CN112697807A - Cylindrical object surface crack width detection method - Google Patents
Cylindrical object surface crack width detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112697807A CN112697807A CN202011450792.4A CN202011450792A CN112697807A CN 112697807 A CN112697807 A CN 112697807A CN 202011450792 A CN202011450792 A CN 202011450792A CN 112697807 A CN112697807 A CN 112697807A
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 11
- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/8901—Optical details; Scanning details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness
- G01B11/04—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving
- G01B11/046—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness specially adapted for measuring length or width of objects while moving for measuring width
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring roughness or irregularity of surfaces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/8914—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles characterised by the material examined
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/89—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles
- G01N21/892—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in moving material, e.g. running paper or textiles characterised by the flaw, defect or object feature examined
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/952—Inspecting the exterior surface of cylindrical bodies or wires
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting the surface crack width of a cylindrical object. And then the laser displacement sensor moves from the starting end surface to the ending end surface of the cylindrical object along an axis parallel to the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object, the surface distance of the object is continuously detected in a spiral track, and the width of the crack can be calculated according to the rotating speed, the diameter, the distance sampling frequency and the number of sampling points of sudden distance change caused by the crack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to crack detection, in particular to a method for detecting the width of cracks on the surface of a cylindrical object, wherein the cylindrical object comprises a round bar, a round pipe, a cone, a ball, a special-shaped cylinder and the like.
Technical Field
In industrial production, cylindric object is processing and cutting apart the in-process, remains the iron wire on the cutter easily, and when cylindric object moved forward, the iron wire caused cylindric object surface crackle easily, influences product quality, seriously influences product life even and leaves the potential safety hazard. Crack detection for this is an important ring in industrial practice. The cylindrical objects comprise round bars, round tubes, cones, balls, special-shaped cylinders and the like.
At present, no method for quickly detecting cracks of cylindrical objects without using radioactive sources exists at home and abroad. The existing crack detection equipment has overhigh cost, mainly aims at the surface crack detection of a large-diameter pipeline, has overhigh requirements on the erection and the positioning of the pipeline, and cannot quickly detect the surface crack of a product with low requirements.
In traditional industrial production process, mainly rely on the human eye to observe the inside and outside surface crackle of the little cylindric object of pipe diameter, need artificial damaged product that has the crackle in rejection surface simultaneously, traditional mode work efficiency is low, and it is high to surface crack leak testing rate, and it is big to consume the manpower.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for detecting a crack width on a surface of a cylindrical object, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
s01, driving the cylindrical object to rotate around the axis of the cylindrical object at a rotating speed of w, wherein the cylindrical object is an object with a fixed diameter, and has an inner diameter of dn and an outer diameter of dw;
s02, enabling a laser displacement sensor to move from the starting end surface to the ending end surface of the cylindrical object along an axis parallel to the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object, wherein the displacement speed of the axis parallel to the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object of the laser displacement sensor is v, the laser displacement sensor continuously detects the distance between the inner surface or the outer surface in a spiral track, and the starting end surface and the ending end surface are both perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical object;
s03, the laser displacement sensor collects the laser signals reflected by the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object to generate sampling voltage signals with the frequency of f, the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object is h, h is the detection median distance of the laser displacement sensor, when the distance between the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object and the laser displacement sensor is within the range of (h-m, h + m), the laser beams are totally reflected, and the laser displacement sensor correspondingly generates u-m～u+m2m is the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor, when a crack is detected, the laser beam is scattered, the laser sensor cannot receive the reflected laser beam, and the sampling voltage is greater than u+m；
S04, extracting effective voltage sampling sections generated due to cracks from the sampling voltage signals obtained in the step S03, wherein each effective voltage sampling section comprises a plurality of effective voltage sampling points, and the method comprises the following steps: if the voltage amplitude of the sampling point is lower than u+mRemoving to obtain a primary selection voltage sampling point, and removing if the time interval between the primary selection voltage sampling point and the adjacent previous or next primary selection voltage sampling point is greater than 1/f;
s05, calculating the crack width b corresponding to the effective pulse signal section according to the number y of the effective voltage sampling points in each effective voltage sampling section:
or
A lower limit length of the crack is L, then: l ═ v/w;
preferably, the cylindrical object is a variable diameter object, a circular section perpendicular to an axis of the cylindrical object has a distance x from a starting end face of the cylindrical object, and an inner diameter dn ═ f (x) or an outer diameter dw ═ g (x) of the cylindrical object at the circular section;
the step S02 further includes the steps of: detecting the distance x from the laser displacement sensor to the initial end face of the cylindrical object in synchronization with the displacement of the laser displacement sensor;
the step S05 further includes the steps of: calculating the diameter of the inner or outer surface of the cylindrical object irradiated by the laser beam according to the distance x of the laser displacement sensor from the starting end face of the cylindrical object: dn ═ f (x) or dw ═ g (x).
