CN112709930A - Liquefied natural gas vaporization method and system - Google Patents

Liquefied natural gas vaporization method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112709930A
CN112709930A CN201911017506.2A CN201911017506A CN112709930A CN 112709930 A CN112709930 A CN 112709930A CN 201911017506 A CN201911017506 A CN 201911017506A CN 112709930 A CN112709930 A CN 112709930A
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China
Prior art keywords
heat
intermediate fluid
vaporizer
heat exchanger
threshold
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CN201911017506.2A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄凯
史建伟
张立改
陈文杰
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ENRIC(LANGFANG)ENERGY EQUIPMENT INTEGRATION CO LTD
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ENRIC(LANGFANG)ENERGY EQUIPMENT INTEGRATION CO LTD
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Priority to CN201911017506.2A priority Critical patent/CN112709930A/en
Publication of CN112709930A publication Critical patent/CN112709930A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0309—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using another fluid
    • F17C2227/0316—Water heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0395—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a submerged heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a liquefied natural gas vaporization method and a system, wherein the vaporization method comprises the following steps: forming an intermediate fluid circulating between a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas and the heat exchanger; heating the intermediate fluid by using heat supplied by the heat exchanger, wherein the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is converted from primary energy; heating the intermediate fluid by using heat supplied by the vaporizer, wherein the heat supplied by the vaporizer is converted by secondary energy; the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is used to heat the lng to above its vaporization temperature. Compared with the single heating mode in the prior art, the heat energy of the primary energy source is fully converted into the heat energy carried by the intermediate fluid to supplement the heat energy required by the vaporization of the LNG, so that the consumption of the secondary energy source is reduced, and the vaporization cost is reduced.

Description

Liquefied natural gas vaporization method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a liquefied natural gas vaporization method and a system.
Background
With the increasing global energy demand and the increasing emphasis on ecological protection, natural gas has been widely used as an efficient and clean energy source at home and abroad in recent years. Since the liquefied natural gas can be reduced to 1/600, the natural gas is usually stored after being liquefied at low temperature (-162 ℃). When supplied to consumers for use, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), whether for civil use or industrial use, needs to be converted into a gaseous state and returned to normal temperature before use.
In the prior art, the method of heating the medium water in the water bath vaporizer is generally adopted, so that the medium water and the LNG in the stainless steel coil pipe are subjected to heat exchange to regasify the LNG.
However, most of the existing water bath vaporizers heat the medium water by adopting an electric heating mode, for example, a reheating capacity is 500Nm3The rated power of the electric heater is 14Kw, the consumed electric energy in unit time is 14Kw h, the industrial electricity is calculated according to 1 yuan/degree, the cost per hour is 14 yuan, the cost per 24 hours per day is 14 multiplied by 24 yuan, and the electricity cost required in one year is 336 multiplied by 365 yuan 122640 yuan when the water bath vaporizer is used in the day to day. The heating mode greatly consumes electric energy, is not beneficial to creating low-carbon life, and increases the cost of LNG regasification.
