CN112695787A - Sinking soil taking construction method for open caisson at first section - Google Patents
Sinking soil taking construction method for open caisson at first section Download PDFInfo
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- CN112695787A CN112695787A CN202011561598.3A CN202011561598A CN112695787A CN 112695787 A CN112695787 A CN 112695787A CN 202011561598 A CN202011561598 A CN 202011561598A CN 112695787 A CN112695787 A CN 112695787A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
- E02D23/08—Lowering or sinking caissons
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sinking and soil-taking construction method for the first section of an open caisson, which comprises the steps of prestoring plain soil in a field, laying the plain soil along the periphery of a first section of the open caisson in a layered manner, compacting by using machinery, and repairing a slope by manual assistance to form a construction platform with a slope; and symmetrically digging earth by using excavators on two sides of the construction platform. The invention has simple operation, simple and convenient and rapid construction and clear process flow. The pile soil taking construction platform prestores soil in a nearby utilization field, construction period is shortened, meanwhile, an operation platform is provided for the telescopic arm excavator, conventional equipment can be directly used, construction efficiency is improved, and construction cost is reduced. By utilizing the backfill side pressure and the friction force around the construction platform, the risk of offset or uneven sinking during sinking of the first section of the open caisson is effectively reduced, and the construction quality is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of sinking construction of the first section of an open caisson, in particular to a sinking soil-taking construction method of the first section of the open caisson.
Background
The open caisson has the characteristics of stable structure, low manufacturing cost and the like, is widely applied to the municipal fields of water supply, drainage, electric power and the like, and the underground space applied to the open caisson becomes more and more complex along with the gradual improvement of the open caisson sinking construction process. The existing open caisson sinking technology is more and more difficult to meet the increasingly improved construction requirements. The open caisson sinking process should be changed accordingly.
At present, the sinking construction of the first section of the open caisson is carried out, the sinking height of the first section of the open caisson is 5-6 meters, and the sinking height of the first section of the individual open caisson needs to exceed 10 meters due to the restriction of geological conditions or construction requirements, so that the soil taking operation in the open caisson is difficult. Aiming at the condition that the sinking height of a large and medium-sized open caisson exceeds 10 meters at the first section in domestic sinking construction, the method of arranging a gantry crane at the top of the open caisson for soil sampling and the like generally has the problems of high construction cost, long construction period, easy open caisson deviation, sudden sinking and the like.
The above disadvantages need to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention relates to the sinking construction of the first section of the open caisson, which has wider peripheral field and the sinking height of the first section of the open caisson exceeding 10 meters. Therefore, the sinking and soil taking construction method for the first section of the open caisson is provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a sinking soil taking construction method for the first section of an open caisson comprises the following steps:
step S1: pre-storing plain soil in a field, laying the plain soil along the periphery of a first section of open caisson in a layered mode, laying 30 cm of the plain soil in each layer, compacting by using machinery, and repairing the slope by manual assistance to form a construction platform with a slope;
step S2: after the construction platform is built, the first section of open caisson sinks and is constructed in a non-drainage mode;
step S3: taking soil from the open caisson, and symmetrically digging the soil by using excavators on two opposite sides of the open caisson outer wall construction platform;
step S4: after the first section of the open caisson is sunk, the upper end face of the open caisson is 2 meters higher than the platform surface of the construction platform.
The present invention according to the above aspect is characterized in that in step S1, the compaction is performed in a vertically and horizontally crossing manner by using a one-to-one ramming and half-ramming method.
The present invention according to the above aspect is characterized by further comprising, before step S1, step a 1: and (4) removing the first section of open caisson template, the scaffold and the cushion layer at the edge.
The present invention according to the above aspect is characterized by further comprising, after step S1, step a 2: and filling and tamping plain soil in sections, making the staggered parts into steps, and simultaneously filling the foundation pit at two opposite sides.
The invention according to the scheme is characterized in that when the plain soil is constructed in a segmented mode, the distance between the upper layer of plain soil and the lower layer of plain soil is not less than 500 mm.
