CN111486939A - Ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation and control based on SAGNAC principle - Google Patents
Ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation and control based on SAGNAC principle Download PDFInfo
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- CN111486939A CN111486939A CN202010333895.6A CN202010333895A CN111486939A CN 111486939 A CN111486939 A CN 111486939A CN 202010333895 A CN202010333895 A CN 202010333895A CN 111486939 A CN111486939 A CN 111486939A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
- G01C19/64—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams
- G01C19/72—Gyrometers using the Sagnac effect, i.e. rotation-induced shifts between counter-rotating electromagnetic beams with counter-rotating light beams in a passive ring, e.g. fibre laser gyrometers
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation and control based on an SAGNAC (SAGNAC) principle, which comprises a light source, a sample probe, a circulator, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a third polarization controller, a fourth polarization controller, a fifth polarization controller, a first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a photoelectric detection device, a wavelength selector and a light path selector, wherein the sample probe is connected with the light source; light from a light source firstly passes through a wavelength selector, a first polarization controller and a circulator and is divided into two paths with different lengths through a first non-polarization coupler, wherein one path is CW light along the clockwise direction, and the other path is CCW light along the counterclockwise direction; compared with the prior art, the method for realizing non-contact ultrasonic detection by utilizing the SAGNAC effect has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, small volume, high sensitivity and wide application range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fiber optic gyroscopes, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on an SAGNAC principle.
Technical Field
When the sound wave interacts with the substance, the sound velocity and the energy of the sound wave change, and some basic physical parameters of the substance can be determined through measuring the sound velocity and the attenuation of the sound wave. This is an ultrasonic testing technique, which is one of the basic methods for studying the structure and properties of substances and has been successfully used in many fields. The conventional ultrasonic generation and reception methods are methods using an ultrasonic ring energy device such as a piezoelectric transducer, a CMUT transducer, and these methods are contact type measurement methods. Currently, the conventional contact transducer is increasingly replaced by a non-contact optical method, including an interference method, a beam deflection method, and the like. Due to the continuous improvement of optical technology, research on the aspect is also rapidly developing, and new detection technologies including optical fiber sensing technology are continuously generated. The optical fiber sensor is an emerging ultrasonic sensing device, and is widely applied due to the advantages of small volume, light weight, strong environmental adaptability, strong reliability, easy transmission of detection signals, good confidentiality and the like. However, the use of fiber optic sensors for ultrasonic testing, especially non-contact testing, has been relatively rare, especially in domestic applications. The optical fiber sensing technology is combined with the non-contact ultrasonic detection technology, and the method has wide prospects in the aspects of ultrasonic detection and flaw detection of materials.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on an SAGNAC principle, which adopts the basic principle of an SAGNAC interferometer, the vibration of the surface of a sample can bring the change of optical path difference, and the ultrasonic wave on the surface of the sample is detected by using interference signals formed by the change of the optical path difference caused by the difference of the time that CW light and CCW light successively reach the surface of the sample. The core of the invention is that the switching of the working center frequency is realized by combining the wavelength selection technology and the optical path selection technology and selecting the wavelength and the length of the optical fiber.
The specific contents are as follows:
an ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on an SAGNAC principle is characterized by comprising a light source, a sample probe, a circulator, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a third polarization controller, a fourth polarization controller, a fifth polarization controller, a first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a photoelectric detection device, a wavelength selector and a light path selector, wherein the wavelength selector is used for selecting different light source wavelengths; the optical path selector is used for selecting different optical fiber lengths; the switching of the working center frequency is realized by selecting the wavelength and the length of the optical fiber;
the light source, the wavelength selector, the first polarization controller are connected, the circulator is sequentially connected, one output end of the circulator is sequentially connected with the fifth polarization controller and the photoelectric detection device, the other output end of the circulator is connected with the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, one output end of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the second polarization controller and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, the other output end of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the third polarization controller, the light path selector and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the fourth polarization controller and the sample probe.
