CN112698518A - Lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator, which comprises a first interference arm (1), a second interference arm (2), a first coupler (3) and a second coupler (4) which are integrally formed, wherein the first coupler (3) and the second coupler (4) are respectively formed at two ends of the first interference arm (1) and the second interference arm (2), the first interference arm (1) and the second interference arm (2) at least comprise a reciprocal waveguide and a nonreciprocal waveguide along the length direction, and the optical isolator comprises: the length of the reciprocal waveguide of the first interference arm (1) is different from that of the reciprocal waveguide of the second interference arm (2); the nonreciprocal waveguide comprises a magneto-optical waveguide and a lithium niobate waveguide, the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide are formed by stacking in the height direction, and the magneto-optical waveguide is arranged above the lithium niobate waveguide. The invention has the characteristics of high isolation degree of the reversely transmitted longitudinal mode light, high waveguide coupling efficiency, small device size, easy integration and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of micro-nano optoelectronics integration, in particular to a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator.
Background
With the development of the information age, the performance requirements for fiber optic communication modules, links, and systems are also gradually increasing in order to better meet the "explosively increasing" information transmission needs thereof. In the optical path, reflected light in the opposite direction to the forward propagating light is generated for various reasons, and for example, when light is coupled into an optical fiber, reflected light in the opposite direction to the original propagating light is generated at the end faces and points due to the presence of connectors and fusion splices. When the photons of the reflected wave return to the device, the photons and the semiconductor material perform secondary action to interfere the normal carrier distribution of the luminescent material, so that self-coupling effect and self-excitation effect are generated between optical path systems, the generation of light with other wavelengths and modes is caused, the transmission stability is damaged, and various adverse effects are brought to the device: for a directly modulated laser, reflected waves can bring chirp to the laser, so that severe fluctuation of a light source signal is caused, the modulation bandwidth is reduced, long-distance transmission of a high-speed signal is not facilitated, and the laser can be even burnt in severe cases; for the optical fiber amplifier, the existence of the reflected wave can increase the noise intensity, thereby reducing the transmission signal-to-noise ratio; for an analog signal transmission system, the anti-electromagnetic wave interference capability of the analog signal transmission system is poor, and reflected waves can seriously affect the communication quality; for a coherent optical communication system, reflected waves increase the spectral width of a carrier signal and cause frequency drift, so that the system cannot meet the conditions of a heterodyne method and cannot work normally.
An optical isolator is a device that allows an optical signal to propagate only in one direction and blocks reflected light, and is called an optical isolator, which is similar to a diode in a circuit and can be used to prevent the reflected light generated in an optical path due to various reasons from adversely affecting forward-transmitted light. Therefore, the optical communication system needs to add isolators at these ports, so that the normal operation of the system can be effectively stabilized, and the transmission quality of signals can be ensured. The indexes for measuring the performance of the optical isolator comprise insertion loss, reverse isolation, return loss, 3dB isolation bandwidth, passband bandwidth, polarization-related loss, temperature characteristics and the like, and in order to enable the optical isolator to play a better effect in a system, the characteristics of high reverse isolation, high working bandwidth, high return loss, high stability and reliability, low insertion loss and the like are the main development directions of the optical isolator.
The lithium niobate has excellent electro-optic coefficient, and when the incident light intensity is small, the electric polarization intensity of the crystal and the incident light field intensity can be described by a linear relation. Under the action of strong light, the electric polarization intensity of the medium and the intensity of incident light have a power series relationship, and the higher-order term of the power series cannot be ignored, which indicates that new frequency radiation is generated when the light is incident into the medium. Based on the excellent optical characteristics of lithium niobate, the optical effects of frequency doubling, sum frequency, difference frequency, parametric oscillation and the like of incident light can be realized. Currently, optical devices made of lithium niobate bulk materials have been commercialized, but these devices have the disadvantages of large device size and low integration level, and an integrated optical platform similar to a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) structure is urgently needed to realize on-chip integration of multifunctional devices.
With the progress of micro-nano optoelectronics in recent years, optoelectronic devices are developing towards miniaturization and integration, people can see the development prospect of an optical communication system in the aspect of on-chip integration, and the goal of realizing photoelectric fusion is to be on the spot. However, the integration of complex active devices on photonic integrated chips is hampered by the lack of an efficient and practical method of integrating optical isolators.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator which is used for at least partially solving the technical problems of low reverse isolation, low waveguide coupling efficiency, large device size and the like of the traditional optical isolator.