The present invention according to the above aspect is characterized by further comprising, after step a2, step A3: and after the construction of the last layer of the plain soil is finished, checking the elevation and the flatness by adopting a pull wire or a guiding ruler.
The present invention according to the above-mentioned embodiments is characterized in that, in step S2, the open caisson concrete can be excavated and sunk when the open caisson concrete reaches 100% of the design strength (i.e., the construction is completely completed), and the inner and outer scaffolds and the cantilever support must be removed before sinking.
Further, unloading of the pad frame at the edge: each section is synchronously carried out in batches, the cushion frame is symmetrically extracted every time, and the stone powder slag is timely and compactly filled at the extraction part, so that the stability of the stone powder slag is ensured.
Furthermore, the appearance quality of the well wall is tested, the strength and the anti-permeability value of the concrete are tested, and the well wall can continue to sink for construction and manufacture after the hole outside the well wall is sealed.
The invention according to the above scheme is characterized in that in step S3, the soil excavation in the open caisson is performed with sinking construction according to the principle of "middle-first and rear-second, high-first and low-second, layered excavation and timely correction".
The invention according to the scheme is characterized in that the construction platform on the outer wall of the open caisson synchronously carries out soil lowering along with soil taking and sinking in the open caisson.
The invention according to the scheme is characterized in that the height difference of the construction platform of the outer wall of the open caisson from the upper end part of the open caisson is not less than 2 meters.
The present invention according to the above aspect is characterized by further comprising, after step S4, step a 4: and when the first section of open caisson sinks to a specified elevation, stopping sinking, monitoring the open caisson sinking data and adjusting in time.
According to the scheme, the open caisson has the advantages that the excavation construction platform is built by prestoring soil in a field around the outer wall of the open caisson, the two telescopic arm excavators are arranged on two sides of the construction platform, and excavation and soil taking construction is carried out on the open caisson. The invention has simple operation, simple and convenient and rapid construction and clear process flow. The pile soil taking construction platform prestores soil in a nearby utilization field, construction period is shortened, meanwhile, an operation platform is provided for the telescopic arm excavator, conventional equipment can be directly used, construction efficiency is improved, and construction cost is reduced. By utilizing the backfill side pressure and the friction force around the construction platform, the risk of offset or uneven sinking during sinking of the first section of the open caisson is effectively reduced, and the construction quality is ensured.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the soil borrowing construction of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of backfilled plain soil around a first section of the open caisson wall;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the open caisson of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a first section sinking profile of the open caisson of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an overall construction flow diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the open caisson comprises an open caisson body, 2 a construction platform, 3 a foundation pit, 4 a first mud collecting pit, 5 a second mud collecting pit.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and embodiments:
it is worth explaining that the open caisson is manufactured into a well cylindrical structure on the ground surface, then the open caisson is gradually sunk under the self-weight action by continuously digging earth from the open caisson under the enclosure of the well wall, and after the preset design elevation is reached, the bottom sealing is carried out, and the internal structure is constructed.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, before sinking the open caisson 1, the open caisson 1 is manufactured, the strength of the concrete in the well body is C40, the impermeability grade is S8, and in the invention, the open caisson 1 has the length of 33.4 meters, the width of 25 meters and the depth of 22.15 meters. According to the depth of the open caisson 1, the open caisson 1 is manufactured in three sections, the first section of the open caisson 1 is poured for three times, the pouring heights are respectively 1.8 m, 3.6 m and 6.8 m, the second section of the open caisson is poured for 5.4 m, the open caisson sinks for two times, and the third section of the open caisson is poured for 4.55 m. The invention discloses a method for taking soil and excavating the first section of sinking of a first section of open caisson 1, which comprises the following steps:
step A1: and (3) removing the first section of open caisson template and the scaffold, and symmetrically removing the cushion layer at the edge foot by adopting a crawler-type crusher. The formwork removal requirements are as follows: the well wall template can ensure that the surface and the edges and corners of the well wall template are not damaged by removing the template when the concrete reaches more than 50% of the designed strength, and the template with the inclined surfaces of the blade feet can be removed when the concrete reaches more than 70% of the designed strength. And the damage to concrete is prevented in the formwork dismantling process. And sinking construction is carried out when the strength of the well wall and the concrete of the blade foot reaches 100 percent.
