CN112694180A - Highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system - Google Patents
Highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112694180A CN112694180A CN202011357505.5A CN202011357505A CN112694180A CN 112694180 A CN112694180 A CN 112694180A CN 202011357505 A CN202011357505 A CN 202011357505A CN 112694180 A CN112694180 A CN 112694180A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/04—Feed pretreatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/06—Energy recovery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F2001/007—Processes including a sedimentation step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/06—Pressure conditions
- C02F2301/066—Overpressure, high pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention relates to a highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, which belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination and comprises a seawater pretreatment component, a reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump, a reverse osmosis membrane component, a fresh water reservoir, a connecting pipeline and an instrument component, wherein the seawater pretreatment component comprises: raw materials sea water pump, driving motor and raw materials sea water preliminary treatment pond. The invention carries out organic integration design on the axial plunger pump principle, the motor principle, the energy recovery principle and the like, and compared with the existing reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology, the invention simplifies the principle of a reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, realizes the aim of realizing better working effect by the least elements, simplifies the system structure, has higher efficiency, further reduces the energy consumption of the system while reducing the installation space of the system, and has important significance for improving the technical level of seawater desalination and the equipment capacity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, and belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination.
Background
Compared with the fresh water holding amount of people in the world, China is one of the countries with serious shortage of water resources in the world. The reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology is an effective way for solving the shortage of water resources in China. In a traditional reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, a swash plate type axial plunger high-pressure pump, a driving motor, a booster pump and an energy recovery device are independent from each other, the system integration level is low, the required installation space is large, and large energy transmission loss exists among elements, so that the system energy consumption is high and the efficiency is low.
For special application places such as ships, small islands, offshore platforms and the like, the smaller the installation space of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is, the better the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is, the higher the efficiency is, the better the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is, and the lower the energy consumption is, the better the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is. Therefore, the research and development of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system with higher integration level and working efficiency and lower energy consumption has important significance. The invention designs the swash plate type axial plunger high-pressure pump, the driving motor, the booster pump and the energy recovery device in an integrated manner on the principle and structure, and invents a highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, which is used for improving the integration level and the operation efficiency of the seawater desalination system and simultaneously reducing the energy consumption and the installation space of the system.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system comprises a raw seawater pipeline directly connected with raw seawater, the raw material seawater pipeline is connected with a water inlet of a raw material seawater pump, the raw material seawater pump is connected with a driving motor through a coupling, and the water outlet of the raw material seawater pump is connected with the raw material seawater inlet of the raw material seawater pretreatment tank through a raw material seawater pipeline, the low-pressure seawater outlet of the raw material seawater pretreatment tank is connected with the low-pressure seawater inlet of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump through a low-pressure seawater pipeline, the installation position of the raw material seawater pretreatment tank is higher than that of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump, a high-pressure seawater outlet of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump is connected with a high-pressure seawater inlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module through a high-pressure seawater pipeline, a fresh water outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected with a fresh water inlet of the fresh water storage pool through a fresh water pipeline; the high-pressure strong brine outlet of the reverse osmosis membrane module is connected with the high-pressure strong brine inlet of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump through a high-pressure strong brine pipeline, the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump is further provided with a low-pressure strong brine outlet, and the low-pressure strong brine outlet is connected with the outside through a low-pressure strong brine pipeline.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump comprises a swash plate type axial plunger high-pressure pump, a driving motor, a booster pump and an energy recovery device, wherein a cylinder body is arranged in the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump and is nested in a driving motor rotor through a shaft sleeve, a piston structure is arranged in the cylinder body, and a rod cavity and a rodless cavity are formed in the cylinder body; the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump is characterized in that a flow distribution disc is arranged at the bottom of the cylinder body, flow distribution windows are arranged on the inner side and the outer side of the flow distribution disc, and a corresponding flow channel for introducing high-pressure strong brine into the cylinder body and utilizing pressure energy of the high-pressure strong brine to work on the piston so as to complete energy recovery is arranged on the left end cover of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the low-pressure seawater inlet, the low-pressure strong brine outlet, the high-pressure strong brine inlet and the high-pressure seawater outlet are arranged on end covers on two sides of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: the raw material seawater pretreatment tank is used for pretreating seawater and comprises coagulation, sedimentation and filtration.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and a flowmeter I and a pressure gauge I are installed on the high-pressure seawater pipeline.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and a pressure gauge II is installed on the high-pressure strong brine pipeline.
