 is arranged on the pressure difference testing pipeline.
The sediment purification part include multistage sediment purifying box 18, multistage sediment purifying box 18 includes a plurality of sediment purifying boxes that set gradually, higher level sediment purifying box through set up communicating pipe and the subordinate of its upper portion deposit purifying box intercommunication be connected, and multistage sediment purifying box 18's communicating pipe's height dimension reduces the setting in proper order, the first level sediment purifying box accepts and sets up under the output of export diffuser 14, the lower part of last stage sediment purifying box is equipped with the outlet.
The reflux part comprises a reflux pipeline of which the input end is connected with a water outlet of a final-stage precipitation purification box of the multi-stage precipitation purification box 18, the output end of the reflux pipeline is connected with the input end of the water tank 1, and a reflux pump and a check valve 19 are arranged on the reflux pipeline.
The data acquisition part comprises an industrial control computer 20 and a data acquisition and storage loop, wherein the industrial control computer 20 is respectively and electrically connected with the pulse characteristic quantity controller 3, the electromagnetic flow regulating valve 6, the electromagnetic flow meter 7, the input pressure sensor 15, the output pressure sensor 17 and the differential pressure sensor 16.
Before a hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for blocking a crack by using the particles is used for carrying out blockage removal experiments, coal samples or rock samples can be scanned and subjected to computer modeling to generate a crack modeling model, then a 3D printing crack model comprising a crack top surface model and a crack bottom surface model is generated through 3D printing, after a vertically-opened and closed flat crack experiment section 12 is opened, the 3D printing crack models of the crack top surface model and the crack bottom surface model are respectively and correspondingly positioned and installed on a top plane and a bottom plane of an inner cavity of a flat structure in a sealing way, after particles such as coal particles, rock particles, coal-rock particle mixture and the like with set specification and weight are laid on the crack bottom surface model, the vertically-opened and closed flat crack experiment section 12 is positioned and installed into a whole in a sealing way, then the front gradual change section 11 and the rear gradual change section 13 are respectively and hermetically connected and installed at the front end and the rear end of the flat crack experiment section 12, the whole assembly of the crack experiment part is completed after the rear end of the rear gradual change section 13 is hermetically connected with the outlet diffusion section 14, the multistage sedimentation purification box 18 is integrally weighed and recorded, and then all pipelines and circuits are connected, so that the experiment can be carried out; after the variable frequency water pump 4 is started, the pulse characteristic controller 3 is controlled by the industrial control computer 20 to adjust and set water flow pulse pressure and frequency parameters, after the variable frequency water pump 4 operates stably, the industrial control computer 20 controls the flow of water in a crack to reach an experimental target working condition through the feedback control electromagnetic flow regulating valve 6 of the electromagnetic flow meter 7, then the industrial control computer 20 processes and records experimental data according to the feedback of the input pressure sensor 15, the output pressure sensor 17 and the differential pressure sensor 16, water pumped by the variable frequency water pump 4 flows through a crack model, particulate matters in the crack model can be discharged into the multistage sedimentation purification box 18 along with the water flow to be precipitated, and the water discharged by the multistage sedimentation purification box 18 flows back to the water tank 1 through the reflux pump and the reflux pipeline; and (3) after the data fed back by the input pressure sensor 15, the output pressure sensor 17 and the differential pressure sensor 16 are stabilized in a set range and reach a set experimental time, closing the variable frequency water pump 4, integrally disassembling the multi-stage precipitation purification box 18, drying the whole multi-stage precipitation purification box 18, weighing and recording the weight, and recording the difference value of the weight of the multi-stage precipitation purification box 18 before and after the experiment to complete the whole experimental process.