Step S1: using pre-stored plain soil in a field, laying the plain soil along the periphery of the first open caisson 1 in a layered mode, marking a thickness line laid on each layer on a side slope or a concrete outer wall, laying each layer for 30 cm, compacting by using a machine, and repairing the slope by manual assistance to form a construction platform 2 with a slope. The slope ratio is 1: 1.5, the height of the construction platform 2 is about 10 meters, and the platform width of the construction platform 2 is about 8 meters.
Furthermore, compaction adopts a mode of one ramming and half ramming, the rammers are connected with each other, and are connected in a row and crossed in a longitudinal and transverse mode, so that normal operation of the crawler-type grab bucket on the upper portion of the crawler-type grab bucket is guaranteed. And tamping the part which cannot be compacted by a clam-type tamping machine.
Furthermore, during the construction of the plain soil, the water content should be properly controlled. The method for detecting the water content comprises the following steps: the vegetarian soil is tightly held into a ball by hands, and the two fingers are preferably slightly pinched and then smashed. If the soil material has excessive or insufficient water, the soil material is dried in the sun or moistened by sprinkling water. The purpose of controlling the water content of the native soil is to reinforce the strength of the construction platform 2 to prevent settlement.
Step A2: plain soil is filled and compacted in sections, the staggered parts are made into steps, and the foundation pit 3 is filled and compacted at two opposite sides simultaneously.
Furthermore, when the plain soil is constructed in sections, the distance between the upper layer of plain soil and the lower layer of plain soil is not less than 500 mm.
Step A3: and (3) construction leveling of the last layer of plain soil: and after the construction of the last layer of the plain soil is finished, checking the elevation and the flatness by adopting a pull wire or a guiding ruler. Shoveling the high place with a shovel, and filling plain soil in the low place.
Step S2: after the construction platform 2 is built, the first section of open caisson 1 sinks and is constructed in a non-drainage mode.
In step S2, the open caisson concrete can be excavated and sunk when it reaches 100% of the designed strength (i.e. construction and fabrication are completely completed), and the inner and outer scaffolds and the cantilever support must be removed before sinking construction.
Further, unloading of the pad frame at the edge: each section is synchronously carried out in batches, the cushion frame is symmetrically extracted every time, and the stone powder slag is timely and compactly filled at the extraction part, so that the stability of the stone powder slag is ensured.
Furthermore, the appearance quality of the well wall is tested, the strength and the anti-permeability value of the concrete are tested, and the well wall can continue to sink for construction and manufacture after the hole outside the well wall is sealed.
Before the sinking construction of the first section of open caisson 1, the invention carries out the following preparation work:
in the initial sinking stage of the open caisson 1, arranging a first water collecting pit 4 along the side of the steel bar processing shed, wherein the sizes (length, width and height) of the first water collecting pit 4 are respectively 10 meters multiplied by 4 meters multiplied by 2 meters, a water collecting well is arranged along one side of the first water collecting pit 4, the sizes (length, width and height) of the first water collecting pit 4 are respectively 2 meters multiplied by 1.5 meters, a drainage open channel is arranged from the first water collecting pit 4 to the water collecting well, water in the water collecting well is pumped to an inspection well by a water pump, and the first water collecting pit 4 is transported out of the field by an excavator after the sedimentation is finished; and a second mud collecting pit 5 is arranged along one symmetrical side of the first water collecting pit 4, the sizes (length, width and height) of the second mud collecting pit are respectively 10 meters multiplied by 4 meters multiplied by 2 meters, a water pump is arranged at the corner of the second mud collecting pit to firstly pump water to a catch basin in the field, and finally the water is led to an inspection well. And a2 cm steel plate is fully paved on the uphill road and is used for a slag car running road.
Step S3: and symmetrically digging soil by the two crawler-type grab buckets of the construction platform 2 at the same time, and unloading the dug soil into the muck truck for unearthing.
