CN112698252A - Optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission and polarization detection method - Google Patents
Optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission and polarization detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112698252A CN112698252A CN202011453972.8A CN202011453972A CN112698252A CN 112698252 A CN112698252 A CN 112698252A CN 202011453972 A CN202011453972 A CN 202011453972A CN 112698252 A CN112698252 A CN 112698252A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/0206—Three-component magnetometers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/0023—Electronic aspects, e.g. circuits for stimulation, evaluation, control; Treating the measured signals; calibration
- G01R33/0035—Calibration of single magnetic sensors, e.g. integrated calibration
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
- G01R33/0322—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect using the Faraday or Voigt effect
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/10—Plotting field distribution ; Measuring field distribution
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission, which comprises: the device comprises a sensing probe, a first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing light path unit, a second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing light path unit, a third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing light path unit, a first input optical fiber unit and a second input optical fiber unit; the invention also discloses a polarization detection method of the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission, which comprises the steps of splitting the first input light and the second input light by a sensing probe, entering an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through an optical fiber polarization detection optical path unit, and calculating the magnetic field intensity by utilizing Faraday optical rotation effect and Jones matrix principle; the invention provides new application requirements of high sensitivity, high integration, high detection precision, wearability, low cost, miniaturization, three-dimensional vector sensing and the like for the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensors, in particular to an optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission and a polarization analyzing method.
Background
The magnetic field sensor has important application value in the fields of geophysical exploration, navigation, military equipment application, biomedical sensing and aerospace. With the development of application fields such as man-machine exchange, biological imaging, unmanned monitoring, industrial intelligent manufacturing and the like, new application requirements such as high sensitivity, high integration, high monitoring precision, wearability, low cost, miniaturization, three-dimensional vector sensing and the like are provided for the magnetic field sensor.
Each type of optical fiber sensor has the advantages of simple manufacture, low cost, high sensitivity, small volume, compact and light structure, convenient integration and reuse, realization of multi-parameter in-situ sensing and the like, provides a selectable technical scheme for the development of a novel magnetic field monitoring system, and has emerged a large number of research achievements. However, the integration level of a sensing probe and a demodulation system associated with the sensing probe in the current vector sensor is not high, the fault tolerance rate is low, the cost is high, particularly for an intensity demodulation polarization analysis system, the cost of an analyzer is high, once a mechanical fault occurs on an interface of the sensing probe and the demodulation system, the detection and the repair are difficult, and the intensity demodulation result error caused by the polarization error is easily caused.
Therefore, new design schemes and techniques of the vector sensor need to be developed vigorously to solve a series of problems that mechanical faults occur on the interface of the sensing probe and the demodulation system in the vector magnetic field sensor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, an optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission and a polarization analyzing method are provided, which specifically comprise:
the device comprises a sensing probe, a first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (401), a second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (402), a third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (403), a first input optical fiber unit (301A) and a second input optical fiber unit (302A);
the sensing probe is provided with two input ports and three output ports, which are respectively: a first detection fiber space optical collimator input port (301B), a second detection fiber space optical collimator input port (302B), a first fiber space optical collimator output port (305D), a second fiber space optical collimator output port (306D), a third fiber space optical collimator output port (307D);
the first polarization maintaining fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (401) is connected with the output port (305D) of the first optical fiber space optical collimator; the second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (402) is connected with the output port (306D) of the second optical fiber space optical collimator; the third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (403) is connected with the output port (307D) of the third optical fiber space optical collimator; the first input fiber unit (301A) is connected with the first detection fiber space optical collimator input port (301B); the second input fiber unit (302A) is connected to the second detection fiber space optical collimator input port (302B).