The above information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute prior art that is already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
It is a primary object of the present invention to overcome at least one of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a method and system for vaporizing liquefied natural gas that reduces energy costs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a liquefied natural gas vaporization method, including:
forming an intermediate fluid that circulates between a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas and a heat exchanger;
heating the intermediate fluid using heat supplied by the heat exchanger, wherein the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is converted from a primary energy source;
heating the intermediate fluid by using heat supplied by the vaporizer, wherein the heat supplied by the vaporizer is converted by a secondary energy source; and
the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is used to heat the lng to above its vaporization temperature.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the primary energy source comprises solar energy and the heat exchanger comprises a solar water heater; the secondary energy source comprises electrical energy and the vaporizer comprises an electrically heated water bath vaporizer; alternatively, the intermediate fluid comprises ethylene glycol or water.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
replenishing the intermediate fluid to reach a fluid threshold when the volume of the intermediate fluid is less than the fluid threshold.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is greater than a first heat threshold, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is reduced to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
increasing the heat supplied by the vaporizer when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold, wherein the first heat threshold is greater than the second heat threshold, to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises:
when the amount of heat supplied by the heat exchanger is less than a second heat threshold, the circulation of the intermediate fluid between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger is stopped, and the intermediate fluid is heated using only the heat supplied by the vaporizer.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a lng vaporization system including at least one vaporizer, at least one heat exchanger, an intermediate fluid, and at least one pump. At least one vaporizer for vaporizing said liquefied natural gas to a gaseous state; at least one heat exchanger connected to the vaporizer to form a closed loop circuit; an intermediate fluid circulating along the closed loop between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger; at least one pump for circulating the intermediate fluid;
wherein the intermediate fluid is heated by heat supplied by the heat exchanger, the heat supplied by the heat exchanger being converted from a primary energy source;
wherein the intermediate fluid is heated by heat supplied from the vaporizer, the heat supplied from the vaporizer being converted from a secondary energy source;
wherein the intermediate fluid utilizes the heat carried by the intermediate fluid to heat the liquefied natural gas above its vaporization temperature.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the primary energy source comprises solar energy and the heat exchanger comprises a solar water heater; the secondary energy source comprises electrical energy and the vaporizer comprises an electrically heated water bath vaporizer; or the like, or, alternatively,
the intermediate fluid comprises ethylene glycol or water.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the volume of the intermediate fluid;
replenishing the intermediate fluid to reach a fluid threshold when the volume of the intermediate fluid is less than the fluid threshold.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the heat supplied by the heat exchanger;
when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is greater than a first heat threshold, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is reduced to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the heat supplied by the heat exchanger;
increasing the heat supplied by the vaporizer when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold, wherein the first heat threshold is greater than the second heat threshold, to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
According to an embodiment of the invention, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the heat supplied by the heat exchanger;
when the amount of heat supplied by the heat exchanger is less than a second heat threshold, the circulation of the intermediate fluid between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger is stopped, and the intermediate fluid is heated using only the heat supplied by the vaporizer.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the heat exchanger further comprises a heat preservation device, the heat exchanger is sealed in the heat preservation device, and the heat preservation device comprises a transparent shell and an electric heating device arranged in the transparent shell; or the like, or, alternatively,
also included is a light reflecting device to reflect sunlight to the heat exchanger.
According to the technical scheme, the liquefied natural gas vaporization method and the liquefied natural gas vaporization system have the advantages and positive effects that:
the liquefied natural gas vaporization method and the liquefied natural gas vaporization system respectively utilize the vaporizer and the heat exchanger to heat the intermediate fluid, and respectively utilize the heat supplied by the primary energy source and the secondary energy source to heat the intermediate fluid. Compared with the prior art that the heat supplied by the secondary energy is only used for heating, the heat of the primary energy is fully converted into the heat carried by the intermediate fluid, so that the heat required by LNG vaporization is supplemented, the consumption of the secondary energy is reduced, and the vaporization cost is reduced.
In addition, the intermediate fluid is circulated between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger by the at least one pump, so that the heat supplied by the vaporizer and the heat supplied by the heat exchanger are continuously exchanged in the intermediate fluid, the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is more uniform and stable, and the LNG is more favorably and continuously vaporized.
Drawings
The above and other features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquefied natural gas vaporization system, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating a method for vaporizing liquefied natural gas, according to an exemplary embodiment.
Wherein the reference numerals are as follows:
11. water bath vaporizer
12. Solar water heater
13. Pump and method of operating the same
14. Intermediate fluid
15. Valve gate
16. Heat preservation device
17. Light reflection device
Detailed Description
Example embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar structures, and thus their detailed description will be omitted.
Although relative terms, such as "upper" and "lower," may be used in this specification to describe one element of an icon relative to another, these terms are used in this specification for convenience only, e.g., in accordance with the orientation of the examples described in the figures. It will be appreciated that if the device of the icon were turned upside down, the element described as "upper" would become the element "lower". The terms "a," "an," "the," and "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements/components/etc.; the terms "comprising" and "having" are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements/components/etc. other than the listed elements/components/etc.; the terms "first," "second," "third," and "fourth," etc. are used merely as labels, and are not limiting as to the number of their objects.
One embodiment of the present invention provides a lng vaporization system including at least one vaporizer, at least one heat exchanger, an intermediate fluid, and at least one pump.
