CN112697212A - Secondary air measuring device based on full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology - Google Patents
Secondary air measuring device based on full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112697212A CN112697212A CN202011456149.2A CN202011456149A CN112697212A CN 112697212 A CN112697212 A CN 112697212A CN 202011456149 A CN202011456149 A CN 202011456149A CN 112697212 A CN112697212 A CN 112697212A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/05—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects
- G01F1/34—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using mechanical effects by measuring pressure or differential pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
- F23N3/005—Regulating air supply or draught using electrical or electromechanical means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a secondary air measuring device based on full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology. The secondary air measuring device consists of a full-pressure sampling tube and a full-pressure communicating tube unit, a static-pressure sampling tube and a static-pressure communicating tube unit, a differential pressure transmitter, a self-cleaning unit, an automatic purging unit, a full/static-pressure sampling tube interchange unit and a secondary air volume soft measuring unit. The anti-blocking potential of the secondary air measuring device is excavated, and the full/static pressure sampling tube is exchanged, so that the precision and the reliability of secondary air measurement are improved. The integrated self-cleaning and purging function, the rectangular/circular pipeline adopts a multi-measuring-point scheme of equal-section grids/rings, and the precision and the reliability of secondary air measurement are further improved. Purging operation, and full pressure sampling pipe blockage or generator set output → min, and full/static pressure sampling pipe interchange operation under the instruction of an operator; based on the secondary air volume soft measurement data, during the purging operation and the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation, the boiler combustion adjusts the DCS to execute undisturbed switching AGC.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of secondary air measurement of coal-fired utility boilers. In particular to a high-reliability secondary air measuring device and method integrating purging and self-dust-cleaning functions by adopting full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and air volume soft measurement technology.
Background
9/22/2020, the major commitment of China: the carbon dioxide emission strives to reach a peak value 2030 years ago, and carbon neutralization is achieved 2060 years ago. Therefore, it is a national policy to promote clean energy and renewable energy. The photovoltaic power generation depends on sunlight and the wind power generation depends on weather, so the renewable energy has the inherent characteristics of randomness and uncontrollable property. The nuclear power generation is in consideration of safety, and under the prior art, the nuclear power generation can only participate in the load regulation of a power grid in a limited way, and the regulation is not expensive and has poor real-time performance. The technology of large hydropower stations and pumped storage power stations is mature, and the nonrenewable site resources suitable for building the power stations are almost exhausted. The real-time adjustment of domestic electric power load mainly depends on the resource endowment of coal-rich, lean oil and gas-poor units and the present situation that the ratio of the coal-fired units is far greater than that of the gas-fired units, and the peak-shaving main angle of the power grid is not a coal-fired unit in a foreseeable time. The coal-fired unit participates in peak regulation of a power grid, reserves a consumption space for new energy such as wind, light, tide and the like, and needs to frequently regulate the output of the unit and the boiler. In recent years, the unit output at the load valley stage has been reduced to 30% BRC (rated maximum output); the deviation from the design working condition is so large that once the combustion regulating system is abnormal, the possibility of accidents such as flameout of the boiler and the like is increased sharply; therefore, the reliability and the precision of the combustion adjusting system, the air supply adjusting system and the air quantity measurement are improved, and the requirements of the coal-fired power plant for participating in peak shaving are met.
The air supply adjusting system is an important component of the boiler combustion automatic adjusting system, and the operation quality of the air supply adjusting system directly influences the change of the excess air coefficient of a hearth, namely the oxygen content of exhaust smoke. The air supply regulating system consists of an air volume measuring system, an air volume control logic, a signal input and output system, an air volume regulating mechanism and other departments, wherein the most basic and key department is the air volume measuring system. First, the economics of boiler combustion depend on whether the air-to-coal ratio is adequate: the air quantity is too large, and the flue gas takes away a large amount of heat to reduce the efficiency of the boiler; too small air volume can lead to incomplete combustion of fuel due to insufficient oxygen, and also lead to low boiler efficiency and environmental pollution. Secondly, the air-coal ratio is also closely related to the stability of boiler combustion. The air quantity measurement not only provides real-time and accurate air quantity data for power plant operators, knows the air-coal ratio condition of the boiler and judges the combustion state of the boiler; and the target adjusting parameter of the automatic air supply amount adjusting system. Air volume measurement plays a crucial role in the operation of power plant boilers.
The primary/secondary air pipeline of the coal-fired power plant boiler is generally short in straight pipe section and complex in air channel loop due to reasons such as infrastructure design, so that flow field distribution of the pipeline section is uneven, and partial positions even generate backflow. In addition, the coal-fired power plant boiler generally adopts a rotary three-bin air preheater, the surface of a member of a heating surface of the rotary three-bin air preheater is easy to accumulate ash, and the accumulated ash enters a secondary air duct when the air preheater operates; the environment humidity of the seaside coal-fired power plant is high, and the changes of the cold and hot states of the boiler can cause the generation of water vapor, so that the dust deposition in the sampling pipeline of the measuring device forms a block and is difficult to clean. The coal-fired unit is used as a main corner to participate in the peak regulation of the power grid, so that the nonuniformity of the flow field distribution of the cross section of the pipeline is aggravated, and the blockage and agglomeration of a sampling pipeline of the measuring device are aggravated. The secondary air of the power station boiler mostly adopts a Venturi type, wing type or uniform velocity tube type wind measuring device, and the measuring device is limited by the principle and has high requirement on the length of a straight pipe section; in addition, when the dusty airflow is measured, the sampling pipeline is blocked and agglomerated only by dust which cannot enter, and the measurement precision and the reliability are poor. Obviously, the secondary air measuring device is a technical short board for the boiler combustion adjusting system and the coal-fired unit to participate in peak shaving of the power grid.
