CN112709977A

CN112709977A - Steam drum and waste heat boiler

Info

Publication number: CN112709977A
Application number: CN202110067981.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卢健; 陈兆; 董超; 张海艳; 钱丽
Original assignee: Nanjing Jutuo Chemical Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Jutuo Chemical Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-01-19
Filing date: 2021-01-19
Publication date: 2021-04-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a steam drum, which comprises: the steam generator comprises a first shell extending along the vertical direction, wherein a water discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the first shell, and a steam port is arranged at the top of the first shell; the inner cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity of the first shell, the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a water inlet pipe, and the top of the inner cylinder is formed into an overflow port; the steam-water separator is positioned in the first shell and above the overflow port, and a steam separation port at the top of the steam-water separator is communicated with a steam port; a flow guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of the steam-water separator, and liquid discharged by the flow guide pipe flows into an annular cavity between the first shell and the inner cylinder; the water outlet is communicated with the annular cavity; a water replenishing pipe is arranged on the first shell. The application also discloses a waste heat boiler adopting the steam drum. The steam drum is a vertical tank with a double-layer structure, and the double-layer structure isolates saturated water which enters the steam drum and contains steam and needs to be discharged out of the steam drum, so that the heat transfer efficiency is increased.

Description

Steam drum and waste heat boiler

Technical Field

The invention relates to a steam drum and a waste heat boiler.

Background

In the synthetic ammonia industry, a large amount of reaction heat is generated in the reaction process of synthesis gas, a preheating boiler is generally adopted to recover the reaction heat, a steam drum is utilized to carry out flash evaporation on hot water so as to produce steam, in order to ensure the continuity of production, fresh soft water needs to be continuously supplemented into the steam drum while the steam is produced, and the normal production of the steam can be influenced due to the lower temperature of the supplemented fresh water.

In addition, in order to absorb the reaction heat, a special heat exchanger is required to exchange heat, a tubular heat exchanger is generally adopted to exchange heat, and as the synthesis gas has a high temperature and contains high-concentration hydrogen, in order to ensure the safe operation of the heat exchanger, the equipment needs to be made of high-temperature-resistant and strong-hydrogen-corrosion-resistant materials, so that the manufacturing cost of the heat exchanger is high, the maintenance cost of the equipment is also high, and the purchase cost of the reaction heat recovery device is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention firstly proposes a steam drum, which comprises:

the first shell extends along the vertical direction, a water discharge port is arranged at the lower part of the first shell, and a steam port is arranged at the top of the first shell;

the inner cylinder is positioned in the inner cavity of the first shell, the bottom of the inner cylinder is provided with a water inlet pipe, the water inlet pipe downwards penetrates through the shell to form a water inlet, and the top of the inner cylinder is open and forms an overflow port;

the steam-water separator is positioned in the first shell and above the overflow port, the top of the steam-water separator is provided with a steam separation port, and the steam separation port is communicated with a steam port of the shell; a flow guide pipe is arranged at the bottom of the steam-water separator, and liquid discharged by the flow guide pipe can flow into an annular cavity between the first shell and the inner cylinder;

the water outlet is communicated with the annular cavity; and a water replenishing pipe for replenishing water into the annular cavity is arranged on the first shell.

The steam pocket in this application is a bilayer structure's vertical jar, specifically has set up an inner tube for the inside at first shell, and this inner tube is used for holding the saturated water that contains that the heat exchanger returns specially, and the saturated water after the desorption steam is discharged the back from the overflow mouth at inner tube top, discharges and enter into the heat exchanger from the annular chamber between inner tube and the first shell in. The double-layer structure isolates saturated water which enters the steam drum and needs to be discharged from the steam drum when the steam is saturated, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved.

The water replenishing pipe replenishes water into the annular cavity, so that the supplemented water is prevented from being directly added into the steam-containing saturated water returned from the heat exchanger, and the steam output can be effectively improved.

Further, at least two layers of rotational flow plates are arranged in the inner barrel, and the at least two layers of rotational flow plates are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction. Preferably, the rotational directions of the swirl plates are the same.