Preferably, the sensing probe internally comprises: a first polarizing cubic crystal (303); a second polarizing cubic crystal (304); a first optical rotation combination sheet, a second optical rotation combination sheet, a third optical rotation combination sheet, and a light absorption sheet (307E);
the first detection optical fiber space optical collimator input port (301B) is connected with the first polarization cubic crystal (303), and is connected with the first optical fiber space optical collimator output port (305D) and the optical fiber space optical collimator output port (306D) respectively through the first optical rotation combination piece and the second optical rotation combination piece;
the input port (301B) of the second detection optical fiber space optical collimator is connected with the second polarization cubic crystal (304), and then is connected with the output port (307D) of the third optical fiber space optical collimator through the third optical rotation combination piece;
the light absorbing sheet (307E) is connected to the second polarizing cubic crystal (304).
Preferably, the first optically active combined plate comprises a first quarter-wave plate (305A), a first Faraday rotation effect plate (305B) and a second quarter-wave plate (305C) which are sequentially stacked to form a sandwich structure; the second optical rotation combination plate comprises a third quarter-wave plate (306A), a second Faraday rotation effect plate (306B) and a fourth quarter-wave plate (306C), and the third quarter-wave plate, the second Faraday rotation effect plate and the fourth Faraday rotation effect plate are sequentially stacked into a sandwich structure; the third optical rotation combination plate comprises a fifth quarter-wave plate (307A), a third normal-pull first rotation effect plate (307B) and a sixth quarter-wave plate (307C), which are sequentially stacked into a sandwich structure;
the first quarter wave plate (305A) is connected with the first polarization cubic crystal (303); the third quarter wave plate (306A) is connected with the first polarization cubic crystal (303); the fifth quarter waveplate (307A) is connected with the second polarization cubic crystal (304);
the second quarter wave plate (305C) is connected to the first fiber space light collimator output (305D); the fourth quarter wave plate (306C) is connected with the output end (306D) of the second optical fiber space optical collimator; the sixth quarter wave plate (307C) is connected to the third fiber space light collimator output (307D).
Preferably, the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission further comprises a reference optical path photoelectric optical path detector, a beam splitter and a photoelectric detection demodulation system.
Preferably, the polarization-maintaining optical fiber transmission-based optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor further comprises a sensing probe high-strength plastic packaging shell (308) and an FC interface.
Preferably, the first polarizing cubic crystal (303) and the second polarizing cubic crystal (304) are half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirrors.
Preferably, the polarization analysis method of the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the light source is divided into three beams of light after passing through the light splitter, wherein the three beams of light are first input light, second input light and third input light respectively;
the first input light is injected into a first detection optical fiber space light collimator input port (301B) through a first input optical fiber unit (301A), the first input light is converted into first incident parallel space detection light, and then the first incident parallel space detection light is injected into a first polarization cubic crystal (303);
the second input light is injected into a second detection optical fiber space light collimator input port (302B) through a second input optical fiber unit (302A), the second input light is converted into second incident parallel space detection light, and then the second incident parallel space detection light is injected into a second polarization cubic crystal (304);
step two: the first polarization cubic crystal (303) divides a first incident parallel space probe light which is vertically incident into a first P wave and a first S wave; the first P wave is transmitted along the semi-transmission surface, then is emitted along the original direction and enters the first optical rotation combination sheet; the first S wave is emitted along the direction of 90 degrees and enters a second optical rotation combination sheet after being reflected along the semi-reflecting surface;
the second polarization cubic crystal (304) divides the second incident parallel space probe light which enters vertically into a second P wave and a second S wave, the second P wave is transmitted along the semi-transmission surface, then exits along the original direction, and is absorbed by the light absorption sheet (307F) to be treated as useless light; the second S wave is reflected along the semi-reflecting surface, then is emitted along the 90-degree direction and enters a third optical rotation combination sheet;
step three: the first P wave passes through a first quarter wave plate (305A), a first Faraday rotation effect plate (305B) and a second quarter wave plate (305C) in sequence, then is injected into an output port (305D) of a first optical fiber space optical collimator in a coupling mode, finally enters an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through a first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection light path (401), and the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the Faraday rotation effect and the Jones matrix principle;
the first S wave passes through a third quarter wave plate (306A), a second Faraday rotation effect plate (306B) and a fourth quarter wave plate (306C) in sequence, then is injected into an output port (306D) of a second optical fiber space optical collimator in a coupling mode, finally enters an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber polarization detection light path (402), and the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity is calculated by utilizing the Faraday rotation effect and the Jones matrix principle;
and the second S wave passes through a fifth quarter wave plate (307A), a third normal-pulling first rotating effect plate (307B) and a fourth quarter wave plate (307C) in sequence, is then injected into an output port (307D) of a third optical fiber space optical collimator in a coupling mode, finally enters an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber polarization detection light path (403), and the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the Faraday optical rotation effect and the Jones matrix principle.
