CN112697598A - Pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device and method for simulating foundation expansion and shrinkage - Google Patents
Pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device and method for simulating foundation expansion and shrinkage Download PDFInfo
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- CN112697598A CN112697598A CN202011414103.4A CN202011414103A CN112697598A CN 112697598 A CN112697598 A CN 112697598A CN 202011414103 A CN202011414103 A CN 202011414103A CN 112697598 A CN112697598 A CN 112697598A
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Abstract
A pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device and method for simulating foundation expansion and shrinkage is characterized in that a transparent expansion and shrinkage box with a rubber film at the top is embedded between piles in a model box of the device, and the expansion and shrinkage box is connected with a water control device through a water pipe; a loading air bag is arranged between sand grains of the model box and a loading plate above the sand grains, and the loading air bag is communicated with an inflating device through an air pipe; the front and back panels of the model box are transparent organic glass plates; a high-speed camera is placed in front of the model box; the sand grains are paved with thin-layer color sand and are provided with soil pressure boxes. The device simulates the influence of the expansion soil foundation on the soil arch effect due to the water expansion and shrinkage characteristics, the working condition of the device is consistent with the actual condition of the expansion soil between piles due to the water expansion and shrinkage, the obtained strain mechanism and data such as the stress distribution, the pile-soil action relation and the like of the pile net roadbed have small deviation, more reliable test basis can be provided for the design, construction and maintenance of the high-speed railway roadbed in the expansion soil area, and the smoothness and safety of the high-speed railway line are better ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geotechnical model test device, in particular to a plane strain test device for a pile net structure railway roadbed.
Background
The expansive soil is high-plasticity clay and is widely distributed in more than 20 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China. The expansive soil foundation has the characteristics of water absorption expansion, water loss shrinkage and repeated expansion and shrinkage deformation, potential damage exists on an overlying railway roadbed (composed of an embankment above the foundation and a foundation bed above the embankment) due to expansive soil deformation, and engineering diseases such as instability of an expansive soil foundation side slope, upward arching of a track and the like can be caused by dry-wet circulation in an expansive soil area with concentrated rainy seasons and clear dry seasons and rainy seasons, so that the long-term service performance of a railway line structure is seriously influenced.
In order to ensure the smoothness and long-term safe operation of high-speed railway lines, at present, in medium-compression soil and soft soil areas, a structural system of pile nets supporting foundations is often adopted to reduce roadbed deformation caused by expansive and shrinkage deformation of expansive soil foundations. Pile network structure ground mainly comprises geotechnological grid layer etc. of pile body, stake soil and pile bolck between the stake, and under the effect of the load of upper roadbed and ground dead weight, the ground soil body takes place to compress and warp, and stake soil and pile bolck soil form subside poor (the stake is more that the soil subsides between the stake, and the less that the pile bolck soil subsides), form soil arch effect and cushion layer film drawing effect in the ground soil body: most of load is transmitted to the pile and is transmitted to the deep foundation through the pile, so that the load borne by soil between the piles is reduced, and the uneven settlement of the foundation is reduced. The soil arch effect is a main load transfer mechanism of the pile-net structure foundation, and the foundation strain mechanism and related data generated by the soil arch effect are clarified through tests, so that the method has a vital significance on the design, construction and maintenance of the railway foundation.
The existing pile-net structure roadbed strain test only simulates the settlement of a foundation under the action of self weight or load, and does not consider the influence of the water expansion and shrinkage characteristics of an expansive soil foundation on the soil arch effect (in rainy season, the expansive soil foundation absorbs water to expand and deform, and the soil among piles generates upward expansion and displacement, so that the soil arch effect of the foundation is weakened; the working condition of the method is inconsistent with the actual condition of expansive soil between piles due to water swelling and shrinkage, and the deviation of the strain mechanism and data, such as the stress distribution, pile-soil action relation and the like of the pile net structure obtained by the test is large and inaccurate, so that the smoothness and long-term safe operation of the high-speed railway line cannot be reliably ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction, which simulates the influence of expansion and contraction characteristics of an expansive soil foundation on a soil arch effect, the working condition of the pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device conforms to the actual condition that the expansive soil among piles expands and contracts due to water, the obtained strain mechanisms and data deviation such as stress distribution, pile-soil action relation and the like of the pile net railway roadbed are small, a more reliable test basis can be provided for design, construction and maintenance of a high-speed railway roadbed in an expansive soil region, and smoothness and safety of a high-speed railway line are better ensured.