The technical scheme of the invention is further improved as follows: and a flowmeter II is installed on the fresh water pipeline.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following technical effects:
the invention organically integrates the axial plunger pump principle, the motor principle, the energy recovery principle and the like, constructs a highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, and compared with the existing reverse osmosis seawater desalination technology, the invention simplifies the principle of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, realizes the aim of realizing better working effect by the least elements, simplifies the system structure, has higher efficiency, further reduces the energy consumption of the system while reducing the installation space of the system, and has important significance for improving the technical level of seawater desalination and the equipment capacity.
The reverse osmosis seawater desalination system organically integrates a motor driving system, a high-pressure plunger pump pressurizing system and an energy recovery device recovery system in the traditional reverse osmosis seawater desalination system through the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump, and forms the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system together with the seawater pretreatment component, the reverse osmosis membrane component and the like.
The highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is mainly used in occasions such as islands, ships, offshore platforms, medium and small seawater desalination and the like, and the platform requires the smaller installation space of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, the better the installation space is, and the lower the power consumption is, the better the application of the ship is. The highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system organically integrates the motor driving system, the high-pressure plunger pump pressurizing system and the energy recovery device recovery system, so that the integration level of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is greatly improved, the installation space of the system is reduced, the principle of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is simpler, the aim of realizing better working effect by using the fewest elements is fulfilled, the system is simpler in structure and higher in efficiency, the installation space of the system is reduced, the energy consumption of the system is further reduced, and the requirements of the installation space and the energy consumption of an offshore platform can be well met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the various interfaces of the reverse osmosis desalination motor pump of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the various interfaces of a reverse osmosis membrane module of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the various interfaces of the raw seawater pretreatment tank of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the interface to the fresh water reservoir of the present invention;
the system comprises a raw material seawater pipeline 1, a raw material seawater pump 2, a raw material seawater pump 3, a driving motor 4, a raw material seawater pipeline 5, a raw material seawater pretreatment tank 501, a raw material seawater inlet 502, a low-pressure seawater outlet 6, a low-pressure seawater pipeline 7, a reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 701, a low-pressure seawater inlet 702, a low-pressure strong brine outlet 703, a high-pressure strong brine inlet 704, a high-pressure seawater outlet 8, a flowmeter I, 9, a pressure gauge I, 10, a high-pressure seawater pipeline 11, a reverse osmosis membrane assembly 1101, a high-pressure seawater inlet 1102, a high-pressure strong brine outlet 1103, a fresh water outlet 12, a flowmeter II, 13, a fresh water pipeline 14, a fresh water storage tank 1401, a fresh water inlet 15, a pressure gauge II, 16, a high-pressure strong brine pipeline 17 and a low-pressure strong brine pipeline.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments:
a highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system, as shown in fig. 1, comprises a seawater pretreatment module, a reverse osmosis desalination motor pump 7, a reverse osmosis membrane module 11, a fresh water reservoir 14, a connecting pipeline and an instrument module, wherein the seawater pretreatment module comprises: raw materials sea water pump 2, driving motor 3 and raw materials sea water preliminary treatment pond 5, instrument module includes: manometer I9, manometer II 15, flowmeter I8 and flowmeter II 12, this highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system still includes in addition: a raw material seawater pipeline 1, a raw material seawater pipeline 4, a low-pressure seawater pipeline 6, a fresh water pipeline 13, a high-pressure seawater pipeline 10, a high-pressure strong brine pipeline 16 and a low-pressure strong brine pipeline 17; raw materials sea water preliminary treatment pond 5 includes raw materials sea water entry 501 and low pressure sea water export 502, reverse osmosis sea water desalination motor pump 7 is equipped with low pressure sea water entry 701, low pressure strong brine export 702, high pressure strong brine entry 703 and high pressure sea water export 704, reverse osmosis membrane subassembly 11 includes high pressure sea water entry 1101, high pressure strong brine export 1102 and fresh water export 1103.
A highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system is shown in figures 1-5 and comprises a raw seawater pipeline 1 directly connected with raw seawater, wherein the raw seawater pipeline 1 is connected with a water inlet of a raw seawater pump 2, the raw seawater pump 2 is connected with a driving motor 3 through a coupler, a water outlet of the raw seawater pump 2 is connected with a raw seawater inlet 501 of a raw seawater pretreatment tank 5 through a raw seawater pipeline 4, the raw seawater pretreatment tank 5 pretreats seawater through condensation, precipitation, filtration and the like, and aims to remove impurities such as particle silt, colloid, microorganisms and the like existing in surface seawater and ensure that the reverse osmosis system can stably operate for a long time; the low-pressure seawater outlet 502 of the raw material seawater pretreatment tank 5 is connected with the low-pressure seawater inlet 701 of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 through the low-pressure seawater pipeline 6, and the installation position of the raw material seawater pretreatment tank 5 is higher than that of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7, so that the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 is ensured to have good self-absorption capacity; a high-pressure seawater outlet 704 of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 is connected with a high-pressure seawater inlet 1101 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 11 through a high-pressure seawater pipeline 10, and a fresh water outlet 1103 of the reverse osmosis membrane module 11 is connected with a fresh water inlet 1401 of a fresh water storage tank 14 through a fresh water pipeline 13; the high-pressure strong brine outlet 1102 of the reverse osmosis membrane component 11 is connected with a high-pressure strong brine inlet 703 of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 through a high-pressure strong brine pipeline 16, a low-pressure strong brine outlet 702 is further arranged on the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7, and the low-pressure strong brine outlet 702 is connected with the outside through a low-pressure strong brine pipeline 17.
As shown in fig. 2, the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 highly integrates a swash plate type axial plunger high-pressure pump, a driving motor, a booster pump and an energy recovery device into a reverse osmosis seawater desalination element, a cylinder body of the swash plate type axial plunger high-pressure pump is nested inside a driving motor rotor through a shaft sleeve and is directly driven by the driving motor, a plunger structure in the cylinder body is changed into a piston structure, a rod cavity and a rodless cavity are correspondingly constructed on the cylinder body, and in the process of piston contraction, high-pressure concentrated brine is introduced into the cylinder body through flow distribution windows arranged on the inner side and the outer side of a flow distribution plate at the bottom of the cylinder body and corresponding flow channels in a left end cover of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7, and the pressure energy of the high-pressure concentrated brine is utilized to do work on the piston so as; the two side end covers of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 are provided with a low-pressure seawater inlet 701, a low-pressure strong brine outlet 702, a high-pressure strong brine inlet 703 and a high-pressure seawater outlet 704.
As shown in fig. 1, a flowmeter ii 12 is installed in the fresh water pipe 13, a pressure gauge ii 15 is installed in the high-pressure brine pipe 16, and a flowmeter I8 and a pressure gauge I9 are both installed in the high-pressure seawater pipe 10. Wherein, pressure gauge I9 shows the pressure of high-pressure seawater, which is determined by reverse osmosis membrane module 11, pressure gauge II 15 shows the pressure of high-pressure strong brine, which is also determined by reverse osmosis membrane module 11, flow meter I8 shows the flow of high-pressure seawater flowing from reverse osmosis desalination motor pump 7 to reverse osmosis membrane module 11, and flow meter II 12 shows the flow of fresh water flowing from reverse osmosis membrane module 11 to water reservoir 14.
The working principle of the highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system comprises the following steps: the raw material seawater pump 2 is driven by a driving motor 3 to lead raw material seawater into a raw material seawater pretreatment tank 5 for pretreatment such as condensation, precipitation, filtration and the like, pretreated low-pressure seawater enters a reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 through a low-pressure seawater pipeline 6 and is pressurized into high-pressure seawater, the high-pressure seawater enters a reverse osmosis membrane assembly 11 through a high-pressure seawater pipeline 10, under the action of the reverse osmosis membrane assembly 11, a part of the high-pressure seawater is desalinated through a reverse osmosis membrane and enters a fresh water storage tank 14 through a fresh water pipeline 13, the other part of the high-pressure seawater is retained to form high-pressure strong brine, the high-pressure strong brine enters the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump 7 through a high-pressure strong brine pipeline 16 to pressurize the low-pressure seawater in the pump, and then the high-pressure strong brine is discharged through a low-pressure strong brine pipeline 17, so that, High-pressure seawater desalination treatment and high-pressure strong brine energy recovery process.