Preferably, the first P-wave is in the same direction as the first incident parallel space probe light; the first S wave is perpendicular to the first incident parallel space probe light; the second P wave and the second incident parallel space probe light have the same direction; the second S-wave is perpendicular to the second incident parallel spatial probe light.
Preferably, the third input light is reference light, and enters the photodetector after passing through the photodetector of the reference light path, so as to eliminate light source fluctuation interference.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the linearly polarized light can keep the polarization angle unchanged during transmission, and is favorable for reducing the distortion degree of signals;
(2) the invention uses the third beam of light as the reference light to eliminate the fluctuation interference of the light source.
(3) The invention utilizes the fast axis angle in the polarization maintaining fiber to be the same as or be a certain angle with the polarization angle emitted into the polarization maintaining fiber, and after the linearly polarized light output by the polarization maintaining fiber enters the photoelectric detector, the intensity change of the input linearly polarized light can be measured in real time. By using the intensity change, the transmission and polarization analysis functions can be provided for the triaxial output end of the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor.
(4) The invention can realize three-dimensional orthogonal light splitting by only using two input ends, reduces the three-dimensional calibration problem into the two-dimensional calibration problem and greatly improves the three-dimensional calibration precision.
(4) The polarization analysis method provided by the invention provides new application requirements for the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor, such as high sensitivity, high integration, high monitoring precision, wearability, low cost, miniaturization, three-dimensional vector sensing and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the integrated fiber vector magnetic field sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an external view of a sensing probe structure incorporating the fiber vector magnetic field sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the disassembly of the fiber vector magnetic field sensor according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a Y-axis and Z-axis one-dimensional sensing probe of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a Z-axis one-dimensional sensing probe according to the present invention;
in the figure: 301A-first input fiber unit, 302A-second input fiber unit, 301B-first detection fiber space light collimator input port, 302B-second detection fiber space light collimator input port, 303-first polarization cubic crystal, 304-second polarization cubic crystal, 307E-light absorption sheet, 305A-first quarter wave plate, 305B-first Faraday rotation effect sheet, 305C-second quarter wave plate, 305D-first fiber space light collimator output port, 401-first polarization maintaining fiber polarization maintaining optical path, 306A-third quarter wave plate, 306B-second Faraday rotation effect sheet, 306C-fourth quarter wave plate, 306D-second fiber space light collimator output port, 402-second polarization maintaining fiber polarization maintaining optical path, 307A-a fifth quarter wave plate, 307B-a third normal pulling first rotating effect plate, 307C-a sixth quarter wave plate, 307D-a third optical fiber space optical collimator output port, 403-a third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detecting light path and 308-a sensing probe high-strength plastic packaging shell.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to fig. 1, a schematic parsing diagram of the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor is shown.
The sensor consists of the following components:
the first input end:
a first input fiber unit 301A; a first detection fiber space optical collimator input port 301B; a first input fiber unit 302A; the second detection fiber space light collimator input end 302B port.
II, beam splitting area:
a first polarizing cubic crystal 303; a second polarizing cubic crystal 304; and a light absorbing sheet 307E.