Further, the application of the detection method is that the detection method is used for measuring the width of cracks on the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object, if the width of any detected crack is not less than a threshold value, the cylindrical object is judged to be waste and sorted to a waste pile, and if the widths of all detected cracks are less than the threshold value, the cylindrical object is judged to be a qualified product and sorted to a qualified product pile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can realize the automatic detection of the surface cracks of the materials, can quickly feed the materials so as to improve the detection speed, has high automation degree of equipment, and can well save manpower. The method for detecting the cracks on the surface of the cylindrical object does not involve the use of a reflection source, and is safe, efficient and pollution-free.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below.
FIG. 1 is a time-voltage graph of a laser displacement sensor of the present invention detecting a rotating cylindrical object;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of the time-voltage curve of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a graph of an error analysis of a laser displacement sensor of the present invention detecting a rotating cylindrical object;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the laser displacement sensor of the present invention in a position to sense a rotating cylindrical object;
1. the cylindrical object 2, the driving wheel 3, the guide rail 4, the moving mechanism 5 and the laser displacement sensor.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with the following drawings, which are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention. The invention is described in more detail in the following paragraphs by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings. The advantages and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims. It is to be noted that the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, and are provided for the purpose of more clearly and conveniently illustrating the practice of the present invention.
Example 1
In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4, a cylindrical object 1 with a fixed diameter is placed between two pairs of driving wheels 2, and is driven to rotate around its own axis, a guide rail 3 parallel to the cylindrical object 1 is arranged away from the cylindrical object 1, a moving mechanism 4 is mounted on the guide rail 3 and can move along the guide rail 3, and a laser displacement sensor 5 is mounted at the bottom of the moving mechanism 4. The sensing port of the laser displacement sensor 5 is aligned with the cylindrical object 1. The laser displacement sensor 5 adopts a Microtrak III high-precision laser displacement sensor with the specification of LTS-120-40, the detection median distance h of the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5 is 120mm, the measurement range 2m is 40mm, the nearest measurement range is 100mm, and the farthest measurement range is 140mm, so that the distance between the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5 and the cylindrical object 1 is 120 mm. The driving wheel 2 and the moving mechanism 4 are all connected with a PLC control unit (programmable logic controller) to realize automatic control, the PLC control unit is provided with a high-frequency pulse generation module, the upper computer sends an instruction to control the high-frequency pulse generation module to transmit pulse to the servo motor driver to drive the driving wheel 2 and the moving mechanism 4, and the communication module transmits an electric signal acquired from the high-precision laser displacement sensor 5 to the upper computer. The standard range analog voltage output of the laser displacement sensor 5 is: 1-9V, the measurement sensitivity is 5 mu m/mV, when the distance between the outer surface of the cylindrical object and the laser displacement sensor is within the range of (h-m, h + m), the laser beam is totally reflected, and the laser displacement sensor correspondingly generates a 1V-9V sampling voltage signal.
In the initial state, the moving mechanism 4 is at the starting end face, i.e., the right side, of the cylindrical object 1;
1. drive wheel 2 starts, cylindric object 1 relies on the high-speed width of the outer surface crackle of frictional force rotation (mainly measure cylindric object 1 in this embodiment, if measure the width of internal surface crackle, cylindric object 1 is the pipeline, guide rail 3, moving mechanism 4, high accuracy laser displacement sensor 5 arranges in the pipeline), moving mechanism 4 drives laser displacement sensor 5 motion simultaneously, laser displacement sensor 5 carries out the spiral distance change with 1 ms's speed to cylindric object 1 and detects, moving mechanism 4 moves a cycle back and forth on guide rail 3, PLC's communication module gathers detection data, the distance change is relevant with the degree of depth and the width of crackle, the data feedback is to the host computer, the crackle detects and finishes.