The rotational flow plate is used for stirring the water body rising along the inner barrel, so that the rising water body is changed into a mixed flow type or a bubble flow type from a piston flow type, and the piston flow type is that the water body is in a laminar flow state in the rising process, and the whole water body moves upwards and is similar to a piston. The 'mixed flow pattern' is that the positions of water bodies in all areas along the horizontal direction are mutually exchanged during the ascending process of water flow, and the water flow is similar to turbulent flow. The bubble flow pattern is that the water body in the application can become steam-containing hot water, the water body contains a large amount of steam, and the steam in the water body can move upwards quickly in the rising process of the water body and generate a certain amount of bubbles which are similar to boiling.

When the water rises in the inner tube, because there is not extra stirring, the water is in laminar flow state basically, be similar to a piston along inner tube rebound, steam in the water can gather, form the steam group, when steam gathers to a certain degree, can upwards accelerated motion suddenly, because the rebound in-process, pressure reduces fast, steam can sharp inflation, produce huge vibrations, can produce great vibrations to inner tube and whole steam pocket, weak point to equipment produces huge impact, lead to the fact very big hidden danger to the safety in production of equipment.

Utilize the whirl board, not only can make the water in the in-process that rises, produce rotatoryly, but also can cut the steam group of gathering together, avoid producing great steam group, make steam can rise to the overflow mouth of inner tube steadily, then emit from the water, become steam, in addition, the whirl board also can be with higher speed the steam in the water and deviate from fast, reduce the steam volume that carries in the overflow mouth discharge water.

Further, the first shell comprises a shell body extending along the vertical direction, the shell body comprises an upper shell body, a lower shell body positioned below the upper shell body and a conical part arranged between the upper shell body and the lower shell body, and the conical part connects the upper shell body and the lower shell body into a whole; the inner diameter of the upper shell is larger than that of the lower shell, and the large end of the conical part faces upwards;

an annular pipe is arranged in an annular cavity between the inner cylinder and the first shell, the water replenishing pipe is communicated with the annular pipe, and a plurality of water supply nozzles are arranged on the lower side of the annular pipe; the water sprayed by the water supply nozzle can enter a conical annular cavity with a conical section between the conical part and the inner cylinder; the overflow port extends upwardly beyond the feed water nozzle.

After the conical annular cavity is arranged, hot water is discharged from the overflow port and enters the annular cavity and downwards passes through the annular conical cavity, the flowing area is reduced, the water flow speed is increased, a negative pressure area can be generated above the annular conical cavity, and soft water sprayed out from the water supply nozzle can be quickly mixed into the original hot water, so that a low-temperature area is prevented from being generated in the annular conical cavity. If the annular cavity with the same upper and lower cross sections is adopted, soft water sprayed from the water supply nozzles can form a low-temperature water area in the annular cavity and is gradually mixed into the original hot water, so that the expansion and contraction of structural members in corresponding areas are different, internal stress is generated, and the safe operation of equipment is not facilitated. In addition, because the water supply nozzle is arranged, soft water entering the steam drum is in a fog shape, the soft water can be quickly and uniformly mixed into the existing water body in the steam drum, and a cold water area is avoided.

The steam-water separator comprises a bottom plate and a steam-water separation part arranged on the bottom plate, the guide pipe is arranged on the bottom plate, and the outlet of the guide pipe downwards exceeds the overflow port of the inner cylinder; a water vapor inlet is formed on the steam-water separation part; in the vertical direction, the projection of the bottom plate covers the overflow opening.

The hot water separated from the steam-water separator is collected on the bottom plate and then flows into the annular cavity along the guide pipe, and the projection of the bottom plate covers the overflow port, so that the separated hot water can be effectively prevented from entering the inner cylinder and influencing the evaporation of water vapor in the inner cylinder.