Furthermore, the crawler-type grab bucket soil excavation construction is carried out according to the principle of 'first middle and later, first high and later low, layered excavation and timely correction'. Excavating the middle part of the well body and then excavating the peripheral part, reserving dike-shaped soil with the size of 0.5-1.5 m along the periphery of the edge foot during each excavation, and excavating in a layered mode, wherein the excavation depth is not more than 2 m.
Further, along with taking out soil and sinking in the open caisson 1, the outer wall construction platform 2 of the open caisson 1 synchronously descends soil, and the height difference of the outer wall construction platform 2 of the open caisson 1 from the upper end part of the open caisson 1 is not less than 2 meters.
Step S4: the first section of the open caisson 1 sinks for 12.2 meters, and the upper end face of the open caisson 1 is controlled to be 2 meters higher than the platform face of the construction platform 2.
Step A4: when the first section of open caisson 1 sinks to the elevation of 5 meters, stopping sinking, monitoring the sinking data of the open caisson 1 and adjusting in time, and after the open caisson 1 is stabilized, performing the construction of the second section of open caisson.
When the sinking height of the first section of the open caisson 1 exceeds 10 meters, the invention uses pre-stored soil in a field to pile and excavate the construction platform 2 around the outer wall of the open caisson 1, arranges two telescopic arm excavators at two sides of the construction platform 2 and carries out excavation and soil taking construction on the open caisson 1. The invention has simple operation, simple and convenient and rapid construction and clear process flow. The pile soil taking construction platform 2 prestores soil in the utilization place nearby, construction period is shortened, meanwhile, an operation platform is provided for the telescopic arm excavator, conventional equipment can be directly used, construction efficiency is improved, and construction cost is reduced. By utilizing the backfill side pressure and the friction force around the construction platform 2, the risk of offset or uneven sinking in the sinking of the first section of the open caisson 1 is effectively reduced, and the construction quality is ensured.
As shown in fig. 5, before the first open caisson is manufactured and the first open caisson is sunk, the method further comprises the following operations of preparing construction, positioning engineering measurement and setting-out, excavating the foundation pit 3 to a sinking elevation, replacing and filling the foundation pit 3 of the open caisson with stone powder and slag, pouring a concrete cushion, and sleeper and a cushion frame of the open caisson, and the specific steps are as follows:
firstly, preparation of construction
(1) And (3) soil environment exploration: the soil environment of the site is inspected in detail before construction (including soil characteristics, underground pipelines, sewage pipelines, etc.).
(2) And determining a specific construction scheme.
(3) Foundation treatment of an open caisson manufacturing site: the foundation is smooth, the vertical shaft is ensured, and the inclination of the shaft is avoided. The allowable bearing capacity of the foundation must satisfy: p is more than or equal to G/A, G is the self-gravity (KN) of the open caisson, A is the contact area of the open caisson cutting edge, and the p values of the cutting edge tread are uniform.
(4) And determining the excavation sideline of the foundation pit 3 according to the handed over direction piles, the handed over elevation piles, the geometric dimension of the bottom surface of the foundation pit 3, the excavation depth and the side slope.
(5) And (5) surveying the trend of pipelines around the open caisson, and determining that no pipeline exists around the open caisson to carry out excavation construction.
(6) Laying temporary water and electric pipelines and building construction roads.
(7) And after the ground is leveled, determining a center pile of the open caisson and longitudinal and transverse axis control piles according to the center coordinates of the open caisson, and measuring and setting auxiliary piles of the control piles as the control piles in the open caisson manufacturing and sinking processes.
Secondly, paying off in engineering measurement: and setting a measurement control net and a level base point according to the plan arrangement requirement of the open caisson, positioning and setting out, and determining the central axis of the open caisson and the contour line of the foundation pit 3 as the basis for manufacturing and sinking positioning of the open caisson.
Thirdly, excavating foundation pit 3
(1) The field was leveled to a height of 2.5 meters.
(2) Adopting a back shovel to carry out slope digging, wherein the slope of the slope digging is 1: and 2, manually repairing the slope, leveling the side slope and the bottom of the pit, and conveying the excavated soil to a specified spoil receiving site by using a dump truck to stack, wherein each side of the bottom of the foundation pit 3 is 1 m wider than the open caisson.