Now, take a coal-fired boiler of a unit 2X 650MW + 2X 600MW from zhejiang X power generation company, X group as an example. A critical Bunsen direct-flow boiler with the model HG-1890/25.4-YM4 is adopted: single hearth, single intermediate reheating, sliding pressure operation, balanced ventilation and pi-shaped arrangement. Two movable blades of Shanghai blower plant are arranged to adjust axial flow type blowers, and the left side and the right side of the axial flow type blowers are arranged to provide secondary air and burning air for fuel burning. The automatic air supply control target parameter is boiler secondary air quantity, and the secondary air quantity measuring device is arranged in a primary pipe of the secondary air quantity and is respectively used for measuring the secondary air quantity in left and right directions. When the measured actual value deviates from the set target value, the DCS performs regulation through a PID algorithm, outputs a control instruction, controls the left and right side fan moving blade regulating mechanisms and regulates the air supply quantity. When the operator judges that the combustion state of the boiler is poor or the automatic air supply is abnormal, the automatic air supply can be released, the opening of the movable blade of the air supply machine can be manually set, and the air supply quantity can be changed. The precondition is the reliable and accurate measurement of the secondary air quantity and the integration of the secondary air measuring device and the combustion regulation DCS no matter the automatic regulation or the manual control.
The secondary air measurement accuracy and reliability are influenced for two reasons. The industry has made great progress through continuous efforts, but the problems still exist; therefore, it is necessary to review the measurement accuracy and reliability problems of the secondary air. Based on the achievement of the existing secondary air measuring device, aiming at the defects of the existing solution, the potential of the existing secondary air measuring device is excavated, and the measuring precision and reliability are improved; the neglected integration link of the secondary air measuring device and the combustion regulation DCS is filled, the control quality of the combustion regulation DCS and the capability of the coal-fired unit participating in power grid peak regulation are improved.
1. The flow field distribution of the pipeline section is uneven, and the measurement precision is influenced. The industry has formed a consensus: and designing a multi-point measurement scheme. This application is proposed by reference to industry achievements: the rectangular pipeline adopts a multi-point scheme of an equal section grid method, and the circular pipeline adopts an annular multi-point scheme; the influence of the uneven distribution of the flow field of the air channel on the measurement precision is reduced.
2. Dust clogging and caking of the sampling pipeline affect the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. The industry develops two anti-blocking functions: self-cleaning ash and manual/automatic purging functions. The anti-blocking effect is actually measured on site, but the utility is still to be improved.
Self-cleaning function. The inventor proposes in the invention patent "multi-point anti-blocking air volume measuring system" (CN106017580A) that an ash removal rod with two bent ends to form a U-shaped hook structure is installed in the measuring tube (see claim 2). The present application inherits industry achievements.
Manual/automatic purge function. The patent "an automatic purge device of differential pressure type gas flowmeter" (ZL2018218124074), the patent "a secondary air volume measurement system of thermal power plant with automatic purge device" (ZL 2015203791419); in the stage , King steel, a reverse blowing scheme design for improving the accuracy of measuring the secondary air volume of a boiler [ J ] Hua-Feng technology, 2019, 41(6):76-78, and the documents all propose that an automatic blowing device is additionally arranged on a secondary air volume measuring system. The present application inherits industry achievements.
The anti-blocking function can not meet the requirements of the coal-fired power plant boiler on secondary air measurement precision and reliability. In view of this, the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange is proposed based on the anti-blocking potential of the secondary air measurement mechanism excavating device. The secondary air measurement is based on the backrest principle: the full-pressure sampling port is opposite to secondary air, and the kinetic energy of air flow is converted into kinetic pressure energy; the static pressure sampling port is back to the secondary air, only bears the pressure (static pressure) in the secondary air pipeline, and has no dynamic pressure of a full pressure port. The full-pressure sampling port can only feed dust, and is easy to block and agglomerate; the static pressure port is not blocked. On the other hand, a static pressure sampling port collects static pressure in the secondary air pipeline; even if partial blockage and agglomeration occur, the sampling value is not influenced. Therefore, the exchange of the full/static pressure sampling tube can improve the precision and the reliability of the secondary air measurement: blocking and caking the full-pressure sampling tube, and continuously measuring after interchanging the sampling tubes; the output of the generator set → min, the sampling tube exchange can be considered to provide a high-precision secondary air measured value, and the control quality of the combustion regulation DCS is improved.
3. The secondary air measuring device is integrated with the combustion regulation DCS, and the control quality of the combustion regulation DCS is improved.