A further improvement is that the photo detection means comprises a polarizing beam splitter and a balanced detector.
In a further improvement, the CW light and the CCW light pass through the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, the fourth polarization controller and the sample probe to reach the ultrasonic sample, and the return light enters the sample probe again and returns to the optical fiber path.
In a further improvement, the return light of the CW light and the CCW light enters the circulator after passing through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler again, so that the incident light and the return light are isolated.
In a further improvement, the light source adopts 1310nm or 1550nm S L ED broad-spectrum optical fiber light source.
The further improvement is that the sample probe adopts a structure of a collimator and a lens to focus a sample, and an optical signal carrying ultrasonic information on the surface of the sample is returned to an optical fiber light path.
In a further improvement, the polarization beam splitter adopts three optical fibers with polarization maintaining interfaces.
A further improvement is that all fibers and fiber devices other than the polarizing beam splitter are unpolarized.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: all the optical fiber devices except the polarization beam splitter are all in a non-polarization type, so that the cost is reduced; compared with the traditional method for carrying out pi/2 phase offset through a phase modulator, the scheme of the invention is more convenient and has good control effect; compared with the traditional method of keeping the orthogonal or parallel of interference light by utilizing the polarization-maintaining optical fiber, the scheme of the invention can realize the same effect by adjusting any two of the five polarization controllers, and is easy to adjust; compared with single-ended signal detection, the method for detecting the differential interference signal by using the balanced detector has better detection sensitivity. The wavelength selection technology and the optical path selection technology are combined, the switching of the working center frequency is realized by the modes of selecting the wavelength and the length of the optical fiber, and a better sensitivity effect is achieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the entire fiber optic optical path system of the device;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a loop portion of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is an analysis diagram when the optical path difference between CW light and CCW light is within a half wavelength range;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of frequency selective effect analysis of an interferometric system;
FIG. 5 is an analysis diagram of an interference signal divided into two paths after passing through a polarization beam splitter;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing that xy coordinate axes formed by the stress principal axis of the polarization maintaining fiber and the o light and the e light of the PBS crystal are coincident, and the included angle of the slow axis of the port of the polarization maintaining fiber is rotated so that the fast axis and the slow axis and two orthogonal polarization directions form an included angle of 45 degrees or 135 degrees;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
An ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on an SAGNAC principle is characterized by comprising a light source, a sample probe, a circulator, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a third polarization controller, a fourth polarization controller, a fifth polarization controller, a first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a photoelectric detection device, a wavelength selector and a light path selector; the wavelength selector is used for selecting different light source wavelengths; the optical path selector is used for selecting different optical fiber lengths; the switching of the working center frequency is realized by selecting the wavelength and the length of the optical fiber;
the light source, the wavelength selector, the first polarization controller are connected, the circulator is sequentially connected, one output end of the circulator is sequentially connected with the fifth polarization controller and the photoelectric detection device, the other output end of the circulator is connected with the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, one output end of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the second polarization controller and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, the other output end of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the third polarization controller, the light path selector and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the fourth polarization controller and the sample probe.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the regulation and control of the optical path and the polarization state based on the SAGNAC principle, the photoelectric detection device comprises a balanced detector and a polarization beam splitter.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle, the CW light and the CCW light reach an ultrasonic sample through the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, the fourth polarization controller and the sample probe, and the return light enters the sample probe again and returns to the optical fiber path.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle, the return light of the CW light and the CCW light enters the circulator after passing through the first unpolarized 1-x 2 coupler again, so that the isolation of the incident light and the return light is realized.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the regulation and control of the optical path and the polarization state based on the SAGNAC principle, the light source adopts a 1310nm or 1550nm S L ED wide-spectrum optical fiber light source.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the regulation and control of the optical path and the polarization state based on the SAGNAC principle, the photoelectric detection device is a photoelectric detector.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the regulation and control of the optical path and the polarization state based on the SAGNAC principle, the sample probe adopts a structure of a collimator and a lens to focus a sample, and an optical signal carrying ultrasonic information on the surface of the sample is returned to an optical fiber optical path.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the regulation and control of the optical path and the polarization state based on the SAGNAC principle, three optical fibers with polarization-maintaining interfaces are adopted by the polarization beam splitter.
