CN112697328B - Ultrasonic residual stress detection system and measurement method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic residual stress detection system and measurement method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112697328B CN112697328B CN202110019380.3A CN202110019380A CN112697328B CN 112697328 B CN112697328 B CN 112697328B CN 202110019380 A CN202110019380 A CN 202110019380A CN 112697328 B CN112697328 B CN 112697328B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- residual stress
- ultrasonic
- theta
- test area
- probe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0047—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes measuring forces due to residual stresses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic residual stress detection system and a measurement method, wherein the detection system comprises a residual stress detection unit, an acoustic anisotropy detection unit and an attenuation degree test unit, wherein a transmitting probe and a receiving probe for detecting residual stress in the residual stress detection unit, a longitudinal wave flat probe of the attenuation degree test unit and a transverse wave probe of the acoustic anisotropy detection unit are electrically connected with a multi-channel ultrasonic card and a data processing center, and the data processing center comprises a database module, an orientation azimuth angle determination module, a longitudinal wave attenuation degree calculation module and a residual stress calculation module; the ultrasonic residual stress detection system can be used for carrying out acoustic anisotropy detection and attenuation degree test on the weldment to be detected, and can realize the detection of residual stress in different directions in the same measurement area, so that a two-dimensional plane stress field of the test area is obtained, the system can reduce the influence of material organization effect, and the measurement precision of an ultrasonic detection method is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding residual stress detection, and particularly discloses an ultrasonic residual stress detection system and a measurement method.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
Welding is the most important connection mode in industrial production, the welding quality determines the quality of a welded product, and the damage of a welding joint caused by excessive welding residual stress is the most important welding damage. The nondestructive testing of the residual stress of the welding joint plays a very important guiding role in optimizing the welding process in production practice. The nondestructive testing method of the residual stress mainly comprises a neutron diffraction method, a synchrotron radiation method, a magnetic powder method, an X-ray diffraction method and an ultrasonic testing method. The ultrasonic method is the fastest developed nondestructive testing method for residual stress in recent years, and has the advantages of high testing speed, no radiation, light equipment, low cost and the like.
The ultrasonic method for measuring residual stress belongs to indirect measurement, and the critical refraction wave (LCR wave) wave speed in ultrasonic is sensitive to the change reaction of stress, and is one of the waveforms mainly applied to ultrasonic stress measurement. The main detection theory is as follows: under the same propagation distance, the propagation time t0 (zero stress propagation time t0) of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the zero stress sample and the ultrasonic propagation time t of the critical refraction longitudinal wave ultrasonic wave in the sample to be measured are measured, and the difference between the two directly reflects the residual stress value of the sample to be measured. When ultrasonic residual stress testing is performed on a welding part, not only can the wave velocity of critical refraction longitudinal waves be influenced by the residual stress in the sample to be tested along the ultrasonic propagation direction, but also a plurality of influence factors can influence the wave velocity, and the influence factors mainly comprise the residual stress perpendicular to the ultrasonic propagation direction, the microstructure in the sample to be tested (phenomena of inconsistent material grain size, material texture and the like caused in the machining process), and the coupling pressure of an ultrasonic probe and the surface of the sample to be tested. The influence of some influence factors on the ultrasonic wave propagation speed is even in the same order of magnitude as the influence of the welding residual stress on the ultrasonic wave propagation speed, the test precision of the ultrasonic wave residual stress test method is seriously influenced, and the development of the ultrasonic wave residual stress test method is limited. Moreover, the difference of the material structure can also cause the difference of the first critical angles of the excited critical refraction longitudinal waves, and the detection of the residual stress of different areas of the weldment to be detected by using the first critical angles calculated based on the base material in the prior art inevitably has larger measurement errors.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an ultrasonic residual stress detection system and a measurement method, the ultrasonic residual stress detection system and the ultrasonic residual stress detection method can be used for carrying out acoustic anisotropy detection and attenuation degree test on a weldment to be detected, and can realize the detection of residual stresses in different directions in the same measurement area, so that a two-dimensional plane stress field of the test area is obtained, the influence of a material organization effect can be reduced, and the measurement precision of an ultrasonic detection method is greatly improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ultrasonic residual stress detection system, including a residual stress detection unit, an acoustic anisotropy detection unit, and an attenuation degree test unit; the residual stress detection unit comprises a transmitting probe and a receiving probe;
the longitudinal wave level probe of the attenuation degree testing unit; the acoustic anisotropy detection unit comprises a transverse wave probe; the transmitting probe, the receiving probe, the longitudinal wave flat probe and the transverse wave probe are electrically connected with the multi-channel ultrasonic card and the data processing center; the data processing center includes:
the database module comprises a relational database of grain size U and longitudinal wave signal attenuation degree M of the material and zero stress propagation time t0A composite relation database with the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta, a composite relation database with the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta, and a composite relation database with the first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta;
the orientation azimuth angle determining module determines the sound main axis direction of the weldment to be detected and the orientation azimuth angle of ultrasonic residual stress detection according to the detection result of the sound anisotropy detection unit;
the longitudinal wave attenuation degree calculation module calls a relational database of the grain size U and the longitudinal wave signal attenuation degree M in the database module according to the test result of the attenuation degree test unit to calculate the grain size of the test area of the weldment to be tested;
a residual stress calculation module; the grain size and orientation azimuth determined by the orientation azimuth determining module are obtained by the longitudinal wave attenuation calculating module, a composite relation database of a first critical angle alpha, a grain size U and an orientation azimuth theta is called to determine the first critical angle, and the first critical angle is transmitted to a residual stress detecting unit to adjust the angle of an ultrasonic probe so as to detect the residual stress; then, according to the detection result of the residual stress detection unit, the zero stress propagation time t is called0Determining the zero stress propagation time and the acoustic elastic coefficient of a tested area of the weldment to be tested and calculating the residual stress value of the tested area by using a composite relation database of the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta and a composite relation database of the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the residual stress detection unit includes a central positioning table, parallel guide rail frames are respectively fixed on two opposite side surfaces of the central positioning table, each pair of parallel guide rail frames is slidably connected to a probe fixing device, and two probe fixing devices are provided with an ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the central positioning table includes a base and a lifting and rotating device located at an upper portion of the base and in a shape of a cylinder, and the parallel guide rail frames are installed on opposite outer side walls of the lifting and rotating device; and suckers are symmetrically distributed on the edge of the bottom surface of the base of the central positioning table.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where a positioning disc with angle scales is arranged at an edge of a top end of a housing of the lifting and rotating device; the edge of the upper surface of the base is provided with a positioning pointer, the positioning pointer is positioned outside the lifting rotating device and points to the lifting rotating device, and the positioning pointer is matched with angle scales arranged on the edge of the positioning disc to determine the rotating angle of the shell of the lifting rotating device relative to the base.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the probe fixing device includes a coupling pressure adjustment unit and an acoustic beam angle adjustment unit; the coupling pressure adjusting part is fixed on the sound beam angle adjusting part.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the coupling pressure adjustment portion includes an external box, and an upper moving plate, a fixed plate, and a lower moving plate are horizontally arranged in the box from top to bottom in sequence; at least two springs penetrating through the fixed plate are fixedly connected between the lower moving plate and the lower moving plate; a support rod for supporting the spring is arranged in each spring, and the lower end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the lower movable plate; the upper end of the supporting rod penetrates through the upper moving plate to be a free end.
