CN112701818B - Rotor structure, motor and rotor machining method - Google Patents

Rotor structure, motor and rotor machining method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112701818B
CN112701818B CN202011497456.5A CN202011497456A CN112701818B CN 112701818 B CN112701818 B CN 112701818B CN 202011497456 A CN202011497456 A CN 202011497456A CN 112701818 B CN112701818 B CN 112701818B
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rotor
rotor structure
filling
magnetic barrier
groove
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CN112701818A (en
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陈彬
肖勇
胡余生
史进飞
李霞
张志东
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K15/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K15/02—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining or repairing of dynamo-electric machines of stator or rotor bodies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/165—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors characterised by the squirrel-cage or other short-circuited windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a rotor structure, a motor and a rotor processing method, wherein the rotor structure is provided with at least one pair of rotor poles, each rotor pole is provided with a plurality of magnetic barrier layers, and the rotor structure comprises: each magnetic barrier layer comprises a slit groove, and filling grooves are formed in two ends of the slit groove of at least part of the magnetic barrier layers; the slit grooves are symmetrically arranged relative to the quadrature axis of the rotor structure, and the filling grooves of the magnetic barrier layers are arranged along the direction of the straight axis of the rotor structure. The rotor structure solves the problem of poor starting capability of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the prior art.

Description

Rotor structure, motor and rotor machining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motors, in particular to a rotor structure, a motor and a rotor processing method.
Background
The self-starting synchronous reluctance motor combines the advantages of an asynchronous motor on the basis of the synchronous reluctance motor, realizes self-starting through asynchronous torque generated by a rotor conducting bar, and realizes constant-speed operation through reluctance torque.
Compared with a synchronous reluctance motor, the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor does not need to be driven by a frequency converter, so that the loss of a motor system is reduced, and the efficiency of the motor is improved; compared with an asynchronous motor, the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor can run at a constant speed, the loss of a rotor is low, and the running efficiency of the motor is high; compared with an asynchronous starting permanent magnet synchronous motor, the permanent magnet synchronous motor does not use permanent magnet materials, is low in cost and does not have the problem of demagnetization of permanent magnets.
In the prior art, the filling slots of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor are uniformly or non-uniformly spaced along the circumference of the rotor, which results in poor starting ability of the motor and failure to ensure motor efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a rotor structure, a motor and a rotor processing method, and aims to solve the problem that a self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the prior art is poor in starting capability.
In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotor structure having at least one pair of rotor poles, each of which is provided with a plurality of magnetic barrier layers, the rotor structure comprising: each magnetic barrier layer comprises a slit groove, and filling grooves are formed in two ends of the slit groove of at least part of the magnetic barrier layers; the slit grooves are symmetrically arranged relative to the quadrature axis of the rotor structure, and the filling grooves of the magnetic barrier layers are arranged along the direction of the straight axis of the rotor structure.
Further, the plurality of magnetic barrier layers are arranged in a direction of a quadrature axis of the rotor structure.
Furthermore, the plurality of magnetic barrier layers comprise a first magnetic barrier layer and a plurality of second magnetic barrier layers which are sequentially arranged along the intersecting axis of the rotor structure, and the first magnetic barrier layer is positioned on one side of the plurality of second magnetic barrier layers close to the outer edge of the rotor pole; each second magnetic barrier layer comprises a first slit groove and first filling grooves arranged at two ends of the first slit groove; the first magnetic barrier layer is formed by a second slit groove; or the first barrier layer includes a second slit groove and a second filling groove disposed at both ends of the second slit groove.
Furthermore, on the same rotor punching sheet, the total area of the filling grooves of the multiple magnetic barrier layers on the end face of the rotor punching sheet is 30-70% of the total area of the rotor grooves of the rotor punching sheet; the total area of the rotor slots is the total area of the filling slots and the slit slots of the multiple magnetic barrier layers on the end face of the rotor punching sheet.
Further, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis of the rotor structure; along the quadrature axis of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis, the percentage of the area of the filling groove of each magnetic barrier layer on the end surface of the rotor pole in the total area of the corresponding magnetic barrier layer is gradually increased; wherein the total area of each magnetic barrier layer is the sum of the areas of the slit groove and the filling groove of the corresponding magnetic barrier layer on the end face of the rotor pole.
Further, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis of the rotor structure; the area of the filling groove of the magnetic barrier layer close to the straight shaft of the rotor structure in the plurality of magnetic barrier layers on the end face of the rotor pole accounts for more than or equal to 45 percent of the total area of the magnetic barrier layers; wherein the total area of the magnetic barrier layer is the sum of the areas of the slit groove and the filling groove of the magnetic barrier layer on the end face of the rotor pole.
Further, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis of the rotor structure; the depth L4 of the filling groove of each magnetic barrier layer is gradually increased along the quadrature axis of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis; the depth L4 of each filling groove is the length of the filling groove in the direction of the straight axis.
Further, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis of the rotor structure; along the quadrature axis of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis, the area of the filling groove of each magnetic barrier layer on the end face of the rotor pole is gradually increased.