Thirdly, a sensing area:
1. first optically active conjugate tablet: a first quarter-wave plate 305A, a first faraday rotation effect plate 305B, a second quarter-wave plate 305C; a first fiber space light collimator output 305D; a first polarization maintaining fiber analyzer 401.
2. Second optically active combined piece: a third quarter-wave plate 306A, a second Faraday rotation effect plate 306B, and a fourth quarter-wave plate 306C; a second fiber space light collimator output 306D; (ii) a A second polarization maintaining fiber analyzer 402.
3. Third optically active combined piece: a fifth quarter waveplate 307A, a third normal-pulling rotation effect plate 307B, and a sixth quarter waveplate 307C; a third fiber space light collimator output 307D; and a third polarization maintaining fiber polarization analyzing path 403.
And fourthly, a high-strength plastic packaging shell 308 of the sensing probe.
The sensor polarization detection method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, at the input end, a light source is divided into 3 beams of light after passing through a 1:3 optical splitter, wherein the two beams of light are used as first input light and second input light of the vector type optical fiber magnetic field sensor. And the third beam of light is taken as reference light and enters the photoelectric detector through the photoelectric detector of the reference light path to eliminate the fluctuation interference of the light source. The first input light is injected into the first detection fiber space optical collimator input port 301B through the first input fiber unit 301A, the second input light is injected into the second detection fiber space optical collimator input port 302B through the second input fiber unit 302A, thereby converting the fiber light into parallel space detection light, and the first fiber space optical collimator input port 301B and the second detection fiber space optical collimator input port 302B are respectively in vertical butt joint with the incident light surfaces of the first polarization cubic crystal 303 and the second polarization cubic crystal 304, thereby injecting two paths of parallel space detection light into the two polarization cubic crystals, at this time, the two beams of input light are unpolarized light.
In the beam splitting area, the parameters of the first polarization cubic crystal 303 and the second polarization cubic crystal 304 are the same, and the vertical emergent optical axis of the first polarization cubic crystal 303 is vertical to the vertical emergent optical axis of the second polarization cubic crystal 304.
The first polarization cubic crystal 303 is a half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror, and can divide a first incident light vertically incident into the first polarization cubic crystal 303 along the positive direction of the Y axis from the negative direction of the Y axis into two parts, and a first P wave transmitted along the half-transmitting surface exits along the positive direction of the Y axis, the first P wave has the same direction as the detection light of the first incident parallel space, and the first P wave enters the first optical rotation combination piece to be regulated and controlled by the magnetic field in the direction of the Y axis. The first S wave is reflected along the semi-reflecting surface and then emitted along the positive direction of the Z axis, the first S wave is vertical to the first incident parallel space detection light, and the first S wave enters the second optical rotation combination piece and is regulated and controlled by the magnetic field in the direction of the Z axis.
The second polarizing cubic crystal 304 is a half-reflecting half-transmitting mirror, and can divide a second incident light vertically entering the second polarizing cubic crystal 304 from the negative direction of the Y axis along the positive direction of the Y axis into two parts, and a second P wave transmitted along the half-transmitting surface exits along the positive direction of the Y axis, and the second P wave has the same direction as the detection light of the second incident parallel space, but the P wave is absorbed by a light absorbing sheet 307F closely attached to the cubic crystal after exiting the second polarizing cubic crystal 304, and is treated as waste light. And the second S wave reflected along the semi-reflecting surface is emitted along the positive direction of the X axis, the second S wave is vertical to the second incident parallel space probe light, and the second S wave enters the third optical rotation combination piece to be regulated and controlled by the magnetic field in the direction of the X axis. In this design, the first input light and the second input light enter the sensor in parallel in the positive Y-axis direction, and the vertical exit optical axis of the first polarization cubic crystal 303 and the vertical exit optical axis of the second polarization cubic crystal 304 are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, only two beams of incident light are needed to be injected into the vector type optical fiber magnetic field sensor, the orthogonal beam splitting characteristic of the polarization cubic crystal is utilized, the first incident light can realize the sensing of Y, Z two shafts, and the second incident light can realize the sensing of the X shaft.