2. The host computer judges whether by cylindric object 1 for qualified products, if cylindric object 1 is qualified products, then releases cylindric object 1 and places the case to qualified products material, otherwise releases cylindric object 1 and places the case to impaired products material, and the material classification finishes.
The following explanation is given by taking the detection of a round tube with a crack and an outer diameter of 5mm (cylindrical object 1) as an example, the detection of round bars with other small diameters is the same, specifically, the round tube with a crack and an outer diameter of 5mm rotates at a uniform speed of 2400r/min, the laser displacement sensor 5 is fixed above the round tube to be detected and moves 120mm to detect the spiral crack of the round tube to be detected, when the tube wall has a crack, the distance detected by the laser displacement sensor 5 changes, and the distance is fed back to the upper computer in a voltage mode. A circular pipe with cracks and the diameter of 5mm is arranged at the rotating speed of 2400r/min, a time-voltage curve graph with the sampling frequency of 20kHz is adopted by a laser displacement sensor 5, the change of voltage represents the change of distance, as shown in figure 1, the distance change forms low-frequency fluctuation due to different axiality when the circular pipe rotates, the distance mutation position is a crack position, figure 2 is a local enlarged view of the time-voltage curve of figure 1, the width of the cracks on the circular pipe to be measured can be calculated through the sampling frequency, the rotating speed, the pipe diameter and the number of high-level sampling points, and the voltage represents the depth of the cracks.
The crack width for fig. 2 was calculated as follows: the sampling frequency is 20KHz, the pipe diameter is 5mm, the rotating speed is 2400r/min, namely 40r/s, the high-level points are 3, namely the points with the voltage larger than 9v, the crack width b is 3.14 5/2 40 3/20000 is 0.0471mm, the crack bottom is not flat, total reflection does not occur, and the laser displacement sensor cannot sample the reflected laser signal, so the depth is uncertain.
When utilizing laser displacement sensor 5 to detect the pipe by survey, can have some interference sampling points, 2 preceding groups of high levels show bad sampling points as shown in fig. 3, probably be the burr on pipe surface, its high level sampling point number is only 1, only last group of high level has shown good target image, crack width can audio-visually react, when the host computer is gathered apart from data, only keep apart from sudden change sampling point number and be greater than 1, voltage amplitude is higher than 9V's high level sampling group, in order to reduce measuring error.
Meanwhile, in the present embodiment, if the laser displacement sensor 5 moves parallel to the circular tube at a speed of more than 1000m/s, the minimum length L of the crack that can be detected by the laser displacement sensor 5 is 1000/40-25 mm. Cracks longer than 25mm cannot be detected.