At present, when manual/automatic purging is carried out, the low-air-volume MFT protection is removed, air supply is cut off, and coordination and automation are carried out; and combustion adjustment is finished by exiting AGC, namely the AGC input rate is reduced and the safe and economic operation of the unit is damaged. The secondary air measuring device is a subsystem of the combustion regulating system, and the purging function is integrated into the combustion regulating system but is omitted inadvertently. The invention discloses a coal-fired power plant boiler secondary air volume measuring device capable of automatically purging and a control method thereof (CN 111750937A). The DCS controls three sets of secondary air volume sampling pipelines on the left side and the right side to be purged one by one. In other words, the boiler combustion adjusting system does not exit AGC, and additionally adds 1 ÷ 6 ≈ 17% error when measuring secondary air; it must be pointed out that the above invention has important drawbacks: the purge time is extended by about one order of magnitude-which is fatal. In view of the above, the present application provides that the boiler combustion adjusting system does not exit the AGC when purging the secondary air sampling pipe or exchanging the full/static pressure sampling pipe by referring to the technical achievement of the air volume soft measurement; and the secondary air quantity is obtained by adopting a soft measurement technology, and the boiler combustion regulating system is controlled in a short time based on the secondary air quantity of the soft measurement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a secondary air measuring device and a secondary air measuring method based on full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technologies.
The secondary air measuring device based on the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology is composed of a full pressure sampling tube and full pressure communicating tube unit, a static pressure sampling tube and static pressure communicating tube unit, a differential pressure transmitter, a self-cleaning unit, an automatic purging unit, a full/static pressure sampling tube interchange unit and a secondary air volume soft measurement unit; based on the backrest principle, a full-pressure sampling port of the multiple measuring points is opposite to secondary air, a static-pressure sampling port is opposite to the secondary air, and full pressure and static pressure of each measuring point are respectively collected; the full pressure and static pressure of each measuring point are respectively connected into a full pressure communicating pipe and a static pressure communicating pipe through a full pressure sampling pipe and a static pressure sampling pipe, the full pressure communicating pipe and the static pressure communicating pipe are connected into a differential pressure transmitter, and the differential pressure transmitter outputs the differential pressure of the full pressure and the static pressure of secondary air, namely the data of secondary air volume to a boiler combustion regulation DCS; the ash removing rod of the self-ash removing unit realizes self-ash removal by means of the fluid kinetic energy of secondary air; the boiler combustion regulation DCS controls the automatic purging unit to periodically purge the full-pressure sampling tube, the full-pressure communicating tube unit, the static-pressure sampling tube and the static-pressure communicating tube unit, and the boiler combustion regulation DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC during purging operation based on the secondary air volume data provided by the secondary air volume soft measurement unit; and (3) blocking and caking of the full-pressure sampling tube or power output → min of the generator set, giving an interchange instruction by an operator, controlling the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange unit by the boiler combustion regulation DCS, performing full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation, and performing undisturbed switching AGC by the boiler combustion regulation DCS during the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation on the basis of secondary air volume data provided by the secondary air volume soft measurement unit.
The full-pressure sampling tube positioned in the secondary air pipeline comprises a full-pressure sampling tube fixed part and a full-pressure sampling tube movable part; one end of the full-pressure sampling tube fixing part is fixed on the full-pressure communicating tube and is communicated with the two tubes, and the other end of the full-pressure sampling tube fixing part is an outer cone; one end of the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube is a full-pressure sampling opening and is opposite to the secondary air, the other end of the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube is an inner taper hole, and the outer taper body and the inner taper hole are matched in a grinding way; the static pressure sampling tube and the full pressure sampling tube in the secondary air pipeline are similar, and the difference is two: one end of the static pressure sampling tube fixed part is fixed on the static pressure communicating tube and the two tubes are communicated, and the other end of the static pressure sampling tube movable part is provided with a static pressure sampling port and a back secondary air; the movable parts of the total-static pressure sampling tube and the static pressure sampling tube are fixed on the rotating base and are respectively arranged at the positions which take the base as the center of a circle and are opposite to 180 degrees; the rotating base is fixedly connected with the rotating connecting rod, and when the rotating connecting rod rotates, the rotating base drives the movable parts of the total-pressure sampling tube and the static-pressure sampling tube to realize position interchange; the rotating base is provided with a circular movable chamber, and the static pressure communicating pipe penetrates through the circular movable chamber and is in non-contact with the rotating base: when the rotating base rotates, the full-static pressure communicating pipe and the static pressure communicating pipe are kept at the original fixed positions; an inductive proximity switch is arranged on the rotating base, and when the movable parts of the full-static pressure sampling tube and the static pressure sampling tube are opposite to the static pressure communicating tube, the inductive proximity switch acts, namely, a contact is closed;