And thirdly, in the sensing area, the structures and parameters of the three sensing areas in the positive directions of the three axes are the same.
A first quarter-wave plate 305A of the uniaxial sensing region in the Y-axis positive direction; a first faraday rotation effect plate 305B; the second quarter-wave plate 305C constitutes a first optically active combined plate of a sandwich structure (two quarter-wave plates are combined with the faraday rotation effect plate therebetween, and the combined plate is a rectangular parallelepiped structure), and an incident surface of the first quarter-wave plate 305A in the combined plate is closely attached to an exit surface of the first polarizing cubic crystal 303 in the Y-axis direction and is placed in a rectangular slot in the Y-axis direction. First, the first P wave in the beam splitting area is linearly polarized light when entering the sensing area, and is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through the first quarter-wave plate 305A, and when the magnetic field acts on the positive direction of the Y axis, the polarization degree of the circularly polarized light changes when passing through the first faraday rotation effect plate 305B according to the faraday rotation effect, and the changed circularly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light (P wave) after passing through the second quarter-wave plate 305C. Then, the light intensity of the linearly polarized light that exits the second quarter-wave plate 305C changes, and the polarized light is coupled into the output port 305D of the first optical fiber space optical collimator and enters the photoelectric detection demodulation system for photoelectric demodulation after passing through the first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection path 401 via the FC interface, and the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the faraday optical rotation effect and the jones matrix principle.
Similarly, the third quarter-wave plate 306A, the second faraday rotation effect plate 306B, and the fourth quarter-wave plate 306C in the uniaxial sensing region in the Z-axis positive direction constitute a second optical rotation combination plate with a sandwich structure (the two quarter-wave plates sandwich the faraday rotation effect plate for combination, and the combination plate is a rectangular structure), and the incident surface of the third quarter-wave plate 306A in the combination plate is tightly attached to the Z-axis emergent light surface of the first polarization cube 303 and is placed in the rectangular slot in the Z-axis positive direction. First, the first S wave in the beam splitting region is linearly polarized light when entering the sensing region, and is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through the third quarter wave plate 306A, and when a magnetic field acts on the positive direction of the Z axis, the polarization degree of the circularly polarized light changes when passing through the second faraday rotation effect plate 306B according to the faraday rotation effect, and the changed circularly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light (S wave) after passing through the fourth quarter wave plate 306C. Then, the light intensity of the linearly polarized light that exits the fourth quarter-wave plate 306C changes, and the polarized light is coupled into the output port 306D of the second optical fiber space optical collimator and then enters the photoelectric detection and demodulation system for photoelectric demodulation after passing through the second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection optical path 402 by the FC interface, and the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the faraday optical rotation effect and the jones matrix principle.
Similarly, a fifth quarter wave plate 307A of the uniaxial sensing region in the positive X-axis direction; the third tensile first rotation effect piece 307B; the sixth quarter-wave plate 307C forms a third optical rotation combination plate with a sandwich structure (two quarter-wave plates are combined by sandwiching the faraday rotation effect plate, and the combination plate is a rectangular parallelepiped structure), and an incident surface of the fifth quarter-wave plate 307A in the combination plate is tightly attached to an X-axis emergent light surface of the second polarization cube 304 and is placed in a rectangular slot in the X positive direction. First, the second S wave in the beam splitting region is linearly polarized light when entering the sensing region, and is changed into circularly polarized light after passing through the fifth quarter wave plate 307A, and when the magnetic field acts in the positive direction of the X axis, the polarization degree of the circularly polarized light changes when passing through the third faraday rotation effect plate 307B according to the faraday rotation effect, and the changed circularly polarized light becomes linearly polarized light (S wave) after passing through the fourth quarter wave plate 307C. Then, the light intensity of the linearly polarized light that exits the sixth quarter-wave plate 307C changes, and the polarized light is coupled into the output port 307D of the third optical fiber space optical collimator and enters the photoelectric detection and demodulation system for photoelectric demodulation after passing through the third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection optical path 403 by the FC interface, and the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the faraday optical rotation effect and the jones matrix principle.
