CN112708174B - Rubber composition, screening method thereof and tire adopting composition - Google Patents
Rubber composition, screening method thereof and tire adopting composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN112708174B CN112708174B CN202011430671.3A CN202011430671A CN112708174B CN 112708174 B CN112708174 B CN 112708174B CN 202011430671 A CN202011430671 A CN 202011430671A CN 112708174 B CN112708174 B CN 112708174B
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 7
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000005062 Polybutadiene Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003712 anti-aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004636 vulcanized rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,1-n',1-n',2-n,2-n,2-n',2-n'-octamethylethene-1,1,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound CN(C)C(N(C)C)=C(N(C)C)N(C)C CBXRMKZFYQISIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219053 Rumex Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006285 olefinic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L9/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons
- C08L9/06—Copolymers with styrene
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L7/00—Compositions of natural rubber
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
- G01N33/445—Rubber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of tire production and manufacturing, in particular to an ultralow-abrasion and ultralow-rolling-resistance rubber composition for production, a screening method thereof and a tire adopting the composition. A rubber composition, comprising: a rubber component comprising two and a filler comprising at least white carbon, wherein: the rubber component is microscopically separated into two phases in the rubber compound; two rubber components which differ in the peak temperature of the temperature sweep curve which is manifested in the viscous modulus G'; vulcanizing the rubber composition to obtain a G 'value and peak temperatures of temperature scanning curves of T1 and T2, G', wherein the temperature corresponding to the peak value with low temperature is marked as T1, and the temperature corresponding to the peak value with high temperature is marked as T2; the relation between T1 and T2 needs to be satisfied, wherein T2 is more than 0 ℃ and T1 is less than 20 ℃. According to the application, G' is used for representing Tg, polymers with different Tg are not used for obtaining the effect of partial micro-phase separation, and finally the tire tread rubber composition with good rolling resistance and abrasion balance is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of tire production and manufacturing, in particular to an ultralow-abrasion and ultralow-rolling-resistance rubber composition for production, a screening method thereof and a tire adopting the composition.
Background
In recent years, as the demand of automobiles for energy conservation and emission reduction is gradually increased, the low rolling resistance performance of tires is also more emphasized. On the other hand, the problem of fine particles of vulcanized rubber on tire treads after abrasion has attracted new attention. The micro powder particles after the abrasion of the tire are of a three-dimensional network structure, and are more difficult to degrade in a natural environment than common high polymer materials. Therefore, it is a difficult problem that tire designers need to overcome the problem of greatly balancing the performances of abrasion and rolling resistance on the premise of maintaining the performances of wet grip and the like.
Generally, tire rolling resistance is mainly due to heat generation of the tread rubber filler, that is, friction between the fillers. Therefore, reducing the amount of filler in the tread rubber is one of the simplest methods for reducing rolling resistance. However, in this case, the reinforcing effect of the filler on the tread rubber is reduced, and the abrasion resistance of the tire is also significantly deteriorated. Therefore, tire designers often balance rolling resistance and wear performance by finding the optimum filler loading.
On the other hand, rubber, which is another main component in the tread rubber, is also a focus of attention of tire designers. The use of low glass transition temperature (Tg) rubbers, such as butadiene and natural rubber, is effective in reducing rolling resistance and wear, but adversely affects the grip of the tire. Therefore, it is often necessary to add styrene-butadiene rubber with a high glass transition temperature to the compound to supplement the grip ability. But the styrene butadiene rubber is unfavorable for rolling resistance and abrasion of the tire.
Based on such a demand, various proposals have been made so far as described below. For example, in our earlier patent CN105623018B, two solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubbers and butadiene rubber with different Tg were used to obtain a tire with a rolling resistance up to class a. Further, in our patent CN106750668B, we use low Tg end modified solution polymerized styrene butadiene rubber instead of butadiene rubber, to improve the dispersion of white carbon black in rubber, and obtain a tire with rolling resistance and wet grip reaching a level a at the same time.
However, none of the above patents have specifically designed and studied the wear of tires. In patent CN108350232A, the inventors have proposed to use the hysteresis loss (tan δ) of the compound to characterize the rubber Tg, and designed the difference between the Tg of different rubbers to balance rolling resistance and wear. However, recent studies have found that tan δ is not accurate in the characterization of Tg. As in Rubber Chemistry and Technology journal (RCT) 85(3): 313-326 (2012), and Macromolecules journal 44(5): 1177-.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, G' is used for representing Tg, polymers with different Tg are not used for obtaining the effect of partial micro-phase separation, and finally the tire tread rubber composition with better rolling resistance and abrasion balance is obtained.
In order to achieve the above object, the present application adopts the following technical solutions:
a rubber composition, comprising: a rubber component comprising two and a filler comprising at least white carbon, wherein:
the rubber component is microscopically separated into two phases in the rubber compound; two rubber components which differ in the peak temperature of the temperature sweep curve which is manifested in the viscous modulus G';
vulcanizing the rubber composition to obtain a G 'value and peak temperatures of temperature scanning curves of T1 and T2, G', wherein the temperature corresponding to the peak value with low temperature is marked as T1, and the temperature corresponding to the peak value with high temperature is marked as T2;
the relation between T1 and T2 needs to be satisfied, wherein T2 is more than 0 ℃ and T1 is less than 20 ℃.