Further, an area of the filling groove closest to the straight axis in the plurality of magnetic barrier layers on the end face of the rotor pole is at least 1.5 times an area of the filling groove farthest from the straight axis on the end face of the rotor pole.
Further, a maximum value L5 of a thickness of the filling groove of each magnetic barrier layer in the cross-axis direction of the rotor structure is smaller than or equal to a maximum value L6 of a width of the slit groove of the magnetic barrier layer in the cross-axis direction of the rotor structure.
Further, the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling groove in the quadrature axis direction of the rotor structure has a value range of: l5 is more than or equal to L6 and is more than or equal to 0.8L 6.
Further, the filling groove extends to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor structure; and/or the filling groove is filled with aluminum or aluminum alloy.
Further, the notch of the filling groove is located at a side of its end portion close to the straight shaft of the rotor structure adjacent thereto, or the notch of the filling groove is located at a middle portion of its end portion.
Further, one side of the end part of the filling groove, which is far away from the straight shaft close to the end part of the filling groove, or two sides of the end part of the filling groove are provided with chamfer surfaces, and the chamfer surfaces are connected with the notch edges of the filling groove.
Furthermore, the included angle between the oblique cutting plane and the wall surface of the groove, which is connected with the oblique cutting plane, of the filling groove is theta, and theta is more than or equal to 125 degrees and less than or equal to 165 degrees.
Further, the width of the notch of the filling groove is L1, L1 is more than or equal to 0.5 sigma and less than or equal to 4 sigma, and sigma is the width of an air gap between the inner diameter of a stator and the outer diameter of a rotor of the motor formed by the rotor structure.
Further, the notch width L1 of the filling groove is smaller than the maximum thickness L5 of the filling groove.
Further, 0.1L5 is not less than L1 is not less than 0.7L 5.
Further, the slit groove and the filling groove at the end thereof are arranged at an interval, and the value range of the interval width L2 is: l2 is more than or equal to 0.8 sigma and less than or equal to 2 sigma; wherein σ is the width of an air gap between the inner diameter of a stator and the outer diameter of a rotor of the motor formed by the rotor structure.
Further, the shortest distance L3 between the slit grooves of two adjacent magnetic barrier layers is greater than 1.8h, and h is the minimum width of the magnetic barrier layer with the smaller size in the two adjacent magnetic barrier layers along the cross axis direction of the rotor structure.
Further, the plurality of magnetic barrier layers are at least two layers, the magnetic barrier layer far away from the straight axis of the rotor structure is composed of slit grooves, or the magnetic barrier layer far away from the straight axis of the rotor structure comprises slit grooves and filling grooves positioned at two ends of the slit grooves.
Further, the width of the slit groove of each magnetic barrier layer gradually increases from the intersecting axis of the rotor structure to the direction of both ends of the slit groove.
Further, in the same rotor pole, the ratio of the sum of the widths of the slit grooves of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers to the width from the shaft hole of the rotor structure to the outer periphery of the rotor pole is 0.3 to 0.5.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electric machine comprising a stator and a rotor, the rotor being of the above-described rotor construction.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rotor machining method for machining the above-mentioned rotor structure, the rotor machining method comprising: obtaining a rotor core, wherein the peripheral surface of the rotor core is larger than that of the rotor structure, so that a temporary rib is formed between the notch of the filling groove of the rotor structure and the peripheral surface of the rotor core; filling materials to be filled into the filling groove and installing an end ring; and removing the temporary ribs to form the rotor structure.
The rotor structure is formed by overlapping rotor punching sheets with specific structures, the rotor structure is provided with at least one pair of rotor poles, each magnetic barrier layer comprises a slit groove, filling grooves are arranged at two ends of the slit groove of at least part of the magnetic barrier layers, the slit groove and the filling grooves are arranged on the rotor punching sheets, the slit grooves are symmetrically arranged relative to the intersecting axis of the rotor structure, and the extending direction of the filling grooves of each magnetic barrier layer is parallel to the direction along the straight axis of the rotor structure. Therefore, the filling grooves realize self-short circuit connection through filling materials in the filling grooves and end rings positioned at two axial ends of the rotor structure, and the filling grooves provide asynchronous torque for the motor at the starting stage of the motor to realize self-starting of the motor. The filling grooves of each magnetic barrier layer are arranged along the direction of the straight shaft of the rotor structure, so that the area of the straight shaft filling grooves can be increased, the straight shaft resistance is reduced, the average torque of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the starting process is improved, the starting capability of the motor is enhanced, and the problem that the starting capability of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the prior art is poor is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 shows a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of a rotor structure according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a rotor sheet of the rotor structure shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic structural view of the rotor structure shown in FIG. 1 before removal of the temporary ribs;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural view of a rotor sheet according to a second embodiment of the rotor structure of the present invention; and
figure 5 shows a graph of the rotational speed of a motor with a rotor structure according to the invention versus the rotational speed of a motor with a rotor structure according to the prior art during starting over time.
Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:
100. rotor punching sheets; 10. a rotor pole; 1. a magnetic barrier layer; 101. a first magnetic barrier layer; 102. a second magnetic barrier layer; 11. a slit groove; 111. a first slit groove; 112. a second slit groove; 12. filling the groove; 121. a first filling groove; 122. a second filling groove; 120. a chamfer plane; 20. a shaft hole; 30. temporary ribs; 2. a rotor central axis; 3. a straight shaft; 4. intersecting axes; 200. and an end ring.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present invention provides a rotor structure having at least one pair of rotor poles 10, each rotor pole 10 having a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 disposed thereon, the rotor structure including: each magnetic barrier layer 1 comprises a slit groove 11, and filling grooves 12 are arranged at two ends of the slit groove 11 of at least part of the magnetic barrier layers 1 in the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1; wherein the respective slit grooves 11 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure and the filling grooves 12 of the respective barrier layers 1 are arranged in the direction of the direct axis 3 of the rotor structure.
The rotor structure is formed by overlapping rotor punching sheets 100 with specific structures, the rotor structure is provided with at least one pair of rotor poles 10, each magnetic barrier layer 1 comprises a narrow slot 11, filling slots 12 are arranged at two ends of the narrow slot 11 of at least part of the magnetic barrier layers 1, the narrow slot 11 and the filling slots 12 are arranged on the rotor punching sheets 100, each narrow slot 11 is symmetrically arranged relative to the intersecting axis 4 of the rotor structure, and the extending direction of the filling slot 12 of each magnetic barrier layer 1 is parallel to the direction along the straight axis 3 of the rotor structure. In this way, the filling grooves 12 realize self-short circuit connection through the filling material therein and the end rings 200 at the two axial ends of the rotor structure, and the filling grooves 12 provide asynchronous torque for the motor during the starting stage of the motor, so that the motor is started automatically. The filling grooves of each magnetic barrier layer are arranged along the direction of the straight shaft of the rotor structure, so that the area of the straight shaft filling grooves can be increased, the straight shaft resistance is reduced, the average torque of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the starting process is improved, the starting capability of the motor is enhanced, and the problem that the starting capability of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the prior art is poor is solved.
In the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor, the magnetic field direction of a rotor is a straight shaft 3, also called a d shaft, and an orthogonal shaft 4 and the straight shaft 3 have a 90-degree electrical angle difference, also called a q shaft.
The magnetic barriers, i.e. the magnetic flux barriers, are structures that block the passage of magnetic lines of force, a magnetic channel is formed between two adjacent magnetic flux barriers in the same rotor pole 10, and the magnetic flux barriers are formed by filling hollow air grooves or other non-magnetic materials in the grooves.
The following formula for calculating the average electromagnetic torque of the motor during starting is shown:
Figure BDA0002842615440000041
in the formula, Te-aveFor average electromagnetic torque, P is the number of pole pairs of the machine, SSYNCIs slip, omega is the electrical angular velocity of the motor, VSIs the effective value of the input end voltage, Rrd、RrqD-axis and q-axis resistances of the rotor, Lmd、LmqRespectively a d-axis excitation inductance and a q-axis excitation inductance of the stator, Lds、LqsThe leakage inductance of the stator d axis and the leakage inductance of the stator q axis are respectively.
Due to d-axis leakage inductance L of statordsAnd stator q-axis leakage inductance LqsRelatively close to, and stator d-axis excitation inductance LmdIs far larger than q-axis excitation inductance L of statormqTherefore, it is
Figure RE-GDA0002933735470000051
Far greater than
Figure RE-GDA0002933735470000052
Therefore, in the case where the filled trench 12 has the same area, the d-axis resistance R is reducedrdIs more effective in improving the average of the motor during startingElectromagnetic torque Te-aveThe method of (1). By arranging the filling grooves 12 only in the direction along the d-axis of the rotor structure, the area of the filling grooves 12 at the d-axis can be increased, and the d-axis resistance R can be reducedrdThereby increasing the average electromagnetic torque T of the motor during startinge-aveAnd the starting capability of the motor is improved.
In particular, a plurality of barrier layers 1 are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure. In the same rotor pole 10, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 are arranged at intervals in sequence in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 include a first magnetic barrier layer 101 and a plurality of second magnetic barrier layers 102 arranged in sequence along the intersecting axis 4 of the rotor structure, and the first magnetic barrier layer 101 is located on one side of the plurality of second magnetic barrier layers 102 close to the outer edge of the rotor pole 10; wherein each second barrier layer 102 includes a first slit groove 111 and first filling grooves 121 disposed at both ends of the first slit groove 111; the first magnetic barrier layer 101 is constituted by the second slit groove 112; or the first barrier layer 101 includes a second slit groove 112 and second filling grooves 122 provided at both ends of the second slit groove 112.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3, of the plurality of barrier layers 1 of one rotor pole 10, the barrier layer 1 near the outer edge of the rotor structure includes only the slit groove 11, and the remaining barrier layers 1 each include the slit groove 11 and the filling grooves 12 provided at both ends of the slit groove 11.
As in the embodiment shown in fig. 4, each of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 of one rotor pole 10 is composed of a slit groove 11 and filling grooves 12 provided at both ends of the slit groove 11.
Wherein, every two adjacent magnetic barrier layers 1 are mutually spaced, and each filling groove 12 or slit groove 11 and the filling groove 12 or slit groove 11 adjacent to the filling groove 12 or slit groove are mutually spaced.