Referring to fig. 2, the black part in the structural appearance diagram of the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensing probe is a high-strength plastic packaging shell 308 of the sensing probe. The housing is packaged in a standby state, and FC interfaces where the first detection fiber space optical collimator input port 301B, the second detection fiber space optical collimator input port 302B, the first fiber space optical collimator output port 305D, the second fiber space optical collimator output port 306D, and the third fiber space optical collimator output port 307D are butted can be sealed by using a cap.
Referring to fig. 3, in an appearance diagram of the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor, the sensor is composed of a sensing probe and polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection optical path units in three directions, and a first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection optical path 401, a second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection optical path 402 and a third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection optical path 403 are respectively packaged into an integrated detachable polarization detection assembly by using high-strength plastics and FC interfaces. Can dismantle the saving with the FC interface of 2 inputs and 3 outputs when the sensor awaits the opportune moment, the sensor during operation can be with 2 inputs and the FC interface access of 3 outputs correspond the slot position and use.
Referring to fig. 4, a further description is given to the Y-axis single-axis sensing function with the first polarization cubic crystal 303 as the center, which sequentially consists of a second polarization cubic crystal 303, a first quarter-wave plate 305A, a first faraday rotation effect plate 305B, a second quarter-wave plate 305C, and a first optical fiber space light collimator output port 305D from left to right, wherein the first polarization cubic crystal 303 is a half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirror, and can divide incident light along the Y-axis negative direction into two parts, reflect a first S-wave along the half-reflecting surface and emit the reflected light along the z-axis positive direction, and emit a first P-wave along the half-transmitting surface and then respectively emit the reflected light through the first quarter-wave plate 305A, the first faraday rotation effect plate 305B, the second quarter-wave plate 305C, and the first optical fiber space light collimator output port 305D; the first quarter-wave plate 305A may change the first S wave exiting the first polarization cubic crystal 303 into circularly polarized light, and the second quarter-wave plate 305C may change the circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. When the magnetic field acts on the positive direction of the Y axis, the transmitted light passes through the first quarter-wave plate 305A, the first faraday rotation effect plate 305B, and the second quarter-wave plate 305C, and then the light intensity changes. The changed linearly polarized light enters the photoelectric detection demodulation system for demodulation after passing through the first polarization maintaining fiber polarization analyzing path 401.
In this design, a two-way sensing single axis probe surrounding the first polarizing cubic crystal 303 accomplishes Y, Z two-axis orthogonal splitting with only the first input light. The difficulty of orthogonal calibration of the two axes is greatly reduced.