(II) technical scheme
The invention provides a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator, which comprises a first interference arm 1, a second interference arm 2, a first coupler 3 and a second coupler 4 which are integrally formed, wherein the first coupler 3 and the second coupler 4 are respectively formed at two ends of the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2, the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 at least comprise a reciprocal waveguide and a nonreciprocal waveguide along the length direction, and the lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator comprises: the length of the reciprocal waveguide of the first interference arm 1 is different from that of the reciprocal waveguide of the second interference arm 2; the nonreciprocal waveguide comprises a magneto-optical waveguide and a lithium niobate waveguide, the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide are formed by stacking in the height direction, and the magneto-optical waveguide is arranged above the lithium niobate waveguide.
Further, the difference in length between the reciprocal waveguides in the first and second interference arms 1 and 2 causes a pi/2 +2m pi phase shift in the two beams, where m is an integer.
Further, the magneto-optical material of the magneto-optical waveguide is a magneto-optical active material with a large Faraday coefficient, and comprises a doped rare-earth iron garnet material.
Further, the magneto-optical material is cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet.
Furthermore, the lower cladding of the optical isolator is made of silicon oxide material, the substrate is made of lithium niobate material, and the upper cladding is made of air, silicon oxide material or other semiconductor material with the refractive index smaller than that of the lithium niobate.
Further, the first coupler 3 and the second coupler 4 are lithium niobate strip waveguides, wherein the first coupler 3 divides the forward-transmitted longitudinal mode light into two same beams of light, and the second coupler 4 combines the two beams of light into one beam of light and outputs the light through an output end of the light.
Further, the first coupler 3 and the second coupler 4 include a 1 × 2 directional coupler, a 1 × 2 multimode interference coupler.
Further, the magnetic field on the non-reciprocal waveguide is a horizontal magnetic field.
Further, the reciprocal waveguide has a height of 300 to 700nm and a width of 400 to 1000 nm.
Further, the nonreciprocal waveguide has a height of 300-700 nm and a width of 400-1000 nm, wherein the magneto-optical waveguide has a height of 50-400 nm.
(III) advantageous effects
According to the lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator provided by the invention, transmission light in different directions passes through the magneto-optical waveguide to generate irreversible nonreciprocal phase shift, and reversible reciprocal phase shift is generated by unequal-length lithium niobate interference arms, so that the interference principle of coherent light is utilized, the mutual cancellation and weakening in the reverse direction are realized, and the optical isolation in a larger degree is realized; lithium niobate material and Ce: YIG material has very similar refractive index, the mode fields of light transmitted in the two waveguides are almost the same under the same size, the mode fields can be butted without loss, and the coupling efficiency is high; the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide are stacked to form the nonreciprocal waveguide together with the lithium niobate waveguide, so that nonreciprocal phase shift of longitudinal mode light is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a cross-section of a reciprocal waveguide and a longitudinal mode field distribution in a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the cross-section and the longitudinal mode field distribution of a nonreciprocal waveguide in a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph schematically showing simulation results of forward and reverse light transmission characteristics in a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator of the embodiment of the present disclosure, please refer to fig. 1, includes a first interference arm 1, a second interference arm 2, a first coupler 3 and a second coupler 4 that are integrally formed, the first coupler 3 and the second coupler 4 are respectively formed at two ends of the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2, the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 both include at least a reciprocal waveguide and a non-reciprocal waveguide along a length direction, wherein: the length of the reciprocal waveguide of the first interference arm 1 is different from that of the reciprocal waveguide of the second interference arm 2; the nonreciprocal waveguide comprises a magneto-optical waveguide and a lithium niobate waveguide, the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide are formed by stacking in the height direction, and the magneto-optical waveguide is arranged above the lithium niobate waveguide.
The lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator comprises a first 3dB coupler 3, a first interference arm 1, a second interference arm 2 and a second 3dB coupler 4, wherein each interference arm comprises a reciprocal waveguide 11, 21 and a nonreciprocal waveguide 12, 22, and the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 are isolated from each other. The device body is roughly in a spindle rod shape, the first 3dB coupler 3 and the second 3dB coupler 4 are respectively positioned at two ends of the spindle rod shape, and the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 are respectively positioned at two sides of the spindle rod shape. The device is integrally disposed on a lower cladding layer formed of silica or other material. The forward-transmitted longitudinal mode light enters the first 3dB coupler 3 from the input end, is divided into two beams of light with equal power and phase, respectively enters the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2, and finally is output through the output end of the second 3dB coupler 4. The reciprocal waveguide 11 and the reciprocal waveguide 21 generate reciprocal phase shift, and the nonreciprocal waveguide 12 and the nonreciprocal waveguide 22 generate nonreciprocal phase shift. The lengths of the two waveguides are designed to ensure that the phase shift of the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 meets the conditions of constructive light interference and destructive light interference of forward transmission when the phase shift is combined by the 3dB coupler, so that the isolation of reverse transmission light is realized.