In order to truly reflect the influence of the material and the fracture form of the coal sample or the rock sample on the characteristic quantity of the deblocking pulse, after the flat fracture experimental section 12 which can be opened and closed up and down is opened, the coal sample or the rock sample which is matched with the size of the inner cavity of the flat fracture experimental section 12 is placed in the flat fracture experimental section 12, the flat fracture experimental section 12 which can be opened and closed up and down is sealed, positioned and installed into a whole, because the front end and the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section 12 are of an open structure, the flat fracture experimental section 12 containing the coal sample or the rock sample can be subjected to fracture in a Brazilian fracture test or a pulse pressurization fracture test mode, then the coal sample or the rock sample is scanned and subjected to computer modeling to generate a fracture modeling model, the fracture trend, the form and the particle position of the coal sample or the rock sample are determined and recorded, then the front end and the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section 12 are respectively connected and installed with the front gradual change section 11 and the rear gradual change section 13 in a sealing mode, and the fracture modeling model is carried out, and the fracture model is carried out, The rear end of the rear gradual change section 13 is hermetically connected with the outlet diffusion section 14 to complete the integral assembly of the crack experiment part, and the experiment can be directly carried out without additionally placing particles. And after the experiment is finished, scanning the coal sample or the rock sample again, modeling by using a computer to generate a fracture modeling model, and determining and recording the fracture trend, the fracture morphology and the particle position of the coal sample or the rock sample.
The flow velocity of water has important influence on the starting rule of particles in the experiment, and in order to realize the rapid quantification of the flow velocity of water in the experiment process, the fracture needs to be kept in a state of being filled with water before the experiment begins, so that as a further improvement scheme of the invention, a water injection ball valve is arranged on the pumping pressure pipeline behind the electromagnetic flow regulating valve 68, the water injection ball valve 8 is connected with a normal pressure water source, and the front gradual change section 11 or the rear gradual change section 13 is also provided with an exhaust valve 10 communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section; the bend between the rear transition section 13 and the outlet diffuser section 14 is a serpentine structure that can be positioned at will. After the crack experimental part is integrally assembled in the system, the bent pipe of the serpentine pipe structure is adjusted to be bent upwards to form an arch, the top end of the arch is higher than the top planes of the front gradual change section 11, the flat crack experimental section 12 and the rear gradual change section 13, then the electromagnetic flow regulating valve 6 is closed, the water injection ball valve 8 and the exhaust valve 10 are opened, water is slowly injected into the crack experimental part through the water injection ball valve 8, because the arched top end of the bent pipe which is bent upwards in an arched shape is arranged higher than the top planes of the front gradual change section 11, the flat fracture experimental section 12 and the rear gradual change section 13, therefore, the water injected from the water injection ball valve 8 can naturally flow and gradually keep the crack in a state of being filled with water, after the exhaust valve 10 has water flowing out, and closing the water injection ball valve 8 and the exhaust valve 10, and recovering the bent pipe of the serpentine pipe structure to be a straight bent pipe structure, wherein the straight bent pipe structure can avoid the particulate matters from being deposited at the rear end of the rear gradual change section 13. In order to avoid the stripping of the particles in the flat crack experimental section 12, the water injection flow of the water injection ball valve 8 is not more than 0.5m3H is used as the reference value. The water injection ball valve 8 and the exhaust valve 10 can adopt electromagnetic valves, the water injection ball valve 8 and the exhaust valve 10 are electrically connected with the industrial control computer 20, and the opening and closing of the water injection ball valve 8 and the exhaust valve 10 are controlled by the industrial control computer 20.
The transition of the water flow from the circular pipe of the pumping pressure pipeline to the flat structure needs a certain distance to ensure that the state of the water flow flowing through the fracture reaches a stable state, so as to serve as a further improvement scheme of the invention, the relationship between the length of the front gradual change section 11 and the Reynolds number of the water flow in the fracture is as follows:
L＝10～40Re
in the formula: l is the length of the front gradual change section, m; Re-Reynolds number in fracture; v, the flow velocity of water flow in the fracture is m/s; d, fracture hydraulic diameter m; upsilon-water flow kinematic viscosity, m2S; A-Wet circumferential area in crack, m2(ii) a P-fissure wetted perimeter, m.