The invention realizes the technical scheme that the pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and shrinkage comprises a model box, piles in the model box, pile caps at the tops of the piles, geogrids laid above the pile caps, sand grains filled in the geogrids in layers and above the geogrids, a loading plate above the model box and the loading plate are connected with a top beam of a loading frame through a force transmission rod, and the pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device is characterized in that:
an expansion and contraction box simulating expansion and contraction of expansive soil is embedded between the piles in the model box, and the expansion and contraction box consists of a transparent organic glass box with an open top and a rubber film fixed at the top of the organic glass box; an electric exhaust valve is arranged at the upper part of the organic glass box; a water inlet hole in the side wall of the organic glass box is connected with a water control device through a water pipe;
a loading air bag is also arranged between the sand grains and the loading plate and is communicated with an inflating device through an air pipe; the front and rear panels of the model box are transparent organic glass plates, and the side panels are steel plates; a high-speed camera is placed in front of the model box;
soil pressure boxes are arranged on the top, middle and bottom layers of the sand grains, and the soil pressure boxes are positioned above the pile caps or above the centers of the expansion boxes; the sand grains are filled in a layered mode, and thin layers of colored sand are paved among the sand grains;
the electric exhaust valve, the water control device, the air charging device and the soil pressure box are electrically connected with the acquisition and control device.
The second invention aims to provide a method for carrying out the pile-mesh structure railway roadbed plane strain test by using the pile-mesh railway roadbed plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction, wherein the test working condition of the method is consistent with the actual condition that expansive soil among piles expands and contracts due to water, so that the obtained strain mechanisms and data deviation such as stress distribution, pile-soil action relation and the like of the pile-mesh roadbed are small, a more reliable test basis can be provided for design, construction and maintenance of a high-speed railway roadbed in an expansive soil region, and smoothness and safety of a high-speed railway line are better ensured.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the second invention purpose is that the pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction is used for carrying out the pile net structure railway roadbed plane strain test method, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. roadbed loading: the acquisition and control device controls the inflating device to inflate the loading air bag, and the loading air bag inflates and expands until the air pressure reaches a set value; under the action of the counter force of the loading frame, the dowel bar and the loading plate, a set load is applied to the sand grains;
B. expanding and shrinking the foundation:
the collecting and controlling device controls the electric exhaust valve to be opened, controls the water controlling device to inject water into the organic glass box through the water pipe, and controls the electric exhaust valve to be closed after air in the expansion and contraction box is exhausted; the water control device continues to inject water into the organic glass box, so that the rubber water film at the top of the organic glass box generates upward displacement and deformation until the water injection pressure reaches a set value, and the process that the expansion box simulates the upward expansion of the expansive soil is completed;
then, the collection and control device controls the water control device to pump water from the organic glass box through the water pipe, so that the rubber water film on the top of the organic glass box generates downward displacement and deformation until the water pumping pressure reaches a set value, and the process that the swelling box simulates swelling soil to shrink downwards is completed;
C. data acquisition: in the foundation expansion and shrinkage process in the step B, the high-speed camera is aligned to the model box to shoot the displacement and deformation of sand grains and the rubber film in real time; and the acquisition and control device acquires and records in real time: the water pressure of water injection or water pumping of the water control device and the soil pressure measured by each soil pressure cell.