In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and a pressure sensor is installed between at least one of the springs and the lower surface of the upper moving plate.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where a through hole through which a force adjusting screw passes is formed in the middle of the upper moving plate, and a threaded through hole, which vertically corresponds to the through hole and is used for fixing the lower end of the force adjusting screw, is formed in the fixing plate; the screw head at the upper end of the force adjusting screw tightly presses the upper moving plate, and the lower end of the force adjusting screw is screwed into the threaded through hole in the fixed plate.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the sound beam angle adjusting unit includes a base, the upper portion of the base is a U-shaped groove rail with a convex arc guide surface, and a coupling monitor composed of a pressure sensor and a resistance sensor is disposed at the bottom of the base; the output end of the coupling monitor is connected with the data processing center; the probe fixing wedge block is connected with the side wall of the U-shaped groove rail in a sliding mode, the concave arc surface of the probe fixing wedge block is matched with the convex arc guide rail surface of the U-shaped groove rail, and a probe mounting cavity is formed in the upper portion of the probe fixing wedge block and used for mounting an ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection.
In combination with the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, and the sound beam angle adjusting portion is fixedly connected to the middle portion of the lower surface of the lower moving plate of the coupling pressure adjusting portion through a glass base clamp.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the acoustic anisotropy detection unit includes a transverse wave probe, the transverse wave probe is disposed on a surface of a parent material region of a weldment to be detected, the surface being far away from a weld joint, and the multichannel ultrasonic card is used to excite the transverse wave probe to perform acoustic anisotropy detection on the parent material region.
With reference to the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides another possible implementation manner of the first aspect, where the attenuation testing unit includes a longitudinal wave flat probe, the longitudinal wave flat probe is disposed on a surface of a testing area of a weldment to be tested, and the multi-channel ultrasonic card is used to excite the longitudinal wave flat probe to perform an attenuation test on the testing area of the weldment to be tested.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a detection method of an ultrasonic residual stress detection system, including the following steps:
s1, performing acoustic anisotropy detection on the base material region, far away from the welding seam, of the weldment to be detected through an acoustic anisotropy detection unit;
s2, performing longitudinal wave attenuation test on the test area of the weldment to be tested through the attenuation test unit;
s3, placing a central positioning table of the residual stress detection unit on the surface of a weldment test area to be tested;
s4, recording the ultrasonic wave propagation direction as direction one and recording the angle between the ultrasonic wave propagation direction and the sound main axis direction obtained in the step S1 as a first orientation azimuth angle thetax(ii) a The residual stress detection module of the data processing center calculates a grain size calculation value U of the test area by calling a relational database of grain size U and longitudinal wave signal attenuation M in the database modulec(ii) a Invoking the zero stress propagation time t0Calculating a test area theta by a composite relation database of the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle thetaxZero stress propagation time t of directionx0B, carrying out the following steps of; calling a composite relational database of the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta to calculate a test area thetaxAcoustic elastic coefficient of direction kx(ii) a Calling a composite relation database alpha of the first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta to calculate a test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionx(ii) a Then calculating the obtained test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionxTo the residual stress detection unit;
s5, firstly, the ultrasonic probe for detecting the residual stress is arranged in the probe mounting cavity of the probe fixing wedge block, and the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave is adjusted to the test area theta obtained in the step S4xFirst critical angle alpha of directionx(ii) a Then adjusting the position of the probe fixing device, detecting the residual stress of the test area of the weldment to be tested, and collecting the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the test area thetaxPropagation time t of directionxAnd calculating a test area thetaxAcoustic time difference of direction Δ tx，Δtx＝tx0-tx(ii) a The critical refraction longitudinal wave is in a test area thetaxThe propagation distance in the direction is L;
s6, adjusting the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave to the direction perpendicular to the first direction in the step S4, recording the direction as a second direction, and recording the angle between the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave and the main axis direction of the sound obtained in the step S1 as a second orientation azimuth angle thetay；
S7, repeating the step S4 to obtain a test area thetayZero stress propagation time t of directiony0Coefficient of acoustic elasticity kyAnd a first critical angle alphay(ii) a Adjusting the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the test area thetayFirst critical angle alpha of directionyDetecting residual stress in the test area of the weldment to be tested, and collecting the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the test area thetayPropagation time t of directionyAnd calculating a test area thetayAcoustic time difference of direction Δ ty，Δty＝ty0-ty(ii) a The critical refraction longitudinal wave is in a test area thetayThe propagation distance in the direction is L;
s8, calculating the test area theta of the weldment to be tested according to a formulaxDirectional residual stress sigmaxAnd a test area thetayDirectional residual stress sigmay：
And S9, adjusting the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave, and detecting the residual stress of the weldment to be tested in other directions according to the operation of the steps S4-S8, thereby obtaining a two-dimensional stress field of the weldment to be tested in the test area.
Compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic residual stress detection system has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method can be used for detecting the acoustic anisotropy and the attenuation degree of the weldment to be detected, and determining the material texture in the ultrasonic wave propagation direction and the grain size of a test area during the ultrasonic wave residual stress detection, thereby correcting the coefficient in the acoustic elastic formula, reducing the influence of the material grain size and the texture effect, and greatly reducing the error of the ultrasonic wave residual stress detection.
2. The distance between the ultrasonic receiving and transmitting probes can be adjusted by adjusting the positions of the probe fixing devices on the parallel guide rail frame, the test area is adjusted and accurately determined, and the flexibility is high; the residual stress in different areas can be tested according to the state of the workpiece and the production requirement, and the requirements of customers and production are met; the angle (ultrasonic testing's sound beam angle) between the fixed voussoir of accessible regulating probe on U type groove rail position regulation ultrasonic transducer and the workpiece surface that awaits measuring realizes that the adjustment of the first critical angle of different directions of different regions is revised when ultrasonic wave residual stress detects, improves and detects the precision, can carry out the residual stress test of different kinds of work piece material moreover, reduces the manufacturing cost and the processing cycle of check out test set, improves work efficiency.