Secondly, the application also discloses a waste heat boiler, which comprises any steam drum and a superheater, wherein the superheater comprises a second shell, the second shell comprises a cylinder body, a sealing flat cover arranged at one end of the cylinder body and a tube plate arranged at the other end of the cylinder body, a protruding cover is arranged on one side of the tube plate, which is far away from the sealing flat cover, a refrigerant cavity is formed between the protruding cover and the tube plate, and a partition plate is arranged in the protruding cover and divides the refrigerant cavity into a liquid inlet cavity and a liquid outlet cavity which are not communicated with each other; a heat transfer medium inlet communicated with the liquid inlet cavity and a heat transfer medium outlet communicated with the liquid outlet cavity are arranged on the protruding cover;

the inner cavity of the second shell is divided into a heat exchange area and a high-temperature area, wherein the heat exchange area faces one side of the tube plate, the high-temperature area faces one side of the sealing flat cover, a heat insulation cylinder and a high-temperature internal header which are mutually communicated are arranged in the second shell, the high-temperature internal header is positioned in the high-temperature area, the heat insulation cylinder is positioned in the heat exchange area, and the high-temperature internal header, the heat insulation cylinder and the shell are directly spaced;

a U-shaped heat exchange tube is arranged in the heat insulation cylinder, and two ends of the U-shaped heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet cavity and the liquid outlet cavity through the tube plate; one end of the heat insulation cylinder facing the tube plate is an open end, and a communicating part for communicating the inside and the outside of the heat insulation cylinder is arranged between the open end and the tube plate;

a gas inlet pipe and a gas outlet pipe are arranged in the area of the cylinder body corresponding to the high-temperature area, wherein the gas inlet pipe is communicated with the high-temperature internal header, and the gas outlet pipe is communicated with the shell pass of the cylinder body;

the water outlet of the steam drum is communicated with the heat transfer medium inlet through a descending pipe, and the water inlet is communicated with the heat transfer medium outlet through an ascending pipe.

In the waste heat boiler, the superheater is additionally arranged on the basis of the steam drum, the superheater is provided with a protruding cover on the outer side of the second shell, and a cavity between the protruding cover and the tube plate is used as an inlet and an outlet of a heat exchange medium, so that the shell pass of the second shell is only used for circulating synthesis gas, and the second shell is conveniently in a proper structural form. Because the shell pass of the second shell is only used for circulating the synthesis gas, and the high-temperature synthesizer firstly enters the heat insulation cylinder for heat exchange, the low-temperature synthesizer completing the heat exchange contacts the inner wall of the second shell, thereby effectively reducing the corrosivity of the hydrogen in the synthesis gas, being beneficial to reducing the hydrogen corrosion resistance grade of the material used by the second shell and reducing the manufacturing cost of the equipment.

Further, a sealing diaphragm gasket is arranged between the flat cover and the cylinder in a gasket mode, the flat cover and the inner cavity of the cylinder are completely isolated by the sealing diaphragm gasket, and a first sealing surface formed by Inconel600 material overlaying welding is arranged on the end face, facing the flat cover, of the cylinder. The sealing diaphragm pad is adopted, so that the flat cover can be prevented from directly contacting with synthesis gas, the requirement of hydrogen corrosion resistance of the flat cover is lowered, and only the temperature resistance of the flat cover is considered, so that the manufacturing cost of the flat cover is lowered, the sealing diaphragm pad is made of a material with better corrosion resistance, and the sealing diaphragm pad can be conveniently replaced.

Specifically, the sealing membrane gasket material is made of 321SS stainless steel material. The flat cover is made of 1Cr5Mo alloy steel material.

In order to further reduce the temperature of the cylinder body, the outer peripheral surface of the heat insulation cylinder is wrapped with a heat insulation layer, and an annular gap is formed between the heat insulation layer and the inner wall of the cylinder body. Preferably, the distance between the outer surface of the heat-insulating layer and the inner wall of the cylinder body is 80-120 mm. So as to ensure sufficient airflow channel and ensure that the synthesis gas can enter the gas outlet pipe through the annular space between the heat-insulating layer and the cylinder body.