According to the highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system, the motor driving system, the high-pressure plunger pump pressurizing system and the energy recovery device recovery system are organically integrated, so that the highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system has the advantages of simpler system structure, high integration level, small installation space and the like, and has higher working efficiency and lower energy consumption compared with the traditional reverse osmosis seawater desalination system.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A highly integrated reverse osmosis seawater desalination system which is characterized in that: comprises a raw material seawater pipeline (1) directly connected with raw material seawater, wherein the raw material seawater pipeline (1) is connected with a water inlet of a raw material seawater pump (2), the raw material seawater pump (2) is connected with a driving motor (3) through a coupler, a water outlet of the raw material seawater pump (2) is connected with a raw material seawater inlet (501) of a raw material seawater pretreatment pool (5) through a raw material seawater pipeline (4), a low-pressure seawater outlet (502) of the raw material seawater pretreatment pool (5) is connected with a low-pressure seawater inlet (701) of a reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7) through a low-pressure seawater pipeline (6), the installation position of the raw material seawater pretreatment pool (5) is higher than the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7), a high-pressure seawater outlet (704) of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7) is connected with a high-pressure seawater inlet (1101) of a reverse osmosis membrane motor assembly (11) through a high-pressure seawater pipeline (10), a fresh water outlet (1103) of the reverse osmosis membrane module (11) is connected with a fresh water inlet (1401) of a fresh water storage pool (14) through a fresh water pipeline (13); the high-pressure strong brine outlet (1102) of the reverse osmosis membrane module (11) is connected with a high-pressure strong brine inlet (703) of the reverse osmosis sea water desalination motor pump (7) through a high-pressure strong brine pipeline (16), a low-pressure strong brine outlet (702) is further arranged on the reverse osmosis sea water desalination motor pump (7), and the low-pressure strong brine outlet (702) is connected with the outside through a low-pressure strong brine pipeline (17).
2. A highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system according to claim 1 wherein: the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7) comprises a swash plate type axial plunger high-pressure pump, a driving motor, a booster pump and an energy recovery device; a cylinder body is arranged in the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7) and is nested in the driving motor rotor through a shaft sleeve, a piston structure is arranged in the cylinder body, and a rod cavity and a rodless cavity are formed in the cylinder body; the bottom of the cylinder body is provided with a flow distribution plate, the inner side and the outer side of the flow distribution plate are provided with flow distribution windows, and a left end cover of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7) is provided with a corresponding flow channel which introduces high-pressure strong brine into the cylinder body and utilizes the pressure energy of the high-pressure strong brine to work on the piston so as to complete energy recovery.
3. A highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system according to claim 2 wherein: the low-pressure seawater inlet (701), the low-pressure concentrated brine outlet (702), the high-pressure concentrated brine inlet (703) and the high-pressure seawater outlet (704) are arranged on end covers at two sides of the reverse osmosis seawater desalination motor pump (7).
4. A highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system according to any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein: the raw material seawater pretreatment tank (5) is used for pretreating seawater by coagulation, sedimentation and filtration.
5. A highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein: and a flowmeter I (8) and a pressure gauge I (9) are installed on the high-pressure seawater pipeline (10).
6. A highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system according to any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein: and a pressure gauge II (15) is arranged on the high-pressure concentrated brine pipeline (16).
7. A highly integrated reverse osmosis desalination system according to any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein: and a flowmeter II (12) is installed on the fresh water pipeline (13).
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| US11502323B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2022-11-15 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell and methods of use thereof |
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| US11699803B1 (en) | 2022-05-09 | 2023-07-11 | Rahul S Nana | Reverse electrodialysis cell with heat pump |
| US11855324B1 (en) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-12-26 | Rahul S. Nana | Reverse electrodialysis or pressure-retarded osmosis cell with heat pump |
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