CN112709266A - Test system and method for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in tidal environment - Google Patents
Test system and method for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in tidal environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112709266A CN112709266A CN202011509821.XA CN202011509821A CN112709266A CN 112709266 A CN112709266 A CN 112709266A CN 202011509821 A CN202011509821 A CN 202011509821A CN 112709266 A CN112709266 A CN 112709266A
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- coral reef
- reef sand
- model box
- sand
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D33/00—Testing foundations or foundation structures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B1/00—Equipment or apparatus for, or methods of, general hydraulic engineering, e.g. protection of constructions against ice-strains
- E02B1/02—Hydraulic models
Abstract
The invention discloses a test system and a method for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment, wherein the test system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in the tidal environment comprises a model box, a loading device, a deformation measuring mechanism and a water circulation mechanism, the water circulation mechanism is provided with timing equipment, a water storage tank communicated with the model box and an air pump connected with the water storage tank, and the air pump is used for adjusting and controlling air pressure in the water storage tank to change the water quantity entering the model box, so that the simulation of the tidal environment is realized, and the timing equipment is also convenient for experimenters to control the tidal circulation time; moreover, loading device can carry out the loading of dynamic load or static load condition to coral reef sand including sound load mechanism, has increased this test system's simulation situation, conveniently confirms the bearing characteristic of coral reef sand under the different conditions, and the suitability is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of foundation model tests, in particular to a test system and a method for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment.
Background
The ocean has abundant natural resources, and the development and utilization of ocean resources have become a necessary trend in history. The island reef in south China sea is basically composed of coral reefs, the coral reefs are formed by cementing and calcification of reef-building coral bones and zooxanthellate organisms, and the coral reefs have unique engineering properties due to the particularity of development environment, cause, material composition and the like.
The coral reef body has a common structure that the surface layer mainly comprises a brand-new loose reef gravel layer, and the following layer is consolidated reef limestone, wherein the loose reef gravel layer mainly comprises calcium sand which has the characteristics of high compressibility and fragility, and the mechanical properties ensure that the coral reef sand foundation and a common quartz sand foundation have different bearing characteristics,
disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve at least one technical problem in the prior art and provides a test system for simulating bearing capacity of coral reef sand in a tidal environment.
The invention also provides a method for testing by using the test system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment.
The test system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment comprises a model box, a test platform and a test platform, wherein the model box is used for loading the coral reef sand, the top of the model box is open, and an observation area is arranged on the side wall of the model box; the loading device is provided with a dynamic and static loading mechanism and a pressure-bearing structure, the pressure-bearing structure is erected on the coral reef sand, and the dynamic and static loading mechanism is in contact with the upper part of the pressure-bearing structure; the deformation measuring mechanism comprises a high-speed camera erected beside the model box, and a lens of the high-speed camera is over against the observation area; and the water circulation mechanism is provided with timing equipment, a water storage tank communicated with the model box and an air pump connected with the water storage tank, the water storage tank is of a closed structure, and a filtering structure and a switch valve are arranged between the water storage tank and the model box.
The test system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment, provided by the embodiment of the invention, has at least the following beneficial effects: the test system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment comprises a model box, a loading device, a deformation measuring mechanism and a water circulation mechanism, wherein the water circulation mechanism is provided with a timing device, a water storage tank communicated with the model box and an air pump connected with the water storage tank; moreover, loading device can carry out the loading of dynamic load or static load condition to coral reef sand including sound load mechanism, has increased this test system's simulation situation, conveniently confirms the bearing characteristic of coral reef sand under the different conditions, and the suitability is strong.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the water storage tank is provided at an upper portion thereof with an air port connected to the air pump and at a lower portion thereof with a water outlet connected to the mold box via a water pipe, the filter structure comprising at least one filter membrane disposed within the water pipe.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a flow meter is mounted on the water pipe.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the bearing structure is a bearing plate on which a plurality of displacement meters are arranged.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a plurality of soil pressure gauges are arranged in the model box, and the soil pressure gauges are respectively embedded in different thickness positions of the coral reef sand.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the dynamic and static loading mechanism comprises a fixed frame and an actuator mounted on the fixed frame, the actuator is located above the model box, and the loading direction of the actuator is vertical.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the deformation measuring mechanism is further provided with an image analysis device in signal communication with the high speed camera.