The vaporizer is used for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas to a gas state; at least one heat exchanger connected to the vaporizer to form a closed loop circuit; an intermediate fluid circulates in a closed loop between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger; at least one pump is used to circulate the intermediate fluid. Wherein, the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is used for heating the intermediate fluid, and the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is converted from primary energy; wherein, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is used for heating the intermediate fluid, and the heat supplied by the vaporizer is converted by the secondary energy; wherein the intermediate fluid utilizes the heat carried by the intermediate fluid to heat the liquefied natural gas above its vaporization temperature.
The liquefied natural gas vaporization system provided by the invention heats the intermediate fluid by using the vaporizer and the heat exchanger respectively, and heats the intermediate fluid by using the heat supplied by the primary energy source and the secondary energy source respectively. Compared with the prior art that the heat supplied by the secondary energy is only used for heating, the heat of the primary energy is fully converted into the heat carried by the intermediate fluid, so that the heat required by LNG vaporization is supplemented, the consumption of the secondary energy is reduced, and the vaporization cost is reduced.
In addition, the intermediate fluid is circulated between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger by the at least one pump, so that the heat supplied by the vaporizer and the heat supplied by the heat exchanger are continuously exchanged in the intermediate fluid, the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is more uniform and stable, and the LNG is more favorably and continuously vaporized.
In some embodiments, in order to fully utilize renewable energy in nature, the primary energy source in the embodiments of the present invention may be selected from solar energy, wind energy, water energy, ocean energy, etc., and the heat in the primary energy source is collected and heated by the heat exchanger to heat the intermediate fluid.
The secondary energy according to the embodiment of the present invention may be selected from, for example, electric power, steam, gasoline, kerosene, and the like, and the intermediate fluid is heated by the heat of the secondary energy.
By utilizing the mixed heating mode of the primary energy and the secondary energy, the intermediate fluid is heated, the LNG is vaporized, and the consumption of the secondary energy is greatly reduced by adding the primary energy.
The following description will be made in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
For convenience of description, the solar energy selected as the primary energy source and the electric power selected as the secondary energy source will be described in detail.
As shown in fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the lng vaporization system according to the present invention includes a water bath vaporizer 11 heated by electric power, a solar water heater 12, an intermediate fluid 14, and a pump 13. The pump 13 is capable of driving the intermediate fluid 14 to circulate between the water bath vaporizer 11 and the solar water heater 12.
In an exemplary embodiment, the intermediate fluid 14 may be water, but of course, other media such as glycol, etc. are also possible.
The number of the solar water heaters 12 may be one, two or more, and the number of the pumps 13 may also be one, two or more, and the number is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pump 13 acting on the intermediate fluid 14 may be a conventional single-stage centrifugal pump driven by a synchronous speed motor. Single stage centrifugal pumps are frequently used to pump water/fluid in a fluid cycle and are well known to those skilled in the art.
Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a single stage centrifugal pump, a wide variety of pumps that meet flow rate requirements can be used. In alternative embodiments, the pump may be a smooth flow and pulsating flow pump, a velocity-head or positive displacement pump, a progressive cavity pump, a gerotor pump, a vane pump, a gear pump, a radial piston pump, a swash plate pump, a piston pump, or other pump that meets the flow rate requirements of intermediate fluid 14.
The solar water heater 12 absorbs heat of solar energy and heats the intermediate fluid 14 in the solar water heater, the water bath vaporizer 11 heats the intermediate fluid 14 by using electric power, the pump 13 can drive the intermediate fluid 14 to circulate between the solar water heater 12 and the water bath vaporizer 11 to realize circulation exchange of heat, and the intermediate fluid 14 can achieve the temperature of vaporized LNG by absorbing the heat of the solar energy and the heat supplied by the electric power.
In an exemplary embodiment, the lng vaporization system further includes monitoring equipment for monitoring the volume of the intermediate fluid 14 to enable timely replenishment of the intermediate fluid 14.
Specifically, when the water level of the intermediate fluid 14 in the water bath vaporizer 11 is lower than the lowest water level value, in order to avoid dry burning of the water bath vaporizer 11, the fluid valve may be controlled to open, the circulating intermediate fluid 14 is replenished with the missing water due to evaporation and other factors, the water replenishment inlet may be selected at the cold water inlet of the solar water heater 12, until the water level reaches the set water level limit, the valve is closed, and the water supply is stopped.