2. The coupling pressure adjusting part of the probe fixing device is simple and convenient to operate, the coupling pressure can be accurately controlled by adjusting the height of the central positioning table lifting and rotating device and the position of the lower moving plate, the measurement error caused by coupling pressure fluctuation in the test process is effectively avoided, the coupling state of the ultrasonic probe and the test surface in the residual stress test can be ensured to be the same as the coupling state used in the calibration process, the influence of the coupling state on the stress measurement of an ultrasonic system is reduced, and the measurement precision of an ultrasonic detection method is further improved;
3. the rotary lifting device can conveniently realize the detection of residual stress in different directions in the same measuring area, overcome the defect that the acoustic elastic effect of stress in the same direction as the ultrasonic wave propagation direction is only considered to measure the biaxial stress field, and realize the accurate measurement of the two-dimensional plane stress field on the surface of the measuring area.
In a word, the ultrasonic residual stress detection system can carry out acoustic anisotropy detection and attenuation degree test on the weldment to be detected, can realize the detection of the residual stress in different directions in the same measurement area, and further obtains a two-dimensional plane stress field of the measurement area.
In addition, the method can adjust the position of the probe fixing wedge block on the U-shaped groove rail, realize the adjustment and correction of the first critical angle when the residual stress test is carried out on the welding of different areas of the weldment to be tested, and improve the detection precision; the method can eliminate the grain size, the material tissue anisotropy, the coupling pressure to the acoustic elastic coefficient k and the zero stress propagation time t0The influence of the ultrasonic wave on the residual stress of the welding joint is obviously improved; when the method is used for detecting the residual stress along the ultrasonic wave propagation direction, the influence of the residual stress perpendicular to the ultrasonic wave propagation direction is considered, the test precision of the ultrasonic wave on the residual stress of the welding joint is improved, and the two-dimensional plane stress field of the test area of the weldment to be tested can be comprehensively measured.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the overall architecture of an ultrasonic residual stress detection system according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of a residual stress detection unit according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a residual stress detection unit according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic diagram of a right-view structure of a residual stress detection unit according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of a left probe fixture according to one or more embodiments of the present invention in elevation;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic partial cross-sectional elevational view of a coupling pressure adjustment portion of a probe fixture according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of an elevating and rotating mechanism according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
in the figure: the spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.
100 residual stress detection units, 200 acoustic anisotropy detection units, 300 attenuation degree test units, 400 multi-channel ultrasonic cards and 500 data processing centers;
110 central positioning table, 120 parallel guide rail frame and 130 probe fixing device;
111 base, 112 lifting and rotating device, 113 sucker, 114 positioning plate, 115 positioning pointer;
112a lifting motor, 112b ball screw, 112c nut pair, 112d mounting bottom plate, 112e rotating motor and 112f rotating shaft;
a 121 horizontal through groove and a 122 translation driving motor;
131 is coupled with a pressure adjusting part, a box body 131a, a fixed plate 131b, an upper moving plate 131c, a lower moving plate 131d, a spring 131e, a pressure sensor 131f, a supporting rod 131h, a force adjusting screw 131g and a sliding rod 131 k;
132 sound beam angle adjusting part, 132a glass base, 132b U groove rail, 132c probe fixing wedge block; 132d locking screw, 132e arc through groove;
133 glass base clamp, 133a base, 133b jaw;
510 a database module, 520 an orientation azimuth angle determination module, 530 a longitudinal wave attenuation degree calculation module and 540 a residual stress calculation module.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with the directions of up, down, left and right of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
The terms "mounted", "connected", "fixed", and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As described in the background art, the error ratio of the residual stress measured by using ultrasonic waves in the prior art is large, and in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a system and a method capable of improving the ultrasonic detection precision.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment discloses an ultrasonic residual stress detection system, which includes a residual stress detection unit 100, an acoustic anisotropy detection unit 200, and an attenuation degree test unit 300;
the acoustic anisotropy detection unit 200 includes a transverse wave probe that can perform acoustic anisotropy detection;
the attenuation degree test unit 300 includes a longitudinal wave flat probe capable of performing an attenuation degree test;
the residual stress detection unit 100 includes a transmitting probe and a receiving probe that can perform residual stress detection;
the transmitting probe and the receiving probe for detecting residual stress in the residual stress detecting unit 100, the longitudinal wave flat probe of the attenuation degree testing unit 300 and the transverse wave probe of the acoustic anisotropy detecting unit 200 are all electrically connected with the multi-channel ultrasonic card 400 and the data processing center 500, and the data processing center 500 comprises a database module 510, an orientation azimuth angle determining module 520, a longitudinal wave attenuation degree calculating module 530 and a residual stress calculating module 540. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system can be used for carrying out acoustic anisotropy detection and attenuation degree test on the weldment to be detected, and can realize the detection of residual stress in different directions in the same measurement area, so that a two-dimensional plane stress field of the test area is obtained, the system can reduce the influence of material organization effect, and the measurement precision of an ultrasonic detection method is greatly improved. Specifically, the method can be used for carrying out acoustic anisotropy detection and attenuation degree test on the weldment to be detected, and determining the material texture in the ultrasonic wave propagation direction and the grain size of a test area during ultrasonic residual stress detection, so that the coefficient in an acoustic elastic formula is corrected, the influence of the material grain size and the texture effect is reduced, and the error of ultrasonic low residual stress detection is greatly reduced.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the residual stress detection unit 100 has the following specific structure: comprises a central positioning table 110, a pair of parallel guide rail brackets 120 are respectively fixed on the opposite side surfaces of the central positioning table 110, and the parallel guide rail brackets at two opposite positions on different sides are positioned on the same straight line; each pair of parallel guide rail brackets 120 is slidably connected with a probe fixing device 130, that is, the probe fixing device 130 comprises two probe fixing devices 130, an ultrasonic probe for detecting residual stress is mounted on each probe fixing device 130, and each ultrasonic probe comprises a transmitting probe and a receiving probe; a transmitting probe is mounted on one of the probe holders 130 and a receiving probe is mounted on the other probe holder 130.
The central positioning table 110 comprises a base 111 and a cylindrical lifting and rotating device 112 positioned on the upper part of the base 111, and the parallel guide rail bracket 120 is arranged on the opposite outer side wall of the lifting and rotating device 112; the edge of the bottom surface of the base 111 of the central positioning table 110 is symmetrically distributed with high-strength suckers 113.