(3) And (5) checking and accepting the axis elevation after the foundation pit 3 is excavated.
Foundation treatment of open caisson foundation pit
And (5) filling stone powder slag at the lower part of the blade foot, and rolling and compacting. Pouring 30 cm thick C30 concrete, paving sleepers and cushion frames at the blade feet, wherein the cushion frames are made of square timbers, the spacing between the cushion frames is 0.6 m, a supporting and template system is erected on the inclined surfaces of the blade feet, and the bottom surfaces of the blade feet are kept stable on the same horizontal plane. The arrangement meets the principle of balance, and all the central lines are arranged in a line mode, so that all parts of the open caisson are symmetrically stressed. Before the second section of open caisson outer side double-row scaffold is erected, firstly backfilling an open caisson outer side soil layer to 5 m elevation, rolling and compacting, pouring C20 plain concrete with the thickness of 10 cm along the periphery of the open caisson, and using a concrete cushion layer with the width of 1.6 m as an erection platform for supporting the open caisson outer side double-row scaffold. And (3) artificially repairing a drainage ditch of 40 cm multiplied by 10 cm (width multiplied by height) at the outer side of the cushion layer. Before the third section of the double-row scaffold outside the open caisson is erected, the concrete cushion outside the open caisson is firstly repaired, and the double-row scaffold outside the open caisson is erected after the repair is completed.
It will be understood that modifications and variations can be made by persons skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
The invention is described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are illustrative, and it is obvious that the implementation of the invention is not limited in the above manner, and it is within the scope of the invention to adopt various modifications of the inventive method concept and technical solution, or to apply the inventive concept and technical solution to other fields without modification.
Claims (10)
1. A sinking soil taking construction method for the first section of an open caisson is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: pre-storing plain soil in a field, laying the plain soil along the periphery of the first open caisson in a layered manner, compacting by using machinery, and repairing a slope by manual assistance to form a construction platform with a slope;
step S2: after the construction platform is built, the first section of open caisson sinks and is constructed in a non-drainage mode;
step S3: taking soil from the open caisson, and symmetrically digging the soil by using excavators on two opposite sides of the open caisson outer wall construction platform;
step S4: after the first section of the open caisson sinks, the upper end face of the open caisson is higher than the platform surface of the construction platform.
2. The sinking and soil-borrowing construction method for the first section of the open caisson according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, the compaction is performed in a manner of one-ramming and half-ramming and is performed in a criss-cross manner.
3. The open caisson first-section sinking and soil-borrowing construction method according to claim 1, further comprising, before step S1, step a 1: and (4) removing the first section of open caisson template, the scaffold and the cushion layer at the edge.
4. The open caisson first-section sinking and soil-borrowing construction method according to claim 1, further comprising step A2: and filling and tamping plain soil in sections, making the staggered parts into steps, and simultaneously filling the foundation pit at two opposite sides.
5. The open caisson first-section sinking soil taking construction method according to claim 4, wherein when the plain soil is constructed in sections, the rubbing distance of the upper and lower layers of plain soil is not less than 500 mm.
6. The open caisson first-section sinking and soil-borrowing construction method according to claim 4, further comprising the step A3 after the step A2: and after the construction of the last layer of plain soil is finished, checking the elevation and the flatness by adopting a pull wire or a guiding ruler.
7. The sinking construction method for the first section of the open caisson according to claim 1, wherein in step S3, the sinking construction is performed according to the principle of "middle-first and rear-high-first and rear-low, layered excavation and timely correction".
8. The open caisson initial section sinking and soil-taking construction method according to claim 7, wherein the open caisson outer wall construction platform synchronously carries out soil-taking and sinking in the open caisson.
9. The open caisson first-stage sinking and soil-taking construction method according to claim 8, wherein the height difference of the open caisson outer wall construction platform from the upper end part of the open caisson is not less than 2 m.
10. The open caisson first-section sinking and soil-borrowing construction method according to claim 1, further comprising step A4 after step S4: and when the first section of open caisson sinks to a specified elevation, stopping sinking, monitoring the open caisson sinking data and adjusting in time.
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Application publication date: 20210423 |