In the ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the regulation and control of the optical path and the polarization state based on the SAGNAC principle, all other optical fibers and optical fiber devices except the polarization beam splitter are in a non-polarization mode.
The light from the light source firstly passes through the wavelength selector, the first polarization controller PC1, then passes through the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler BS1, and the CW light firstly goes through the upper path in the figure 1, then the CW light passes through the second polarization controller PC2, the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler BS2, the fourth polarization controller PC4, the sample probe, then the CW light returns to the fourth polarization controller PC4, the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler BS2, then the CW light goes through the next path, then the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler BS1, the light path selector, the third polarization controller PC2, then the CCW light also enters the circulator, and the CCW light also similarly goes through the lower path and then goes through the upper path when the CCW light returns, as shown in the figure 2.
Because most of the optical paths taken by the CW light and the CCW light are identical, only when the CW light and the CCW light pass through the polarization controller, the polarization planes of the two beams of light are changed differently due to the birefringence effect, and the additional optical paths are also different. Using this effect of optical path change and polarization change, the desired combination of optical path and polarization is found, for example, in the optical path of fig. 1, the optical path (phase) difference needs to be adjusted to pi/2, and the polarization planes are orthogonal.
One specific adjustment process is: first, the second polarization controller PC2 is adjusted so that the added optical path difference between the CW light and the CCW light is pi/2, and at this time, not only the optical path difference changes, but also the polarization planes of the CW light and the CCW light are correspondingly deflected, which results in a decrease in interference efficiency. Then, the first polarization controller PC1 is adjusted again to make the polarization directions of the CW light and the CCW light orthogonal, and the interference efficiency of the two orthogonal lights is almost 0, but the original non-interference light is changed into two differential interference signals with the maximum interference efficiency through the polarization beam splitter PBS (as shown in fig. 6), and then the two differential interference signals enter the balanced detector.
The principle of the invention is as follows: wherein λ is the wavelength and c is the wave velocity of light，
For the phase difference, delta L is the length difference of the long arm and the short arm of the optical fiber, and delta tau is the time delay of the long arm and the short arm;
consider the oscillation of the sample:
time delay of the long arm and the short arm of the SAGNAC interferometer:
optical path difference corresponding to delay:
maximum sensitivity conditions:
an appropriate operating point should have maximum sensitivity at zero signal of the system, i.e. no vibration of the sample. When the sample has no signal, because the optical path difference of the two paths of light is the same,
the system now operates at the location of the interference maxima, the derivative of which is 0, i.e. at the least sensitive place, according to the nature of the cosine function. To improve the sensitivity of the quiescent operating point, an initial phase difference should be imparted when no signal is present in the sample
Phase continuation condition: as shown in fig. 3:
if the non-linearity is considered, only ω needs to be consideredAΔ τ operates within half a wavelength range to avoid the phenomenon of phase folding. However, since the nonlinearity causes signal distortion, an inverse operation is required to be performed on the measured signal to recover the oscillation signal of the sample.
Ensuring phase continuityThe conditions of (a) are:
frequency selective effect of SAGNAC interferometer:
from the previous derivation, it can be seen that the nature of the SAGNAC interferometer is a velocity interferometer, i.e., the oscillation is differentiated. The differentiator has the effect of low pass filtering, but in practice SAGNAC interferometric systems are not a strict differentiator, and due to the limited sensitivity of the system, the time difference between the two beams reaching the sample surface cannot be made infinitesimally small. This non-ideal differential effect results in a frequency selective effect for the SAGNAC interferometer, most sensitive at some frequencies and least sensitive at others. As in the case depicted in fig. 4, when Δ τ ═ pi/ωAThe interferometer is the most sensitive; when [ Delta ] tau is 2 pi/omegaAThe interferometer is the least sensitive. When the first beam of light (CCW light) arrives at time t1, the second beam of light (CW light) passes through Δ τ ═ pi/ωAWhen the signal arrives later, the interference signal is also a sine signal, and the intensity of the signal is maximum at the moment; when the first beam of light (CCW) arrives at time t2, the second beam of light (CW) arrives at Δ τ 2 π/ωAAt the time of late arrival, there is no signal, corresponding to ωAThe signal of/2 is filtered out.