In an exemplary embodiment, the monitoring device may also be used to monitor the heat supplied by the heat exchanger.
Specifically, when the monitoring device monitors that the ambient light is sufficient and the efficiency of converting solar energy into heat energy increases, the control system may suitably reduce the heating power of the electric heater to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is maintained at a set heat threshold that ensures vaporization of the LNG.
By adopting the adjusting mode, on the premise of ensuring LNG vaporization, the heat of solar energy can be fully utilized to the maximum extent, the power consumption of the electric heater is reduced, the low carbon and environmental protection are realized, and the cost is saved.
In contrast, when the monitoring device detects that the efficiency of the solar energy conversion to heat energy is reduced due to the reduced illumination, the control system may suitably increase the heating power of the electric heater to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is maintained at a set heat threshold that ensures that the LNG is vaporized.
By adopting the adjustment, the efficiency of converting solar energy into heat energy is reduced, the heating power of the electric heater is timely improved, and the phenomenon that the normal vaporization of LNG is influenced due to insufficient heat carried by intermediate fluid is avoided.
In addition, when the light sensation receiver monitors that the external environment is in rainy days or no light is emitted at night, the control system closes the water valve 15 between the water bath vaporizer 11 and the solar water heater 12, the water circulation stops to avoid the increase of the load of the electric heater, when the light is sufficient, the temperature of the water in the solar water heater 12 rises to a set temperature, and the water can be subjected to heat interaction with the water in the electric heating water bath vaporizer 11, the monitoring system opens the water valve 15 between the water bath vaporizer 11 and the solar water heater 12, and the water circulation is continued.
To summarize, when the monitoring device detects that the amount of heat supplied by the heat exchanger is greater than the first heat threshold (i.e. the illumination is sufficient and the efficiency of solar energy conversion into heat energy increases), measures can be taken to appropriately reduce the heating power of the electric heater; when the monitoring equipment monitors that the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold (namely, the illumination is weakened, and the efficiency of converting solar energy into heat energy is reduced), measures for properly increasing the heating power of the electric heater can be taken; when the monitoring device detects that the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is below a second heat threshold (i.e. no light during rainy or nighttime hours), measures may be taken to stop the water circulation. In a word, the balance of the heat converted by the solar water heater 12 and the electric heater can be always kept through the real-time monitoring and real-time adjustment of the monitoring system, so that the vaporization capacity of the water bath vaporizer 11 is ensured to be unchanged.
In an exemplary embodiment, the lng vaporization system further includes a thermal insulation device 16, the heat exchanger being enclosed within the thermal insulation device 16, the thermal insulation device 16 including a transparent housing and an electric heating device disposed within the transparent housing.
Specifically, in order to prevent the phenomenon that the water in the solar water heater 12 freezes when the external environment is lower than 0 ℃, the solar water heater 12 can be protected by a double-layer heat-preservation transparent glass cover, and an electric heating device is arranged in the glass cover, when the temperature of the water outlet of the solar water heater 12 is lower than 2 ℃ and the temperature in the cover is lower than 5 ℃, the electric heating device in the glass cover is started to keep the temperature in the cover higher than 5 ℃, and electric tracing heat preservation is carried out on related pipelines to reduce heat loss, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of freezing and blocking is avoided.
In an exemplary embodiment, the lng vaporization system further includes a light reflecting device 17 to reflect sunlight to the heat exchanger.
Specifically, in order to improve the efficiency of converting light energy into heat energy of the solar water heater 12, the solar light energy collecting reflector can be utilized, the light-taking angle of the solar light energy collecting reflector can be automatically adjusted to ensure that the light energy in a unit area is collected to the maximum extent, and the light energy is reflected to the solar water heater 12 by utilizing the reflection principle, so that the light energy is more efficiently converted into the heat energy of water, and the efficiency of converting the light energy into the heat energy is improved.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for vaporizing liquefied natural gas, which is configured to complete the above liquefied natural gas vaporization system. The vaporization method comprises the following steps: an intermediate fluid 14 circulating between the vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas and the heat exchanger; heating the intermediate fluid 14 with heat supplied by a heat exchanger, wherein the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is converted from a primary energy source; heating the intermediate fluid 14 with heat supplied by the vaporizer, wherein the heat supplied by the vaporizer is converted from a secondary energy source; and the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is used to heat the lng to above its vaporization temperature.