Specifically, on the same rotor sheet 100, the total area of the filling grooves 12 of the multiple magnetic barrier layers 1 on the end face of the rotor sheet 100 is 30% to 70% of the total area of the rotor grooves on the end face of the rotor sheet 100; the total area of the rotor slots is the total area of the filling slots 12 and the slit slots 11 of the multiple magnetic barrier layers 1 on the end face of the rotor sheet 100. Therefore, a certain area ratio of the filling groove 12 is ensured, the direct-axis resistance can be reduced, the average torque of the motor in the starting process is improved, and the starting capability of the motor is enhanced.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 2, a rotor pole 10 comprises five magnetic barrier layers 1, wherein four magnetic barrier layers 1 each have a filling groove 12 therein, and the areas of the single filling grooves 12 in the magnetic barrier layers 1 are S1, S2, S3 and S4 in sequence in the direction away from the rotor central axis 2. A rotor sheet 100 comprises p pairs of rotor poles 10, the total area of the filling slots 12 on the rotor sheet 100 is 4p × (S1+ S2+ S3+ S4), which accounts for 30% to 70%, preferably 35% to 50%, of the total area of the rotor slots on the rotor sheet 100, where p is the number of rotor pole pairs.
Specifically, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure; along the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis 3, the area of the filling grooves 12 of each magnetic barrier layer 1 on the end face of the rotor pole 10 accounts for a gradually increasing percentage of the total area of the corresponding magnetic barrier layer 1; wherein the total area of each magnetic barrier layer 1 is the sum of the areas of the slit grooves 11 and the filling grooves 12 of the respective magnetic barrier layer 1 on the end face of the rotor pole 10.
Preferably, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure; the percentage of the area of the filling grooves 12 of the magnetic barrier layer 1 close to the straight shaft 3 of the rotor structure in the end face of the rotor pole 10 in the magnetic barrier layer 1 is greater than or equal to 45%; wherein the total area of the magnetic barrier layer 1 is the sum of the areas of the slit grooves 11 and the filling grooves 12 of the magnetic barrier layer 1 on the end face of the rotor pole 10.
The percentage of the area of the filling groove 12 in each magnetic barrier layer 1 in the total area of the magnetic barrier layer 1 is gradually increased from the direction of the quadrature axis 4 to the direction of the direct axis 3, the area of the filling groove 12 in the magnetic barrier layer 1 close to the direction of the direct axis 3 accounts for 45% and more than the total area of the magnetic barrier layer 1, and the purpose of setting is to reasonably utilize the space of the rotor structure to arrange the filling groove 12, so that the area of the filling groove 12 close to the direction of the direct axis 3 reaches the maximization.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure; the depth L4 of the filling grooves 12 of each barrier layer 1 becomes gradually larger along the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis 3; the depth L4 of each filling groove 12 is the length of the filling groove 12 in the direction of the straight shaft 3.
The depth L4 of the filling groove 12 is a dimension of the filling groove 12 in the direction of the straight axis 3, and the depth L4 of the filling groove 12 of each magnetic barrier layer 1 gradually increases from the quadrature axis 4 to the straight axis 3.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 are arranged in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure; the area of the filling grooves 12 of each barrier layer 1 on the end faces of the rotor poles 10 is gradually increased along the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure and in the direction close to the direct axis 3.
Along the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure and along a direction close to the direct axis 3, i.e. along a direction close to the rotor central axis 2, the area of each magnetic barrier layer 1 filling the slot 12 is S4, S3, S2, S1 in sequence, wherein S1> S2> S3> S4. Therefore, the utilization rate of the rotor space can be increased, the area of the filling groove of the rotor in the direction of the d axis is increased, the direct axis resistance is reduced, and the average torque of the motor in the starting process is improved.
Preferably, the area of the filling groove 12 closest to the straight shaft 3 in the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 on the end face of the rotor pole 10 is at least 1.5 times the area of the filling groove 12 farthest from the straight shaft 3 on the end face of the rotor pole 10.
The area S1 of the filling groove 12 closest to the straight shaft 3 in each magnetic barrier layer 1 is at least 1.5 times of the area S4 of the filling groove 12 farthest from the straight shaft 3, namely S1 is more than or equal to 1.5S4, so that the utilization rate of the rotor space is increased, the area of the filling groove of the rotor along the direction of the d shaft is increased, the resistance of the d shaft is reduced, and the average torque of the motor in the starting process is improved.
As shown in fig. 2, the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling groove 12 of each magnetic barrier layer 1 in the direction of the cross axis 4 of the rotor structure is smaller than or equal to the maximum value L6 of the width of the slit groove 11 of the magnetic barrier layer 1 in the direction of the cross axis 4 of the rotor structure.
Preferably, the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling slot 12 in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure ranges from: l5 is more than or equal to L6 and is more than or equal to 0.8L 6.
The maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling groove 12 in each magnetic barrier layer 1 is the maximum dimension of the filling groove 12 along the direction of the cross axis 4, the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling groove 12 in one magnetic barrier layer 1 should be not more than the maximum value L6 of the width of the corresponding slot 11 along the direction of the cross axis 4, preferably, 0.8L6 ≦ L5 ≦ L6, and further preferably, 0.95L6 ≦ L5 ≦ L6. Therefore, the smoothness of a magnetic path of the rotor structure can be ensured, so that magnetic lines of force on the rotor structure can smoothly enter an air gap, the output torque of the motor is improved, and the efficiency of the motor is improved.
Specifically, the filling groove 12 extends to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor structure; and/or the filling groove 12 is filled with aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The plurality of filling grooves 12 of the rotor structure in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 and 3 are open grooves, and the notches of the filling grooves 12 are open at the outer circumferential surface of the rotor sheet 100.
The filling grooves 12 are filled with conductive but non-conductive material, preferably aluminum or aluminum alloy, the filling grooves 12 form self-short-circuit connection through end rings at two ends of the rotor, and form a squirrel cage structure, and the material of the end rings is the same as that of the filling material in the filling grooves 12. The self-shorting filled slots 12 may provide asynchronous torque during the motor start phase to achieve self-starting of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, the filling groove 12 is located between the outer circumferential surface of the rotor sheet 100 and the shaft hole 20 of the rotor sheet 100, the filling groove 12 is in a closed structure without a notch, and the minimum distance between the wall surface of the filling groove 12 and the outer circumferential surface of the rotor sheet 100 is not zero.
As shown in fig. 2, the notch of the filling groove 12 is located at a side of its end portion close to the straight shaft 3 of the rotor structure adjacent thereto, or the notch of the filling groove 12 is located at a middle portion of its end portion.
The width of the notch of the filling groove 12 is smaller than the width of the filling groove 12. The notch of the filling groove 12 is located at one end of the filling groove 12 close to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor sheet 100, and is located at one side of the filling groove 12 close to the straight shaft 3 of the rotor structure; or the notch of the filling groove 12 is located at one end of the filling groove 12 close to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor sheet 100, and is located in the middle of the end.
As shown in fig. 2, the side of the end of the filling groove 12 away from the straight shaft 3 near thereto or both sides of the end of the filling groove 12 is provided with a chamfered surface 120, and the chamfered surface 120 is connected with the notch edge of the filling groove 12.
Specifically, the end part of the filling groove 12 is provided with a chamfer 120 at one side far away from the straight shaft 3 close to the end part or at two sides of the middle part of the end part of the filling groove 12, and the chamfer 120 is connected with the notch of the filling groove 12 to form a semi-open groove structure of the filling groove 12. By arranging the inclined plane 120, the magnetic channel between the filling grooves 12 close to the outer peripheral surface of the rotor structure is widened, the straight-axis magnetic flux can smoothly enter the stator through the inclined plane 120, the influence of the notch of the filling groove 12 on the straight-axis magnetic flux is reduced, and the straight-axis inductance is ensured; meanwhile, the inclined plane 120 can improve magnetic flux distribution, slow down magnetic flux change, reduce torque pulsation generated by interaction with a stator tooth groove and reduce vibration noise of the motor. Simultaneously, set up the notch and can effectively obstruct the quadrature axis magnetic flux and flow, reduce the quadrature axis inductance, increase the difference of direct axis and quadrature axis inductance, promote the output torque and the efficiency of motor.
Preferably, the included angle between the chamfer 120 and the groove wall surface of the filling groove 12 connected with the chamfer 120 is theta, and theta is more than or equal to 125 degrees and less than or equal to 165 degrees.
The angle between the inclined cut plane 120 and the corresponding groove wall surface of the filling groove 12 is theta, theta is equal to or larger than 125 degrees and equal to or smaller than 165 degrees, the arrangement of the inclined cut plane 120 can reduce the influence of the opening of the filling groove 12 on the direct-axis inductance, so that the direct-axis magnetic lines can smoothly enter the stator and generate torque, and the inclined cut plane 120 can also reduce the sudden change of the inductance and reduce the reluctance torque pulsation.
Specifically, the width of the notch of the filling groove 12 is L1, and L1 is more than or equal to 0.5 sigma and less than or equal to 4 sigma, wherein sigma is the width of an air gap between the inner diameter of a stator and the outer diameter of a rotor of the motor formed by the rotor structure.
The width of the slot opening of the filling slot 12 is L1, L1 satisfies 0.5 sigma < L1 < 4 sigma, sigma is the width of the air gap between the inner diameter of the stator and the outer diameter of the rotor of the motor with the rotor structure of the invention, and preferably 1.5 sigma < L1 < 3 sigma.
Specifically, the notch width L1 of the filling groove 12 is smaller than the maximum thickness L5 of the filling groove 12.
The slot width L1 of the filling slot 12 should be smaller than the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling slot 12, the maximum value of the thickness of the filling slot 12 is the maximum dimension L5 of the filling slot 12 along the cross-axis direction, and the selection of the appropriate slot width L1 helps the rotor structure to obtain the best inductance difference so as to obtain better motor efficiency.
Preferably, 0.1L 5. ltoreq.L 1. ltoreq.0.7L 5.