It can be seen that the choice of the wavelength of the different light sources and the choice of the length of the optical fibre is crucial in this technique, since it directly affects the center frequency of the measurement. In order to solve the problem, the device is combined with a wavelength selection technology and an optical path selection technology on the basis, and the switching of the working center frequency is realized by selecting the wavelength and the length of an optical fiber.
It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on an SAGNAC principle is characterized by comprising a light source, a sample probe, a circulator, a first polarization controller, a second polarization controller, a third polarization controller, a fourth polarization controller, a fifth polarization controller, a first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, a photoelectric detection device, a wavelength selector and a light path selector; the wavelength selector is used for selecting different light source wavelengths; the optical path selector is used for selecting different optical fiber lengths; the switching of the working center frequency is realized by selecting the wavelength and the length of the optical fiber;
the light source, the wavelength selector, the first polarization controller and the circulator are sequentially connected, one output end of the circulator is sequentially connected with the fifth polarization controller and the photoelectric detection device, the other output end of the circulator is connected with the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, one output end of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the second polarization controller and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, the other output end of the first non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the third polarization controller, the light path selector and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler, and the second non-polarization 1 x 2 coupler is sequentially connected with the fourth polarization controller and the sample probe.
2. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light from the light source is first passed through the wavelength selector, then through the first polarization controller and the circulator, then through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler and divided into two paths with different lengths, wherein one path is CW light in clockwise direction, and the other path is CCW light in counterclockwise direction.
3. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the photodetection device comprises a polarization beam splitter and a balance detector.
4. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 2, wherein the CW light and the CCW light pass through the second unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler, the fourth polarization controller and the sample probe to reach the ultrasonic sample, and the return light enters the sample probe again to return to the optical fiber path.
5. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 4, wherein the return light of the CW light and the CCW light enters the circulator after passing through the first unpolarized 1 x 2 coupler again, so as to realize the isolation of the incident light and the return light.
6. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source is 1310nm or 1550nm S L ED wide-spectrum optical fiber light source.
7. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sample probe focuses the sample by using a collimator plus lens structure, and realizes that the optical signal carrying the ultrasonic information on the surface of the sample returns to the optical fiber path.
8. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 3, wherein the polarization beam splitter adopts three optical fibers with polarization maintaining interfaces.
9. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 3, wherein all the optical fibers and optical fiber devices except the polarization beam splitter are non-polarized.
10. The ultrasonic measuring device for realizing the optical path and polarization state regulation based on the SAGNAC principle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the combination of any two of the five polarization controllers can realize the non-independent regulation of the initial optical path difference and the polarization state.
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| PCT/CN2020/106207 WO2021212688A1 (en) | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-31 | Ultrasonic measurement device for realizing, on basis of sagnac principle, optical path and polarization state regulation and control |
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| CN113048968A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-06-29 | 中山大学 | Polarization state control system and method of non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac interferometer |
| CN113048968B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-08-19 | 中山大学 | Polarization state control system and method of non-polarization-maintaining Sagnac interferometer |
| CN117193261A (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2023-12-08 | 华南师范大学 | Polarization controller performance test method, system and device |
| CN117193261B (en) * | 2023-10-13 | 2024-04-02 | 华南师范大学 | Polarization controller performance test method, system and device |
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| CN111486939B (en) | 2021-02-12 |
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