Further, the cylinder body comprises a heat exchange cylinder and a high-temperature cylinder which are welded together, wherein the high-temperature cylinder is positioned at one end of the heat exchange cylinder, which faces the sealing flat cover, the heat exchange cylinder is formed by a plurality of steel cylinders which are coaxially sleeved together, and the adjacent steel cylinders are overlapped together;

the high-temperature cylinder is provided with a first connecting end surface used for connecting one end of the heat exchange cylinder, and the tube plate is provided with a second connecting end surface used for connecting the other end of the heat exchange cylinder; this first connection terminal surface is from inside to outside and extends towards the direction slope of keeping away from the second connection terminal surface, and this second connection terminal surface is from inside to outside towards the direction slope of keeping away from first connection terminal surface and extends.

At least the innermost steel cylinder is made of a different material from the remaining steel cylinders. In one embodiment, the innermost steel cylinder may be made of 12Cr2Mo1R alloy steel, and the remaining steel cylinders may be made of Q345R alloy steel to reduce the manufacturing cost of the apparatus.

The cylinder body is divided into a heat exchange cylinder and a high-temperature cylinder, and different materials can be adopted for manufacturing according to the specific temperature of the area where the cylinder body is located, so that the cost is reasonably controlled. In addition, a plurality of steel cylinders are adopted to manufacture the heat exchange cylinder, different materials can be adopted to manufacture different steel cylinders, the innermost steel cylinder is manufactured by adopting a material which is resistant to both high temperature and hydrogen corrosion, and the material for manufacturing other steel cylinders only needs to be resistant to high temperature and does not need to be resistant to hydrogen corrosion, so that the material cost of the equipment is reduced.

For the convenience of welding, the first end face and the second end face are both arranged to be inclined faces, so that the length of each steel cylinder is gradually increased from inside to outside, the natural inclined faces of the first end face and the second end face are used as welding faces, a welding groove is not required to be additionally arranged, therefore, at least part of the steel cylinders can be welded on the first end face and the second end face on the outer side of equipment, even if the welding seams of the part of the steel cylinders and the first end face and the second end face towards the radial outer side, the operation space of workers can be increased, the welding quality can be favorably guaranteed, and the welding seams can be conveniently trimmed.

Specifically, when the waste heat boiler works, synthetic gas enters the high-temperature inner header through the gas inlet pipe and then enters the heat insulation cylinder to exchange heat with a heat transfer medium in the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, and the synthetic gas after heat exchange is discharged through the gas outlet pipe; saturated water in the steam pocket enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube through the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet cavity, exchanges heat with synthesis gas to form saturated water containing steam, and is discharged through the liquid outlet cavity and the liquid outlet;

the inlet temperature of the synthesis gas is 440-450 ℃, and the outlet temperature of the synthesis gas is 265-275 ℃.

Because the whole inner wall of the second shell is surrounded by the synthesis gas after heat exchange, the temperature of the second shell is about 265-275 ℃ under the temperature limit, thereby reducing the internal temperature of equipment materials and the use cost of the materials.

Further, the heat energy of the synthesis gas is reabsorbed, and the synthesis temperature after heat exchange is ensured to be between 265 ℃ and 275 ℃, the inlet temperature of saturated water at the superheater is 245 ℃ and 255 ℃, and the outlet temperature of saturated water containing steam at the superheater is 245 ℃ and 255 ℃. Further preferably, the temperature of the saturated water at the inlet of the superheater and the temperature of the saturated water containing steam at the outlet of the superheater are the same. To better control the temperature of the synthesis gas.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a waste heat boiler according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a steam drum.

FIG. 3 is a schematic of the superheater configuration.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion B in fig. 3.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 2, the structure of the steam drum is first described, and the steam drum 200 includes: the first shell 8 extends in the vertical direction, and specifically comprises a shell 81, an upper seal head 82 mounted at the top end of the shell 81, and a lower seal head 83 mounted at the bottom end of the shell 81. In this embodiment, the housing 81 specifically includes an upper housing 811, a lower housing 813 located below the upper housing 811, and a tapered portion 812 provided between the upper housing 811 and the lower housing 813, which connects the upper housing and the lower housing integrally. The upper housing 811 has an inner diameter larger than that of the lower housing 813, and a large end of the tapered portion faces upward, so that an annular tapered cavity having a tapered cross section is formed between the tapered portion and the inner cylinder 7 described below.

