CN112699851A - Desertification identification method based on satellite remote sensing technology - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite; step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output; step three: by observing the output image and analyzing the desertification degree of the area, the TM image processing technology is adopted, the image is a space remote sensing image widely applied by people at present, and the image has the advantages of high resolution, 30m multiplied by 30m, large wave band information amount, 7 channels, large coverage area, 185km multiplied by 185krn per scene, high acquisition speed, high geometric precision, favorable computer processing, good classification capability, moderate price and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of desertification identification, in particular to a desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology.
Background
The satellite remote sensing technology is a comprehensive scientific technology, integrates achievements of disciplines such as space, electronics, optics, computer communication, geoscience and the like, and is a main component of 3S (RS, GIS and GPS) technology. Satellite remote sensing uses an artificial satellite as a platform, and the satellite can be divided into a stationary satellite and a polar orbit satellite according to the relative position relation between the satellite as the platform and the earth.
Desertification is a natural (unnatural) phenomenon in which the productivity of large pieces of soil is reduced or lost due to factors such as drought, rain, vegetation damage, strong wind erosion, running water erosion, soil salinization and the like. It has a narrow and broad meaning, and originated in the late 60 and early 70 of the 20 th century, and in the western africa, sub-saharan areas of africa, with severe drought, leading to unprecedented disasters, and the term "desertification" has thus begun to spread. The final result of desertification is mostly desertification, and China is one of the countries with serious desertification in the world.
Therefore, monitoring the desertification distribution and the dynamic change thereof is an important basis for desertification control decision, but the existing desertification interpretation method based on the satellite remote sensing technology has obvious technical defects, and a set of systematic interpretation method is urgently needed so as to monitor the desertification occurrence area and further give an early warning.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite;
step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output;
step three: the output image is observed, and then the desertification degree of the region is analyzed.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises hardware: SGI series workstations, CHALLENGE servers, OCTANE1, OCTANE2 and other network environments; HP750CM inkjet plotter, tape drive, and other input and output devices.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises the following software: and image processing software such as ER-MAPPER5.1 and ER-DAS 8.3.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, TM image processing technology is adopted for image processing, a geometric correction method of quadratic polynomial is selected according to the characteristics of TM images, and when the method is used for correction, the same-name feature points which are uniformly distributed and are easy to determine on an image and a topographic map, such as crossing points of farmland forest networks, crossing points of small rivers and canals, road crossing points and the like, are selected.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the quantity, quality and space-time distribution of the vegetation on the ground surface are the reflection of the quality condition of the natural landscape and the quality and the social management measures, once the green cover and the soil structure are damaged, the desertification is rapidly intensified, the vegetation coverage and the growth condition of the vegetation have important functions on the occurrence and the development of the desertification, generally speaking, in the desertification areas with high vegetation coverage and good growth conditions, the desertification degree is slight, otherwise, the desertification degree is serious, therefore, the vegetation information plays an important role in monitoring the desertification, and the information of each channel of TM is related to the reflection spectrum characteristics of vegetation, according to the reflection harmonic characteristics of plants and the TM spectrum characteristics of vegetation, the combination of TM4, 5 and 3 wave bands is a good pseudo-color synthesis scheme, and the combination of the wave bands is applied to obtain a satisfactory result.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the TM453 combined images after the wave band combination are used to distinguish different land features, especially vegetation information in desertification areas and cities, by using multi-segment linear gray scale stretching transformation, which can linearly stretch all land features within the full radiance range of 0-255, or perform different linear stretching on target land features within a certain gray scale range, and compress other non-target land features, thereby achieving the purpose of extracting and tower strengthening the target land features.
As a still further scheme of the invention: after image information enhancement processing is carried out in the second step, geographic grid information and boundaries are loaded on a satellite image map, the satellite image map can be better applied, the six kilometer grids are loaded in combination with the fact that six kilometer grids are arranged in forest resource deafness, sampling inspection is carried out on a geographic map, whether grid points are correct is verified, and corresponding boundaries are loaded according to different scales of output images, such as provincial boundaries and county boundaries on a provincial map; the map with county as unit includes county and country.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, in a six-kilometer grid, taking a grid point as a center, extracting a square kilometer land image, estimating the total body by using a sample according to the principle of mathematical statistics, thereby saving the post-processing cost and the visual interpretation amount of the image, finally printing and outputting the processed result image, generally printing and outputting by using an ink-jet plotter or outputting by using a manufactured tape for scanning a negative film, and then carrying out optical amplification processing to manufacture a photo.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention adopts TM image processing technology, is a space remote sensing image widely applied by people at present, and has the advantages of high resolution, 30m multiplied by 30m, large amount of wave band information, 7 channels, large coverage, 185km multiplied by 185krn per scene, high acquisition speed, high geometric accuracy, contribution to computer processing, good classification capability, moderate price and the like.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite;
step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output;
step three: the output image is observed, and then the desertification degree of the region is analyzed.