Referring to fig. 5, the function of the X-axis uniaxial sensing with the second polarization cubic crystal 304 as the center is further described, which is sequentially composed of, from top to bottom, the second polarization cubic crystal 304, a light absorbing plate 307F, a fifth quarter wave plate 307A, a third normal-pulling first rotation effect plate 307B, a sixth quarter wave plate 307C, and a third optical fiber space light collimator output port 307D, wherein the second polarization cubic crystal 304 is a half-reflecting half-mirror, and can divide incident light along the y-axis negative direction into two, reflect the second S-wave along the half-reflecting surface along the X-axis positive direction, and then pass through the fifth quarter wave plate 307A, the third normal-pulling first rotation effect plate 307B, the sixth quarter wave plate 307C, and the third optical fiber space light collimator output port 307D, respectively. The second P-wave traveling along the semi-transmissive surface is emitted in the positive y-axis direction and absorbed by the light-absorbing sheet 307F, and is treated as waste light. The fifth quarter wave plate 307A may change the second S wave exiting the second polarization cubic crystal 304 into circularly polarized light, and the sixth quarter wave plate 307C may change the circularly polarized light into linearly polarized light. When the magnetic field acts on the positive direction of the X axis, the transmission light passes through the fifth quarter wave plate 307A; the third tensile first rotation effect piece 307B; the light intensity changes after the sixth quarter waveplate 307C. The changed linearly polarized light enters the photoelectric detection demodulation system for demodulation after passing through the third polarization maintaining fiber polarization detection light path 403. The transmitted light is emitted in the positive Y-axis direction of the second polarizing cubic crystal 304, and then absorbed by the light-absorbing lint 307E. It should be noted that the X-axis uniaxial sensing principle is the same as the Z-axis.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: the device comprises a sensing probe, a first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (401), a second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (402), a third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (403), a first input optical fiber unit (301A) and a second input optical fiber unit (302A);
the sensing probe is provided with two input ports and three output ports, which are respectively: a first detection fiber space optical collimator input port (301B), a second detection fiber space optical collimator input port (302B), a first fiber space optical collimator output port (305D), a second fiber space optical collimator output port (306D), a third fiber space optical collimator output port (307D);
the first polarization maintaining fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (401) is connected with the output port (305D) of the first optical fiber space optical collimator; the second polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (402) is connected with the output port (306D) of the second optical fiber space optical collimator; the third polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization analyzing optical path unit (403) is connected with the output port (307D) of the third optical fiber space optical collimator; the first input fiber unit (301A) is connected with the first detection fiber space optical collimator input port (301B); the second input fiber unit (302A) is connected to the second detection fiber space optical collimator input port (302B).
2. The polarization maintaining fiber transmission based fiber vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the sensing probe internally comprises: a first polarizing cubic crystal (303); a second polarizing cubic crystal (304); a first optical rotation combination sheet, a second optical rotation combination sheet, a third optical rotation combination sheet, and a light absorption sheet (307E);
the first detection optical fiber space optical collimator input port (301B) is connected with the first polarization cubic crystal (303), and is connected with the first optical fiber space optical collimator output port (305D) and the optical fiber space optical collimator output port (306D) respectively through the first optical rotation combination piece and the second optical rotation combination piece;
the input port (301B) of the second detection optical fiber space optical collimator is connected with the second polarization cubic crystal (304), and then is connected with the output port (307D) of the third optical fiber space optical collimator through the third optical rotation combination piece;
the light absorbing sheet (307E) is connected to the second polarizing cubic crystal (304).
3. The polarization maintaining fiber transmission based fiber vector magnetic field sensor of claim 2, wherein: the first optical rotation combination plate comprises a first quarter-wave plate (305A), a first Faraday rotation effect plate (305B) and a second quarter-wave plate (305C), which are sequentially stacked into a sandwich structure; the second optical rotation combination plate comprises a third quarter-wave plate (306A), a second Faraday rotation effect plate (306B) and a fourth quarter-wave plate (306C), and the third quarter-wave plate, the second Faraday rotation effect plate and the fourth Faraday rotation effect plate are sequentially stacked into a sandwich structure; the third optical rotation combination plate comprises a fifth quarter-wave plate (307A), a third normal-pull first rotation effect plate (307B) and a sixth quarter-wave plate (307C), which are sequentially stacked into a sandwich structure;
the first quarter wave plate (305A) is connected with the first polarization cubic crystal (303); the third quarter wave plate (306A) is connected with the first polarization cubic crystal (303); the fifth quarter waveplate (307A) is connected with the second polarization cubic crystal (304);
the second quarter wave plate (305C) is connected to the first fiber space light collimator output (305D); the fourth quarter wave plate (306C) is connected with the output end (306D) of the second optical fiber space optical collimator; the sixth quarter wave plate (307C) is connected to the third fiber space light collimator output (307D).