Specifically, the slit groove 11 and the filling groove 12 located at the end thereof are spaced apart from each other, and the spacing width L2 has a value range of: l2 is more than or equal to 0.8 sigma and less than or equal to 2 sigma; wherein σ is the width of the air gap between the inner diameter of the stator and the outer diameter of the rotor of the motor formed by the rotor structure of the invention.
The slit grooves 11 and the filling grooves 12 jointly form a plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 of the rotor structure, wherein the filling grooves 12 and the slit grooves 11 in each magnetic barrier layer 1 are mutually spaced, the spacing width is L2, wherein L2 is more than or equal to 0.8 sigma, sigma is the width of an air gap between the inner diameter of a stator and the outer diameter of a rotor of a motor with the rotor structure, and the filling grooves 12 and the slit grooves 11 need to be smoothly connected. Set up like this, can guarantee rotor structure's mechanical strength on the one hand, reduce the magnetic leakage between filling groove 12 and the slit groove 11, on the other hand fills the smooth and easy connection between groove 12 and the slit groove 11 and can make rotor structure's magnetic circuit passageway smooth and easy, reduces rotor structure's magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit.
Specifically, the shortest distance L3 between the slit grooves 11 of two adjacent layers of the magnetic barrier layers 1 is greater than 1.8h, and h is the minimum width of the magnetic barrier layer 1 with the smaller size in the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure.
The shortest distance between two adjacent magnetic barrier layers 1 is L3, and the minimum width of the magnetic barrier layer 1 with smaller size in two adjacent magnetic barrier layers 1 along the direction of the quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure is h, and L3 should be greater than 1.8h, so the smooth and easy of the magnetic circuit of the rotor structure can be guaranteed, the processing difficulty of the rotor structure can be reduced, and the uniformity and the unsaturation degree of the magnetic density distribution of the rotor structure can be guaranteed.
Alternatively, the plurality of barrier layers 1 are at least two layers, and the barrier layer 1 away from the straight axis 3 of the rotor structure is composed of slit grooves 11, or the barrier layer 1 away from the straight axis 3 of the rotor structure includes slit grooves 11 and filling grooves 12 at both ends of the slit grooves 11.
In one rotor pole 10, the number of the magnetic barrier layers 1 may be two or more, and the magnetic barrier layers 1 far from the straight axis 3 of the rotor structure may be the slit groove 11 or a combination of the slit groove 11 and the filling groove 12.
Preferably, the width of the slit groove 11 of each barrier layer 1 gradually increases from the intersection axis 4 of the rotor structure to both ends of the slit groove 11.
Both ends of the slit groove 11 in each of the magnetic barrier layers 1 extend in the direction of the straight axis 3, and the width of the slit groove 11 in each of the magnetic barrier layers 1 gradually increases from the intersecting axis 4 in the middle of the slit groove 11 toward both ends of the slit groove 11. The width of the slit groove 11 refers to the dimension of the slit groove 11 in the direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the slit groove 11.
Preferably, the ratio of the sum of the widths of the slit grooves 11 of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 to the width of the shaft hole 20 of the rotor structure to the outer periphery of the rotor pole 10 in the same rotor pole 10 is 0.3 to 0.5.
As shown in fig. 2, the widths of the five magnetic barrier layers 1 are m1, m2, m3, m4 and m5 in sequence along the direction close to the rotor central axis 2, the sum of the widths of the slit grooves 11 of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 is (m1+ m2+ m3+ m4+ m5) of the slit grooves 11 of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers 1 along the radial direction of the rotor sheet 100, and the width between the shaft hole 20 of the rotor sheet 100 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor sheet 100 is the shortest distance m6 between the shaft hole 20 of the rotor sheet 100 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor sheet 100, wherein (m1+ m2+ m3+ m4+ m5)/m6 is 0.3 to 0.5.
The magnetic barrier layer 1 is selected in a reasonable proportion, so that the width of the magnetic barrier layer 1 can be ensured to be enough, the quadrature axis magnetic flux can be effectively blocked, a reasonable magnetic flux channel can be ensured, the supersaturation of a magnetic circuit can be prevented, the direct axis magnetic flux can be increased, and the salient pole ratio of the motor can be increased.
The invention provides a motor which comprises a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is of the rotor structure.
The motor is a self-starting synchronous reluctance motor, the rotor structure of the motor is formed by overlapping rotor punching sheets 100 with specific structures and installing end rings 200 at two axial ends of the rotor punching sheets, the rotor punching sheets 100 are provided with slit grooves 11, filling grooves 12 and shaft holes 20, the filling grooves 12 arranged on the rotor punching sheets 100 extend along the direction of a straight shaft 3 of the rotor structure, and the slit grooves 11 are symmetrical about a quadrature axis 4 of the rotor structure. The invention realizes the self-starting of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor by arranging the filling groove 12 on the rotor structure; through the special arrangement of the filling grooves 12, the area of the straight shaft filling grooves 12 of the rotor structure is increased, the straight shaft resistance of the rotor is reduced, the asynchronous torque of the motor in the starting stage is improved, and the starting capability of the motor is enhanced.