Preferably, in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises hardware: SGI series workstations, CHALLENGE servers, OCTANE1, OCTANE2 and other network environments; HP750CM inkjet plotter, tape drive, and other input and output devices.
Preferably, in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises software: and image processing software such as ER-MAPPER5.1 and ER-DAS 8.3.
Preferably, in the second step, the image processing adopts a TM image processing technology, a geometric correction method of a quadratic polynomial is selected according to the characteristics of the TM image, and when the method is used for correction, the same-name feature points which are uniformly distributed and are easy to determine on an image and a topographic map, such as intersections of farmland forest networks, intersections of rivers and canals, road intersections and the like, are selected.
Preferably, in the second step, the quantity, quality and space-time distribution of the vegetation on the ground are the reflection of the quality status of natural landscape and the quality of social management measures, once the green cover and the soil structure are destroyed, the desertification is rapidly intensified, the vegetation coverage and the growth status of the vegetation play an important role in the occurrence and development of the desertification, generally speaking, in the desertification areas with high vegetation coverage and good growth conditions, the desertification degree is slight, otherwise, the desertification degree is serious, therefore, the vegetation information plays an important role in monitoring the desertification, and the information of each channel of TM is related to the reflection spectrum characteristics of vegetation, according to the reflection harmonic characteristics of plants and the TM spectrum characteristics of vegetation, the combination of TM4, 5 and 3 wave bands is a good pseudo-color synthesis scheme, and the combination of the wave bands is applied to obtain a satisfactory result.
Preferably, in the second step, the TM453 after the wave band combination synthesizes an image, in order to highlight the information of the image and distinguish different land features, especially vegetation information of desertification areas and cities, a multi-segment linear gray scale stretching transformation is adopted, the transformation can perform linear stretching on all land features within the range of the full radiance level of 0-255, and can also perform different linear stretching on target land features within a certain gray scale range and perform compression processing on other non-target land features, thereby achieving the purpose of extracting and tower strengthening the target land features.
Preferably, after image information enhancement processing in the second step, geographic grid information and boundaries are loaded on a satellite image map, so that the satellite image map can be better applied, the six kilometers of grids are loaded in forest resource deafness by combining the reality of grid distribution points of the six kilometers of forest resource deafness, sampling inspection is carried out by using a geographic map, whether grid points are correct or not is verified, and corresponding boundaries are loaded according to different scales of output images, such as provincial boundaries and county boundaries on a provincial map; the map with county as unit includes county and country.
Preferably, in the second step, in a six kilometer grid, taking a grid point as a center, extracting a square kilometer land image, estimating the total body by using a sample according to the principle of mathematical statistics, thereby saving the post-processing cost and the visual interpretation amount of the image, finally printing and outputting the processed result image, generally printing and outputting by using an ink-jet plotter or outputting by using a manufactured tape for scanning a negative film, and then carrying out optical amplification processing to manufacture a photo.
Example one
A desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite;
step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output;
step three: the output image is observed, and then the desertification degree of the region is analyzed.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises hardware: SGI series workstations, CHALLENGE servers, OCTANE1, OCTANE2 and other network environments; HP750CM inkjet plotter, tape drive, and other input and output devices.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises the following software: and image processing software such as ER-MAPPER5.1 and ER-DAS 8.3.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, TM image processing technology is adopted for image processing, a geometric correction method of quadratic polynomial is selected according to the characteristics of TM images, and when the method is used for correction, the same-name feature points which are uniformly distributed and are easy to determine on an image and a topographic map, such as crossing points of farmland forest networks, crossing points of small rivers and canals, road crossing points and the like, are selected.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the quantity, quality and space-time distribution of the vegetation on the ground surface are the reflection of the quality condition of the natural landscape and the quality and the social management measures, once the green cover and the soil structure are damaged, the desertification is rapidly intensified, the vegetation coverage and the growth condition of the vegetation have important functions on the occurrence and the development of the desertification, generally speaking, in the desertification areas with high vegetation coverage and good growth conditions, the desertification degree is slight, otherwise, the desertification degree is serious, therefore, the vegetation information plays an important role in monitoring the desertification, and the information of each channel of TM is related to the reflection spectrum characteristics of vegetation, according to the reflection harmonic characteristics of plants and the TM spectrum characteristics of vegetation, the combination of TM4, 5 and 3 wave bands is a good pseudo-color synthesis scheme, and the combination of the wave bands is applied to obtain a satisfactory result.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the TM453 combined images after the wave band combination are used to distinguish different land features, especially vegetation information in desertification areas and cities, by using multi-segment linear gray scale stretching transformation, which can linearly stretch all land features within the full radiance range of 0-255, or perform different linear stretching on target land features within a certain gray scale range, and compress other non-target land features, thereby achieving the purpose of extracting and tower strengthening the target land features.