A drain 831 is arranged on the lower sealing head 83, and a steam port 821 is arranged on the upper sealing head 82. Namely, a drainage port is arranged at the lower part of the first shell, and a steam port is arranged at the top part of the first shell.

The inner cylinder 7 is installed in the inner cavity of the first housing 8, the inner cylinder 7 comprises a vertical cylinder part 71, a taper pipe 711 is installed at the bottom of the vertical cylinder part 71, the taper pipe 711 extends downwards, a water inlet pipe 72 is installed at the lower end of the taper pipe 711, and the water inlet pipe penetrates downwards through the lower sealing head 83 of the first housing 8 to form a water inlet 712.

The top of the vertical cylinder portion is open and forms an overflow port 74. That is, the top of the inner cylinder is open and forms an overflow port. The overflow port is located in the upper housing 811 and a glass tube level gauge 84 is mounted on the housing 81 to span the overflow port 74 in the height direction to facilitate viewing of the liquid level between the first housing and the inner barrel.

Four layers of rotational flow plates 73 are arranged in the inner barrel, are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction and have the rotating directions.

An annular chamber 70 is formed between the first outer shell and the inner cylinder, and the water outlet 831 is communicated with the annular chamber 70.

The steam-water separator 75 is installed in the housing above the overflow port 74, the steam-water separator 75 includes a bottom plate 751, a frame 753 welded on the upper side of the bottom plate 751, a ring plate 755 welded on the upper end of the frame, and a sealing cylinder 756 welded on the ring plate, the upper end of the sealing cylinder is welded on the upper sealing head 82, and the steam port 821 is communicated with the cavity formed between the sealing cylinder 756 and the upper sealing head 82. The frame 753 is formed of a number of posts.

The frame 753 has an open top and is formed with steam separation ports 757, and steam-water separation portions 754 each formed by folding plates are stacked in the frame, and steam inlets 758 are formed by gaps between the folding plates. The draft tube 752 is mounted on the bottom plate 751 with the outlet of the draft tube extending downwardly beyond the overflow outlet 74 of the inner barrel. In the vertical direction, the projection of the bottom plate covers the overflow opening. The water vapor from the overflow port 74 of the inner cylinder passes through the space between the upright posts and then enters the steam-water separation part 754 through the water vapor inlet 758, the liquid drops in the water vapor are adhered on the folded plate, then flow onto the bottom plate 751 and then flow into the guide pipe along the bottom plate 751 to enter the annular cavity 70 between the first outer shell and the inner cylinder and return to the hot water.

In this embodiment, the folded plate is made of angle steel, and it can be understood that in other embodiments, the folded plate can also be made of stainless steel, plastic plates and other plates, and the folded plate can also be formed by repeatedly bending one plate to form a folded plate similar to a corrugated plate shape.

The first shell 8 is provided with a water replenishing pipe 85 for replenishing water into the steam drum, an annular pipe 86 is arranged in an annular cavity between the inner cylinder and the first shell, the water replenishing pipe 85 is communicated with the annular pipe 86, a plurality of water supply nozzles 861 are arranged on the lower side of the annular pipe 86, the spray ports of the water supply nozzles 861 face downwards, and soft water entering the steam drum is sprayed out and atomized through the water supply nozzles 861 so as to accelerate the rapid mixing with the existing water in the steam drum.

A hanger rod 88 is welded to the inner side of the lower end of the upper housing 811, and the ring pipe 86 is hung from the lower side of the hanger rod by a U-shaped bolt.

In this embodiment, the water supply nozzle 861 is positioned at the lower end of the upper housing 811 in the height direction, and the soft water ejected from the water supply nozzle 861 enters the annular tapered cavity between the tapered portion 812 and the inner cylinder 7. The overflow port extends upwardly beyond the feed water nozzle.