In some embodiments, in order to fully utilize renewable energy in nature, the primary energy source of the present embodiments, such as solar energy, wind energy, water energy, ocean energy, etc., may be selected to collect heat from the primary energy source and heat the intermediate fluid 14 by the action of a heat exchanger.
The secondary energy according to the embodiment of the present invention may be selected from, for example, electric power, steam, gasoline, kerosene, and the like, and the intermediate fluid 14 is heated by the heat of the secondary energy.
By utilizing the mixed heating mode of the primary energy and the secondary energy, the intermediate fluid 14 is heated, further LNG is vaporized, and the consumption of the secondary energy is greatly reduced by adding the primary energy.
For convenience of description, the solar energy selected as the primary energy source and the electric power selected as the secondary energy source will be described in detail.
As shown in fig. 2, in step S910, a circulating intermediate fluid 14 is formed between a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas and a heat exchanger.
In an exemplary embodiment, the vaporizer is a water bath vaporizer 11, the heat exchanger is a solar water heater 12, and a closed loop is formed by connecting the water bath vaporizer 11 and the solar water heater 12 through a pipe. While the intermediate fluid 14 is circulated by means of at least one pump 13. The water bath vaporizer 11 uses the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 to vaporize the LNG.
In one embodiment, the intermediate fluid 14 may be water, but may also be other media, such as glycol, for example.
The number of the solar water heaters 12 may be one, two or more, and the number of the pumps 13 may also be one, two or more, and the number is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the pump acting on the intermediate fluid 14 may be a conventional single stage centrifugal pump driven by a synchronous speed motor. Single stage centrifugal pumps are frequently used to pump water/fluid in a fluid cycle and are well known to those skilled in the art.
Although the preferred embodiment of the present invention relates to a single stage centrifugal pump, a wide variety of pumps that meet flow rate requirements can be used. In alternative embodiments, the pump may be a smooth flow and pulsating flow pump, a velocity-head or positive displacement pump, a progressive cavity pump, a gerotor pump, a vane pump, a gear pump, a radial piston pump, a swash plate pump, a piston pump, or other pump that meets the flow rate requirements of intermediate fluid 14.
In step S920, the intermediate fluid 14 is heated by the heat supplied from the heat exchanger, wherein the heat supplied from the heat exchanger is converted from the primary energy source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the primary energy source comprises solar energy, and the solar water heater 12 absorbs heat from the solar energy and heats the intermediate fluid 14 therein.
Of course, in other embodiments, other types of primary energy sources may be selected, such as wind, water, ocean, etc.
In step S930, the intermediate fluid 14 is heated by the heat supplied from the vaporizer, which is converted from the secondary energy source.
In an exemplary embodiment, the secondary energy source comprises electricity, and the water bath vaporizer 11 heats the internal intermediate fluid 14 with the electricity.
Of course, in other embodiments, the secondary energy source may be selected from other types, such as steam, gasoline, kerosene, etc.
In step S940, the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is used to heat the lng to a temperature above its vaporization temperature.
In an exemplary embodiment, the pump 13 is capable of driving the intermediate fluid 14 to circulate between the solar water heater 12 and the water bath vaporizer 11, enabling the cyclic exchange of heat, the intermediate fluid 14 being capable of itself reaching the temperature of the vaporized LNG by absorbing both the heat of the solar energy and the heat of the electric power supply. After the intermediate fluid 14 continues to flow through the water bath vaporizer 11, the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 exchanges heat with the cryogenic LNG located in the stainless steel coil inside the water bath vaporizer 11, and the LNG vaporizes.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when the volume of the intermediate fluid 14 is below a fluid threshold, the intermediate fluid 14 is replenished to reach the fluid threshold.
Specifically, when the water level of the intermediate fluid 14 in the water bath vaporizer 11 is lower than the lowest water level value, in order to avoid dry burning of the water bath vaporizer 11, the fluid valve may be controlled to open, the circulating intermediate fluid 14 is replenished with the missing water due to evaporation and other factors, the water replenishment inlet may be selected at the cold water inlet of the solar water heater 12, until the water replenishment is increased to the set water level limit, the valve is closed, and the water supply is stopped.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is above the first heat threshold, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is reduced to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is maintained at a set heat threshold.