D. Repeating: the operation of B, C steps is repeated for a set number of times, and the test is completed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the process of water absorption expansion-dehydration shrinkage of the expansive soil is simulated by ingeniously leading the rubber film at the top of the organic glass box to generate convex deformation and concave deformation through water inlet and dehydration of the organic glass box; the expansion and shrinkage deformation process generated by soaking expansion and dehydration shrinkage of the expansive soil foundation under the actual alternate rainy season and the actual tidal rise and fall environment of underground water in underground water rich areas such as rivers and lakes is well simulated, and is close to the plane strain condition of the pile net structure in the actual engineering; the stress distribution of the pile net subgrade, the pile-soil action relation and other strain mechanisms and data obtained from the test result have small deviation, can provide more reliable test basis for the design, construction and maintenance of the high-speed railway subgrade in the expansive soil region, and better ensure the smoothness and safety of the high-speed railway line.
And secondly, changing the types of sand grains, the set air pressure of the rubber air bags, the width of the rubber film, the pile spacing and the set water pressure in the organic glass box, and performing pile net railway roadbed plane strain tests under the conditions of different types of roadbeds, different initial soil arch effects, different pile spacings and different foundation expansion and contraction deformation. The pile net railway roadbed plane strain test method has the advantages that the test transformation parameters are multiple, the application range is wide, the pile net railway roadbed plane strain test under various conditions can be carried out, the strain mechanisms and data such as the stress distribution of the pile net railway roadbed, the pile soil action relation and the like under various conditions can be obtained, and more reliable test basis can be provided for the design, construction and maintenance of high-speed railway roadbeds in different expansive soil areas.
Thirdly, the rubber film on the top of the organic glass box is rapidly deformed convexly and concavely by water entering and losing of the organic glass box, so that the problem that the dry-wet cycle process of the expansive soil consumes long time in the conventional expansive soil expansion simulation test is solved; the test is simple, convenient and efficient, and the time cost and the labor cost of the test are greatly reduced.
Thirdly, the invention skillfully utilizes the loading air bag to apply load to the roadbed (sand grains) to simulate the load of the upper roadbed to the lower roadbed, thereby reducing the height of the model box and the types and the quantity of the filled sand grains; meanwhile, the loading air bag can apply gapless continuous uniform load to the sand grains, and the load transmission condition is consistent with the actual load transmission condition of the interface between roadbed layers; further ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the test result.
Fourthly, thin layers of colored sand are laid between sand grain layers which are filled in a layered mode, a high-speed camera can capture displacement change tracks of the colored sand and a rubber film, then a Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technology can be adopted to observe and analyze the soil arch shape under the expansion and shrinkage of the rubber water film, the soil arch evolution law and the pile net structure roadbed deformation law in the dry-wet cycle process of the expansive soil foundation are visually observed and analyzed, and the influence of the expansion and shrinkage deformation of the foundation on the soil arch shape evolution is explored.
Further, a transverse sliding groove is fixed at the bottom in the model box, and the bottom of the pile is fixed in the sliding groove in a threaded manner.
Therefore, the pile spacing can be conveniently adjusted, and pile net railway roadbed plane strain tests with different pile spacing foundation expansion and contraction are convenient to perform.
Furthermore, the rubber films are two layers, and longitudinal ribs are arranged between the two layers of rubber films.
Therefore, the longitudinal ribs can control the rubber film to generate plane strain only on the observation surface of the test, so that the mechanism and data of plane strain of the pile net railway roadbed can be better observed and analyzed.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the expansion box according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the expansion box according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Examples
Fig. 1 shows that, according to a specific embodiment of the present invention, a pile net railway roadbed plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction comprises a model box 1, piles 2 in the model box 1, pile caps 2a on the tops of the piles 2, geogrid 3 laid above the pile caps 2a, sand grains 4 filled in the geogrid 3 in layers and above the geogrid, a loading plate 6 above the model box 1, and the loading plate 6 is connected with a top beam of a loading frame 8 through a force transmission rod 7, and is characterized in that:
fig. 1-3 show that an expansion and contraction box simulating expansion and contraction of expansive soil is embedded between the piles 2 in the model box 1, and the expansion and contraction box is composed of a transparent organic glass box 9 with an open top and a rubber film 10 fixed on the top of the organic glass box 9; the upper part of the organic glass box 9 is provided with an electric exhaust valve 11; a water inlet hole on the side wall of the organic glass box 9 is connected with a water control device through a water pipe 12;
a loading air bag 5 is also arranged between the sand grains 4 and the loading plate 6, and the loading air bag 5 is communicated with an inflating device through an air pipe; the front and rear panels of the model box 1 are transparent organic glass plates, and the side panels are steel plates; a high-speed camera is placed in front of the model box 1;
the top, middle and bottom layers of the sand grains 4 are provided with soil pressure boxes 14, and the soil pressure boxes 14 are positioned above the pile caps 2a or above the centers of the expansion boxes; the sand grains 4 are filled in a layered mode, and thin layers of colored sand are paved among the sand grains;
the electric exhaust valve 11, the water control device, the air charging device and the soil pressure box 14 are electrically connected with the acquisition and control device.