When hot water is discharged from the overflow port and enters the annular cavity and downwards passes through the annular conical cavity, the flow area is reduced, the water flow speed is increased, a negative pressure area is generated above the annular conical cavity, and soft water sprayed from the water supply nozzle can be quickly mixed into the original hot water, so that a low-temperature area is prevented from being generated in the annular conical cavity. If the annular conical cavity is cancelled, soft water sprayed from the water supply nozzle can form a low-temperature water area in the annular cavity and is gradually mixed into the original hot water, so that the structural members in the corresponding areas stretch differently, internal stress is generated, and the safe operation of equipment is not facilitated.

Legs 87 are attached to the outer circumferential surface of the housing 8, and the legs 87 are supported on the reinforced concrete support 801.

The structure of a waste heat boiler comprising the above-described steam drum 200 and a superheater 100 is described below with reference to fig. 1. Referring to fig. 3, the superheater 100 includes a second shell, which includes a cylinder 60, a flat sealing cover 24 disposed at one end of the cylinder 60, and a tube plate 14 disposed at the other end of the cylinder, and a protruding cover 19 disposed on a side of the tube plate 14 facing away from the flat sealing cover. The flat sealing cap 24 is attached to the cylinder 60 via a first bolt 27, and the protruding cap 19 is attached to the tube plate 14 via a second bolt 17.

A refrigerant cavity is formed between the protruding cover 19 and the tube plate 14, a dividing plate 191 is installed in the protruding cover, and the refrigerant cavity is divided into a liquid inlet cavity 192 and a liquid outlet cavity 193 which are not communicated with each other by the dividing plate 191; the protruding cover 19 is provided with a heat transfer medium inlet 12 communicated with the liquid inlet cavity 192 and a heat transfer medium outlet 15 communicated with the liquid outlet cavity.

In this embodiment, the cylinder 60 includes a heat exchange cylinder 6 and a high temperature cylinder 4 welded together, wherein the high temperature cylinder is located at one end of the heat exchange cylinder facing the sealing flat cover, please refer to fig. 4, the heat exchange cylinder 6 is formed by a plurality of steel cylinders coaxially sleeved together, and adjacent steel cylinders are stacked together. In this embodiment, the heat exchange cylinder 6 includes seven steel cylinders, and for convenience of description, the innermost steel cylinder is referred to as an inner steel cylinder 611, the outermost steel cylinder is referred to as an outer steel cylinder 612, and the remaining steel cylinders are referred to as an intermediate steel cylinder 613.

In this embodiment, the high temperature cylinder 4 is made of 12Cr2Mo1 alloy steel, the inner steel cylinder 611 is made of 12Cr2Mo1R alloy steel, and the outer steel cylinder 612 and the middle steel cylinder 613 are both made of Q345R steel, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost of the apparatus.

The high-temperature cylinder is provided with a first connecting end surface for connecting one end of the heat exchange cylinder, and the tube plate is provided with a second connecting end surface 141 for connecting the other end of the heat exchange cylinder; this first connection terminal surface is from inside to outside towards the direction slope of keeping away from the second connection terminal surface and extends, and this second connection terminal surface 141 is from inside to outside towards the direction slope of keeping away from first connection terminal surface and extends.

The weld between each steel cylinder and the second connecting end face is a V-groove weld, wherein the inner layer weld 63 between the inner steel cylinder 611 and the second connecting end face faces the radial inner side, the middle weld 62 between the middle steel cylinder 613 and the second connecting end face faces the radial outer side, and the middle weld 62 needs to be polished, so that the radial outer surface 621 of the middle weld does not exceed the outer peripheral surface of the middle steel cylinder.

The welding seam between each steel cylinder and the second connecting end face is the same as the welding seam between the first connecting end faces.

Referring to fig. 5, a sealing diaphragm pad 28 is arranged between the flat cover 24 and the high temperature drum 4, the sealing diaphragm pad 28 completely isolates the flat cover from the inner cavity of the drum body, a first sealing surface 281 formed by Inconel600 material overlaying is arranged on the end surface of the high temperature drum 4 facing the flat cover, and in fig. 5, the first sealing surface 281 is represented by a black long bar. In this embodiment, the sealing diaphragm pad 28 is made of 321SS alloy steel, the flat cover is made of 1Cr5Mo alloy steel, and if the sealing ring is used for sealing, the flat cover needs to be made of 12Cr2Mo 1.