The water discharged from the water outlet of the multi-stage precipitation purification box 18 can directly flow back to the water tank 1 through the return pipeline by self gravity, a return pump can be arranged on the return pipeline, the water flows back to the water tank 1 through the pump pressure of the return pump, and the pump pressure and the pulse frequency of the variable frequency water pump 4 are relatively small, so that the accumulated water speed in the final-stage precipitation purification box of the multi-stage precipitation purification box 18 is relatively slow, and therefore when the mode of flowing back to the water tank 1 through the pump pressure of the return pump is adopted, an electronic liquid level meter can be arranged on the final-stage precipitation purification box, the return pump and the electronic liquid level meter are respectively and electrically connected with the industrial control computer 20, and the industrial control computer 20 can control the opening and closing of the return pump through the feedback of the electronic liquid level meter.
Claims (10)
1. A hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for a fracture blocked by particles is characterized by comprising a pulse water flow generation part, a fracture experiment part, a precipitation purification part, a backflow part and a data acquisition part;
the pulse water flow generating part comprises a pulse characteristic quantity control sub-part and a pipeline flow regulating sub-part; the pulse characteristic quantity control sub-part comprises a water tank (1), a variable frequency water pump (4) and a pulse characteristic quantity controller (3), the output end of the water tank (1) is connected with the input end of the variable frequency water pump (4) through a pipeline, the output end of the variable frequency water pump (4) is connected with a pumping pressure pipeline, and a frequency converter (2) of the variable frequency water pump (4) is electrically connected with the pulse characteristic quantity controller (3); the pipeline flow regulating part comprises an overflow valve (5) and an electromagnetic flow regulating valve (6) which are sequentially arranged on the pumping pressure pipeline, the overflow end of the overflow valve (5) is connected with the input end of the water tank (1) through an overflow pipeline, and the electromagnetic flow meter (7) is arranged on the electromagnetic flow regulating valve (6);
the fracture experimental part comprises a front gradual change section (11), a flat fracture experimental section (12), a rear gradual change section (13) and an outlet diffusion section (14) which are sequentially connected; the flat crack experimental section (12) is of a box-type structure with a flat structure inner cavity, the box-type structure is an opening and closing positioning installation structure which can be opened and closed up and closed and positioned, and the height dimension of the flat structure inner cavity is far smaller than the width dimension of the flat structure inner cavity; the longitudinal section of the inner cavity of the front gradual change section (11) is a smooth gradual change structure which is changed into a flat structure from a circular structure from front to back, the front end of the front gradual change section (11) is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the output end of a pumping pressure pipeline, and the rear end of the front gradual change section (11) is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the front end of a flat fracture experiment section (12); the longitudinal section of the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section (13) is a smooth gradual change structure which is transited from a flat structure to a round structure from front to back, the front end of the rear gradual change section (13) is hermetically and fixedly installed and connected with the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section (12), and the rear end of the rear gradual change section (13) is hermetically and fixedly connected with the input end of the outlet diffusion section (14) through a bent pipe; the outlet diffusion section (14) is a shower head structure with the output end vertically arranged downwards; an input pressure testing pipeline communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section (11) is arranged on the front gradual change section, an input pressure sensor (15) is arranged on the input pressure testing pipeline, an output pressure testing pipeline communicated with the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section is arranged on the rear gradual change section (13), an output pressure sensor (17) is arranged on the output pressure testing pipeline, a pressure difference testing pipeline with two ends respectively communicated with the inner cavity of the front gradual change section (11) and the inner cavity of the rear gradual change section (13) is further arranged on the front gradual change section (11) and the rear gradual change section (13), and a pressure difference sensor (16) is arranged on the pressure difference testing pipeline;
the precipitation purification part comprises a multi-stage precipitation purification box (18), the multi-stage precipitation purification box (18) comprises a plurality of precipitation purification boxes which are arranged in sequence, a higher-level precipitation purification box is communicated and connected with a lower-level precipitation purification box through a communicating pipe arranged at the upper part of the higher-level precipitation purification box, the height sizes of the communicating pipes of the multi-stage precipitation purification box (18) are reduced and arranged in sequence, a first-level precipitation purification box is arranged right below the output end of the outlet diffusion section (14), and a water outlet is arranged at the lower part of a last-level precipitation purification box;
the backflow part comprises a backflow pipeline of which the input end is connected with a water outlet of a final-stage precipitation purification box of the multi-stage precipitation purification box (18), and the output end of the backflow pipeline is connected with the input end of the water tank (1);
the data acquisition part comprises an industrial control computer (20) and a data acquisition and storage loop, wherein the industrial control computer (20) is respectively and electrically connected with the pulse characteristic quantity controller (3), the electromagnetic flow regulating valve (6), the electromagnetic flow meter (7), the input pressure sensor (15), the output pressure sensor (17) and the differential pressure sensor (16).