Preferably, T1 is satisfied at-70 ℃ < T1 < -30 ℃; t2 is satisfied, T1 is more than-20 ℃ and the temperature is less than-50 ℃.
Preferably, the relationship between T1 and T2 is as follows: T2-T1 at 8 ℃ and 15 ℃.
Preferably, the G "values of the present application, as well as T1 and T2, were obtained using a dynamic mechanical analyzer DMA under temperature sweep, with a test frequency of 20Hz, a static strain of 2% and a dynamic strain of 0.25%. The temperature scanning range is-100 to 60 ℃.
Preferably, the compounding amount of the white carbon black is 5 to 60 parts relative to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, and the specific surface area of the white carbon black is 100 to 250m 2/g; still more preferably, the amount of the white carbon is 30 to 55 parts per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The white carbon black is added into the tread composition, so that the abrasion resistance and the wet land gripping performance can be improved. If the amount of the white carbon black is less than 5 parts, the abrasion resistance of the rubber material is extremely deteriorated. On the other hand, if the amount of the white carbon black is more than 60 parts, the rolling resistance of the rubber material can be obviously reduced.
Preferably, the rubber components are two of the olefinic rubbers; more preferably, the rubber component is two of natural rubber, styrene butadiene rubber and butadiene rubber. But is not limited to such rubbers.
Preferably, the rubber composition further comprises a silane coupling agent and a softening oil, and the compounding amounts of the silane coupling agent and the softening oil are 2 to 6 parts and 25 to 40 parts, respectively, with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component; further, zinc oxide, stearic acid, an anti-aging agent, paraffin, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator are included.
Further, the application also discloses application of the rubber composition in preparing a tire tread rubber with ultralow abrasion and ultralow rolling resistance. The ultra-low tire has the rolling resistance coefficient of below 6.5 and ultra-low abrasion, and the running mileage of an 205/55R16 tire made of the ultra-low tire reaches over 8 kilometers.
Further, the application also discloses a tire, and the tread rubber of the tire adopts the rubber composition.
Further, the application also discloses a method for screening the rubber component of the rubber composition, which comprises the following steps:
1) mixing the two rubber components, white carbon black and other auxiliaries except sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator in an internal mixer to obtain a sheet, standing, and adding the sulfur and the vulcanization accelerator to mix to obtain a rubber composition;
2) vulcanizing the rubber composition to obtain a G' value, and T1 and T2; g 'is the viscous modulus, the peak temperature of the temperature scanning curve of G', the temperature corresponding to the peak with low temperature is marked as T1, and the temperature corresponding to the peak with high temperature is marked as T2;
3) the temperature scanning curve of the G' of the sizing material has only one peak, and the balance performance of rolling resistance and abrasion resistance can not be achieved; if the temperature scanning curve of the G' of the rubber material has two peaks, but T2-T1 is more than or equal to 20 ℃, two phases in the components are considered to be completely separated, the abrasion resistance index is lower, and the abrasion of the tire is poor; only when the temperature scanning curve of G' of the rubber material has two peaks and simultaneously meets the conditions that the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and less than T2 and the temperature is less than T1 and less than 20 ℃, the rubber material is considered to have two phases which are micro-incompatible, and the rolling resistance and the abrasion resistance of the rubber material can be simultaneously optimized.
According to the technical scheme, the Tg is represented by G', and the effect of partial micro-phase separation is obtained without using polymers with different Tg, so that the tire tread rubber composition with good rolling resistance and abrasion balance is finally obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a temperature sweep curve for G' for a rubber composition, which is a curve with two distinct peaks, as indicated by the rubber phases being completely incompatible, T2-T1 > 20 ℃.
FIG. 2 is a temperature scan curve of G' for a rubber composition, which is two peaks of microscopic phase separation, and 0 ℃ < T2-T1 < 20 ℃.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without limiting the scope of the invention to these examples.
Examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 and 2 in the formulation (parts by weight) shown in Table 1, raw rubber except for a vulcanization accelerator and sulfur and the compounded composition were mixed with a 1.7-liter internal mixer for 5 minutes and then discharged, and after leaving to stand for 24 hours, the vulcanization accelerator and sulfur were mixed with the mixture for 4 minutes in 8 inches to obtain a rubber composition.
These rubber compositions were press-vulcanized at 160 ℃ for 20 minutes to prepare desired abrasion samples and subjected to the Arthrone abrasion test. For the rolling resistance of tires, the tread compositions of the different embodiments are made into tires, and the components and structures of other components of the tires are the same.
The physical properties of the resulting vulcanized rubber, including abrasion resistance index and rolling resistance, are shown in Table 1. The formulation raw materials in table 1 are 100 parts by weight of pure rubber. The raw materials used in the formula are detailed:
solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber A, E581, a product of Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., Japan; solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber B, 5251H, a product of Korea brocade lake chemical Co., Ltd.; solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber C, NS612, a product of Japan Rumex chemical Co., Ltd; white carbon black, 1165MP, a product of sony chemical corporation of Qingdao; silane coupling agent, Si69, conifer chemical; softening oil, TDAE, Hansheng chemical products.