As a still further scheme of the invention: after image information enhancement processing is carried out in the second step, geographic grid information and boundaries are loaded on a satellite image map, the satellite image map can be better applied, the six kilometer grids are loaded in combination with the fact that six kilometer grids are arranged in forest resource deafness, sampling inspection is carried out on a geographic map, whether grid points are correct is verified, and corresponding boundaries are loaded according to different scales of output images, such as provincial boundaries and county boundaries on a provincial map; the map with county as unit includes county and country.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, a square kilometer image map is extracted at a six-kilometer grid by taking grid points as centers, the total is estimated by using samples according to the principle of mathematical statistics, so that the post-processing cost and the visual interpretation amount of the image are saved, finally, the processed result map is printed and output, a manufactured tape is used for outputting to be used for scanning a negative film, and then optical amplification processing is carried out to manufacture the photo.
By adopting the TM image series processing technology, the Jiujing TMCCT twin zone in Ningxia date (1987, 1994) is processed. And performing geometric fine correction, band combination optimization, geographic information loading, information characteristic extraction and the like by using ER-mapper image processing software. And (3) preparing an embedded image of the sickle in the two periods of 1: 50000 sample plot, a satellite image of 1: 500000, and a satellite image of the Zhongwei county and the Lingwu county in the two periods of 1: 100000. At present, the pictures are applied in production, and the effect is satisfactory.
By practice, an interpretation mark is established, with which a visual interpretation is made.
By classifying and charting land satellite images in the two periods of 8/1/1986 and 7/21/1994 and carrying out information composition and spatial dynamic change analysis under the support of GIS, the following preliminary conclusions are drawn about the change of ecological environment mainly based on the land utilization conditions in Zhongxia county:
1. the farmland area is enlarged, and the farmland resources of Zhongwei county are 3.76 million hectares in 1986 and 5.42 million hectares in 1994. From the analysis of the two-stage remote sensing information source, the newly-added farmlands are mainly distributed in the water raising engineering and yellow irrigation areas which are being implemented, namely west Taixiang, east Taixiang and big battlefield village, and three-hole headquarters in the southern mountain area;
2. the forest land area is increased by 1.97 million hectares in the middle Wei county in 1994, and is increased by 0.96 million hectares in 1986, and the amplification is 94.4%. The newly-added woodlands are mainly distributed in the town and country, the east garden and country, the hat mountain in the west, the Xiangshan temple in the middle and the raise mountain in the east. Statistical analysis shows that the original forest land is preserved due to the importance of national and local governments on forestry, and the effects of mountain sealing, forest cultivation and plain greening are remarkable;
3. the typical region of Zhongwei county has obvious treatment effect, especially at the edge of desert, combines with water pumping engineering, adopts various effective measures to control the desert to advance, and newly creates concentrated connected orchards and farmlands. However, it should be noted that the problem of land desertification caused by deterioration of the grassland in the mountain area in the south is also increasing day by day, and the sporadic distribution area is increased, and in total, the area of the sand land in 1994 is 7.29 ten thousand hectares, and is slightly increased compared with the area of the sand land in 1986, which is 6.12 thousand hectares.