The nonreciprocal waveguide is formed by stacking the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide, so that nonreciprocal phase shift obtained by longitudinal mode light to the maximum extent is facilitated, the utilization efficiency of the mode is improved, and the isolation effect is realized under the condition of shorter length and more compact size.
It should be noted that, the length difference between the reciprocal waveguides in the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 may be implemented in a manner that the reciprocal waveguide 11 in the first interference arm 1 is curved outward, the reciprocal waveguide 21 in the second interference arm 2 is linear, the reciprocal waveguide is curved outward in a direction away from the second interference arm 2, and the reciprocal waveguide is curved outward without being curved inward, which is beneficial to reducing crosstalk between the two interference arms and simultaneously is convenient to load a reverse magnetic field to the two interference arms. Of course, the reciprocal waveguide 21 in the second interference arm 2 may be curved outwardly, and the reciprocal waveguide 11 in the first interference arm 1 may be linear.
It should be noted that, the mutual inductance waveguide lengths in the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 may be different in a manner that the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 are bent in a transverse direction perpendicular to the original waveguide direction, and then the mutual inductance waveguide is designed to have different lengths in the transverse direction and then bent back to the original waveguide direction. Thus, the reciprocal waveguides can be distributed on both sides of the non-reciprocal waveguide, and the effect produced by the device is the same as the effect produced by the reciprocal waveguides distributed on the same side of the non-reciprocal waveguide, with only slight differences in size and spatial arrangement.
Here, the non-reciprocal phase shift refers to the characteristic that light in two opposite directions in a certain object will exhibit different phase shifts, and similarly, the reciprocal phase shift refers to the characteristic that light in two opposite directions in a certain object will exhibit the same phase shift. According to the lithium niobate waveguide magneto-optical isolator, transmission light in different directions can generate irreversible nonreciprocal phase shift through the magneto-optical waveguide, reversible reciprocal phase shift can be generated through lithium niobate interference arms with different lengths, forward light is overlapped and enhanced through the reciprocal and nonreciprocal phase shift of the two lights by utilizing the interference principle of coherent light, and reverse light is counteracted and weakened.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the difference in length between the reciprocal waveguides in the first 1 and second 2 interference arms causes a pi/2 +2m pi phase shift in the two beams, where m is an integer.
The specific phase change process of forward and backward propagating light through the reciprocal and non-reciprocal waveguides is described in detail herein.
The forward transmitted light is equally divided into two beams of light 1, 2 with equal phase and intensity through the first 3dB coupler 3, and the two beams enter the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 respectively (assuming that the initial phases are both 0):
after passing through the unequal-length reciprocal waveguides of the interference arms, the phase of light in the first interference arm 1 becomes pi/2, and the phase of light in the second interference arm 2 is also 0;
after passing through the equal-length nonreciprocal waveguides of the interference arms, the phase of light in the first interference arm 1 becomes pi/4, and the phase of light in the second interference arm 2 becomes pi/4;
the phase difference of the forward light in the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 is 0, the condition of optical interference phase lengthening is achieved, and output is output from the second 3dB coupler 4 with high transmittance.
The backward transmitted light is equally divided into two beams of light 1, 2 with equal phase and intensity through the second 3dB coupler 4, and the two beams enter the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 respectively (assuming that the initial phases are both 0):
after the equal-length nonreciprocal waveguides of the interference arms, the phase of light in the first interference arm 1 is changed into pi/4, and the phase of light in the second interference arm 2 is changed into-pi/4;
after passing through the non-equal length reciprocal waveguides of the interference arms, the phase of the light in the first interference arm 1 becomes 3 pi/4, and the phase of the light in the second interference arm 2 becomes-pi/4;
the phase difference of the reverse light in the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 is pi, so that the condition of destructive light interference is achieved, and the output is output from the first 3dB coupler 3 with low transmittance.
Of course, it is not limited herein that the forward propagating light and the backward propagating light can only generate pi/2 phase shift after passing through the reciprocal waveguide, and pi/2 +2m pi phase shift can be applied, where m is an integer. The forward transmitted light generates different phase shifts through the reciprocal waveguide and generates opposite phase shifts through the non-reciprocal waveguide; the backward transmitted light generates opposite phase shift through the nonreciprocal waveguide, different phase shifts are generated through the reciprocal waveguide, and the forward transmitted light is overlapped and enhanced, the backward transmitted light is mutually offset and weakened through the design of the phase shift of the two sections of waveguides, so that the optical isolation effect is achieved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the magneto-optical material of the magneto-optical waveguide is a magneto-optical active material with a large faraday coefficient, and comprises a doped rare-earth iron garnet material.