The inner cavity of the second shell is divided into a heat exchange area 22 and a high temperature area 21, wherein the heat exchange area 22 faces one side of the tube plate 14, the high temperature area 21 faces one side of the sealing flat cover 24, a heat insulation cylinder 9 and a high temperature internal header 16 which are mutually communicated are arranged in the second shell, the high temperature internal header 16 is positioned in the high temperature area, and the heat insulation cylinder 9 is positioned in the heat exchange area.

A gas distributor 95 is arranged between the high-temperature inner header 16 and the heat insulation barrel 9, the gas distributor is a ball head conical plate with the center protruding towards the direction of the high-temperature inner header, and the radial outer end part of the ball head conical plate is provided with a gas hole which is communicated with the high-temperature inner header 16 and the heat insulation barrel 9. In the drawings, the air holes are not shown, and only the center lines 951 of the air holes are shown.

A plurality of U-shaped heat exchange tubes 96 and a baffle rod assembly 10 are arranged in the heat insulation cylinder 9, and the U-shaped heat exchange tubes 96 are movably supported on the baffle rods 33 in the baffle rod assembly 10. The two ends of each U-shaped heat exchange tube are respectively communicated with the liquid inlet cavity 192 and the liquid outlet cavity 193 through the tube plate 14; the end of the heat insulation cylinder 9 facing the tube plate is an open end, a communication part 91 for communicating the inside and the outside of the heat insulation cylinder is arranged between the open end and the tube plate, and the communication part is a gap between the open end and the tube plate.

The high-temperature internal header and the heat insulation cylinder are directly spaced from the shell, the outer peripheral surface of the heat insulation cylinder 9 is wrapped with a heat insulation layer 93, and the heat insulation layer 93 is made of an aluminum silicate fiber material. An annular gap 35 is arranged between the heat-insulating layer and the inner wall of the cylinder body, in the embodiment, the distance S between the outer surface of the heat-insulating layer and the inner surface of the heat exchange cylinder is 100mm, namely the radial width of the annular gap 35 is 100 mm.

It is understood that in other embodiments, the distance S may also be 80mm, 90mm, 110mm, or 120 mm. The thickness of the insulating layer 93 is 20 mm.

A gas inlet pipe 31 and a gas outlet pipe 32 are installed in the region of the cylinder corresponding to the high temperature zone, wherein the gas inlet pipe 31 is communicated with the high temperature internal header and the gas outlet pipe 32 is communicated with the shell side of the cylinder.

The second shell is horizontal, a movable support 25 is arranged at the lower side of the cylinder body 60, and a shower guide pipe 23 communicated with the inner cavity of the second shell is arranged on the high-temperature cylinder 4.

The extension pipe 103 of the inner part of the synthesis column is connected via a first flange 101 to a second flange 311 on the gas inlet pipe 31, between which an omega seal ring 102 is placed.

The water outlet 831 of the drum communicates with the heat transfer medium inlet 12 via the down pipe 201, and the water inlet 712 communicates with the heat transfer medium outlet 15 via the up pipe 202.

When the waste heat boiler works in the embodiment, the synthesis gas enters the high-temperature inner header through the gas inlet pipe and then enters the heat insulation cylinder to exchange heat with the heat transfer medium in the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, and the synthesis gas after heat exchange is discharged through the gas outlet pipe; saturated water in the steam drum enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube through the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet cavity to exchange heat with synthesis gas to form saturated water containing steam, and the saturated water is discharged through the liquid outlet cavity and the liquid outlet and returns to the inner cylinder 7 of the steam drum. The saturated water containing steam rises to the overflow port 74 along the inner cylinder 7, the steam in the saturated water containing steam is separated to form saturated water, the saturated water is discharged from the overflow port, enters the annular cavity 70, then descends along the annular cavity, enters the descending pipe 201 through the water outlet 831, returns to the superheater 100, and circularly flows. Fresh soft water is sprayed into the annular chamber from the water supply nozzle 861 and mixed into the original saturated water.