the electromechanical device for realizing the exchange of the full/static pressure sampling tube comprises a driving and reversing torque motor, a rotary torque motor, a transmission groove plate, a transmission gear, a rotary in-place proximity switch, a transmission plate, a driving/reversing in-place limit baffle and a corresponding connecting rod; the sampling tube interchange relates to a vertical exiting translation process, a horizontal rotation process and a vertical entering translation process; vertical exit translation process for full/static pressure coupon interchange: the driving plate is driven to retreat by the advancing and retreating torque motor and is fixedly connected with the rotating connecting rod, the rotating connecting rod retreats synchronously when the driving plate retreats, the rotating base fixed on the rotating connecting rod and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube act together, and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is separated from the fixed part; after the transmission plate contacts and retreats to the position limiting baffle, the advancing and retreating torque motor stops due to over torque, and the fixed part and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube are separated according to the designed distance;
horizontal rotation process of full/static pressure sampling tube interchange: the fixed part and the movable part of the sampling tube are separated in place, the rotary torque motor is started to drive the transmission groove plate to move forward, the groove on the transmission groove plate is meshed with the rotating teeth fixed on the rotating connecting rod, and the counterclockwise rotation of the transmission connecting rod is realized through the rotating teeth; when the transmission connecting rod rotates, the rotating base is driven to rotate anticlockwise, when the rotating angle is 180 degrees, the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube rotates to the proximity switch and the contact of the proximity switch to act, a signal that the movable part of the full/static-pressure sampling tube rotates in place is sent out, the rotating torque motor stops, and the horizontal positions of the movable part of the full/static-pressure sampling tube are exchanged; vertical entry translation process for full/static pressure coupon interchange: similar to the vertical withdrawing translation process, the horizontal position of the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is exchanged in place, the driving and reversing torque motor drives the driving plate to advance, the outer cone of the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is inserted into the inner cone hole of the fixed part of the sampling tube, the driving plate contacts the inlet position limiting baffle, and the torque motor stops due to over torque, so that the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube and the fixed part of the static/full pressure sampling tube reset.
The full/static pressure sampling tube is positioned in the rectangular pipeline and adopts a multi-point scheme of an equal-section grid, and the full/static pressure sampling tube is positioned in the circular pipeline and adopts an annular multi-point scheme;
the boiler secondary air quantity soft measurement model is obtained by reverse deduction of a boiler excess air coefficient calculation formula and is obtained according to the oxygen content [ O ] of the flue gas measured by zirconia2]And calorific value Q of coalBCalculating the total secondary air quantity of the boiler; the input variables include: unit load K corresponding to unit fuel quantity1Generating efficiency eta of unituFuel quantity qcOxygen content in flue gas [ O ]2]Air volume correction factor A1And air heat correction coefficient A2(ii) a Boiler secondary air volume V1The calculation formula is as follows:
[O2]is the volume fraction of oxygen contained in the flue gas, and is prepared by installing in airMeasured by a zirconia measuring device at the outlet of the preheater to obtain2Is a constant, approximately 21%, volume fraction of oxygen contained in air;
QBwhen the coal feeding amount is qcThe heat of combustion can be calculated by multiplying the lower calorific value of the coal by the coal feeding amount, namely:
QB＝qcQar
wherein q iscIs the amount of fuel; qarThe lower calorific value of the coal can be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula K1The unit load corresponding to the unit fuel quantity; etauGenerating efficiency for the unit;
air volume correction factor A1In order to correct the deviation between the secondary air volume actually required by combustion and the flue gas generated after combustion, the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula Car、Har、Oar、Sar、MarRespectively the mass fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the received coal base;
the air heat correction coefficient a2 is to correct the difference between the actual air heat ratio and the theoretical value, and is calculated by the formula:
in the formula Cat、Hat、Oat、Sat、MatRespectively the mass fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the received coal base.
The flow of the secondary air measurement method based on the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology is as follows:
description of variables
Time, t
Purge cycle sweet, P _ sweet
Soft measurement soft sensor, S _ sensor
Sensor measurement, M _ sensor
Measurement error measurementerror, E _ measurement
Measuring an error threshold, TE _ measurementshreshold
Description of the Algorithm
Measurement error E _ measurement
ABS(M_sensor-S_sensor)/M_sensor(1)
Secondary air volume sensor fault criterion E _ measure is greater than or equal to TE _ measure
Process of secondary air measuring method
Reading M _ sensor and S _ sensor
Calculating E _ measurement according to formula (1)
② self-cleaning operation
③ purging operation
If t is P _ sweet
Adopting secondary air quantity soft measurement S _ sensor, boiler combustion regulation DCS executing undisturbed switching AGC, otherwise, switching to
Exchanging operation of full/static pressure sampling tube
Fourthly-1, if the E _ measure is more than or equal to the TE _ measure, the operator gives an interchange instruction and adopts a secondary air volume soft measurement S _ sensor, the boiler combustion adjustment DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC to execute interchange operation of a full/static pressure sampling tube
Otherwise, go to iv-2
Fourthly-2, if the output of the generator set → min, the operator gives an interchange instruction
Adopting secondary air quantity soft measurement S _ sensor, boiler combustion regulation DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC to execute full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation
Otherwise, turn to
Fifthly, turning to the first step.