Specifically, when the monitoring device monitors that the ambient light is sufficient and the efficiency of converting solar energy into heat energy increases, the control system may suitably reduce the heating power of the electric heater to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is maintained at a set heat threshold that ensures vaporization of the LNG.
Through adopting foretell regulation, under the prerequisite of guaranteeing the LNG vaporization, can fully maximize the heat that utilizes solar energy to have, and reduce electric heater's power consumption, lower carbon environmental protection more, practice thrift the cost.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is increased to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is maintained at a set heat threshold, wherein the first heat threshold is greater than the second heat threshold.
Specifically, when the monitoring device detects that the efficiency of the solar energy conversion to heat energy is reduced due to reduced illumination, the control system may suitably increase the heating power of the electric heater to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is maintained at a set heat threshold that ensures that the LNG is vaporized.
By adopting the adjustment, the efficiency of converting solar energy into heat energy is reduced, the heating power of the electric heater is timely improved, and the influence on normal vaporization of LNG is avoided.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is below the second heat threshold, circulation of the intermediate fluid 14 between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger is stopped, and the intermediate fluid 14 is heated using only the heat supplied by the vaporizer.
Specifically, when the light sensation receiver monitors that the external environment is in rainy days or no light is emitted at night, the control system closes the water valve 15 between the water bath vaporizer 11 and the solar water heater 12, the water circulation stops to avoid the increase of the load of the electric heater, when the light is sufficient, the temperature of the water in the solar water heater 12 rises to a set temperature, and the water can be subjected to heat interaction with the water in the electric heating water bath vaporizer 11, the monitoring system opens the water valve 15 between the water bath vaporizer 11 and the solar water heater 12, and the water circulation is continued.
To summarize, when the monitoring device detects that the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is higher than the first heat threshold (i.e. the light is sufficient and the efficiency of solar energy conversion into heat energy increases), measures can be taken to suitably reduce the heating power of the electric heater; when the monitoring equipment monitors that the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold (namely, the illumination is weakened, and the efficiency of converting solar energy into heat energy is reduced), measures for properly increasing the heating power of the electric heater can be taken; when the monitoring device detects that the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is below a second heat threshold (i.e. no light during rainy or nighttime hours), measures may be taken to stop the water circulation. In a word, the balance of the heat converted by the solar water heater 12 and the electric heater can be always kept through the real-time monitoring and real-time adjustment of the monitoring system, so that the vaporization capacity of the water bath vaporizer 11 is ensured to be unchanged.
In summary, the liquefied natural gas vaporization method and system provided by the invention have the advantages and beneficial effects that:
in the lng vaporization system according to the present invention, the intermediate fluid 14 is heated by the vaporizer and the heat exchanger, respectively, and the intermediate fluid 14 is heated by the heat supplied from the primary energy source and the secondary energy source, respectively. Compared with the prior art that the heat supplied by the secondary energy is only used for heating, the heat of the primary energy is fully converted into the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14, so that the heat required by LNG vaporization is supplemented, the consumption of the secondary energy is reduced, and the vaporization cost is reduced.
In addition, the circulation of the intermediate fluid 14 between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger by means of the at least one pump 13 ensures that the heat supplied by the vaporizer and the heat supplied by the heat exchanger are continuously exchanged in the intermediate fluid 14, so that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid 14 is more uniform and stable, and the continuous vaporization of LNG is facilitated.
It is to be noted herein that the lng vaporization method and system shown in the drawings and described in the present specification is only one example employing the principles of the present invention. It will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that the principles of the present invention are not limited to any of the details or any of the components of the apparatus shown in the drawings or described in the specification.
It is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the description. The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced and carried out in various ways. The foregoing variations and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention. It will be understood that the invention disclosed and defined in this specification extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of the individual features mentioned or evident from the text and/or drawings. All of these different combinations constitute alternative aspects of the present invention. The embodiments described in this specification illustrate the best mode known for carrying out the invention and will enable those skilled in the art to utilize the invention.