Example 2
The cylindrical object 1 in example 1 can also be adjusted to a cylindrical object with a variable diameter: the device comprises a sphere or a truncated cone, wherein a cylindrical object 1 is placed between two pairs of driving wheels 2 and is driven to rotate around the axis of the cylindrical object 1 at a rotating speed w, a curve guide rail 3 parallel to the surface of the cylindrical object 1 is arranged far away from the cylindrical object 1, the guide rail 3 extends from the starting end surface to the ending end surface of the cylindrical object 1, a moving mechanism 4 is installed on the guide rail 3 and can move along the guide rail 3 at a constant speed v, and a laser displacement sensor 5 is installed at the bottom of the moving mechanism 4. The sensing port of the laser displacement sensor 5 is aligned with the cylindrical object 1. The distance from a circular section perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical object to the starting end face of the cylindrical object is x, the inner diameter dn (f) (x) or the outer diameter dw (g) (x) of the cylindrical object at the circular section is adopted, the laser displacement sensor continuously detects the distance from the inner surface or the outer surface by a spiral track, and the starting end face and the ending end face are perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical object;
the sampling frequency of the laser displacement sensor for sampling the laser reflected by the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object is f, and the laser displacement sensorThe distance between the device and the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object is h, h is the detection median distance of the laser displacement sensor, when the distance between the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object and the laser displacement sensor is within the range of (h-m, h + m), the laser pulse signal is totally reflected, and the laser displacement sensor correspondingly generates u-m～u+m2m is the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor;
effective voltage sampling sections generated due to cracks are extracted from the obtained voltage sampling points, each effective voltage sampling section comprises a plurality of effective voltage sampling points, and the method comprises the following steps: if the voltage amplitude of the sampling point is lower than u+mRemoving to obtain a primary selection voltage sampling point, and removing if the time interval between the primary selection voltage sampling point and the adjacent previous or next primary selection voltage sampling point is greater than 1/f;
calculating the crack width b corresponding to each effective pulse signal segment according to the number y of the effective voltage pulse signals in each effective pulse signal segment:
or
The lower limit length of the crack is L, then: l ═ v/w
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, and is not intended to limit the invention in any way; the present invention may be readily implemented by those of ordinary skill in the art as illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described above; however, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims; meanwhile, any changes, modifications, and evolutions of the equivalent changes of the above embodiments according to the actual techniques of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The method for detecting the width of the crack on the surface of the cylindrical object is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s01, driving the cylindrical object to rotate around the axis of the cylindrical object at a rotating speed of w, wherein the cylindrical object is an object with a fixed diameter, and has an inner diameter of dn and an outer diameter of dw;
s02, enabling a laser displacement sensor to move from the starting end surface to the ending end surface of the cylindrical object along an axis parallel to the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object, wherein the displacement speed of the axis parallel to the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object of the laser displacement sensor is v, the laser displacement sensor continuously detects the distance between the inner surface or the outer surface in a spiral track, and the starting end surface and the ending end surface are both perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical object;
s03, the laser displacement sensor collects the laser signals reflected by the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object to generate sampling voltage signals with the frequency of f, the distance between the laser displacement sensor and the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object is h, h is the detection median distance of the laser displacement sensor, when the distance between the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object and the laser displacement sensor is within the range of (h-m, h + m), the laser beams are totally reflected, and the laser displacement sensor correspondingly generates u-m～u+m2m is the measuring range of the laser displacement sensor, when a crack is detected, the laser beam is scattered, the laser sensor cannot receive the reflected laser beam, and the sampling voltage is greater than u+m；
S04, extracting effective voltage sampling sections generated due to cracks from the sampling voltage signals obtained in the step S03, wherein each effective voltage sampling section comprises a plurality of effective voltage sampling points, and the method comprises the following steps: if the voltage amplitude of the sampling point is lower than u+mRemoving to obtain a primary selection voltage sampling point, and removing if the time interval between the primary selection voltage sampling point and the adjacent previous or next primary selection voltage sampling point is greater than 1/f;
s05, calculating the crack width b corresponding to the effective pulse signal section according to the number y of the effective voltage sampling points in each effective voltage sampling section:
or
A lower limit length of the crack is L, then: and L is v/w.
2. The method for detecting the surface crack width of the cylindrical object according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical object is a variable-diameter object, the distance from a circular section perpendicular to the axis of the cylindrical object to the starting end face of the cylindrical object is x, and the inner diameter dn ═ f (x) or the outer diameter dw ═ g (x) of the cylindrical object at the circular section is;
the step S02 further includes the steps of: detecting the distance x from the laser displacement sensor to the initial end face of the cylindrical object in synchronization with the displacement of the laser displacement sensor;
the step S05 further includes the steps of: calculating the diameter of the inner or outer surface of the cylindrical object irradiated by the laser beam according to the distance x of the laser displacement sensor from the starting end face of the cylindrical object: dn ═ f (x) or dw ═ g (x).
3. The use of the inspection method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the inspection method is used to measure the width of cracks on the inner surface or the outer surface of the cylindrical object, and if the width of any crack is not less than a threshold value, the cylindrical object is determined to be a waste material and sorted to a waste material pile, and if the widths of all cracks are less than the threshold value, the cylindrical object is determined to be a good product and sorted to a good product pile.
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