The bottom of the model box 1 of this example is fixed with a transverse chute, and the bottom of the pile 2 is fixed in the chute by screw thread.
Fig. 2-3 show that the rubber film 10 of this example is two-ply, with longitudinal ribs 16 between the two rubber films 10.
The method for carrying out the pile-net structure railway roadbed plane strain test by using the pile-net railway roadbed plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction comprises the following steps:
A. roadbed loading: the acquisition and control device controls the inflating device to inflate the loading airbag 5, and the loading airbag 5 inflates and expands until the air pressure reaches a set value; under the action of the counter force of the loading frame 8, the dowel bar 7 and the loading plate 6, the set load is applied to the sand grains 4;
B. expanding and shrinking the foundation:
the collection and control device controls the electric exhaust valve 11 to be opened, controls the water control device to inject water into the organic glass box 9 through the water pipe 12, and controls the electric exhaust valve 11 to be closed after air in the expansion and contraction box is exhausted; the water control device continues to inject water into the organic glass box 9, so that the rubber water film 10 at the top of the organic glass box 9 generates upward displacement and deformation until the water pressure of the water injection reaches a set value, and the process that the expansion box simulates the upward expansion of the expansive soil is completed; see fig. 1 and 2.
Then, the collection and control device controls the water control device to pump water from the organic glass box 9 through the water pipe 12, so that the rubber water film 10 at the top of the organic glass box 9 generates downward displacement and deformation until the water pumping pressure reaches a set value, and the process that the swelling and shrinking box simulates swelling soil to shrink downwards is completed; see fig. 1 and 3.
C. Data acquisition: in the foundation expansion and shrinkage process in the step B, the high-speed camera is aligned to the model box 1 to shoot the displacement and deformation of the sand grains 4 and the rubber film 10 in real time; and the acquisition and control device acquires and records in real time: the water pressure of water injection or water pumping of the water control device and the soil pressure measured by each soil pressure cell 14.
D. Repeating: the operation of B, C steps is repeated for a set number of times, and the test is completed.
The set number of times of the repeated operation of the step D in the invention is usually 0-5 times, namely the total cycle number of the expansion and contraction of the foundation in the test is usually 1-6 times.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a stake net railway roadbed plane strain test device of simulation ground swell-shrink, including mold box (1), stake (2) in mold box (1), pile cap (2a) at stake (2) top, geogrid (3) laid above pile cap (2a), sand grain (4) that the layering was filled in geogrid (3) and above that, load plate (6) of mold box (1) top, load plate (6) link to each other with the back timber of load frame (8) through dowel steel (7), its characterized in that:
an expansion and contraction box simulating expansion and contraction of expansive soil is embedded between the piles (2) in the model box (1) and the piles (2), and the expansion and contraction box is composed of a transparent organic glass box (9) with an open top and a rubber film (10) fixed to the top of the organic glass box (9); an electric exhaust valve (11) is arranged at the upper part of the organic glass box (9); a water inlet hole on the side wall of the organic glass box (9) is connected with the water control device through a water pipe (12);
a loading air bag (5) is also arranged between the sand grains (4) and the loading plate (6), and the loading air bag (5) is communicated with an inflating device through an air pipe; the front and rear panels of the model box (1) are transparent organic glass plates, and the side panels are steel plates; a high-speed camera is placed in front of the model box (1);
the top, middle and bottom layers of the sand grains (4) are provided with soil pressure boxes (14), and the soil pressure boxes (14) are positioned above the pile caps (2a) or above the centers of the expansion boxes; the sand grains (4) are filled in layers, and thin layers of colored sand are paved among the sand grains;
the electric exhaust valve (11), the water control device, the air charging device and the soil pressure box (14) are electrically connected with the acquisition and control device.