According to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the method for testing by using the testing system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment of the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises the following steps: filling coral reef sand in the model box; starting the high-speed camera and setting the photographing frequency of the high-speed camera; opening the switch valve, starting the air pump, injecting water in the water storage tank into the model box, and closing the switch valve when water overflows from the surface of the coral reef sand; building a pressure-bearing structure on the coral reef sand, enabling a dynamic and static load mechanism to be in contact with the upper part of the pressure-bearing structure, opening the dynamic and static load mechanism to apply load, starting a switch valve, and repeatedly pumping and inflating by using an air pump until the soil body of the coral reef sand is damaged; and during static load experiments, all levels of loads are applied after the settlement of the coral reef sand is stable.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the bottom of the model box is filled with coral reef sand of 20-25 cm to serve as a cushion layer, and C, B and A coral reef sand of three different grades are sequentially filled on the surface of the cushion layer in a layered mode from bottom to top.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the filling height of the grade A coral reef sand, the grade B coral reef sand and the grade C coral reef sand is 10 cm-15 cm, and the upper surfaces of the grade A coral reef sand, the grade B coral reef sand and the grade C coral reef sand are parallel to a horizontal plane or form an included angle of 10 degrees or 20 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples;
fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a mold box and a loading device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1, the test system for simulating the bearing capacity of coral reef sand in a tidal environment according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises a model box 1, a loading device, a deformation measuring mechanism and a water circulation mechanism.
Specifically, the model box 1 is used for loading coral reef sand, the top of the model box 1 is open, and the side wall of the model box is provided with an observation area 11; the loading device is provided with a dynamic and static loading mechanism 21 and a pressure-bearing structure 22, wherein the pressure-bearing structure 22 is erected on coral reef sand, and the dynamic and static loading mechanism 21 is in contact with the upper part of the pressure-bearing structure 22; the deformation measuring mechanism comprises a high-speed camera erected beside the model box 1, and a lens of the high-speed camera is over against the observation area 11; the water circulation mechanism is provided with timing equipment, a water storage tank communicated with the model box 1 and an air pump connected with the water storage tank, the water storage tank is of a closed structure, and a filtering structure and a switch valve are arranged between the water storage tank and the model box 1.
The test system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment comprises a model box 1, a loading device, a deformation measuring mechanism and a water circulation mechanism, wherein the water circulation mechanism is provided with a timing device, a water storage tank communicated with the model box 1 and an air pump connected with the water storage tank, and the air pump is used for adjusting and controlling the air pressure in the water storage tank to change the water quantity entering the model box 1, so that the simulation of the tidal environment is realized, and the timing device is also convenient for an experimenter to control the tidal circulation time; furthermore, loading device is including sound load mechanism 21, can carry out the loading of dynamic load or the static load condition to coral reef sand, has increased the simulation situation of this test system, conveniently confirms the bearing characteristic of coral reef sand under the different conditions, and the suitability is strong.
In some embodiments, the upper part of the water storage tank is provided with an air port connected with an air pump, the lower part of the water storage tank is provided with a water outlet, the bottom of the model box 1 is provided with a water inlet 12, the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected with the water inlet 12 of the model box 1 through a water pipe, the filtering structure comprises at least one filtering membrane arranged in the water pipe, and the path of coral reef sand entering the water storage tank is blocked by the filtering membrane, so that the loss of the coral reef sand in the model; furthermore, a flowmeter is arranged on the water pipe, and the flowmeter is used for monitoring the water quantity change of the water storage tank, so that the monitoring of the water quantity entering and exiting the model box 1 is achieved. More specifically, in this embodiment, the water pipe is a circular rubber pipe, and both ends of the circular rubber pipe are connected with the water outlet of the water storage tank and the water inlet 12 of the model box 1 through threads, and are respectively provided with a sealing ring to enhance the sealing performance, wherein the sealing ring is made of rubber.