The water vapor separated from the water vapor-containing saturated water flows upward and enters the inside of the water vapor separation portion 754 through the water vapor inlet 758, and droplets contained in the water vapor are adsorbed on the folded plate, then flow downward, and then are discharged into the annular cavity 70 along the guide pipe 752.

In this example, the inlet temperature of the syngas was 445 ℃ and the outlet temperature of the syngas was 265-275 ℃.

The inlet temperature of the saturated water at the superheater is 245-255 ℃, the outlet temperature of the saturated water containing steam at the superheater is 245-255 ℃, and the inlet temperature of the saturated water at the superheater is the same as the outlet temperature of the saturated water containing steam at the superheater.

Claims

1. A steam drum, comprising:

2. Steam drum according to claim 1,

at least two layers of rotational flow plates are arranged in the inner barrel and are arranged at intervals along the vertical direction.

3. Steam drum according to claim 1,

the first shell comprises a shell body extending along the vertical direction, the shell body comprises an upper shell body, a lower shell body positioned below the upper shell body and a conical part arranged between the upper shell body and the lower shell body, and the conical part connects the upper shell body and the lower shell body into a whole; the inner diameter of the upper shell is larger than that of the lower shell, and the large end of the conical part faces upwards;

an annular pipe is arranged in an annular cavity between the inner cylinder and the first shell, the water replenishing pipe is communicated with the annular pipe, and a plurality of water supply nozzles are arranged on the lower side of the annular pipe; the water sprayed by the water supply nozzle can enter a conical annular cavity with a conical section between the conical part and the inner cylinder;

the overflow port extends upwardly beyond the feed water nozzle.

4. Steam drum according to claim 1,

5. A waste heat boiler, comprising the steam drum of any one of claims 1 to 4 and a superheater, wherein the superheater comprises a second shell, the second shell comprises a cylinder, a sealing flat cover arranged at one end of the cylinder and a tube plate arranged at the other end of the cylinder, a protruding cover is arranged at one side of the tube plate, which is far away from the sealing flat cover, a refrigerant cavity is formed between the protruding cover and the tube plate, and a partition plate is arranged in the protruding cover and divides the refrigerant cavity into a liquid inlet cavity and a liquid outlet cavity which are not communicated with each other; a heat transfer medium inlet communicated with the liquid inlet cavity and a heat transfer medium outlet communicated with the liquid outlet cavity are arranged on the protruding cover;

6. Waste heat boiler according to claim 5,

a sealing diaphragm gasket is arranged between the flat cover and the cylinder body in a gasket mode, the flat cover and the inner cavity of the cylinder body are completely isolated by the sealing diaphragm gasket, and a first sealing surface formed by Inconel600 material overlaying welding is arranged on the end face, facing the flat cover, of the cylinder body.

7. Waste heat boiler according to claim 5,

the outer peripheral surface of the heat insulation cylinder is wrapped with a heat insulation layer, and an annular gap is formed between the heat insulation layer and the inner wall of the cylinder body.

8. Waste heat boiler according to claim 5,

the cylinder body comprises a heat exchange cylinder and a high-temperature cylinder which are welded together, wherein the high-temperature cylinder is positioned at one end of the heat exchange cylinder, which faces to the sealing flat cover, the heat exchange cylinder is composed of a plurality of steel cylinders which are coaxially sleeved together, and the adjacent steel cylinders are overlapped together;

9. The waste heat boiler of any one of claims 5 to 8, wherein when the waste heat boiler is in operation, the synthesis gas enters the high temperature inner header through the gas inlet pipe and then enters the heat insulation cylinder to exchange heat with the heat transfer medium in the U-shaped heat exchange pipe, and the synthesis gas after heat exchange is discharged through the gas outlet pipe; saturated water in the steam pocket enters the U-shaped heat exchange tube through the liquid inlet and the liquid inlet cavity, exchanges heat with synthesis gas to form saturated water containing steam, and is discharged through the liquid outlet cavity and the liquid outlet;

10. Waste heat boiler according to claim 9,

the temperature of the saturated water at the inlet of the superheater is 245-255 ℃, and the temperature of the saturated water containing steam at the outlet of the superheater is 245-255 ℃.