Further, in this embodiment, the lifting/lowering/rotating device 112 includes a hollow cylindrical housing, a lifting mechanism for adjusting the height of the housing of the lifting/lowering/rotating device 112, and a rotating mechanism for adjusting the rotation angle of the housing of the lifting/lowering/rotating device 112 relative to the base 111; the lifting mechanism can be a cylinder, a motor lead screw lifting mechanism and the like; the rotating mechanism can be a motor driving mechanism or a rotating mechanism consisting of a motor and a transmission mechanism. Fig. 7 of this embodiment shows a schematic internal structural diagram of the lifting and rotating mechanism employed in this embodiment (this figure is only a schematic structural diagram, and is used to assist understanding of the technical solution). Fig. 7 shows that the lifting mechanism of the lifting and lowering rotary device 112 in this example includes a lifting motor 112a mounted on the upper surface of the base 111, a ball screw 112b with a top end of the lifting motor 112a in a vertical axial direction, and a nut pair 112c engaged with the ball screw 112 b; the rotating mechanism of the lifting rotating device 112 comprises a mounting bottom plate 112d fixedly connected with the nut pair 112c, a rotating motor 112e mounted on the mounting bottom plate 112d, and a rotating shaft 112f driven to rotate by the rotating motor 112 e; the top end of the rotating shaft 112f is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the housing of the lifting and rotating device 112, and can drive the housing of the lifting and rotating device 112 to rotate.
Further, the top end of the housing of the lifting and rotating device 112 is a positioning plate 114 with an angle scale arranged on the edge; the edge of the upper surface of the base 111 is provided with a positioning pointer 115, the positioning pointer 115 is located outside the lifting and rotating device 112 and points to the lifting and rotating device 112, and the positioning pointer 115 cooperates with the angle scale arranged on the edge of the positioning disk 114 to determine the rotation angle of the housing of the lifting and rotating device 112 relative to the base 111.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the left probe fixing device in the present embodiment in front view, and the left and right probe fixing devices have the same structure and are symmetrical to each other, so that the drawings of the right probe fixing device are omitted in the present embodiment, and the left probe fixing device is taken as an example for description: the probe fixture 130 in fig. 5 includes an upper coupling pressure adjustment part 131 and a lower acoustic beam angle adjustment part 132;
fig. 6 is an enlarged schematic front view, partially in section, of a coupling pressure adjustment portion of the probe fixing device according to the embodiment, and fig. 6 shows that the specific structure of the coupling pressure adjustment portion 131 is: the device comprises an external box body 131a, a fixed plate 131b horizontally fixed in the middle of the box body 131a, an upper moving plate 131c positioned above the fixed plate 131b and a lower moving plate 131d positioned below the fixed plate 131 b; the upper surface of the lower moving plate 131d is fixedly connected with at least two symmetrically distributed springs 131 e; the spring 131e penetrates through the through hole of the fixed plate 131b and is fixedly connected with the lower surface of the upper moving plate 131c, a support rod 131h for supporting the spring 131e is arranged inside the spring 131e, and the lower end of the support rod 131h is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the lower moving plate 131 d; the upper end of the supporting rod 131h is a free end, and a supporting rod through hole for the supporting rod 131h to pass through is formed in the upper moving plate 131 c; a pressure sensor 131f is installed between the at least one spring 131e and the lower surface of the upper moving plate 131 c; the middle part of the upper moving plate 131c is provided with a force adjusting screw through hole for a force adjusting screw 131g to pass through, and the fixed plate 131b is provided with a threaded through hole which is vertically corresponding to the force adjusting screw through hole and is used for fixing the lower end of the force adjusting screw 131 g; the upper end of the force adjusting screw 131g is screwed with the screw head of the upper moving plate 131c, and the lower end is screwed into the threaded through hole of the fixing plate 131 b.
As shown in fig. 5, the specific structure of the sound beam angle adjusting unit 132 is: the device comprises a glass base 132a, wherein the upper part of the glass base 132a is a U-shaped groove rail 132b with a convex arc guide rail surface, and the bottom of the glass base 132a is provided with a coupling monitor consisting of a pressure sensor and a resistance sensor; the output end of the coupling monitor is connected with the data processing center 500; the probe fixing wedge block 132c is connected with the side wall of the U-shaped groove rail 132b in a sliding mode, the concave arc surface of the probe fixing wedge block 132c is matched with the convex arc guide rail surface of the U-shaped groove rail 132b, and the upper portion of the probe fixing wedge block 132c is provided with a probe mounting cavity for mounting an ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection;
the concrete mode of the fixed wedge block 132c of the said probe and sidewall sliding connection of the U-shaped groove rail 132b is: two side walls of the U-shaped groove rail 132b are respectively provided with an arc-shaped through groove 132e which is used for a locking screw 132d to penetrate through and is parallel to the convex arc-shaped guide rail surface, and the side surface of the probe fixing wedge block 132c opposite to the side wall of the U-shaped groove rail 132b is provided with a threaded blind hole matched with the locking screw 132 d; the sliding connection is achieved by a locking screw 132d passing through an arcuate channel 132e in the side wall of the U-shaped channel rail 132b, and the head of the screw may be positioned against the side wall of the U-shaped channel rail 132b by tightening the locking screw 132 d.
The acoustic beam angle adjusting part 132 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the lower surface of the lower moving plate 131d of the coupling pressure adjusting part 131 through a glass base clamp 133, and the concrete connection mode is as follows: the glass base clamp 133 comprises a base 133a mounted on the lower surface of the lower moving plate 131d of the coupling pressure adjusting part 131 and at least two clamping jaws 133b mounted on the base 133a and symmetrically distributed, wherein a threaded through hole is formed at the tail end of each clamping jaw 133b, a threaded blind hole is formed in the side wall of the glass base 132a, and the threaded through hole at the tail end of each clamping jaw 133b corresponds to the threaded blind hole in the side wall of the glass base 132a in position; the glass base clamp 133 clamps the glass base 132a by screwing fastening screws into the threaded through holes at the tail end of the clamping jaw 133b and the threaded blind holes on the side wall of the glass base 132a in sequence, so that the sound beam angle adjusting part 132 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the lower surface of the lower moving plate 131d of the coupling pressure adjusting part 131;
the specific way of sliding connection between the parallel guide rail bracket 120 and the probe fixing device 130 in this embodiment is as follows: each parallel guide rail frame 120 is composed of two guide rails, the probe fixing device 130 is located between the two guide rails of the parallel guide rail frame 120, horizontal through grooves 121 are formed in the side walls of the two guide rails, and scales are arranged at the edges of the horizontal through grooves 121 (the scales arranged at the edges of the horizontal through grooves 121 are not shown in fig. 2 and 3); two sliding rods 131k in sliding fit with the two horizontal through grooves 121 are arranged on a box body 131a of the coupling pressure adjustment part 131 of the probe fixing device 130, the tail ends of the sliding rods 131k are connected with a translation driving motor 122 capable of controlling the sliding rods 131k to slide along the horizontal through grooves 121, and the control end of the translation driving motor 122 is connected with the data processing center 500.