Compared with the background technology, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the anti-blocking potential of the secondary air measuring device is excavated, and the full/static pressure sampling tube is exchanged, so that the precision and the reliability of secondary air measurement are improved. The integrated self-cleaning and purging function, the rectangular/circular pipeline adopts a multi-measuring-point scheme of equal-section grids/rings, and the precision and the reliability of secondary air measurement are further improved. Purging, full-pressure sampling pipe blockage or generator set output → min, full/static pressure sampling pipe interchange operation under the instruction of operating personnel, and boiler combustion regulation DCS performs undisturbed switching AGC according to secondary air volume soft measurement data during purging and full/static pressure sampling pipe interchange operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a secondary air measurement device;
FIG. 2(a) is a block diagram of a full/static pressure coupon interchange;
FIG. 2(b) is an electromechanical device installation diagram with full/static pressure sampling tube interchange;
FIG. 3(a) is a layout diagram of sampling tubes of the secondary air measuring device in a rectangular air duct;
FIG. 3(b) is a layout diagram of sampling tubes of the secondary air measuring device in a circular air duct.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the secondary air measuring device is composed of a full-pressure sampling tube and full-pressure communicating tube unit, a static-pressure sampling tube and static-pressure communicating tube unit, a differential pressure transmitter, a self-cleaning unit, an automatic purging unit, a full/static-pressure sampling tube interchange unit, and a secondary air volume soft measuring unit; based on the backrest principle, a full-pressure sampling port of the multiple measuring points is opposite to secondary air, a static-pressure sampling port is opposite to the secondary air, and full pressure and static pressure of each measuring point are respectively collected; the full pressure and static pressure of each measuring point are respectively connected into a full pressure communicating pipe and a static pressure communicating pipe through a full pressure sampling pipe and a static pressure sampling pipe, the full pressure communicating pipe and the static pressure communicating pipe are connected into a differential pressure transmitter, and the differential pressure transmitter outputs the differential pressure of the full pressure and the static pressure of secondary air, namely the data of secondary air volume to a boiler combustion regulation DCS; the ash removing rod of the self-ash removing unit realizes self-ash removal by means of the fluid kinetic energy of secondary air; the boiler combustion regulation DCS controls the automatic purging unit to periodically purge the full-pressure sampling tube, the full-pressure communicating tube unit, the static-pressure sampling tube and the static-pressure communicating tube unit, and the boiler combustion regulation DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC during purging operation based on the secondary air volume data provided by the secondary air volume soft measurement unit; and (3) blocking and caking of the full-pressure sampling tube or power output → min of the generator set, giving an interchange instruction by an operator, controlling the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange unit by the boiler combustion regulation DCS, performing full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation, and performing undisturbed switching AGC by the boiler combustion regulation DCS during the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation on the basis of secondary air volume data provided by the secondary air volume soft measurement unit.
Description 1: the self-ash-cleaning function and the automatic purging function are briefly described in consideration of the completeness of the expression; since the self-cleaning function and the automatic purging function belong to the known knowledge scope, only the self-cleaning function and the automatic purging function are mentioned and not expanded, and the self-cleaning function and the automatic purging function are marked by a dashed frame in fig. 1 for distinguishing.
As shown in fig. 2(a) and 2(b), the full-pressure sampling tube in the secondary air pipeline includes a fixed part and a movable part; one end of the full-pressure sampling tube fixing part is fixed on the full-pressure communicating tube and is communicated with the two tubes, and the other end of the full-pressure sampling tube fixing part is an outer cone; one end of the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube is a full-pressure sampling opening and is opposite to the secondary air, the other end of the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube is an inner taper hole, and the outer taper body and the inner taper hole are matched in a grinding way; the static pressure sampling tube and the full pressure sampling tube in the secondary air pipeline are similar, and the difference is two: one end of the static pressure sampling tube fixed part is fixed on the static pressure communicating tube and the two tubes are communicated, and the other end of the static pressure sampling tube movable part is provided with a static pressure sampling port and a back secondary air; the movable parts of the total-static pressure sampling tube and the static pressure sampling tube are fixed on the rotating base and are respectively arranged at the positions which take the base as the center of a circle and are opposite to 180 degrees; the rotating base is fixedly connected with the rotating connecting rod, and when the rotating connecting rod rotates, the rotating base drives the movable parts of the total-pressure sampling tube and the static-pressure sampling tube to realize position interchange; the rotating base is provided with a circular movable chamber, and the static pressure communicating pipe penetrates through the circular movable chamber and is in non-contact with the rotating base: when the rotating base rotates, the full-static pressure communicating pipe and the static pressure communicating pipe are kept at the original fixed positions; an inductive proximity switch is arranged on the rotating base, and when the movable parts of the full-static pressure sampling tube and the static pressure sampling tube are opposite to the static pressure communicating tube, the inductive proximity switch acts, namely, a contact is closed;
the electromechanical device for realizing the exchange of the full/static pressure sampling tube comprises a driving and reversing torque motor, a rotary torque motor, a transmission groove plate, a transmission gear, a rotary in-place proximity switch, a transmission plate, a driving/reversing in-place limit baffle and a corresponding connecting rod; the sampling tube interchange relates to a vertical exiting translation process, a horizontal rotation process and a vertical entering translation process; vertical exit translation process for full/static pressure coupon interchange: the driving plate is driven to retreat by the advancing and retreating torque motor and is fixedly connected with the rotating connecting rod, the rotating connecting rod retreats synchronously when the driving plate retreats, the rotating base fixed on the rotating connecting rod and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube act together, and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is separated from the fixed part; after the transmission plate contacts and retreats to the position limiting baffle, the advancing and retreating torque motor stops due to over torque, and the fixed part and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube are separated according to the designed distance;
horizontal rotation process of full/static pressure sampling tube interchange: the fixed part and the movable part of the sampling tube are separated in place, the rotary torque motor is started to drive the transmission groove plate to move forward, the groove on the transmission groove plate is meshed with the rotating teeth fixed on the rotating connecting rod, and the counterclockwise rotation of the transmission connecting rod is realized through the rotating teeth; when the transmission connecting rod rotates, the rotating base is driven to rotate anticlockwise, when the rotating angle is 180 degrees, the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube rotates to the proximity switch and the contact of the proximity switch to act, a signal that the movable part of the full/static-pressure sampling tube rotates in place is sent out, the rotating torque motor stops, and the horizontal positions of the movable part of the full/static-pressure sampling tube are exchanged; vertical entry translation process for full/static pressure coupon interchange: similar to the vertical withdrawing translation process, the horizontal position of the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is exchanged in place, the driving and reversing torque motor drives the driving plate to advance, the outer cone of the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is inserted into the inner cone hole of the fixed part of the sampling tube, the driving plate contacts the inlet position limiting baffle, and the torque motor stops due to over torque, so that the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube and the fixed part of the static/full pressure sampling tube reset.