The Faraday coefficient represents the optical rotation performance of the magneto-optical material, and the larger the Faraday coefficient is, the optical rotation performance is represented, and the better the nonreciprocal property is. The doped rare earth iron garnet material has the characteristics of low dielectric loss, high density and high Faraday coefficient.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the magneto-optical material is cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet.
Lithium niobate material and Ce: YIG materials have very similar refractive indexes, the mode fields of light transmitted in the two waveguides are almost the same under the same size, the mode fields can be butted without loss, and the coupling efficiency is high.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the lower cladding of the optical isolator is made of silicon oxide material, the substrate is made of lithium niobate material, and the upper cladding is made of air, silicon oxide material or other semiconductor material with refractive index smaller than that of lithium niobate.
The device can be directly filled with air, and can also be covered with a layer of semiconductor material with the refractive index smaller than that of lithium niobate, so that the device is protected, leakage of partial power caused by direct scattering of light into the air is prevented, and the transmission efficiency is improved.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the first coupler 3 and the second coupler 4 are lithium niobate strip waveguides, in which the first coupler 3 divides the forward transmitted longitudinal mode light into two identical beams, and the second coupler 4 combines the two beams into one beam and outputs the beam through the output end.
The lithium niobate material has a high electro-optic coefficient, can realize low driving voltage and large-range tuning under a short waveguide length, and has good tuning performance. The first 3dB coupler 3 divides the forward transmitted light into two same beams of light, and the second 3dB coupler 4 combines the two beams of light into one beam of light and outputs the light through the output end of the light; the second 3dB coupler 4 divides the reversely transmitted light into two same beams, and the first 3dB coupler 3 combines the two beams into one beam and outputs the beam through the output end of the beam.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, the first coupler 3 and the second coupler 4 include a 1 × 2 directional coupler, a 1 × 2 multimode interference coupler.
The coupler plays the roles of beam combination and beam splitting simultaneously, the 1 x 2 directional coupler has extremely low insertion loss, but has higher sensitivity to wavelength and polarization, and is commonly used for having higher requirements on low loss of devices, determining the polarization state of transmitted light and stabilizing the wavelength transmission; the performance of the 1 multiplied by 2 multimode interference coupler is slightly influenced by structural parameters, the process tolerance is large, the preparation is easy, meanwhile, the polarization correlation is small, the polarization insensitive optical power splitter can be realized through proper design, and the loss is slightly high, so that the 1 multiplied by 2 multimode interference coupler is usually used for the situation of multi-polarization common transmission or polarization uncertainty.
On the basis of the above embodiment, the magnetic field on the nonreciprocal waveguide is a horizontal magnetic field.
The magnetic field on the non-reciprocal waveguide 12 in the first interference arm 1 is a horizontal leftward magnetic field, and the magnetic field on the non-reciprocal waveguide 22 in the second interference arm 2 is a horizontal rightward magnetic field, that is, the magnetic field directions of the two non-reciprocal waveguides are horizontal but opposite in the left-right direction, so as to generate opposite phase changes for the light passing through the interference arms 1 and 2. Of course. Here, the magnetic field on the non-reciprocal waveguide 22 in the second interference arm 2 may be a horizontal leftward magnetic field, and the magnetic field on the non-reciprocal waveguide 12 in the first interference arm 1 may be a horizontal rightward magnetic field.
Based on the above embodiment, the reciprocal waveguide has a height of 300-700 nm and a width of 400-1000 nm.
The reciprocal waveguide has the technical effect of low-loss single longitudinal mode fundamental mode transmission in the size range.
Based on the above embodiment, the height of the nonreciprocal waveguide is 300-700 nm, the width of the nonreciprocal waveguide is 400-1000 nm, and the height of the magneto-optical waveguide is 50-400 nm.
The magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide in the nonreciprocal waveguide are stacked and placed, the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide have the same width, the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide can have the same or different heights, and the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide have the advantages of low coupling loss of butt-joint waveguides due to the similar heights.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment, in which a lower cladding of a device is a silicon oxide material, a substrate is a lithium niobate material, and an upper cladding is air. The first 3dB coupler 3 and the second 3dB coupler 4 both adopt a 1 x 2 multimode interference coupler structure. The non-reciprocal waveguides in the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 are loaded with magnetic fields in opposite directions perpendicular to the propagation direction and parallel to the waveguide plane, so that different non-reciprocal phase shifts can be generated.