Other raw materials comprise 2 parts of zinc oxide, 3 parts of stearic acid, 2 parts of an anti-aging agent 4020, 1.5 parts of paraffin, 1.8 parts of sulfur and 2 parts of a vulcanization accelerator, which are all commercial industrial-grade products.
Description of the properties:
abrasion resistance index: the measurement was carried out at room temperature for 4 minutes using an attritor of the attritor type of the Akron type at a load of 5kg and a slip rate of 25%. The value of comparative example 3 was set to 100 and indexed. The larger the index, the better the abrasion resistance.
The obtained tread compositions of the respective patterns were used to prepare 205/55R16 standard passenger car tires. The composition and structure of the other components of the tire are the same. The rolling resistance results of the other examples were obtained with the tire rolling resistance index value of comparative example 3 being 100. The smaller the index, the lower the rolling resistance.
Table 1, formulation and performance:
note: the total softening oil in the table is the sum of the softening oil of the solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber and the softening oil additionally added in the formula.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, including any reference to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. The general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The rubber composition comprises two rubber components and a filler at least comprising white carbon black, wherein the rubber components comprise natural rubber and solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber; wherein:
the rubber component is microscopically separated into two phases in the rubber compound; two rubber components which differ in the peak temperature of the temperature sweep curve which is manifested in the viscous modulus G';
vulcanizing the rubber composition to obtain a G 'value and peak temperatures of temperature scanning curves of T1 and T2, G', wherein the temperature corresponding to the peak value with low temperature is marked as T1, and the temperature corresponding to the peak value with high temperature is marked as T2;
the relation between T1 and T2 needs to be satisfied, wherein the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and less than T2 and the temperature is more than T1 and less than 20 ℃.
2. Use according to claim 1, wherein T1 is such that-70 ℃ < T1 < -30 ℃; t2 is satisfied, T1 is more than-20 ℃ and the temperature is less than-50 ℃.
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the relationship between T1 and T2 is: T2-T1 at 8 ℃ and 15 ℃.
4. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the value of G ", and T1 and T2, are obtained using a dynamic mechanical analyzer DMA under temperature sweep, with a test frequency of 20Hz, a static strain of 2%, a dynamic strain of 0.25%, and a temperature sweep in the range-100 to 60 ℃.
5. The use according to claim 1, wherein the amount of said white carbon is 5 to 60 parts by mass based on 100 parts by mass of said rubber component, and the specific surface area of white carbon is 100 to 250m 2 /g。
6. The use according to claim 5, characterized in that the compounded amount of white carbon is 30 to 55 parts relative to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
7. The use according to claim 1, wherein a silane coupling agent and a softening oil are further included in the rubber composition in compounding amounts of 2 to 6 parts and 25 to 40 parts, respectively, relative to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the rubber composition further comprises zinc oxide, stearic acid, an antioxidant, paraffin, sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator.
9. A method for screening a rubber component of a rubber composition for producing a tread rubber for an ultra-low abrasion and ultra-low rolling resistance tire, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) mixing the two rubber components, white carbon black and other auxiliaries except sulfur and a vulcanization accelerator in an internal mixer to obtain a sheet, standing, adding the sulfur and the vulcanization accelerator, and mixing to obtain a rubber composition, wherein the two rubber components comprise natural rubber and solution polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber;
2) vulcanizing the rubber composition to obtain a G' value, and T1 and T2; g 'is the viscous modulus, the peak temperature of the temperature scanning curve of G', the temperature corresponding to the peak with low temperature is marked as T1, and the temperature corresponding to the peak with high temperature is marked as T2;
3) the temperature scanning curve of the G' of the sizing material has only one peak, and the balance performance of rolling resistance and abrasion resistance can not be achieved; if the temperature scanning curve of the G' of the rubber material has two peaks, but T2-T1 is more than or equal to 20 ℃, two phases in the components are considered to be completely separated, the abrasion resistance index is lower, and the abrasion of the tire is poor; only when the temperature scanning curve of G' of the rubber material has two peaks and simultaneously meets the conditions that the temperature is more than 0 ℃ and less than T2 and the temperature is less than T1 and less than 20 ℃, the rubber material is considered to have two phases which are micro-incompatible, and the rolling resistance and the abrasion resistance of the rubber material can be simultaneously optimized.
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2020
- 2020-12-07 CN CN202011430671.3A patent/CN112708174B/en active Active
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| CN110596359A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2019-12-20 | 中国热带农业科学院农产品加工研究所 | Method for judging raw rubber processing performance of natural rubber |
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| Title |
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| "SSBR/NR共混硫化胶的结构与性能研究";杜延博;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技Ⅰ辑》;20090115(第01期);B016-40 * |
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Address after: 310008 No. 1, No. 1 Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Applicant after: Zhongce Rubber Group Co.,Ltd. Address before: 310008 No.1 Baiyang street, Qiantang New District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province Applicant before: ZHONGCE RUBBER GROUP Co.,Ltd. |
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