2. The hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for the fracture blocked by the particles according to claim 1, wherein a water injection ball valve (8) is arranged on a pumping pressure pipeline behind the electromagnetic flow regulating valve (6), the water injection ball valve (8) is connected with a normal-pressure water source, and an exhaust valve (10) communicated with an inner cavity of the front gradual change section (11) or the rear gradual change section (13) is further arranged on the front gradual change section or the rear gradual change section; the bend between the rear gradual change section (13) and the outlet diffusion section (14) is a serpentine pipe structure which can be bent and positioned at will.
3. The hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for the cracks blocked by the particles as claimed in claim 2, wherein the water injection ball valve (8) and the exhaust valve (10) are both of electromagnetic valve structures; the data acquisition part also comprises a slow-release water injection control loop, and an industrial control computer (20) is respectively and electrically connected with the water injection ball valve (8) and the exhaust valve (10).
4. A hydraulic pulse blockage relieving experimental system for blocking a fissure according to the particulate matters in claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the relation between the length L of the front gradual change section (11) and the reynolds number of water flow in the fissure is as follows:
L＝10～40Re
in the formula: l is the length of the front gradual change section, m; re-Reynolds number in the fracture; v, the flow velocity of water flow in the fracture is m/s; d, fracture hydraulic diameter m; upsilon-water flow kinematic viscosity, m2S; A-Wet circumferential area in crack, m2(ii) a P-fissure wetted perimeter, m.
5. The hydraulic pulse blockage removal experiment system for the particle blockage cracks according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein a reflux pump is arranged on the return pipeline, and an electronic liquid level meter is arranged on a final-stage precipitation purification box of the multistage precipitation purification box (18); the data acquisition part also comprises a reflux control loop, and the industrial control computer (20) is respectively electrically connected with the reflux pump and the electronic liquid level meter.
6. The hydraulic pulse blockage relieving experimental method for the hydraulic pulse blockage relieving experimental system of the fracture blocked by the particles according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a. preparation of the experiment: after a vertically-opened and vertically-opened flat fracture experiment section (12) is opened, a target experiment fracture object is placed, then the vertically-opened and vertically-opened flat fracture experiment section (12) is hermetically positioned and installed into a whole, then the front end and the rear end of the flat fracture experiment section (12) are respectively hermetically connected and installed with a front gradual change section (11) and a rear gradual change section (13), the rear end of the rear gradual change section (13) is hermetically connected with an outlet diffusion section (14), then the whole assembly of a fracture experiment part is completed, a multistage sedimentation purification box (18) is integrally weighed and recorded, and then all pipelines and circuits are connected;
b. controlling the pulse characteristic quantity: after the variable frequency water pump (4) is started, the pulse characteristic controller (3) is controlled by the industrial control computer (20) to adjust and set water flow pulse pressure and frequency parameters, after the variable frequency water pump (4) operates stably, the industrial control computer (20) controls the flow of water flow in the crack to reach an experimental target working condition through the feedback control electromagnetic flow regulating valve (6) of the electromagnetic flow meter (7), then an industrial control computer (20) processes and records experimental data according to the feedback of an input pressure sensor (15), an output pressure sensor (17) and a differential pressure sensor (16), the water pumped by a variable frequency water pump (4) pushes particulate matters in a target experiment fissure object to a multi-stage precipitation purification box (18) through the target experiment fissure object for precipitation, and the water discharged by the multi-stage precipitation purification box (18) flows back to a water tank (1) through a return pipeline;
c. collecting and weighing particulate matters: wait that the data of input pressure sensor (15), output pressure sensor (17) and differential pressure sensor (16) feedback are stable at the settlement scope, and reach and close frequency conversion water pump (4) after setting for the experimental time, wholly dismantle multistage sediment purifying box (18), and weigh weight and record after drying to multistage sediment purifying box (18) is whole, get the difference with the weight of multistage sediment purifying box (18) after the experiment before will the experiment and take notes, accomplish whole experimentation.