Claims (13)

1. A method of vaporizing liquefied natural gas, comprising:
forming an intermediate fluid that circulates between a vaporizer for vaporizing the liquefied natural gas and a heat exchanger;
heating the intermediate fluid using heat supplied by the heat exchanger, wherein the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is converted from a primary energy source;
heating the intermediate fluid by using heat supplied by the vaporizer, wherein the heat supplied by the vaporizer is converted by a secondary energy source; and
the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is used to heat the lng to above its vaporization temperature.
2. The liquefied natural gas vaporization method according to claim 1,
the primary energy source comprises solar energy and the heat exchanger comprises a solar water heater; the secondary energy source comprises electrical energy and the vaporizer comprises an electrically heated water bath vaporizer; or the like, or, alternatively,
the intermediate fluid comprises ethylene glycol or water.
3. The lng vaporization method of claim 1, further comprising:
replenishing the intermediate fluid to reach a fluid threshold when the volume of the intermediate fluid is less than the fluid threshold.
4. The lng vaporization method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is greater than a first heat threshold, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is reduced to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
5. The lng vaporization method of claim 1, further comprising:
increasing the heat supplied by the vaporizer when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold, wherein the first heat threshold is greater than the second heat threshold, to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
6. The lng vaporization method of claim 1, further comprising:
when the amount of heat supplied by the heat exchanger is less than a second heat threshold, the circulation of the intermediate fluid between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger is stopped, and the intermediate fluid is heated using only the heat supplied by the vaporizer.
7. A liquefied natural gas vaporization system, comprising:
at least one vaporizer for vaporizing said liquefied natural gas to a gaseous state;
at least one heat exchanger connected to the vaporizer to form a closed loop circuit;
an intermediate fluid circulating along the closed loop between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger; and
at least one pump for circulating the intermediate fluid;
wherein the intermediate fluid is heated by heat supplied by the heat exchanger, the heat supplied by the heat exchanger being converted from a primary energy source;
wherein the intermediate fluid is heated by heat supplied from the vaporizer, the heat supplied from the vaporizer being converted from a secondary energy source;
wherein the intermediate fluid utilizes the heat carried by the intermediate fluid to heat the liquefied natural gas above its vaporization temperature.
8. The lng vaporization system of claim 7, wherein the primary energy source comprises solar energy and the heat exchanger comprises a solar water heater; the secondary energy source comprises electrical energy and the vaporizer comprises an electrically heated water bath vaporizer; or the like, or, alternatively,
the intermediate fluid comprises ethylene glycol or water.
9. The lng vaporization system of claim 7, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the volume of the intermediate fluid;
replenishing the intermediate fluid to reach a fluid threshold when the volume of the intermediate fluid is less than the fluid threshold.
10. The lng vaporization system of claim 7, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the heat supplied by the heat exchanger;
when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is greater than a first heat threshold, the heat supplied by the vaporizer is reduced to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
11. The lng vaporization system of claim 7, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the heat supplied by the heat exchanger;
increasing the heat supplied by the vaporizer when the heat supplied by the heat exchanger is between a first heat threshold and a second heat threshold, wherein the first heat threshold is greater than the second heat threshold, to ensure that the heat carried by the intermediate fluid is maintained at a set heat threshold.
12. The lng vaporization system of claim 7, further comprising a monitoring device for monitoring the heat supplied by the heat exchanger;
when the amount of heat supplied by the heat exchanger is less than a second heat threshold, the circulation of the intermediate fluid between the vaporizer and the heat exchanger is stopped, and the intermediate fluid is heated using only the heat supplied by the vaporizer.
13. The lng vaporization system of claim 7, further comprising a thermal insulation device, wherein the heat exchanger is enclosed within the thermal insulation device, and wherein the thermal insulation device comprises a transparent housing and an electrical heating device disposed within the transparent housing; or the like, or, alternatively,
also included is a light reflecting device to reflect sunlight to the heat exchanger.
CN201911017506.2A 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Liquefied natural gas vaporization method and system Pending CN112709930A (en)

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Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201911017506.2A CN112709930A (en) 2019-10-24 2019-10-24 Liquefied natural gas vaporization method and system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112709930A true CN112709930A (en) 2021-04-27

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Country Status (1)

Country Link
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