The center wavelength of operation in this example is 1550nm, and the mode is the longitudinal mode.
The cross-sectional structure and the distribution of the longitudinal mode field of the reciprocal waveguide are shown in FIG. 2, the height of the reciprocal waveguide is 510nm, and the width of the reciprocal waveguide is 900 nm.
The nonreciprocal waveguide interface structure and the distribution of the longitudinal mode field are shown in fig. 3, the width of the lithium niobate waveguide is 900nm, the height is 220nm, the ratio of Ce: the YIG waveguide covers the lithium niobate waveguide, the width is 900nm, the height is 290nm, and the two material waveguides jointly form the nonreciprocal waveguide.
In fig. 2 and 3, the mode field distributions of the same light on the cross sections of the reciprocal waveguide and the non-reciprocal waveguide are very similar, and the mode overlap integral is more than 99%, so that the waveguide coupling efficiency is high, and the nearly lossless butt coupling between the waveguides is realized.
The length difference of the reciprocal waveguides in the first interference arm 1 and the second interference arm 2 is selected to be 2.9 mu m, and reciprocal phase shift of 6.5 pi is generated. Fig. 4 shows transmission characteristics of forward and reverse light transmission in this embodiment. It can be seen that > 30dB isolation can be achieved at a center wavelength of the device of 6nm around 1550 nm.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator which characterized in that, includes integrated into one piece's first interference arm (1), second interference arm (2), first coupler (3) and second coupler (4) form respectively the both ends of first interference arm (1), second interference arm (2), first interference arm (1), second interference arm (2) all include reciprocal waveguide, nonreciprocal waveguide along length direction at least, wherein:
the reciprocal waveguide of the first interference arm (1) and the reciprocal waveguide of the second interference arm (2) are different in length;
the nonreciprocal waveguide comprises a magneto-optical waveguide and a lithium niobate waveguide, the magneto-optical waveguide and the lithium niobate waveguide are formed by stacking in the height direction, and the magneto-optical waveguide is arranged above the lithium niobate waveguide.
2. The lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to claim 1, wherein the difference in length of the reciprocal waveguides in the first interference arm (1) and the second interference arm (2) causes pi/2 +2m pi phase shift of the two beams, where m is an integer.
3. The lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator of claim 1, wherein the magneto-optical material of the magneto-optical waveguide is a magneto-optically active material with a large faraday coefficient, comprising a doped rare earth iron garnet material.
4. The lithium niobate longitudinal-mode optical isolator of claim 3, wherein the magneto-optical material is cerium-doped yttrium iron garnet.
5. The lithium niobate longitudinal-mode optical isolator according to claim 1, wherein the lower cladding of the optical isolator is a silicon oxide material, the substrate is a lithium niobate material, and the upper cladding is air, a silicon oxide material or other semiconductor material with a refractive index smaller than that of lithium niobate.
6. The lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to claim 1, wherein the first coupler (3) and the second coupler (4) are lithium niobate strip waveguides, the first coupler (3) divides the forward transmitted longitudinal mode light into two identical beams, and the second coupler (4) combines the two beams into one beam and outputs the beam through an output end of the beam.
7. The lithium niobate longitudinal-mode optical isolator according to claim 6, wherein the first coupler (3) and the second coupler (4) comprise a 1 x 2 directional coupler, a 1 x 2 multimode interference coupler.
8. The lithium niobate longitudinal-mode optical isolator of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field on the non-reciprocal waveguide is a horizontal magnetic field.
9. The lithium niobate longitudinal-mode optical isolator according to claim 1, wherein the reciprocal waveguide has a height in a range of 300 to 700nm and a width in a range of 400 to 1000 nm.
10. The lithium niobate longitudinal mode optical isolator according to claim 9, wherein the nonreciprocal waveguide has a height in the range of 300 to 700nm and a width in the range of 400 to 1000nm, and wherein the magneto-optical waveguide has a height in the range of 50 to 400 nm.
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| JPS58173703A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-10-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of optical isolator |
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| WO2007083419A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Mitsumi Electric Co., Ltd. | Waveguide type wideband optical isolator |
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2021
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| JPS58173703A (en) * | 1982-04-05 | 1983-10-12 | Nippon Telegr & Teleph Corp <Ntt> | Production of optical isolator |
| US4859014A (en) * | 1987-06-25 | 1989-08-22 | U.S. Philips Corp. | Non-reciprocal optical waveguide device, particularly for use as an isolator or circulator |
| WO2007083419A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-07-26 | Mitsumi Electric Co., Ltd. | Waveguide type wideband optical isolator |
| WO2015024162A1 (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2015-02-26 | 华为技术有限公司 | Optoisolator |
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