4. The polarization maintaining fiber transmission based fiber vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission further comprises a reference light path photoelectric light path detector, a light splitter and a photoelectric detection demodulation system.
5. The polarization maintaining fiber transmission based fiber vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining optical fiber transmission further comprises a sensing probe high-strength plastic packaging shell (308) and an FC interface.
6. The polarization maintaining fiber transmission based fiber vector magnetic field sensor of claim 1, wherein: the first polarizing cubic crystal (303) and the second polarizing cubic crystal (304) are half-reflecting and half-transmitting mirrors.
7. A method for analyzing polarization of a fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining fiber transmission according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the light source is divided into three beams of light after passing through the light splitter, wherein the three beams of light are first input light, second input light and third input light respectively;
the first input light is injected into a first detection optical fiber space light collimator input port (301B) through a first input optical fiber unit (301A), the first input light is converted into first incident parallel space detection light, and then the first incident parallel space detection light is injected into a first polarization cubic crystal (303);
the second input light is injected into a second detection optical fiber space light collimator input port (302B) through a second input optical fiber unit (302A), the second input light is converted into second incident parallel space detection light, and then the second incident parallel space detection light is injected into a second polarization cubic crystal (304);
step two: the first polarization cubic crystal (303) divides a first incident parallel space probe light which is vertically incident into a first P wave and a first S wave; the first P wave is transmitted along the semi-transmission surface, then is emitted along the original direction and enters the first optical rotation combination sheet; the first S wave is emitted along the direction of 90 degrees and enters a second optical rotation combination sheet after being reflected along the semi-reflecting surface;
the second polarization cubic crystal (304) divides the second incident parallel space probe light which enters vertically into a second P wave and a second S wave, the second P wave is transmitted along the semi-transmission surface, then exits along the original direction, and is absorbed by the light absorption sheet (307F) to be treated as useless light; the second S wave is reflected along the semi-reflecting surface, then is emitted along the 90-degree direction and enters a third optical rotation combination sheet;
step three: the first P wave passes through a first quarter wave plate (305A), a first Faraday rotation effect plate (305B) and a second quarter wave plate (305C) in sequence, then is injected into an output port (305D) of a first optical fiber space optical collimator in a coupling mode, finally enters an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through a first polarization maintaining optical fiber polarization detection light path (401), and the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the Faraday rotation effect and the Jones matrix principle;
the first S wave passes through a third quarter wave plate (306A), a second Faraday rotation effect plate (306B) and a fourth quarter wave plate (306C) in sequence, then is injected into an output port (306D) of a second optical fiber space optical collimator in a coupling mode, finally enters an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through a second polarization-maintaining optical fiber polarization detection light path (402), and the magnitude of the magnetic field intensity is calculated by utilizing the Faraday rotation effect and the Jones matrix principle;
and the second S wave passes through a fifth quarter wave plate (307A), a third normal-pulling first rotating effect plate (307B) and a fourth quarter wave plate (307C) in sequence, is then injected into an output port (307D) of a third optical fiber space optical collimator in a coupling mode, finally enters an optoelectronic detection demodulation system for optoelectronic demodulation after passing through a third polarization-maintaining optical fiber polarization detection light path (403), and the magnetic field intensity is obtained by utilizing the Faraday optical rotation effect and the Jones matrix principle.
8. The method for analyzing the polarization of a fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining fiber transmission according to claim 8, wherein: the first P wave and the first incident parallel space probe light have the same direction; the first S wave is perpendicular to the first incident parallel space probe light; the second P wave and the second incident parallel space probe light have the same direction; the second S-wave is perpendicular to the second incident parallel spatial probe light.
9. The method for analyzing the polarization of a fiber vector magnetic field sensor based on polarization maintaining fiber transmission according to claim 8, wherein: the third input light is reference light, passes through the reference light path photoelectric detector and enters the photoelectric detector, and the third input light is used for eliminating light source fluctuation interference.
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