The invention also provides a rotor processing method for processing the rotor structure, which comprises the following steps: obtaining a rotor core, wherein the peripheral surface of the rotor core is larger than that of the rotor structure, so that a temporary rib 30 is formed between the notch of the filling groove 12 of the rotor structure and the peripheral surface of the rotor core; filling the filling groove 12 with a material to be filled and installing the end ring 200; the temporary ribs 30 are removed to form the rotor structure.
The rotor processing method of the invention is as follows:
first, as shown in fig. 3, a rotor core having a diameter slightly larger than that of the outer peripheral surface of the rotor sheet 100 is manufactured, and at this time, the notches of the filling grooves 12 are closed, and the temporary ribs 30 for separating the filling grooves 12 from the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core are provided at positions corresponding to the notches of the filling grooves 12.
Then, a material is filled into the filling groove 12, and the filled material is welded to the end rings 200 located at both axial sides of the rotor core to form a squirrel cage structure.
Finally, the temporary beads 30 are removed by a machining method such as turning to form a half-open structure filling the notch of the groove 12, thereby manufacturing the above-described rotor structure.
As shown in fig. 5, in the comparison graph of the rotation speed of the motor with the rotor structure of the present invention and the rotation speed of the motor with the rotor structure of the prior art in the starting process with time, it can be seen that the rotation speed of the motor with the rotor structure of the present invention gradually increases and tends to be stable with the increase of time, the loaded starting and the pull-in synchronization of the motor can be successfully realized, the self-starting capability of the motor is enhanced, and the rotation speed of the motor of the prior art fluctuates below the synchronous speed and cannot be pulled in synchronization.
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 4, the magnetic barrier layer 1 composed of the filling groove 12 and the slit groove 11 may be two or more layers; the outermost magnetic barrier layer 1 in the direction near the intersecting axis 4 may be a slit groove 11 alone or a combination of the slit groove 11 and the filling groove 12; the filling groove 12 can be an open groove or a closed groove; when the filling groove 12 is an open groove, the notch position can be arranged at one side of the end part of the filling groove 12 close to the straight shaft 3 adjacent to the end part of the filling groove or at the middle position of the end part of the filling groove 12 or at both sides; the rotor structure may be a two-pole motor or a more-pole motor.
From the above description, it can be seen that the above-described embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:
(1) the invention realizes the self-starting of the synchronous reluctance motor by arranging the filling groove 12 on the rotor structure; by the special position design of the filling groove, the average torque of the self-starting synchronous reluctance motor in the starting process can be improved, and the starting capability of the motor is enhanced.
(2) The asynchronous torque provided by the rotor conducting bar (namely the bar-shaped structure formed by the filling material in the filling groove 12) realizes the self-starting of the motor, solves the problem that the synchronous reluctance motor needs to be driven by a frequency converter, reduces the loss of the motor and improves the efficiency of the motor.
(3) Through the specific area and the specific size of the filling groove 12, the overload starting capability of the motor is improved under the condition of ensuring the efficiency of the motor and the mechanical strength of a rotor structure.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (24)

1. A rotor structure having at least one pair of rotor poles (10), each rotor pole (10) having a plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) disposed thereon, the rotor structure comprising:
each magnetic barrier layer (1) comprises a slit groove (11), and filling grooves (12) are arranged at two ends of the slit groove (11) of at least part of the magnetic barrier layers (1) in the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1);
wherein each slit groove (11) is symmetrically arranged with respect to the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure, and the filling grooves (12) of each barrier layer (1) are arranged in the direction of the direct axis (3) of the rotor structure;
the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) comprise a first magnetic barrier layer (101) and a plurality of second magnetic barrier layers (102) which are sequentially arranged along a cross axis (4) of the rotor structure, and the first magnetic barrier layer (101) is positioned on one side of the plurality of second magnetic barrier layers (102) close to the outer edge of the rotor pole (10);
wherein each of the second magnetic barrier layers (102) includes a first slit groove (111) and first filling grooves (121) provided at both ends of the first slit groove (111);
the first magnetic barrier layer (101) is formed by a second slit groove (112); or the first magnetic barrier layer (101) includes a second slit groove (112) and second filling grooves (122) provided at both ends of the second slit groove (112).
2. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) are arranged in the direction of a quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure.
3. The rotor structure of claim 1,
on the same rotor punching sheet (100), the total area of the filling grooves (12) of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) on the end face of the rotor punching sheet (100) is 30-70% of the total area of the rotor grooves of the rotor punching sheet (100);
the total area of the rotor slots is the total area of the filling slots (12) and the slit slots (11) of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) on the end face of the rotor punching sheet (100).
4. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) are arranged in the direction of a quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure;
along the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis (3), the area of the filling groove (12) of each magnetic barrier layer (1) on the end surface of the rotor pole (10) is gradually increased to the percentage of the total area of the corresponding magnetic barrier layer (1);
wherein the total area of each magnetic barrier layer (1) is the sum of the areas of the slit groove (11) and the filling groove (12) of the corresponding magnetic barrier layer (1) on the end face of the rotor pole (10).
5. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) are arranged in the direction of a quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure;
the percentage of the area of the filling grooves (12) of the magnetic barrier layers (1) close to the straight shaft (3) of the rotor structure in the end faces of the rotor poles (10) in the magnetic barrier layers (1) to the total area of the magnetic barrier layers (1) is greater than or equal to 45%;
wherein the total area of the magnetic barrier layer (1) is the sum of the areas of the slit grooves (11) and the filling grooves (12) of the magnetic barrier layer (1) on the end face of the rotor pole (10).
6. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) are arranged in the direction of a quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure;
the depth L4 of the filling groove (12) of each magnetic barrier layer (1) is gradually increased along the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis (3);
wherein the depth L4 of each filling groove (12) is the length of the filling groove (12) along the direction of the straight shaft (3).
7. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) are arranged in the direction of a quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure;
along the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure and along the direction close to the direct axis (3), the area of the filling groove (12) of each magnetic barrier layer (1) on the end face of the rotor pole (10) is gradually increased.
8. A rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the area of the filling groove (12) of the plurality of magnetic barrier layers (1) closest to the straight shaft (3) on the end face of the rotor pole (10) is at least 1.5 times the area of the filling groove (12) furthest from the straight shaft (3) on the end face of the rotor pole (10).
9. A rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling groove (12) of each of the magnetic barrier layers (1) in the direction of the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure is smaller than or equal to the maximum value L6 of the width of the slit groove (11) of that magnetic barrier layer (1) in the direction of the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure.
10. The rotor structure according to claim 9, characterized in that the maximum value L5 of the thickness of the filling slot (12) in the direction of the quadrature axis (4) of the rotor structure has a value in the range: l5 is more than or equal to L6 and is more than or equal to 0.8L 6.
11. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the filling groove (12) extends to the outer circumferential surface of the rotor structure; and/or the filling groove (12) is filled with aluminum or aluminum alloy.
12. A rotor structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the notch of the filling slot (12) is located at one side of its end close to the straight shaft (3) of the rotor structure adjacent to it, or the notch of the filling slot (12) is located in the middle of its end.
13. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the side of the end of the filling groove (12) remote from the straight shaft (3) near to it or the sides of the end of the filling groove (12) are provided with chamfered surfaces (120), which chamfered surfaces (120) are connected with the notch edges of the filling groove (12).
14. The rotor structure according to claim 13, characterized in that the angle between the chamfer (120) and the groove wall surface of the filling groove (12) that connects to the chamfer (120) is θ, 125 ° ≦ θ ≦ 165 °.
15. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot opening width of the filling slot (12) is L1, 0.5 σ ≦ L1 ≦ 4 σ, σ being the air gap width between the stator inner diameter and the rotor outer diameter of the electric machine formed by the rotor structure.
16. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot opening width L1 of the filling slot (12) is smaller than the maximum thickness L5 of the filling slot (12), wherein the maximum thickness L5 of the filling slot (12) is the maximum dimension of the filling slot (12) in the direction of the intersecting axes.
17. The rotor structure of claim 16, wherein 0.1L 5L 1L 5.
18. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the slot groove (11) is spaced from the filling groove (12) at its end and the spacing width L2 has a value in the range: l2 is more than or equal to 0.8 sigma and less than or equal to 2 sigma; wherein σ is the width of an air gap between the inner diameter of a stator and the outer diameter of a rotor of the motor formed by the rotor structure.
19. The rotor structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the shortest distance L3 between the slit grooves (11) of two adjacent layers of the magnetic barrier layers (1) is larger than 1.8h, h being the smallest width of the magnetic barrier layer (1) with smaller dimension in the direction of the cross axis (4) of the rotor structure.
20. The rotor structure according to any of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the plurality of barrier layers (1) is at least two layers, the barrier layer (1) remote from the straight axis (3) of the rotor structure being constituted by a slit groove (11), or the barrier layer (1) remote from the straight axis (3) of the rotor structure comprising a slit groove (11) and filling grooves (12) at both ends of the slit groove (11).
21. The rotor structure according to any one of claims 1 to 19, wherein the width of the slit groove (11) of each of the magnetic barrier layers (1) is gradually increased from the intersection axis (4) of the rotor structure to both ends of the slit groove (11).
22. A rotor structure according to any of claims 1-19, characterized in that in one and the same rotor pole (10), the ratio between the sum of the widths of the slit grooves (11) of the plurality of barrier layers (1) and the width of the shaft bore (20) of the rotor structure to the outer periphery of the rotor pole (10) is 0.3-0.5.
23. An electrical machine comprising a stator and a rotor, wherein the rotor is a rotor structure as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 22.
24. A rotor machining method for machining the rotor structure of any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized by comprising:
obtaining a rotor core, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core is larger than that of the rotor structure, so that a temporary rib (30) is formed between the notch of the filling groove (12) of the rotor structure and the outer peripheral surface of the rotor core;
filling the filling groove (12) with a material to be filled and installing an end ring (200);
removing the temporary ribs (30) to form the rotor structure.
CN202011497456.5A 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 Rotor structure, motor and rotor machining method Active CN112701818B (en)

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CN1889326A (en) * 2005-06-29 2007-01-03 乐金电子(天津)电器有限公司 Single-phase starting reluctance motor rotor
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CN107994698A (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-05-04 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of 2 magnetic poles are without controller self-starting permanent magnetism assist in synchronization reluctance motor
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