Description 2: in order to avoid the automatic control function abnormity caused by the faults of partial equipment in the automatic control device and the system, a manual rotation and advance and retreat operating rod can be arranged on the connecting rod which is rotated outside the air duct as an emergency backup.
As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), the rectangular pipeline adopts a multi-point scheme of equal-section grids, and the circular pipeline adopts an annular multi-point scheme;
the boiler secondary air quantity soft measurement model is obtained by reverse deduction of a boiler excess air coefficient calculation formula and is obtained according to the oxygen content [ O ] of the flue gas measured by zirconia2]And calorific value Q of coalBCalculating the total secondary air quantity of the boiler; the input variables include: unit load K corresponding to unit fuel quantity1Generating efficiency eta of unituFuel quantity qcOxygen content in flue gas [ O ]2]Air volume correction factor A1And air heat correction coefficient A2(ii) a Boiler secondary air volume V1The calculation formula is as follows:
[O2]is the volume fraction of oxygen contained in the flue gas, and is measured by a zirconia measuring device arranged at the outlet of the air preheater2Is a constant, approximately 21%, volume fraction of oxygen contained in air;
QBwhen the coal feeding amount is qcThe heat of combustion can be calculated by multiplying the lower calorific value of the coal by the coal feeding amount, namely:
QB＝qcQar
wherein q iscIs the amount of fuel; qarThe lower calorific value of the coal can be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula K1Corresponding to unit fuel quantityThe unit load; etauGenerating efficiency for the unit;
air volume correction factor A1In order to correct the deviation between the secondary air volume actually required by combustion and the flue gas generated after combustion, the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula Car、Har、Oar、Sar、MarRespectively the mass fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the received coal base;
the air heat correction coefficient a2 is to correct the difference between the actual air heat ratio and the theoretical value, and is calculated by the formula:
in the formula Cat、Hat、Oat、Sat、MatRespectively the mass fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the received coal base.
Description 3: the cross section of the common secondary air pipeline is rectangular or circular.
The secondary air measurement method based on the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology comprises the following processes:
description of variables
Time, t
Purge cycle sweet, P _ sweet
Soft measurement soft sensor, S _ sensor
Sensor measurement, M _ sensor
Measurement error measurementerror, E _ measurement
Measuring an error threshold, TE _ measurementshreshold
Description of the Algorithm
Measurement error E _ measurement
ABS (M _ sensor-S _ sensor)/M _ sensor (1) secondary air volume sensor fault criterion E _ measure is more than or equal to TE _ measure
Process of secondary air measuring method
Reading M _ sensor and S _ sensor
Calculating E _ measurement according to formula (1)
② self-cleaning operation
③ purging operation
If t is P _ sweet
Adopting secondary air quantity soft measurement S _ sensor, boiler combustion regulation DCS executing undisturbed switching AGC, otherwise, switching to
Exchanging operation of full/static pressure sampling tube
Fourthly-1, if the E _ measure is more than or equal to the TE _ measure, the operator gives an interchange instruction and adopts a secondary air volume soft measurement S _ sensor, the boiler combustion adjustment DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC to execute interchange operation of a full/static pressure sampling tube
Otherwise, go to iv-2
Fourthly-2, if the output of the generator set → min, the operator gives an interchange instruction
Adopting secondary air quantity soft measurement S _ sensor, boiler combustion regulation DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC to execute full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation
Otherwise, turn to
Fifth, turn to
Description 4: the purge period P _ sweep is 30 Day.