7. The hydraulic pulse blockage relieving experimental method for the fracture blocked by the particulate matters as claimed in claim 6, wherein the target experimental fracture object is a 3D printed fracture model, a coal sample or a rock sample is scanned and computer-modeled to generate a fracture modeling model, and then a 3D printed fracture model comprising a fracture top surface model and a fracture bottom surface model is generated through 3D printing;
in the step a, after the vertically-opened and closed flat fracture experimental section (12) is opened, the 3D printing fracture models of the fracture top surface model and the fracture bottom surface model are respectively installed on the top plane and the bottom plane of the inner cavity of the flat structure in a sealing and corresponding positioning mode, after the particulate matters with set specifications and weight are laid on the fracture bottom surface model, the vertically-opened and closed flat fracture experimental section (12) is installed into a whole in a sealing and positioning mode.
8. The hydraulic pulse unblocking experimental method for a fracture blocked by particles according to claim 6, wherein the target experimental fracture is a coal sample or a rock sample matched with the inner cavity size of the flat fracture experimental section (12);
in the step a, after a vertically-opened and vertically-closed flat fracture experimental section (12) is opened, a coal sample or a rock sample is placed, after the vertically-opened and vertically-closed flat fracture experimental section (12) is hermetically positioned and installed into a whole, firstly, after the coal sample or the rock sample in the flat fracture experimental section (12) is fractured, the coal sample or the rock sample is scanned and subjected to computer modeling to generate a fracture modeling model, after fracture trend, shape and particle position of the coal sample or the rock sample are determined and recorded, the front end and the rear end of the flat fracture experimental section (12) are respectively hermetically connected and installed with a front gradual change section (11) and a rear gradual change section (13), and the rear end of the rear gradual change section (13) is hermetically connected with an outlet diffusion section (14), so that the overall assembly of a fracture experimental part is completed;
and c, scanning the coal sample or the rock sample again, modeling by using a computer to generate a fracture modeling model, and determining and recording the fracture trend, the fracture morphology and the particle position of the coal sample or the rock sample.
9. The hydraulic pulse unblocking experimental method for the fracture blocked by the particles according to claim 6, 7 or 8, wherein a water injection ball valve (8) is arranged on the pumping pipeline behind the electromagnetic flow control valve (6), the water injection ball valve (8) is connected with a normal pressure water source, and an exhaust valve (10) communicated with an inner cavity of the front gradual change section (11) or the rear gradual change section (13) is further arranged on the front gradual change section or the rear gradual change section; the bent pipe between the rear gradual change section (13) and the outlet diffusion section (14) is a coiled pipe structure which can be bent and positioned at will;
in the step a, weigh and record multistage sediment purifying box (18) is whole, after each pipeline and circuit are connected, adjust earlier the return bend of snakelike tubular structure and make its kickup be the arch, and the arch top is higher than leading transition (11), the top plane setting of flat crack experiment section (12) and rearmounted transition (13), then close electromagnetic flow control valve (6), open water injection ball valve (8) and discharge valve (10), slowly to the interior water injection of crack experiment portion through water injection ball valve (8), treat that discharge valve (10) have rivers to go out the back, close water injection ball valve (8) and discharge valve (10), start variable frequency water pump (4), open electromagnetic flow control valve (6) and resume the return bend that is snakelike tubular structure to be straight bent tubular structure.
10. Hydraulic pulse blockage relieving experimental method for cracks blocked by particles according to claim 9, wherein the water injection flow of the water injection ball valve (8) is not more than 0.5m3/h。
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