As shown in fig. 1, the pressure-bearing structure 22 of this embodiment is a bearing plate, and a plurality of displacement meters are disposed on the bearing plate. It can be understood that each displacement meter is evenly distributed at the edge of the bearing plate, and the settlement amount of the coral reef sand is visually tested by utilizing the displacement meters. Furthermore, a plurality of soil pressure gauges are arranged in the model box 1 and are respectively embedded in positions with different thicknesses of the coral reef sand, wherein each soil pressure gauge is in signal connection with a dynamic strain acquisition instrument, so that testers can obtain strain data in real time.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the dynamic and static loading mechanism 21 includes a fixed frame 211 and an actuator 212 mounted on the fixed frame 211, and it can be understood that the actuator 212 is located above the model box 1, and the loading direction of the actuator 212 is vertical. Specifically, the fixing frame 211 includes two positioning posts respectively disposed at two sides of the mold box 1 and a cross beam connected between the two positioning posts, and the actuator 212 is fixed to a lower portion of the cross beam. Further, the deformation measuring mechanism of this embodiment is further provided with an image analyzing device in signal communication with the high-speed camera, wherein the image analyzing device is provided with a MATLAB program therein, and image data is processed by the MATLAB program. It can be understood that, in order to ensure the clarity of the picture shot by the high-speed camera, an LED lamp is installed on the side frame of the high-speed camera as a supplementary light source.
According to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the method for testing by using the testing system for simulating the bearing capacity of the coral reef sand in the tidal environment of the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises the following steps:
a. filling coral reef sand in the model box 1;
b. starting the high-speed camera and setting the photographing frequency of the high-speed camera;
c. opening a switch valve, starting an air pump, injecting water in a water storage tank into the model box 1, and closing the switch valve when water overflows from the surface of the coral reef sand to complete the saturation work of the coral reef sand;
d. building the pressure-bearing structure 22 on the coral reef sand, enabling the dynamic and static load mechanism 21 to be in contact with the upper part of the pressure-bearing structure 22, opening the dynamic and static load mechanism 21 to apply load, starting a switch valve, and repeatedly pumping and inflating by using an air pump until the soil body of the coral reef sand is damaged;
during static load experiments, a slow loading method is adopted, loads at all levels are applied after the settlement of the coral reef sand is stable, the loading rate is kept at 50kPa/min during specific loading, the maximum bearing capacity is estimated according to the actual foundation bearing capacity condition, and the loads are loaded in stages; and when a dynamic load experiment is carried out, loading is carried out in a low-frequency cyclic loading mode, specifically, loading is carried out by using a loading rate of 50kpa/min, when the loading reaches 100kpa, the application frequency is adjusted to be 0.1HZ, the dynamic offset is 100kpa, the amplitude of each section of cyclic load is sequentially increased upwards according to 5-10-15-20-25 kpa, each section of cyclic load is circulated for 20 times, and the total cycle is 100 times. The dynamic offset is 100kpa.200kpa.300kpa each time, the amplitude is increased progressively according to 5%, and the next stage of load is applied until the foundation is broken after the cyclic load loading is finished.
In some embodiments of the invention, 20-25 cm of coral reef sand is filled at the bottom of the model box 1 to serve as a cushion layer, and C, B and A three coral reef sands with different grades are sequentially filled on the surface of the cushion layer from bottom to top in a layered manner. When the coral reef sand is filled, layered filling and compaction are carried out according to the compaction degree of 0.8. Furthermore, the filling heights of the grade A coral reef sand, the grade B coral reef sand and the grade C coral reef sand are all 10-15 cm, and the upper surfaces of the grade A coral reef sand, the grade B coral reef sand and the grade C coral reef sand are parallel to the horizontal plane or form an included angle of 10 degrees or 20 degrees with the horizontal plane. It can be understood that in order to make the change of the coral reef sand foundation shot by the high-speed camera more obvious, colored sand can be added into the coral reef sand during an actual test. Specifically, the grading parameters of grade a, grade B and grade C coral reef sands are shown in table 1.
Table 1: grading parameters of grade A, grade B and grade C coral reef sand
Before the experiment is formally started, a bearing experiment is firstly carried out on the homogeneous coral reef sand foundation, so that the experimental method is verified and corrected. After formal tests, the development process of coral reef sand deformation is analyzed, and the test results of the coral reef sand deformation and the homogeneous coral reef sand foundation are compared, so that the change rule of the soil failure mode and the foundation bearing capacity of the horizontal layered foundation under two conditions of static loading and dynamic loading (low-frequency cyclic loading) can be obtained.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A test system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity under tidal environment, its characterized in that: the coral reef sand loading device comprises a model box and a sand loading device, wherein the model box is used for loading coral reef sand, the top of the model box is opened, and an observation area is arranged on the side wall of the model box; the loading device is provided with a dynamic and static loading mechanism and a pressure-bearing structure, the pressure-bearing structure is erected on the coral reef sand, and the dynamic and static loading mechanism is in contact with the upper part of the pressure-bearing structure;
the deformation measuring mechanism comprises a high-speed camera erected beside the model box, and a lens of the high-speed camera is over against the observation area; and
the water circulation mechanism is provided with timing equipment, a water storage tank communicated with the model box and an air pump connected with the water storage tank, the water storage tank is of a closed structure, and a filtering structure and a switch valve are arranged between the water storage tank and the model box.