2. The pile net railway subgrade plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bottom in the model box (1) is fixed with a transverse chute, and the bottom of the pile (2) is fixed in the chute by screw threads.
3. The pile net railway subgrade plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rubber membrane (10) is two-layer, and a longitudinal rib (16) is arranged between the two layers of rubber membrane (10).
4. The pile-mesh railway subgrade plane strain test device for simulating foundation expansion and contraction according to claim 1 is used for carrying out the pile-mesh railway subgrade plane strain test, and the method comprises the following steps:
A. roadbed loading: the acquisition and control device controls the inflating device to inflate the loading air bag (5), and the loading air bag (5) is inflated and expanded until the air pressure reaches a set value; under the action of the counter force of the loading frame (8), the dowel bar (7) and the loading plate (6), a set load is applied to the sand grains (4);
B. expanding and shrinking the foundation:
the collection and control device controls the electric exhaust valve (11) to be opened, controls the water control device to inject water into the organic glass box (9) through the water pipe (12), and controls the electric exhaust valve (11) to be closed after air in the expansion and contraction box is exhausted; the water control device continuously injects water into the organic glass box (9) to enable the rubber water film (10) at the top of the organic glass box (9) to generate upward displacement and deformation until the water injection pressure reaches a set value, and the process that the expansion box simulates the expansion soil to expand upwards is completed;
then, the collection and control device controls the water control device to pump water from the organic glass box (9) through the water pipe (12), so that the rubber water film (10) at the top of the organic glass box (9) generates downward displacement and deformation until the water pumping pressure reaches a set value, and the process that the expansion and contraction box simulates the downward contraction of expansive soil is completed;
C. data acquisition: in the foundation expansion and shrinkage process in the step B, the high-speed camera is aligned to the model box (1) to shoot the displacement and deformation of the sand grains (4) and the rubber film (10) in real time; and the acquisition and control device acquires and records in real time: the water filling or pumping pressure of the water control device and the soil pressure measured by each soil pressure cell (14);
D. repeating: the operation of B, C steps is repeated for a set number of times, and the test is completed.
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| CN114414391A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Testing device for applying constant load on surface of soil layer by using liquid column pressure and working method |
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| CN113189308A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-30 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Deformation testing device for saline soil foundation |
| CN113756279A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-12-07 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司武汉分公司 | Drainage module, pile unit, expansive soil foundation treatment structure and method |
| CN113756279B (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2022-09-23 | 中铁大桥勘测设计院集团有限公司武汉分公司 | Drainage module, pile unit, expansive soil foundation treatment structure and method |
| CN113605470A (en) * | 2021-09-15 | 2021-11-05 | 湖北省交通规划设计院股份有限公司 | Test device and test method for simulating slope pile filling-pile foundation model |
| CN114136773A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-04 | 苏州大学 | PIV (particle image velocimetry) enhanced measurement method for plane strain soil sample deformation |
| CN114136773B (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2023-01-17 | 苏州大学 | PIV (particle image velocimetry) enhanced measurement method for plane strain soil sample deformation |
| CN114414391A (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2022-04-29 | 中国矿业大学 | Testing device for applying constant load on surface of soil layer by using liquid column pressure and working method |
| CN114578023A (en) * | 2022-02-22 | 2022-06-03 | 大连海事大学 | Trapdoor experimental facilities based on groundwater level changes |
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