Under the condition of the prior art, the secondary air volume data generated by soft measurement has lower precision than that of a sensor; therefore, the air volume data generated by the soft measurements generally cannot be directly used in the boiler combustion regulation system. On the other hand, the soft measurement has high reliability, and the reliability of the soft measurement is superior to that of the secondary air quantity sensor or the instrument measurement; thus, the soft measurement data can be used to diagnose a fault condition of the sensor or meter. When the sensor or the instrument breaks down or the power output of the generator set → min, and the operator gives a interchange instruction, the secondary air quantity value generated by the soft measurement can be used for the boiler combustion adjusting system in a short time, namely the boiler combustion adjusting DCS executes AGC.
Note that the differential pressure air volume measurement of the full pressure minus static pressure is switched to the air volume measurement of the soft measurement, and a deviation delta E exists between the two measured values; the application adopts an undisturbed switching algorithm: after switching, the air volume value is soft measured value + (N-K) ÷ NxDeltaE, sampling period Ts of combustion regulating system DCS, N is NxTs, N is greater than 1, K is greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N, and when K is greater than N, the air volume value is equal to soft measured value + (N-K) ÷ NxDeltaE
Soft measurement value, K is sampling sequence number; the air quantity measurement of the soft measurement is switched to the differential pressure air quantity measurement of the full pressure reduced static pressure, and an undisturbed switching algorithm is also adopted.
Claims (4)
1. A secondary air measuring device based on full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology is characterized in that the secondary air measuring device consists of a full pressure sampling tube and full pressure communicating tube unit, a static pressure sampling tube and static pressure communicating tube unit, a differential pressure transmitter, a self-cleaning unit, an automatic purging unit, a full/static pressure sampling tube interchange unit and a secondary air volume soft measurement unit; based on the backrest principle, a full-pressure sampling port of the multiple measuring points is opposite to secondary air, a static-pressure sampling port is opposite to the secondary air, and full pressure and static pressure of each measuring point are respectively collected; the full pressure and static pressure of each measuring point are respectively connected into a full pressure communicating pipe and a static pressure communicating pipe through a full pressure sampling pipe and a static pressure sampling pipe, the full pressure communicating pipe and the static pressure communicating pipe are connected into a differential pressure transmitter, and the differential pressure transmitter outputs the differential pressure of the full pressure and the static pressure of secondary air, namely the data of secondary air volume to a boiler combustion regulation DCS; the ash removing rod of the self-ash removing unit realizes self-ash removal by means of the fluid kinetic energy of secondary air; the boiler combustion regulation DCS controls the automatic purging unit to periodically purge the full-pressure sampling tube, the full-pressure communicating tube unit, the static-pressure sampling tube and the static-pressure communicating tube unit, and the boiler combustion regulation DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC during purging operation based on the secondary air volume data provided by the secondary air volume soft measurement unit; and (3) blocking and caking of the full-pressure sampling tube or power output → min of the generator set, giving an interchange instruction by an operator, controlling the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange unit by the boiler combustion regulation DCS, performing full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation, and performing undisturbed switching AGC by the boiler combustion regulation DCS during the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation on the basis of secondary air volume data provided by the secondary air volume soft measurement unit.
2. The overgrate air measuring device based on the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the full pressure sampling tube located in the overgrate air pipeline comprises a full pressure sampling tube fixed part and a full pressure sampling tube movable part; one end of the full-pressure sampling tube fixing part is fixed on the full-pressure communicating tube and is communicated with the two tubes, and the other end of the full-pressure sampling tube fixing part is an outer cone; one end of the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube is a full-pressure sampling opening and is opposite to the secondary air, the other end of the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube is an inner taper hole, and the outer taper body and the inner taper hole are matched in a grinding way; the static pressure sampling tube and the full pressure sampling tube in the secondary air pipeline are similar, and the difference is two: one end of the static pressure sampling tube fixed part is fixed on the static pressure communicating tube and the two tubes are communicated, and the other end of the static pressure sampling tube movable part is provided with a static pressure sampling port and a back secondary air; the movable parts of the total-static pressure sampling tube and the static pressure sampling tube are fixed on the rotating base and are respectively arranged at the positions which take the base as the center of a circle and are opposite to 180 degrees; the rotating base is fixedly connected with the rotating connecting rod, and when the rotating connecting rod rotates, the rotating base drives the movable parts of the total-pressure sampling tube and the static-pressure sampling tube to realize position interchange; the rotating base is provided with a circular movable chamber, and the static pressure communicating pipe penetrates through the circular movable chamber and is in non-contact with the rotating base: when the rotating base rotates, the full-static pressure communicating pipe and the static pressure communicating pipe are kept at the original fixed positions; an inductive proximity switch is arranged on the rotating base, and when the movable parts of the full-static pressure sampling tube and the static pressure sampling tube are opposite to the static pressure communicating tube, the inductive proximity switch acts, namely, a contact is closed;