Example two
A desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite;
step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output;
step three: the output image is observed, and then the desertification degree of the region is analyzed.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises hardware: SGI series workstations, CHALLENGE servers, OCTANE1, OCTANE2 and other network environments; HP750CM inkjet plotter, tape drive, and other input and output devices.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises the following software: and image processing software such as ER-MAPPER5.1 and ER-DAS 8.3.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, TM image processing technology is adopted for image processing, a geometric correction method of quadratic polynomial is selected according to the characteristics of TM images, and when the method is used for correction, the same-name feature points which are uniformly distributed and are easy to determine on an image and a topographic map, such as crossing points of farmland forest networks, crossing points of small rivers and canals, road crossing points and the like, are selected.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the quantity, quality and space-time distribution of the vegetation on the ground surface are the reflection of the quality condition of the natural landscape and the quality and the social management measures, once the green cover and the soil structure are damaged, the desertification is rapidly intensified, the vegetation coverage and the growth condition of the vegetation have important functions on the occurrence and the development of the desertification, generally speaking, in the desertification areas with high vegetation coverage and good growth conditions, the desertification degree is slight, otherwise, the desertification degree is serious, therefore, the vegetation information plays an important role in monitoring the desertification, and the information of each channel of TM is related to the reflection spectrum characteristics of vegetation, according to the reflection harmonic characteristics of plants and the TM spectrum characteristics of vegetation, the combination of TM4, 5 and 3 wave bands is a good pseudo-color synthesis scheme, and the combination of the wave bands is applied to obtain a satisfactory result.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the TM453 combined images after the wave band combination are used to distinguish different land features, especially vegetation information in desertification areas and cities, by using multi-segment linear gray scale stretching transformation, which can linearly stretch all land features within the full radiance range of 0-255, or perform different linear stretching on target land features within a certain gray scale range, and compress other non-target land features, thereby achieving the purpose of extracting and tower strengthening the target land features.
As a still further scheme of the invention: after image information enhancement processing is carried out in the second step, geographic grid information and boundaries are loaded on a satellite image map, the satellite image map can be better applied, the six kilometer grids are loaded in combination with the fact that six kilometer grids are arranged in forest resource deafness, sampling inspection is carried out on a geographic map, whether grid points are correct is verified, and corresponding boundaries are loaded according to different scales of output images, such as provincial boundaries and county boundaries on a provincial map; the map with county as unit includes county and country.
As a still further scheme of the invention: and in the second step, taking the grid points as the center at the six-kilometer grid, extracting a square kilometer image map of the land, estimating the whole image by using the sample according to the principle of mathematical statistics, thereby saving the post-processing cost and the visual interpretation amount of the image, finally printing and outputting the processed result image by using an ink-jet plotter, and printing and outputting the result image by using an ink-jet plotter.
EXAMPLE III
A desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite;
step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output;
step three: the output image is observed, and then the desertification degree of the region is analyzed.
As a further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises hardware: SGI series workstations, CHALLENGE servers, OCTANE1, OCTANE2 and other network environments; HP750CM inkjet plotter, tape drive, and other input and output devices.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises the following software: and image processing software such as ER-MAPPER5.1 and ER-DAS 8.3.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, TM image processing technology is adopted for image processing, a geometric correction method of quadratic polynomial is selected according to the characteristics of TM images, and when the method is used for correction, the same-name feature points which are uniformly distributed and are easy to determine on an image and a topographic map, such as crossing points of farmland forest networks, crossing points of small rivers and canals, road crossing points and the like, are selected.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the quantity, quality and space-time distribution of the vegetation on the ground surface are the reflection of the quality condition of the natural landscape and the quality and the social management measures, once the green cover and the soil structure are damaged, the desertification is rapidly intensified, the vegetation coverage and the growth condition of the vegetation have important functions on the occurrence and the development of the desertification, generally speaking, in the desertification areas with high vegetation coverage and good growth conditions, the desertification degree is slight, otherwise, the desertification degree is serious, therefore, the vegetation information plays an important role in monitoring the desertification, and the information of each channel of TM is related to the reflection spectrum characteristics of vegetation, according to the reflection harmonic characteristics of plants and the TM spectrum characteristics of vegetation, the combination of TM4, 5 and 3 wave bands is a good pseudo-color synthesis scheme, and the combination of the wave bands is applied to obtain a satisfactory result.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, the TM453 combined images after the wave band combination are used to distinguish different land features, especially vegetation information in desertification areas and cities, by using multi-segment linear gray scale stretching transformation, which can linearly stretch all land features within the full radiance range of 0-255, or perform different linear stretching on target land features within a certain gray scale range, and compress other non-target land features, thereby achieving the purpose of extracting and tower strengthening the target land features.
As a still further scheme of the invention: after image information enhancement processing is carried out in the second step, geographic grid information and boundaries are loaded on a satellite image map, the satellite image map can be better applied, the six kilometer grids are loaded in combination with the fact that six kilometer grids are arranged in forest resource deafness, sampling inspection is carried out on a geographic map, whether grid points are correct is verified, and corresponding boundaries are loaded according to different scales of output images, such as provincial boundaries and county boundaries on a provincial map; the map with county as unit includes county and country.