The multi-channel ultrasound card in this implementation includes:
the transverse wave probe excitation module is connected with the transverse wave probe and is used for exciting the transverse wave probe to perform acoustic anisotropy detection on the parent material region;
the longitudinal wave flat probe excitation module is connected with the longitudinal wave flat probe and is used for exciting the longitudinal wave flat probe to carry out attenuation degree test on a test area of a weldment to be tested so as to emit an ultrasonic longitudinal wave signal;
the database module 510 in this embodiment includes a relational database U ═ f (M) between the grain size U of the material and the attenuation degree M of the longitudinal wave signal, and zero stress propagation time t0A composite relational database with grain size U and orientation azimuth theta, t0And the composite relation database of k ═ ω (U, θ), and the composite relation database of the first critical angle α, the grain size U, and the orientation azimuth angle θ ═ Φ (U, θ).
Zero stress propagation time t in database module 510 in this embodiment0The method for establishing the composite relation database with the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta, the composite relation database with the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta and the composite relation database with the first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta comprises the following steps:
a. preparing N groups of grain size samples by a heat treatment method, calculating the grain size of the N groups of grain size samples by metallographic treatment, microscopy or electron back scattering diffraction, and recording as Un，n＝1，2……n-1，n；
b. Performing acoustic anisotropy detection on each grain size sample, determining the acoustic main axis direction of each grain size sample through the change of the ultrasonic transverse wave velocity in different polarization directions, and calibrating, wherein the surface of each grain size sample and the acoustic main axis direction form thetamThe direction of the angle is orientation azimuth angle thetamIn the direction of (1), wherein thetam＝10m°，m＝0、1、2、…36；
c. Carrying out zero stress propagation time calibration on the sound main shaft direction and each orientation azimuth angle direction of the grain size sample; in the calibration process, firstly, the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave is adjusted, and the grain size is determined to be U according to the ultrasonic wave waveform signal received by the receiving probenHas an orientation azimuth angle theta of a grain size samplemFirst critical angle of time alphamnObtaining grain size U by zero stress propagation time calibrationnGrain size sample takingAzimuth angle thetamZero stress propagation time with propagation distance L
Obtaining a large amount of data by calibrating the zero stress propagation time of the sound main shaft direction and each orientation azimuth angle direction of each grain size sample, thereby establishing a composite relation database alpha (phi (U, theta)) of a first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta, and the zero stress propagation time t0A composite relational database with grain size U and orientation azimuth theta, t0＝ψ(U，θ)；
d. Carrying out acoustic elastic coefficient stretching calibration on the acoustic main axis direction and each orientation azimuth angle direction of the grain size measurement sample to obtain the grain size of UnHas an orientation azimuth angle theta of a grain size samplemCoefficient of time of acoustic elasticity kmnAnd performing acoustic elastic coefficient stretching calibration on the acoustic main axis direction and each orientation azimuth angle direction of each grain size sample to obtain a large amount of data, so as to establish a composite relation database of the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta, wherein k is omega (U, theta).
The orientation azimuth angle determining module 520 in this embodiment determines the sound principal axis direction of the weldment to be tested and the orientation azimuth angle of the ultrasonic residual stress detection according to the detection result of the acoustic anisotropy detecting unit 200;
in this embodiment, the longitudinal wave attenuation calculation module 530 invokes the relationship database U ═ f (M) between the grain size U and the longitudinal wave signal attenuation M in the database module according to the test result of the attenuation test unit 300, and calculates the grain size of the test area of the weldment to be tested;
in this embodiment, the residual stress calculation module 540 determines the first critical angle by calling the composite relationship database α of the first critical angle α, the grain size U, and the orientation azimuth angle θ, to Φ (U, θ), through the grain size obtained by the longitudinal wave attenuation calculation module 530 and the orientation azimuth angle determined by the orientation azimuth angle determination module 520, and transmits the first critical angle to the residual stress detection unit 100 to adjust the angle of the ultrasonic probe, so as to perform residual stress detection; and then according to the detection of the residual stress detecting unit 100As a result, the zero stress propagation time t is called0A composite relational database with grain size U and orientation azimuth theta, t0And determining the zero stress propagation time and the acoustic elastic coefficient of the tested weldment area to be tested, and calculating the residual stress value of the tested area.
Further, based on the above system, the present embodiment further provides a method for performing ultrasonic residual stress by using the above ultrasonic residual stress detection system, which includes the following steps:
s1, performing acoustic anisotropy detection on the base material region, far away from the welding seam, on the weldment to be detected through the acoustic anisotropy detection unit 200;
the specific operation of the step is as follows: placing a transverse wave probe on the surface of a parent metal region far away from a welding seam on a weldment to be detected, exciting the transverse wave probe to detect the acoustic anisotropy of the parent metal region through a multi-channel ultrasonic card 400, and determining the acoustic main shaft direction of the weldment to be detected and calibrating the acoustic main shaft direction on the parent metal by an orientation azimuth angle determining module 520 of a data processing center 500 according to the change of the ultrasonic transverse wave speed in different polarization directions;
s2, performing a longitudinal wave attenuation test on the test area of the weldment to be tested through the attenuation test unit 300;
the specific operation of the step is as follows: placing a longitudinal wave flat probe on the surface of a test area of a weldment to be tested, exciting the longitudinal wave flat probe through a multi-channel ultrasonic card 400 to test the attenuation degree of the test area of the weldment to be tested, and calculating the longitudinal wave attenuation degree value of the test area by a longitudinal wave attenuation degree calculation module 530 of a data processing center 500 according to an ultrasonic longitudinal wave signal transmitted by the longitudinal wave flat probe and a received longitudinal wave echo signal, wherein the longitudinal wave attenuation degree value is marked as Mc;