the electromechanical device for realizing the exchange of the full/static pressure sampling tube comprises a driving and reversing torque motor, a rotary torque motor, a transmission groove plate, a transmission gear, a rotary in-place proximity switch, a transmission plate, a driving/reversing in-place limit baffle and a corresponding connecting rod; the sampling tube interchange relates to a vertical exiting translation process, a horizontal rotation process and a vertical entering translation process; vertical exit translation process for full/static pressure coupon interchange: the driving plate is driven to retreat by the advancing and retreating torque motor and is fixedly connected with the rotating connecting rod, the rotating connecting rod retreats synchronously when the driving plate retreats, the rotating base fixed on the rotating connecting rod and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube act together, and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is separated from the fixed part; after the transmission plate contacts and retreats to the position limiting baffle, the advancing and retreating torque motor stops due to over torque, and the fixed part and the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube are separated according to the designed distance;
horizontal rotation process of full/static pressure sampling tube interchange: the fixed part and the movable part of the sampling tube are separated in place, the rotary torque motor is started to drive the transmission groove plate to move forward, the groove on the transmission groove plate is meshed with the rotating teeth fixed on the rotating connecting rod, and the counterclockwise rotation of the transmission connecting rod is realized through the rotating teeth; when the transmission connecting rod rotates, the rotating base is driven to rotate anticlockwise, when the rotating angle is 180 degrees, the movable part of the full-pressure sampling tube rotates to the proximity switch and the contact of the proximity switch to act, a signal that the movable part of the full/static-pressure sampling tube rotates in place is sent out, the rotating torque motor stops, and the horizontal positions of the movable part of the full/static-pressure sampling tube are exchanged; vertical entry translation process for full/static pressure coupon interchange: similar to the vertical withdrawing translation process, the horizontal position of the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is exchanged in place, the driving and reversing torque motor drives the driving plate to advance, the outer cone of the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube is inserted into the inner cone hole of the fixed part of the sampling tube, the driving plate contacts the inlet position limiting baffle, and the torque motor stops due to over torque, so that the movable part of the full/static pressure sampling tube and the fixed part of the static/full pressure sampling tube reset.
3. The overgrate air measuring device based on the exchange and soft measurement technology of the total/static pressure sampling tube as claimed in claim 1, wherein the total/static pressure sampling tube is positioned in a rectangular pipeline and adopts a multi-point scheme of a uniform section grid, and the total/static pressure sampling tube is positioned in a circular pipeline and adopts an annular multi-point scheme;
the boiler secondary air quantity soft measurement model is obtained by reverse deduction of a boiler excess air coefficient calculation formula and is obtained according to the oxygen content [ O ] of the flue gas measured by zirconia2]And calorific value Q of coalBCalculating the total secondary air quantity of the boiler; the input variables include: unit load K corresponding to unit fuel quantity1Generating setEfficiency etauFuel quantity qcOxygen content in flue gas [ O ]2]Air volume correction factor A1And air heat correction coefficient A2(ii) a Boiler secondary air volume V1The calculation formula is as follows:
[O2]is the volume fraction of oxygen contained in the flue gas, and is measured by a zirconia measuring device arranged at the outlet of the air preheater2Is a constant, approximately 21%, volume fraction of oxygen contained in air;
QBwhen the coal feeding amount is qcThe heat of combustion can be calculated by multiplying the lower calorific value of the coal by the coal feeding amount, namely:
QB＝qcQar
wherein q iscIs the amount of fuel; qarThe lower calorific value of the coal can be calculated by the following formula:
in the formula K1The unit load corresponding to the unit fuel quantity; etauGenerating efficiency for the unit;
air volume correction factor A1In order to correct the deviation between the secondary air volume actually required by combustion and the flue gas generated after combustion, the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula Car、Har、Oar、Sar、MarRespectively the mass fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the received coal base;
the air heat correction coefficient a2 is to correct the difference between the actual air heat ratio and the theoretical value, and is calculated by the formula:
in the formula Cat、Hat、Oat、Sat、MatRespectively the mass fractions of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and moisture in the received coal base.
4. A secondary air measurement method based on the full/static pressure sampling tube interchange and soft measurement technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the flow of the secondary air measurement method is as follows:
description of variables
Time, t
Purge cycle sweet, P _ sweet
Soft measurement soft sensor, S _ sensor
Sensor measurement, M _ sensor
Measurement error measurementerror, E _ measurement
Measuring an error threshold, TE _ measurementshreshold
Description of the Algorithm
Measurement error
Secondary air volume sensor fault criterion E _ measure is greater than or equal to TE _ measure
Process of secondary air measuring method
Reading M _ sensor and S _ sensor
Calculating E _ measurement according to formula (1)
② self-cleaning operation
③ purging operation
If t is P _ sweet
Adopting secondary air quantity soft measurement S _ sensor, boiler combustion regulation DCS executing undisturbed switching AGC, otherwise, switching to
Exchanging operation of full/static pressure sampling tube
Fourthly-1, if the E _ measure is more than or equal to the TE _ measure, the operator gives an interchange instruction and adopts a secondary air volume soft measurement S _ sensor, the boiler combustion adjustment DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC to execute interchange operation of a full/static pressure sampling tube
Otherwise, go to iv-2
Fourthly-2, if the output of the generator set → min, the operator gives an interchange instruction
Adopting secondary air quantity soft measurement S _ sensor, boiler combustion regulation DCS executes undisturbed switching AGC to execute full/static pressure sampling tube interchange operation
Otherwise, turn to
Fifthly, turning to the first step.
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