As a still further scheme of the invention: in the second step, a square kilometer image map of the land is extracted at a six-kilometer grid by taking grid points as centers, the total is estimated by using samples according to the principle of mathematical statistics, so that the post-processing cost and the visual interpretation amount of the image are saved, finally, the processed result map is printed and output, and the image is printed by adopting a common printing technology.
| By using techniques | Precision (%) | |
| Example one | Magnetic tape scanning negative film | 100 |
| Example two | Ink jet plotter printing | 90 |
| EXAMPLE III | Conventional printer printing | 80 |
By applying the processing technology, taking Ningxia as an example, the satellite image map of the Ningxia desertification region and the typical county loaded geographic information satellite image map which are clear and rich in content are provided, the visual interpretation precision is favorably improved, certain guiding significance is provided for nationwide desertification monitoring, and the establishment of the remote sensing visual interpretation mark is very useful for visually interpreting the land types. However, continuous improvement and modification are needed to achieve wider applicability, satellite remote sensing data is an important information source for desertification monitoring, TM453 waveband combination is a better waveband combination for desertification monitoring, the precision of a training sample is improved, the precision of a classification result is higher, continuous improvement and deepening of a desertification monitoring index system, application of remote sensing indicators such as vegetation indexes and the like, ground investigation and combination matching of sampling technologies are beneficial to improving the desertification monitoring capacity and level, a magnetic tape is used for being output for scanning a negative film, then optical amplification is carried out, and the precision of a method for manufacturing a photo is more accurate.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes in the embodiments and/or modifications of the invention can be made, and equivalents and modifications of some features of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A desertification identification method based on a satellite remote sensing technology is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: shooting images of the region through a desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system, and inputting pictures shot by a satellite;
step two: performing geometric fine correction on the selected satellite images, combining wave bands, performing enhancement and stretching transformation on the images, then loading geographic information, extracting relevant information, and classifying and drawing the images for output;
step three: the output image is observed, and then the desertification degree of the region is analyzed.
2. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises hardware: SGI series workstations, CHALLENGE servers, OCTANE1, OCTANE2 and other network environments; HP750CM inkjet plotter, tape drive, and other input and output devices.
3. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the desertification monitoring remote sensing data processing information system comprises the following software: and image processing software such as ER-MAPPER5.1 and ER-DAS 8.3.
4. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, TM image processing technology is adopted for image processing, a geometric correction method of quadratic polynomial is selected according to the characteristics of TM images, and when the method is used for correction, the same-name feature points which are uniformly distributed and are easy to determine on an image and a topographic map, such as crossing points of farmland forest networks, crossing points of small rivers and canals, road crossing points and the like, are selected.
5. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the quantity, quality and space-time distribution of the vegetation on the ground are the reflection of the quality of natural landscapes and the good and bad of social management measures, once the green cover and the soil structure are damaged, the desertification is rapidly intensified, the vegetation coverage and the growth condition of the vegetation have important effects on the occurrence and development of the desertification, generally speaking, in the desertification area with high vegetation coverage and good growth condition, the desertification degree is slight, otherwise, the desertification degree is serious, therefore, the vegetation information has very important effects in the desertification monitoring, in addition, each channel information of the TM is related to the reflection spectrum characteristic of the vegetation, according to the reflection wave harmonic characteristic of the plant and the TM spectrum characteristic of the vegetation, the combination of the TM4, 5 and 3 wave bands is a good pseudo-color synthesis scheme, and the combination of the wave bands is applied to obtain a satisfactory result.
6. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, the TM453 combined images after the wave band combination are used to distinguish different land features, especially vegetation information in desertification areas and cities, by using multi-segment linear gray scale stretching transformation, which can linearly stretch all land features within the full radiance range of 0-255, or perform different linear stretching on target land features within a certain gray scale range, and compress other non-target land features, thereby achieving the purpose of extracting and tower strengthening the target land features.
7. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: after image information enhancement processing is carried out in the second step, geographic grid information and boundaries are loaded on a satellite image map, the satellite image map can be better applied, the six kilometer grids are loaded in combination with the fact that six kilometer grids are arranged in forest resource deafness, sampling inspection is carried out on a geographic map, whether grid points are correct is verified, and corresponding boundaries are loaded according to different scales of output images, such as provincial boundaries and county boundaries on a provincial map; the map with county as unit includes county and country.
8. The method for identifying desertification based on the satellite remote sensing technology according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the second step, in a six-kilometer grid, taking a grid point as a center, extracting a square kilometer land image, estimating the total body by using a sample according to the principle of mathematical statistics, thereby saving the post-processing cost and the visual interpretation amount of the image, finally printing and outputting the processed result image, generally printing and outputting by using an ink-jet plotter or outputting by using a manufactured tape for scanning a negative film, and then carrying out optical amplification processing to manufacture a photo.
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