s3, placing the central positioning table 110 of the residual stress detection unit 100 on the surface of the test area of the weldment to be tested, adjusting the height of the shell of the lifting and rotating device 112 through the lifting mechanism of the lifting and rotating device 112, and further adjusting the heights of the parallel guide rail frame 120 and the probe fixing device 130, so that the bottom surface of the glass base 132a of the sound beam angle adjusting part 132 is not contacted with the surface of the test area; the direction of the parallel guide rail bracket 120 is the ultrasonic wave propagation direction;
s4, recording the ultrasonic wave propagation direction as a direction I, and recording the angle between the ultrasonic wave propagation direction and the sound main axis direction obtained in the step S1 as a first orientation azimuth angle theta x; the residual stress detection module 540 of the data processing center 500 calculates the grain size calculation value U of the test area by calling the relational database U ═ f (M) of the grain size U and the attenuation degree M of the longitudinal wave signal in the database module 510c，Uc＝f(Mc) (ii) a Invoking the zero stress propagation time t0A composite relational database with grain size U and orientation azimuth theta, t0Calculating zero stress propagation time t in the direction of the test area theta x (U, theta)x0，tx0ψ (Uc, θ x); calling a composite relational database of the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta, wherein k is omega (U, theta), and calculating the test area thetaxAcoustic elastic coefficient of direction kx，kxω (Uc, θ x); calling a composite relational database alpha of the first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta to phi (U, theta), and calculating a test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionx，αx＝Φ(Uc，θx) (ii) a Then calculating the obtained test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionxTo the residual stress detection unit 100;
s5, first, the ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection is mounted in the probe mounting cavity of the probe fixing wedge 132c, and the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave is adjusted to the test region θ obtained in the step S4 by adjusting the position of the probe fixing wedge 132c of the acoustic beam angle adjuster 132 on the U-shaped groove rail 132bxFirst critical angle alpha of directionx(ii) a Then adjusting the position of the probe fixing device 130 on the parallel guide rail bracket 120, detecting the residual stress of the test area of the weldment to be tested, and collecting the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the test area thetaxPropagation time t of directionxAnd calculating a test area thetaxAcoustic time difference of direction Δ tx，Δtx＝tx0-tx(ii) a The critical refraction longitudinal wave is in a test area thetaxThe propagation distance in the direction is L;
further, the residual stress detection operation in this step includes first adjusting the height of the housing of the elevation rotation device 112 by the elevation mechanism of the elevation rotation device 112, thereby adjusting the heights of the parallel rail holder 120 and the probe fixing device 130, so that the bottom surface of the glass base 132a of the acoustic beam angle adjusting part 132 contacts the surface of the test area, then adjusting the coupling pressure of the ultrasonic residual stress detection by the coupling pressure adjusting part 131 until the coupling pressure is consistent with the coupling pressure used when calibrating the zero stress propagation time and the acoustic elastic coefficient, and then performing the ultrasonic residual stress detection;
s6, adjusting the height of the housing of the elevation and subsidence rotation device 112 by the elevation mechanism of the elevation and subsidence rotation device 112, thereby adjusting the height of the parallel guide rail bracket 120 and the probe fixing device 130, so that the bottom surface of the glass base 132a of the sound beam angle adjusting part 132 does not contact the surface of the test area; then, the rotation angle of the housing of the lifting and rotating device 112 relative to the base 111 is adjusted by the rotation mechanism of the lifting and rotating device 112, so that the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave is adjusted to the direction perpendicular to the first direction in step S4, which is recorded as direction two, and the angle between the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave and the sound main axis direction obtained in step S1 is recorded as a second orientation azimuth angle θ y;
s7, repeating the step S4 to obtain zero stress propagation time ty0, the acoustic elastic coefficient ky and a first critical angle alpha y in the theta y direction of the test area; firstly, adjusting the position of a probe fixing wedge 132c of an acoustic beam angle adjusting part 132 on a U-shaped groove rail 132b, adjusting an ultrasonic incident angle to a first critical angle alpha y in the theta y direction of a test area, carrying out residual stress detection on the test area of a weldment to be tested, collecting the propagation time ty of critical refraction longitudinal waves in the theta y direction of the test area, and calculating the acoustic time difference delta ty in the theta y direction of the test area, wherein the delta ty is ty 0-ty; the propagation distance of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the theta y direction of the test area is L; further, the residual stress detection operation in this step includes first adjusting the height of the housing of the elevation rotation device 112 by the elevation mechanism of the elevation rotation device 112, thereby adjusting the heights of the parallel rail holder 120 and the probe fixing device 130, so that the bottom surface of the glass base 132a of the acoustic beam angle adjusting part 132 contacts the surface of the test area, then adjusting the coupling pressure of the ultrasonic residual stress detection by the coupling pressure adjusting part 131 until the coupling pressure is consistent with the coupling pressure used when calibrating the zero stress propagation time and the acoustic elastic coefficient, and then performing the ultrasonic residual stress detection.
S8, calculating the test area theta of the weldment to be tested according to the following formulaxDirectional residual stress sigmaxAnd a test area thetayDirectional residual stress sigmay：
S9, adjusting the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave, and detecting the residual stress of the weldment to be tested in other directions according to the operation of the steps S4-S8, so as to obtain a two-dimensional stress field of the weldment to be tested in the test area; the specific operation of adjusting the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave is as follows: the height of the shell of the lifting and rotating device 112 is adjusted through the lifting mechanism of the lifting and rotating device 112, so that the heights of the parallel guide rail bracket 120 and the probe fixing device 130 are adjusted, and the bottom surface of the glass base 132a of the sound beam angle adjusting part 132 is not contacted with the surface of the test area; then, the rotation angle of the housing of the elevation rotation device 112 relative to the base 111 is adjusted by the rotation mechanism of the elevation rotation device 112, so as to adjust the direction of the parallel guide rail bracket 120, wherein the direction of the parallel guide rail bracket 120 is the ultrasonic wave propagation direction.