2. The testing system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the upper part of the water storage tank is provided with an air port connected with the air pump, the lower part of the water storage tank is provided with a water outlet, the water outlet is connected with the model box through a water pipe, and the filtering structure comprises at least one filtering membrane arranged in the water pipe.
3. The testing system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment of claim 2, wherein: and a flowmeter is arranged on the water pipe.
4. The testing system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bearing structure is a bearing plate, and a plurality of displacement meters are arranged on the bearing plate.
5. The testing system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment as claimed in claim 4, wherein: and a plurality of soil pressure gauges are arranged in the model box, and the soil pressure gauges are respectively embedded in different thickness positions of the coral reef sand.
6. The testing system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the dynamic and static load mechanism comprises a fixed frame and an actuator arranged on the fixed frame, the actuator is positioned above the model box, and the loading direction of the actuator is vertical.
7. The testing system for simulating coral reef sand bearing capacity in a tidal environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the deformation measuring mechanism is further provided with an image analysis device, and the image analysis device is in signal communication with the high-speed camera.
8. A method for testing by using the test system for simulating bearing capacity of coral reef sand in a tidal environment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which comprises the following steps:
filling coral reef sand in the model box;
starting the high-speed camera and setting the photographing frequency of the high-speed camera;
opening the switch valve, starting the air pump, injecting water in the water storage tank into the model box, and closing the switch valve when water overflows from the surface of the coral reef sand;
building a pressure-bearing structure on the coral reef sand, enabling a dynamic and static load mechanism to be in contact with the upper part of the pressure-bearing structure, opening the dynamic and static load mechanism to apply load, starting a switch valve, and repeatedly pumping and inflating by using an air pump until the soil body of the coral reef sand is damaged;
and during static load experiments, all levels of loads are applied after the settlement of the coral reef sand is stable.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the bottom of the model box is filled with coral reef sand of 20-25 cm to serve as a cushion layer, and C, B and A coral reef sand of different grades are sequentially filled on the surface of the cushion layer from bottom to top in a layered mode. .
10. The method of claim 9, wherein: the filling heights of the grade A coral reef sand, the grade B coral reef sand and the grade C coral reef sand are all 10-15 cm, and the upper surfaces of the grade A coral reef sand, the grade B coral reef sand and the grade C coral reef sand are parallel to a horizontal plane or form an included angle of 10 degrees or 20 degrees with the horizontal plane.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113405952A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-09-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Device for simulating coral reef sand cementing process |
| CN114279847A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-05 | 武汉科技大学 | Coral sand foundation flat plate load model test method |
| CN114324820A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test device for simulating overall process of weakening of seabed gas-containing slope and landslide |
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| CN204924879U (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-30 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Sea wall shore protection concrete receives analogue means of sea water intrusion |
| CN108181173A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-19 | 天津大学 | It can be with the test model of simulative immersion embankment |
| CN110670640A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-01-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Bearing capacity test system under dynamic and static loads of coral reef sand foundation |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN204924879U (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-12-30 | 广东省水利水电科学研究院 | Sea wall shore protection concrete receives analogue means of sea water intrusion |
| CN108181173A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-19 | 天津大学 | It can be with the test model of simulative immersion embankment |
| CN110670640A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2020-01-10 | 武汉理工大学 | Bearing capacity test system under dynamic and static loads of coral reef sand foundation |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113405952A (en) * | 2021-05-10 | 2021-09-17 | 武汉理工大学 | Device for simulating coral reef sand cementing process |
| CN114324820A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电建集团华东勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Test device for simulating overall process of weakening of seabed gas-containing slope and landslide |
| CN114279847A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-04-05 | 武汉科技大学 | Coral sand foundation flat plate load model test method |
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