In step S5 in this example, the position of the probe fixing device 130 on the parallel guide rail bracket 120 is adjusted first, the residual stress detection is performed on the test area of the weldment to be tested, and the critical refracted longitudinal wave is collected in the test area θxPropagation time t of directionxThe specific method comprises the following steps: fixing the position of the probe fixing device 130 on one side on the parallel guide rail frame 120, adjusting the position of the probe fixing device 130 on the other side on the parallel guide rail frame 120, and performing two times of residual stress detection, wherein a propagation distance difference region of critical refraction longitudinal waves of the two times of residual stress detection is a test region of a weldment to be tested, and a sound path difference of critical refraction longitudinal waves of the two times of residual stress detection is a sound path difference of the critical refraction longitudinal waves in the test region thetaxIn a direction ofPropagation time tx。
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. An ultrasonic residual stress detection system comprises a residual stress detection unit, an attenuation degree test unit, a multi-channel ultrasonic card and a data processing center; the method is characterized in that:
the device also comprises an acoustic anisotropy detection unit; the acoustic anisotropy detection unit is used for carrying out acoustic anisotropy detection on a base material region, far away from a welding line, of a weldment to be detected;
the multi-channel ultrasonic card is connected with the residual stress detection unit, the acoustic anisotropy detection unit and the attenuation degree test unit and is used for exciting the probes of all the units;
the data processing center comprises a database module, an orientation azimuth angle determining module, a longitudinal wave attenuation calculating module and a residual stress calculating module; the orientation azimuth angle determining module determines the sound main axis direction of the weldment to be detected and the orientation azimuth angle of ultrasonic residual stress detection according to the detection result of the sound anisotropy detection unit; the longitudinal wave attenuation calculation module calls a relational database of the grain size U and the longitudinal wave signal attenuation M in the database module according to the test result of the attenuation test unit to calculate the grain size of the test area of the weldment to be tested; the residual stress calculation module calculates the residual stress value of the test area by calling the related modules in the database;
the detection method of the ultrasonic residual stress detection system comprises the following specific steps:
s1, performing acoustic anisotropy detection on the base material region, far away from the welding seam, of the weldment to be detected through an acoustic anisotropy detection unit;
s2, performing longitudinal wave attenuation test on the test area of the weldment to be tested through the attenuation test unit;
s3, placing the residual stress detection unit on the surface of the test area of the weldment to be tested, and determining the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave;
s4, recording the ultrasonic wave propagation direction as direction one and recording the angle between the ultrasonic wave propagation direction and the sound main axis direction obtained in the step S1 as a first orientation azimuth angle thetax(ii) a Calling a module of the data center through the residual stress detection module to obtain a test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionxTo the residual stress detection unit; test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionxThe method of (1):
the residual stress detection module calculates a grain size calculation value U of a test area by calling a relational database of grain size U and longitudinal wave signal attenuation M in the database modulec(ii) a Invoking the zero stress propagation time t0Calculating a test area theta by a composite relation database of the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle thetaxZero stress propagation time t of directionx0(ii) a Calling a composite relational database of the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta to calculate a test area thetaxAcoustic elastic coefficient of direction kx(ii) a Calling a composite relation database alpha of the first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth angle theta to calculate a test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionx(ii) a Then calculating the obtained test area thetaxFirst critical angle alpha of directionxTo the residual stress detection unit;
s5, mounting the ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection in the probe mounting cavity of the probe fixing wedge block, and adjusting the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the test area theta obtained in the step S4xFirst critical angle alpha of directionx(ii) a Then adjusting the position of the probe fixing device, detecting the residual stress of the test area of the weldment to be tested, and collecting the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the test area thetaxPropagation time t of directionxAnd calculating a test area thetaxAcoustic time difference of direction Δ tx＝tx0-tx(ii) a The critical refraction longitudinal wave is in a test area thetaxThe propagation distance in the direction is L;
s6, adjusting the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave to the direction perpendicular to the first direction in the step S4, recording the direction as a second direction, and recording the angle between the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave and the main axis direction of the sound obtained in the step S1 as a second orientation azimuth angle thetay；
S7, repeating the step S4 to obtain a test area thetayZero stress propagation time t of directiony0Coefficient of acoustic elasticity kyAnd a first critical angle alphay(ii) a Adjusting the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the test area thetayFirst critical angle alpha of directionyDetecting residual stress in the test area of the weldment to be tested, and collecting the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the test area thetayPropagation time t of directionyAnd calculating a test area thetayAcoustic time differences in direction; the critical refraction longitudinal wave is in a test area thetayThe propagation distance in the direction is L;
s7, repeating the step S4 to obtain a test area thetayZero stress propagation time t of directiony0Coefficient of acoustic elasticity kyAnd a first critical angle alphay(ii) a Adjusting the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave to the test area thetayFirst critical angle alpha of directionyDetecting residual stress in the test area of the weldment to be tested, and collecting the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the test area thetayPropagation time t of directionyAnd calculating a test area thetayAcoustic time difference of direction Δ ty，Δty＝ty0-ty(ii) a The critical refraction longitudinal wave is in a test area thetayThe propagation distance in the direction is L;
s8, calculating the test area theta of the weldment to be tested according to a formulaxDirectional residual stress sigmaxAnd a test area thetayDirectional residual stress sigmay：
And S9, adjusting the propagation direction of the ultrasonic wave, and detecting the residual stress of the weldment to be tested in other directions according to the operation of the steps S4-S8, thereby obtaining a two-dimensional stress field of the weldment to be tested in the test area.
2. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 1, wherein the residual stress detection unit comprises a central positioning table, parallel guide rail frames are fixed on two opposite side surfaces of the central positioning table, each pair of parallel guide rail frames is slidably connected with a probe fixing device, and the two probe fixing devices are provided with ultrasonic probes for detecting residual stress.
3. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 2, wherein the centering stage comprises a base and a cylindrical elevating and rotating device disposed on the upper portion of the base, and the parallel rail brackets are mounted on opposite outer sidewalls of the elevating and rotating device.
4. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 3, wherein the top end of the lifting and rotating device housing is a positioning plate with angle scales arranged on the edge; the edge of the upper surface of the base is provided with a positioning pointer, the positioning pointer is positioned outside the lifting rotating device and points to the lifting rotating device, and the positioning pointer is matched with angle scales arranged on the edge of the positioning disc to determine the rotating angle of the shell of the lifting rotating device relative to the base.
5. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 2, wherein the probe fixture comprises a coupling pressure adjustment portion and a beam angle adjustment portion; the coupling pressure adjusting part is fixed on the sound beam angle adjusting part.
6. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system according to claim 5, wherein the coupling pressure adjustment portion comprises an external box body, and an upper moving plate, a fixed plate and a lower moving plate are horizontally arranged in the box body from top to bottom; at least two springs penetrating through the fixed plate are fixedly connected between the lower moving plate and the lower moving plate; a support rod for supporting the spring is arranged in each spring, and the lower end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the lower movable plate; the upper end of the supporting rod penetrates through the upper moving plate to be a free end.
7. The ultrasonic residual stress sensing system of claim 6, wherein a pressure sensor is mounted between at least one of said springs and a lower surface of the upper moving plate.
8. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 6, wherein the middle part of the upper moving plate is provided with a through hole for the force adjusting screw to pass through, and the fixed plate is provided with a threaded through hole which is vertically corresponding to the through hole and is used for fixing the lower end of the force adjusting screw; the screw head at the upper end of the force adjusting screw tightly presses the upper moving plate, and the lower end of the force adjusting screw is screwed into the threaded through hole in the fixed plate.
9. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 5, wherein the beam angle adjustment unit comprises a base, the upper portion of the base is a U-shaped groove rail having a convex arc guide surface, and a coupling monitor consisting of a pressure sensor and a resistance sensor is disposed at the bottom of the base; the output end of the coupling monitor is connected with the data processing center; the probe fixing wedge block is connected with the side wall of the U-shaped groove rail in a sliding mode, the concave arc surface of the probe fixing wedge block is matched with the convex arc guide rail surface of the U-shaped groove rail, and a probe mounting cavity is formed in the upper portion of the probe fixing wedge block and used for mounting an ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection.
10. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 9, wherein the sound beam angle adjustment unit is fixedly connected to the middle portion of the lower surface of the lower movable plate of the coupling pressure adjustment unit through a glass base fixture.
11. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 1, wherein the acoustic anisotropy detection unit comprises a transverse wave probe, the transverse wave probe is placed on the surface of the parent material region of the weldment to be detected, which is far away from the weld joint, and the transverse wave probe is excited by the multi-channel ultrasonic card to perform acoustic anisotropy detection on the parent material region.
12. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 1, wherein the attenuation test unit comprises a longitudinal wave flat probe, the longitudinal wave flat probe is disposed on the surface of the test area of the weldment to be tested, and the multi-channel ultrasonic card is used for exciting the longitudinal wave flat probe to perform the attenuation test on the test area of the weldment to be tested.
13. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 1, wherein the database module comprises a relational database of grain size U and longitudinal wave signal attenuation M of the material and zero stress propagation time t0A composite relation database with the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta, a composite relation database with the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta, and a composite relation database with the first critical angle alpha, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta.
14. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system according to claim 1, wherein the residual stress calculation module calls a composite relation database of a first critical angle α, a grain size U and an orientation azimuth θ through the grain size obtained by the longitudinal wave attenuation calculation module and the orientation azimuth determined by the orientation azimuth determination module to determine the first critical angle, and transmits the first critical angle to the residual stress detection unit to adjust the angle of the ultrasonic probe for residual stress detection; then, according to the detection result of the residual stress detection unit, the zero stress propagation time t is called0Determining the zero stress propagation time and the acoustic elastic coefficient of a tested area of the weldment to be tested and calculating the residual stress value of the tested area by using a composite relation database of the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta and a composite relation database of the acoustic elastic coefficient k, the grain size U and the orientation azimuth theta.
15. The ultrasonic residual stress detection system of claim 1, wherein the residual stress detection operation method in step S5 is as follows:
the height of the shell of the lifting and rotating device is adjusted through a lifting mechanism of the lifting and rotating device, so that the heights of the parallel guide rail frame and the probe fixing device are adjusted, the bottom surface of the glass base of the acoustic beam angle adjusting part is in contact with the surface of a testing area, the coupling pressure for ultrasonic residual stress detection is adjusted through the coupling pressure adjusting part until the coupling pressure is consistent with the coupling pressure used for calibrating zero stress propagation time and acoustic elastic coefficient, and then ultrasonic residual stress detection is carried out.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110019380.3A CN112697328B (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-07 | Ultrasonic residual stress detection system and measurement method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110019380.3A CN112697328B (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-07 | Ultrasonic residual stress detection system and measurement method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112697328A CN112697328A (en) | 2021-04-23 |
| CN112697328B true CN112697328B (en) | 2022-03-29 |
Family
ID=75515059
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110019380.3A Active CN112697328B (en) | 2021-01-07 | 2021-01-07 | Ultrasonic residual stress detection system and measurement method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112697328B (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113484339A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-10-08 | 华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司 | Large-diameter pipeline welding line detection device based on residual stress gauge and detection method thereof |
| CN114894356B (en) * | 2022-04-24 | 2023-07-07 | 南京华建检测技术有限公司 | Ultrasonic time difference method detection device for residual stress of welding seam of steel structure bridge |
| CN115389069B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-04-19 | 北京理工大学 | Plane stress detection device and detection method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20130288078A1 (en) * | 2012-04-30 | 2013-10-31 | Seagate Technology Llc | Thin Film with Reduced Stress Anisotropy |
| CN104048786B (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-03-30 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of method of ultrasound wave nondestructive measurement sheet metal internal residual stress field |
| CN105300578B (en) * | 2015-11-20 | 2017-12-08 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of adjustable acoustic beam angle and the ultrasonic wave stress mornitoring equipment of test zone |
| CN105628283B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-02-27 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test equipment |
| CN108500633B (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2023-10-27 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Weld seam surplus height processing device and weld seam processing method |
| CN111089670B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-08-03 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for rapidly detecting main residual stress of high polymer material product |
| CN110646119B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-07-24 | 西南交通大学 | Method for measuring surface stress tensor of rolled metal material by ultrasonic wave |
-
2021
- 2021-01-07 CN CN202110019380.3A patent/CN112697328B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112697328A (en) | 2021-04-23 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN112697328B (en) | Ultrasonic residual stress detection system and measurement method | |
| CN109060966B (en) | Automatic calibrating device for ultrasonic transducer | |
| KR101804484B1 (en) | Sensor device and residual stress detection system employing same | |
| CN101539542B (en) | Performance test device for water immersion focusing probe and test method thereof | |
| EP2053391B1 (en) | Apparatus and method for nondestructive inspection of parts | |
| US11709152B2 (en) | Linkage device, transceiver module and plane stress field measuring device and method capable of achieving synchronous adjustment of distance and angle | |
| KR20100045284A (en) | Calibration block (reference block) and calibration procedure for phased-array ultrasonic inspection | |
| CN112098981B (en) | Dynamic amplitude calibration device for laser displacement sensor | |
| CN110231116A (en) | A kind of composite material surface stress ultrasonic measurement method | |
| CN110118825A (en) | A kind of bolt ultrasonic detection method and device | |
| CN112033796B (en) | Testing tool and testing method for bending mechanical property of honeycomb sandwich structure | |
| CN111174894A (en) | Laser ultrasonic transverse wave sound velocity measurement method | |
| CN208902317U (en) | A kind of Axle Surface residual stress detection device | |
| US4470307A (en) | Sonic system inspection control | |
| US4991441A (en) | Positioning assembly for a transducer in a boresonic inspection system | |
| US5251487A (en) | Apparatus for acoustically coupling an ultrasonic transducer with a body | |
| KR102011293B1 (en) | Probe fixing device for ultrasonic test instrument | |
| WO2019091029A1 (en) | Phased array ultrasonic testing method for weld seam of housing welded by using aluminum alloy | |
| CN114894356A (en) | Method and device for detecting residual stress of welding seam of steel structure bridge by ultrasonic time difference method | |
| CN109187232A (en) | A kind of test method for testing glass plate elasticity modulus and modulus of shearing | |
| CN112014018A (en) | Stress field measuring method based on ultrasonic tomography | |
| CN214668789U (en) | Ultrasonic detection equipment with thickness detection function | |
| CN214503213U (en) | Device for on-line measuring rolling contact surface hardness | |
| JP2005188930A (en) | Rail flaw detection auxiliary tool | |
| CN220894220U (en) | Reference block for ultrasonic detection of austenitic stainless steel phased array |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |