CN112693110A - Printing head of FDM type 3D printer - Google Patents

Printing head of FDM type 3D printer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112693110A
CN112693110A CN201910994397.3A CN201910994397A CN112693110A CN 112693110 A CN112693110 A CN 112693110A CN 201910994397 A CN201910994397 A CN 201910994397A CN 112693110 A CN112693110 A CN 112693110A
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China
Prior art keywords
nozzle
heat
pinch roller
heat source
printer
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Pending
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CN201910994397.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
阙锦山
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201910994397.3A priority Critical patent/CN112693110A/en
Publication of CN112693110A publication Critical patent/CN112693110A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/295—Heating elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/307—Handling of material to be used in additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/321—Feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a printing head of an FDM type 3D printer, which comprises a feeding mechanism and an extruding mechanism positioned below the feeding mechanism, wherein the extruding mechanism comprises a heat dissipation device, a nozzle, a heat source and a heating element which is in contact with the heat source to conduct heat, a first through hole channel is arranged on the heat dissipation device, a second through hole channel is arranged on the heating element, the extruding mechanism of the FDM type 3D printer further comprises a heat insulation block, a third through hole channel is arranged on the heat insulation block, and the heat insulation block is arranged between the heat dissipation device and the heating element; on the other hand, the material wire entering the second through hole channel of the heating element in a solid state form can directly increase the heat generated by the heat source, so that the melting and extruding speed of the material wire is high.

Description

Printing head of FDM type 3D printer
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of 3D printing equipment, in particular to a printing head of an FDM type 3D printer.
Background
Different from the traditional mold forming technology, the 3D printing technology is a rapid forming technology which takes a digital model file as a base and stacks forming materials layer by layer into an object according to a program. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of 3D printing technologies, and is mainly to melt and extrude a thermoplastic filamentous material (hereinafter, referred to as a filament) at a high temperature from a feeding mechanism through an extrusion mechanism of a print head of an FDM type 3D printer, the extruded molten material is cooled and solidified into a solid state, and after being stacked layer by layer, a real object with a stable shape is finally formed.
The print head of an FDM type 3D printer, one of the key components of the printer, determines the print speed. The printing head of the existing FDM type 3D printer comprises a feeding mechanism and an extruding mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a driving wheel and a pressing wheel which is matched with the driving wheel for feeding, the pressing wheel is disclosed in Chinese patent application No. 201810841882.2, the extruding mechanism is mostly in the patent document disclosed in Chinese patent application No. 201510179258.7, the printing head comprises a heating block which is internally provided with a heat source, a through hole is formed in the heating block, and a throat pipe and a nozzle which are axially connected and communicated are coaxially arranged in the through hole. When the device works, the material wire penetrates through and is clamped between a driving wheel and a pressing wheel of a feeding mechanism, the driving wheel rotates, the friction force between the driving wheel and the material wire enables the material wire to move forwards, the material wire is conveyed to an extruding mechanism forwards, the material wire sequentially enters a nozzle through a throat pipe of the extruding mechanism after reaching the extruding mechanism, heat generated by a heat source in a heating block is sequentially transmitted to the heating block, the throat pipe/nozzle and the material wire in the throat pipe and the nozzle through the heat source, the material wire is heated and melted in the throat pipe and the nozzle, and the melted material wire is extruded through the nozzle. According to the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, on one hand, after a throat pipe in an extruder material is heated, heat is transferred upwards along the axial direction of the throat pipe, a material wire entering the throat pipe is gradually heated in a larger descending stroke, an initial solid state is firstly changed into a paste state, the viscosity of the paste material wire is large, the descending speed is slow, and compared with the solid state, the paste material wire expands after being heated, the volume is increased, the descending speed is slow, and the size of the paste material wire is increased, so that the paste material wire is easy to block in the throat pipe to influence printing; on the other hand, after the filament is heated in the throat of the extruding mechanism, the filament is usually changed from a solid state to a viscous state, and after the filament enters the nozzle, the filament is required to be continuously heated and is extruded from the viscous state to a molten state, however, because the heat is conducted from the heat source to the filament in the nozzle, and the number of the intermediate transfer media is too much during the period, according to the definition of the contact thermal resistance, the heat loss is larger when the number of the contact interfaces in the heat conduction path is larger, it can be known that the loss is larger in the process of conducting the heat from the heat source to the filament in the nozzle, correspondingly, the heat absorbed by the filament in the nozzle is smaller, and the length of the nozzle is usually shorter, only 10mm-15mm, the stroke of the filament in the nozzle is short, the heat absorption is less, the time required for complete melt extrusion is longer, that is, the extrusion speed is slower, for example, the nozzle with the aperture of 0.4mm, the extrusion rate is about 50mm/s, which is only suitable for low-speed printing and cannot be used for high-speed printing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a printing head of an FDM type 3D printer.
A printing head of an FDM type 3D printer comprises a feeding mechanism and an extruding mechanism located below the feeding mechanism, wherein the feeding mechanism comprises a driving wheel which is driven by a first driving motor and can be rotatably installed on a printing head rack, and a pinch roller which is matched with the driving wheel for feeding, the extruding mechanism comprises a heat radiating device, a nozzle, a heat source and a heating element which is in contact with the heat source for heat conduction, a first through hole channel is formed in the heat radiating device, the heat radiating device is used for radiating a material wire entering the first through hole channel, a second through hole channel is formed in the heating element, the extruding mechanism further comprises a heat insulating block, a third through hole channel is formed in the heat insulating block, the heat insulating block is arranged between the heat radiating device and the heating element, the first through hole channel of the heat radiating device, the third through hole channel of the heat insulating block, the second through hole channel of the heating element and the, when the device works, the material wire penetrates through and is clamped between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel of the feeding mechanism, the pressing wheel rotates under the driving of the first driving motor and drives the material wire to advance, the material wire which advances to the extruding mechanism enters the first through hole of the heat radiating device and then enters the second through hole of the heating element after passing through the third through hole of the heat insulating block, and the material wire flows into the nozzle below the heating element after being heated and completely melted in the second through hole of the heating element which directly conducts heat with the heat source and is extruded by the nozzle communicated with the second through hole.
Further, the heat source is evenly distributed around the heating element. Compared with the structure that the heat source of the extrusion mechanism is not uniformly distributed, the extrusion mechanism has the advantages that the material wire passing through the second through hole of the heating element and the nozzle is uniformly heated in the circumferential direction, and the material wire is not subjected to large temperature difference in the circumferential direction in low-speed printing or high-speed printing, so that the material wire is favorably melted.
Further, the length direction of the heat source is parallel to the axial direction of the second through hole channel of the heating element. The length direction of the heat source can be parallel to the axial direction of the second through hole channel of the heating element and can also be vertical to the axial direction of the second through hole channel of the heating element, and because the heat source is closer to the material wire passing through the second through hole channel of the heating element and the nozzle in the axial direction under the parallel structure, the heat conducting surface is larger, more heat generated by the heat source can be conducted to the material wire for melting the material wire, and the heat utilization rate of the heat source is greatly improved.
Further, the heat dissipation device comprises a body with heat dissipation fins and a cooling mechanism for dissipating heat of the body, wherein the cooling mechanism is any one of a cooling air pipe and a heat dissipation fan. The heat dissipation device can only be a body with the heat dissipation fins, and the heat dissipation device comprises the body with the heat dissipation fins and a cooling mechanism for dissipating heat of the body, wherein the cooling mechanism is any one of a cooling air pipe and a heat dissipation fan, so that the body with the heat dissipation fins is faster in cooling speed and better in heat dissipation effect.
The feeding mechanism further comprises a pinch roller moving mechanism, the pinch roller moving mechanism comprises a pinch roller mounting seat, a linear moving mechanism and a spring, two ends of the spring are respectively connected with the pinch roller mounting seat and the linear moving mechanism, the pinch roller is rotatably mounted on the pinch roller mounting seat, the pinch roller mounting seat is movably mounted on the printing head rack, the linear moving mechanism is arranged on the printing head rack, the linear moving mechanism is driven by a power mechanism to apply a newly increased acting force to the spring and sequentially transmit the newly increased acting force to the pinch roller mounting seat and the pinch roller, and the clamping force of the pinch roller and the drive roller on the filament passing through the pinch roller and the drive roller can be adjusted. The feeding mechanism of the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer can be in a structure as described in a patent document disclosed by Chinese patent application No. 201810841882.2 or can be in a fixed structure without a spring, the feeding mechanism comprises a pinch roller moving mechanism, one end of the spring of the pinch roller moving mechanism is connected with a linear moving mechanism, the linear moving mechanism is driven by a power mechanism to apply a newly increased acting force to the spring and sequentially transmit the newly increased acting force to a pinch roller mounting seat and a pinch roller, so that the clamping force of a filament passing through the pinch roller and a driving wheel is adjusted but not fixed, the clamping force is adapted to processing of various working conditions, particularly when the filament made of different materials is adopted, or in high-speed printing, the pinch roller can even be directly far away from or close to the driving wheel, so that the filament can pass through the pinch roller and the driving wheel to be loaded under the state that the pinch roller and the driving wheel are completely separated, the wire loading operation is simpler, and after the machine is stopped, the pressing wheel and the driving wheel can be completely separated, the wire passing through the pressing wheel and the driving wheel has no clamping force, so that the wire is prevented from being clamped between the pressing wheel and the driving wheel, and the wire and the printer are prevented from being damaged.
Furthermore, a driving wheel and a pressing wheel are in a group, the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer is provided with two groups of same driving wheels and pressing wheels, the two groups of pressing wheels can be rotatably arranged on a pressing wheel mounting seat, and wire feeding paths of the two groups of driving wheels and the pressing wheels are on the same straight line. The number of the driving wheels and the pressing wheels can be one group, two groups or a plurality of groups, the clamping force of the material wire passing through the pressing wheels and the driving wheels is adjustable under the action of the linear moving mechanism, the adjustable range is large, when the number of the driving wheels and the pressing wheels is two, the linear moving mechanism acts, the clamping force of the material wire passing through the pressing wheels and the driving wheels of each group is large enough, and compared with the structure that the clamping force of the material wire passing through the driving wheels and the pressing wheels is constant and not large enough in the prior art, the friction force between the material wire and the driving wheels can be substantially increased by increasing the number of the groups of the driving wheels and the pressing wheels, so that the high-speed printing requirement can be met.
Further, the first driving motor is a direct current motor or an alternating current motor with an encoder. The first driving motor for driving the driving wheel to rotate can be a stepping motor and can also be a direct current motor or an alternating current motor with an encoder, the direct current motor or the alternating current motor has the characteristic of mild and weak torque under high-speed operation, namely, the direct current motor or the alternating current motor still has relatively large torque under high speed, so that the driving wheel driven to rotate by the first driving motor can still ensure the wire outlet amount of the forward wire driven by the driving wheel under high-speed transfer, and the requirements of wire outlet speed and wire outlet amount of the wire under high-speed printing are met.
Further, the pinch roller mounting seat is mounted on the printing head frame in a sliding or swinging mode. According to the invention, the slideway can be arranged on the printing head rack, the pinch roller mounting seat is arranged on the slideway of the printing head rack, or the slideway, such as a linear pore channel, can be arranged on the pinch roller mounting seat, two positioning pins penetrate through the linear pore channel of the pinch roller mounting seat, and the positioning pins are fixed with the printing head rack, so that the sliding installation of the pinch roller mounting seat and the printing head rack is realized; or the through hole is arranged on the pinch roller mounting seat, the through hole of the pinch roller mounting seat penetrates through a fixing pin fixed on the printing head rack, and the pinch roller mounting seat can swing around the fixing pin, so that the swing mounting of the pinch roller mounting seat and the printing head rack is realized.
Further, a power mechanism for driving the linear movement mechanism is a driving motor. In the invention, the power mechanism for driving the linear moving mechanism can be an operator or a driving motor, and in order to realize time and labor saving, high efficiency and accuracy of operation, the power mechanism for driving the linear moving mechanism is preferably a driving motor.
When the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer works, the material wire penetrates through and is clamped between the driving wheel and the pressing wheel of the feeding mechanism, the driving wheel rotates under the driving of the first driving motor and drives the material wire to advance, the material wire is sent to the extruding mechanism, the material wire reaching the extruding mechanism enters from the first through hole of the heat radiating device, passes through the third through hole of the heat insulation block and enters into the second through hole of the heating element, and the material wire flows into the nozzle below the heating element after being heated and completely melted in the second through hole of the heating element which directly conducts heat with a heat source and is extruded by the nozzle communicated with the second through hole. According to the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, the heat insulation block is arranged between the heat dissipation device and the heating element of the extrusion mechanism, so that the heat conduction between the heating element and the heat dissipation device is isolated by the heat insulation block, the heat conduction on the heating element is avoided, compared with a material wire which is arranged in a first through hole of the heat dissipation device and is conducted from the lower side of the first through hole, the temperature of the heat dissipation device is lower, the heat dissipation device with the lower temperature cannot transfer the heat to the material wire in the first through hole, on the contrary, the material wire in the first through hole can transfer the heat to the heat dissipation device, the heat is dissipated by the heat dissipation device, so that the material wire in the first through hole is cooled, the material wire in the first through hole cannot be in a sticky state due to heating, the stroke that the material wire is in the sticky state is reduced, the whole melting process of the material wire is more reliable, and the expansion and blockage caused by worry that the material wire enters the sticky state in the first through hole of the heat, correspondingly, the material wires in the first through hole channel can always keep solid state and enter the second through hole channel of the heating element in a solid state. After the solid material wire enters the second through hole of the heating element, on one hand, in the heating process of the material wire in the second through hole of the heating element, the heat generated by the heat source is conducted to the material wire in the second through hole of the heating element after being conducted by the intermediate heat-conducting medium of one heating element, the quantity of the intermediate heat-conducting medium is small, the heat loss in the whole conducting process is small, and the heat absorption rate of the material wire in the second through hole of the heating element is high; on the other hand, for the material wire which enters the second through hole of the heating element in a solid state form, the heat on the heating element cannot be conducted to the heat dissipation device due to the isolation effect of the heat insulation block, so that the heat generated by the heat source can be directly increased, the heat conducted to the material wire in the second through hole is indirectly increased, the heat absorbed by the material wire with high heat absorption rate is large, the melting and extruding speed of the material wire is high, and the material wire can be used for 3D printing with higher printing speed.
The invention also aims to provide a control system of the FDM type 3D printer.
A control system of an FDM type 3D printer is applied to a printing head of the FDM type 3D printer and a three-axis moving mechanism used for driving the printing head to move along three axes of XYZ, and comprises a heat source temperature sensor, a nozzle temperature sensor and a controller, wherein the heat source temperature sensor and the nozzle temperature sensor are both in communication connection with the controller, the controller is also in communication connection with the three-axis moving mechanism, a first driving motor of a feeding mechanism and a heat source of an extruding mechanism respectively, wherein,
the heat source temperature sensor is used for sensing the temperature of a heat source of the extrusion mechanism at any time and transmitting a sensed temperature signal of the heat source to the controller;
the nozzle temperature sensor is used for sensing the temperature of the nozzle of the extruding mechanism at any time and transmitting the sensed temperature signal of the nozzle of the extruding mechanism to the controller;
the controller is used for receiving the temperature signal of the heat source sent by the heat source temperature sensor and the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor; and judging whether the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is within the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle or not according to the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor, if the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is higher than the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, sending a control signal to a heat source of the extrusion mechanism to reduce heat generation of the heat source, simultaneously controlling a first driving motor and a three-axis moving mechanism of the feeding mechanism to synchronously operate according to respective preset operation speed values, if the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is lower than the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, sending each control signal to a first driving motor of the feeding mechanism, a three-axis moving mechanism and a heat source of the extrusion mechanism to synchronously decelerate the first driving motor of the feeding mechanism and the three-axis moving mechanism, and simultaneously, enabling the heat source to generate larger heat, if the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is within the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, controlling the heat source to generate heat according to the current heat generation quantity, and controlling the first driving motor and the three-axis moving mechanism of the feeding mechanism to synchronously operate according to respective preset operation speed values; and calculating the heat absorption performance parameters of the material wires according to the temperature difference between the heat source and the nozzle, and displaying the heat absorption performance parameters of the material wires.
The invention discloses a control system of an FDM type 3D printer, which senses the temperature of a nozzle of an extrusion mechanism through a nozzle temperature sensor at any time and sends the sensed temperature of the nozzle to a controller, the controller adjusts the heat generated by a heat source at any time according to real and accurate temperature signals of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor so that the temperature of the nozzle is kept in an allowable range of a preset temperature value of the nozzle, and adjusts the operation speeds of a first driving motor of a feeding mechanism and a three-axis moving mechanism at any time, particularly sends control signals to the first driving motor and the three-axis moving mechanism when the temperature signals of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor are lower than the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle so that the first driving motor and the three-axis moving mechanism of the feeding mechanism synchronously operate according to a smaller first-gear speed value, and then so that the material silk has longer melting time in the extrusion mechanism, extrude after the material silk fully melts, it has effectively avoided the material silk to be in the incomplete molten state and produced resistance when extruding, to the damage that material silk, printer and printed the object and cause. And the controller judges and calculates the heat absorption performance parameter of the filament according to the difference value between the temperature signal of the heat source of the extruding mechanism sent by the heat source temperature sensor and the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor, namely the temperature difference between the heat source and the nozzle, and sends and displays the heat absorption performance parameter of the filament so that an operator can master the heat absorption performance of the filament, and timely adjusts the preset running speed value of the filament according to the mastered heat absorption performance of the filament so as to print the filament at a better running speed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first embodiment of a print head of an FDM type 3D printer of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 1 without the printhead carrier;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a feeding mechanism of a first embodiment of a printing head of an FDM type 3D printer in the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of an extrusion mechanism of a first embodiment of a print head of an FDM type 3D printer of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a print head of an FDM type 3D printer of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 5 without the printhead carrier;
FIG. 7 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of an extrusion mechanism of a second embodiment of a print head of an FDM type 3D printer of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a feed mechanism for a printhead of an FDM type 3D printer, including a printhead frame, according to the present invention from a first perspective;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a second embodiment of a feed mechanism for a printhead of an FDM type 3D printer, including a printhead frame, according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of a feed mechanism for a printhead of an FDM type 3D printer, shown without the printhead frame, from a first perspective view;
FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of a feed mechanism for a printhead of an FDM type 3D printer, shown without the printhead frame and the first drive motor, from a second perspective view angle;
FIG. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a third embodiment of a feed mechanism for a printhead of an FDM type 3D printer, shown without the printhead carriage and the first drive motor, from a third perspective view of the feed mechanism of the invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of functional modules of a control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail an embodiment of a print head of an FDM type 3D printer according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings:
fig. 1 to 4 show a first embodiment of the print head of an FDM type 3D printer of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a print head of an FDM type 3D printer includes a feeding mechanism 1 and an extruding mechanism 2 located below the feeding mechanism 1, the feeding mechanism 1 includes a driving wheel 11 rotatably mounted on a print head frame 100 and a pinch roller 12 feeding with the driving wheel 11, the extruding mechanism 2 includes a heat sink 21, a nozzle 23, a heat source 24 and a heating member 22 contacting with the heat source 24 for heat conduction, the heat sink 21 is provided with a first through hole 211, the heat sink 21 is used for heat dissipation of a filament entering the first through hole 211, the heating member 22 is provided with a second through hole 221, the extruding mechanism 2 further includes a heat insulation block 25, the heat insulation block 25 is provided with a third through hole 251, the heat insulation block 25 is provided between the heat sink 21 and the heating member 22, and the first through hole 211 of the heat sink 21, the second through hole 221 is located at a position of each structural member in a, The third through hole 251 of the heat insulation block 25, the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22 and the nozzle 23 are sequentially and axially communicated from top to bottom, when the device works, the material wire penetrates and is clamped between the driving wheel 11 and the pressing wheel 12 of the feeding mechanism 1, the pressing wheel 12 is driven by the first driving motor 111 to rotate and drive the material wire to advance, the material wire advancing to the extruding mechanism 2 enters from the first through hole 211 of the heat radiating device 21, passes through the third through hole 251 of the heat insulation block 25 downwards and then enters into the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22, and the material wire flows into the nozzle 23 below the heating element 22 after being heated and completely melted in the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22 directly conducting heat with the heat source 24 and is extruded by the nozzle 23 communicated with the second through hole 221.
In the first embodiment of the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, two groups of identical driving wheels 11 and pinch rollers 12 are provided, and wire feeding paths of the two groups of driving wheels 11 and pinch rollers 12 are on the same straight line. The feeding mechanism 1 further comprises a pressing wheel moving mechanism 13, the pressing wheel moving mechanism 13 comprises a pressing wheel mounting seat 131, a linear moving mechanism 132 and a spring 133, two ends of the spring 133 are respectively connected with the pressing wheel mounting seat 131 and the linear moving mechanism 132, the pinch roller mounting seat 131 includes a base 1311 and a pinch roller mounting block 1312 hingedly mounted on the base 1311, two pinch rollers 12 of the two sets of driving wheels 11 and the pinch rollers 12 are rotatably mounted on the pinch roller mounting block 1312, a through hole 13111 is formed in the base 1311, a fixing pin 1001 fixed on the printhead chassis 100 is inserted in the through hole 13111 of the base 1311, the linear moving mechanism 132 includes a screw rod 1322 rotatably driven by a second driving motor 1321 and mounted on the printhead chassis 100, and a first moving block 1323 sleeved on the screw rod 1322 and in threaded fit with the screw rod 1322, and two ends of the spring 133 are respectively connected with the base 1311 of the pinch roller mounting seat 131 and the first moving block 1323 of the linear moving mechanism 132. The first driving motor 111 is a dc motor or an ac motor with an encoder.
In the first embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the power mechanism driving the linear movement mechanism 132 is the second driving motor 1321, the second driving motor 1321 drives the lead screw 1322 to rotate, the rotating lead screw 1322 drives the first moving block 1323 to move axially along the lead screw 1322, the moving first moving block 1323 applies a new acting force to the spring 133, and simultaneously transmits the new acting force to the base 1311, the pinch roller mounting block 1312, and the pinch roller 12 in sequence, so as to adjust the force of the spring 133, and the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the filament passing therethrough. The driving motor 1321 drives, under the transmission of the lead screw 1322 and the first moving block 1323, the spring 133 can even drive the base 1311 of the pinch roller mounting seat 131, so that the base 1311 and the pinch roller mounting block 1312 on the base 1311 swing around the fixing pin 1001, and further the pinch roller 12 on the pinch roller mounting block 1312 is close to or far away from the driving wheel 11 mounted on the rack 100, thereby realizing double adjustment of the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the wire passing through the pinch roller 12 and the distance between the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11.
In the first embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer according to the present invention, the base 1311 of the pinch roller mount 131 and the print head frame 100 are attached to each other by forming the through hole 13111 in the base 1311 and inserting the fixing pin 1001 fixed to the print head frame 100 into the through hole 13111 of the base 1311. After the base 1311 and the pinch roller mounting block 1312 on the base 1311 swing around the fixing pin 1001, in order to make the clamping force of the two pinch rollers 12 on the pinch roller mounting block 1312 and the clamping force of the two driving wheels 11 on the wire therebetween the same, the pinch roller mounting block 1312 on which the two pinch rollers 12 are mounted can be rotatably arranged by the pinch roller mounting seat 131 comprising the base 1311 and the pinch roller mounting block 1312 which is hinged and mounted on the base 1311.
In the first embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the heat sink 21 includes a body 212 having heat dissipation fins 2121 thereon and a temperature reduction mechanism 213 for dissipating heat from the body 212, and the temperature reduction mechanism 213 is a cooling air duct.
In the first embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the heating element 22 is a block structure, and the heat source 24 is an annular electric heating element wrapped outside the heating element 22. And the length direction of the heat source 24 is parallel to the axial direction of the second through-hole passage 221 of the heating member 22.
Fig. 5 and 7 show a second embodiment of the print head of an FDM type 3D printer of the present invention. In the second embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the heating member 22 is a block structure, the number of the heat sources 24 is two, the two heat sources 24 are uniformly distributed around the heating member 22, and the heat sink 21 only includes the body 212 having the heat dissipating fins 2121 thereon. Other embodiments are the same as the first embodiment except that the specific structure of the print head frame 100 and the specific structure of the body 212 of the heat dissipation device 21 are different, in the second embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer according to the present invention, the heating member 22 having the second through hole 221 is provided with two heat source installation grooves, and the two heat sources 14 are installed in the two heat source installation grooves of the heating member 22.
When the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer works, the material wires sequentially penetrate through the space between each group of driving wheels 11 and the pressing wheel 12 of the feeding mechanism 1, the first driving motor 111 drives each driving wheel 11 to rotate to drive the material wires to move forwards, the material wires are sent to the extruding mechanism 2, the material wires reaching the extruding mechanism 2 enter from the first through hole channel 211 of the heat radiating device 21, downwards pass through the third through hole channel 251 of the heat insulating block 25 and then enter the second through hole channel 221 of the heating element 22, and the material wires flow into the nozzle 23 below the heating element 22 after being heated and completely melted in the second through hole channel 221 of the heating element 22 which directly conducts heat with the heat source 24 and are extruded by the nozzle 23 communicated with the second through hole channel 221.
The printing head of the FDM type 3D printer has the advantages that the heat insulation block 25 is arranged between the heat dissipation device 21 and the heating element 22 of the extrusion mechanism 2, so that the heat insulation block 25 isolates heat conduction between the heating element 22 and the heat dissipation device 21, heat on the heating element 22 is prevented from being conducted to the heat dissipation device 21, compared with a material wire which is arranged in the first through hole channel 211 of the heat dissipation device 21 and is conducted from the lower side of the first through hole channel, the temperature of the heat dissipation device 21 is lower, the heat dissipation device 21 with the lower temperature cannot transfer the heat to the material wire in the first through hole channel 211, on the contrary, the material wire in the first through hole channel 211 can conduct the heat on the material wire to the heat dissipation device 21, the heat is dissipated out through the heat dissipation device 21, the material wire in the first through hole channel 211 is cooled, the material wire in the first through hole channel 211 cannot be in a sticky state due to heating, and the stroke of the material wire in the, the whole melting process of the filament is more reliable, and the filament does not need to worry about expansion and blockage caused by entering a paste state in the first through hole channel 211 of the heat dissipation device 21, and accordingly, the filament in the first through hole channel 211 can always keep a solid state and enter the second through hole channel 221 of the heating element 22 in a solid state. After the solid material wire enters the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22, on one hand, in the process that the material wire in the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22 is heated, the heat generated by the heat source 24 is conducted through an intermediate heat conduction medium of the heating element 22, namely, the heat is conducted to the material wire in the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22, the number of the intermediate heat conduction medium is small, the heat loss in the whole conduction process is small, and the heat absorption rate of the material wire in the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22 is high; on the other hand, for the filament entering the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22 in a solid state, the heat on the heating element 22 is not conducted to the heat sink 21 due to the isolation effect of the heat insulation block 25, so that the heat generated by the heat source 24 can be directly increased, the heat conducted to the filament in the second through hole 221 can be indirectly increased, the heat absorbed by the filament with high heat absorption rate is large, the melt extrusion speed of the filament is high, and the filament can be used for 3D printing with higher printing speed.
The printing head of the FDM type 3D printer can control the working temperature of the heating element 22 to be 300 ℃ or above, and does not need to consider that the material wires in the first through hole channel 211 of the heat dissipation device 21 enter a semi-molten paste state to expand and block, and the working temperature of the printing head can be far higher than the maximum temperature limit of 250 ℃ of the traditional 3D printer.
According to the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, the heat source 24 can be an electric heating element and can also be a hot air pipe. Wherein, the hot air pipe is a pipeline through which hot air is introduced; the electric heating elements are various elements which can generate heat after being electrified. The electric heating elements are divided into a single electric heating element and a composite electric heating element according to the structure, wherein the single electric heating element is made of one material, and the composite electric heating element is made of a plurality of materials; the electric heating elements can be divided into two types, namely metal electric heating elements and non-metal electric heating elements according to different materials, wherein the metal electric heating elements comprise nickel-chromium wires (Ni-Cr), iron-chromium-aluminum wires (Fe-Cr-Al), nickel-iron wires (Ni-Fe), nickel-copper wires (Ni-Cu)) and the like, and the non-metal electric heating elements comprise silicon carbide, silicon-molybdenum bars, PTC electric heating elements, electric heating coatings and the like; according to different shapes, the electric heating element can be divided into a metal tubular shape, a quartz tubular shape, a ceramic tubular shape, a plate shape, a square shape, an oval shape, a round shape, a ceramic coated shape and the like; according to the heating principle, the device can be divided into a direct heating device and an indirect heating device, an element and a device which directly generate heat effect by the current flowing in a resistor and various electric conductors, an element and a device which indirectly generate heat by generating other energy by electric energy, such as microwave radiation, motion friction, electric charge breakdown insulator and the like, and the device is an indirect heating element and a device.
Fig. 8 and 9 show a second feeding mechanism different from the first embodiment, in which a first straight-line channel 13112 is formed on a base 1311, a first positioning pin 1002 fixed on a printhead chassis 100 penetrates through the first straight-line channel 13112 of the base 1311, a linear moving mechanism 132 includes a first gear set 1324 mounted on the printhead chassis 100 and driven by a second driving motor 1321, and a gear strip 1325 in transmission connection with the first gear set 1324, the gear strip 1325 is linearly slidably mounted on the printhead chassis 100, a sliding path of the gear strip 1325 is parallel to the first straight-line channel 13112 of the base 1311, and two ends of a spring 133 are respectively connected with the base 1311 of a pinch roller mounting seat 131 and the gear strip 1325 of the linear moving mechanism 132. The other structure of the feeding mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment. In the feeding mechanism shown in fig. 8 and 9, the power mechanism for driving the linear moving mechanism 132 is also the second driving motor 1321, the second driving motor 1321 drives to sequentially drive the first gear set 1324 and the gear rack 1325, so that the gear rack 1325 moves in a direction parallel to the first linear pipeline 13112 of the base 1311, the moving gear rack 1325 applies a new acting force to the spring 133, and simultaneously sequentially transmits the new acting force to the base 1311, the pinch roller mounting block 1312 and the pinch roller 12, thereby achieving adjustment of the force of the spring 133 and the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the wire passing therethrough. Driven by the second driving motor 1321, the spring 133 may even drive the base 1311 of the pinch roller mounting seat 131 under the driving of the first gear set 1324 and the gear rack 1325, so that the base 1311 and the pinch roller mounting block 1312 thereon move in a direction parallel to the first straight-line duct 13112, and further the pinch roller 12 mounted on the pinch roller mounting block 1312 approaches or departs from the driving wheel 11 mounted on the rack 100, thereby achieving double adjustment of the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the wire passing therethrough and the distance between the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11. In the feeding mechanism shown in fig. 8 and 9, the base 1311 of the pinch roller mount 131 and the printhead chassis 100 are slidably mounted by forming a first linear duct 13112 in the base 1311 and inserting a first positioning pin 1002 fixed to the printhead chassis 100 into the first linear duct 13112 of the base 1311.
Fig. 10 to 12 show a third feeding mechanism different from the first embodiment, in which the number of the pinch roller mounting seats 131 and the number of the springs 133 are two, the two pinch rollers 132 are respectively rotatably mounted on the two pinch roller mounting seats 131, each pinch roller mounting seat 131 is provided with a second linear hole 1310, a second positioning pin 1003 fixed on the print head frame 100 penetrates through the second linear hole 1310 of the pinch roller mounting seat 131, the linear moving mechanism 132 includes a screw rod 1322 which is mounted on the print head frame 100 and is driven by a second driving motor 1321 and a second moving block 1326 which is sleeved on the screw rod 1322 and is in threaded fit with the screw rod 1322, the screw rod 1322 is parallel to the second linear hole 1310, the second driving motor 1321 is in transmission connection with the screw rod 1322 through a second gear set 1327, one end of each of the two springs 133 is respectively connected with one pinch roller mounting seat 131, the other ends of the two springs 133 are connected to the second moving block 1326. The other structure of the feeding mechanism is the same as that of the first embodiment. In the feeding mechanism shown in fig. 10 to 12, the power mechanism for driving the linear moving mechanism 132 is also a second driving motor 1321, the second driving motor 1321 is driven to sequentially transmit the second gear set 1327 and the lead screw 1322 to rotate the lead screw 1322, the rotated lead screw 1322 drives the second moving block 1326 to axially move along the lead screw 1322, the moving second moving block 1326 applies a new acting force to the two springs 133, and simultaneously sequentially transmits the new acting force to the pinch roller mounting seat 131 and the pinch roller 12, so as to change the force of the two springs 133 and the clamping force of the two pinch rollers 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the filament passing therethrough. The second driving motor 1321 drives, under the transmission of the second gear set 1327, the lead screw 1322 and the second moving block 1326, the spring 133 may even drive the pressing wheel mounting seat 131, so that the pressing wheel 12 on the pressing wheel mounting seat 131 is close to or far away from the driving wheel 11 mounted on the rack 100, and the double adjustment of the clamping force of the pressing wheel 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the wire passing therethrough and the distance between the pressing wheel 12 and the driving wheel 11 is realized. The feeding mechanism 1 of the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer of the invention can be the structure as described in the patent document disclosed by the Chinese patent application No. 201810841882.2, or a spring-free fixed structure, preferably, the feeding mechanism 1 further comprises a pinch roller moving mechanism 13, the pinch roller moving mechanism 13 comprises a pinch roller mounting seat 131, a linear moving mechanism 132 and a spring 133, two ends of the spring 133 are respectively connected with the pinch roller mounting seat 131 and the linear moving mechanism 132, the pinch roller 12 is rotatably mounted on the pinch roller mounting seat 131, the pinch roller mounting seat 131 is movably mounted on the print head rack 100, the linear moving mechanism 132 is arranged on the print head rack 100, the linear moving mechanism 132 applies a newly added acting force to the spring 133 under the driving of a power mechanism, and the newly added acting force is transmitted to the pressing wheel mounting seat 131 and the pressing wheel 12 in sequence, so that the clamping force of the pressing wheel 11 and the driving wheel 12 on the material wire passing through the pressing wheel and the driving wheel can be adjusted. Preferably, one end of the spring 133 of the pinch roller moving mechanism 13 is connected to the linear moving mechanism 132, and the linear moving mechanism 132 applies a new acting force to the spring 133 under the driving of a power mechanism, and sequentially transmits the new acting force to the pinch roller mounting seat 131 and the pinch roller 12, so that the clamping force of the pinch roller 11 and the driving wheel 12 on the filament passing therethrough is adjusted, rather than fixed. Because the force of the spring 133 and the clamping force of the driving wheel 11 and the pressing wheel 12 on the material wire passing through the driving wheel 11 and the pressing wheel 12 are adjustable, the adjustable range is larger, and the upper limit is far greater than the force value which can be provided by the conventional structure, when high-speed printing is carried out, the clamping force of the driving wheel 11 and the pressing wheel 12 on the material wire passing through the driving wheel 11 and the pressing wheel 12 can be increased for some material wires which are good in toughness and difficult to break, the friction between the driving wheel 11 and the material wire can be increased in the high-speed printing process of high-speed rotation of the driving wheel 11, the high-speed driving of the material wire is realized, no slipping; and, because the clamping force of the driving wheel 11 and the pinch roller 12 to the filament passing therebetween is adjustable, make the printer can also adapt to the printing of the filament of various different materials, at the same time, under the drive of the straight-line movement mechanism 132, can even make the pinch roller 12 keep away from or close to the driving wheel 11 directly, so as to can be under the state that the pinch roller 12 is totally separated from driving wheel 11, pass the filament between pinch roller 12 and driving wheel 11 in order to load the filament, the loading operation is simpler, and after shutting down, can make the pinch roller 12 totally separate from driving wheel 11, the pinch roller 12 has no clamping force to the filament passing therebetween with the driving wheel 11, and avoid the filament to clamp between pinch roller 12 and driving wheel 11, the filament and printer are damaged; and the combination of the controller can realize real-time adjustment of the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the material wires passing through the pinch roller without stopping, and no auxiliary tools such as a screwdriver and the like are needed in the adjustment process.
In a preferred embodiment of the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the two ends of the spring 133 of the feeding mechanism 1 are connected to the pinch roller mounting seat 131 and the linear moving mechanism 132, and may be fixedly connected or connected without a fixed contact.
In a preferred mode of the feeding mechanism of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the pinch roller 12 can be rotatably mounted on the pinch roller mounting seat 131 through a bearing, or the bearing can be directly used as the pinch roller 12 and rotatably mounted on the pinch roller mounting seat 131.
The number of the driving wheels 11 and the pinch rollers 12 of the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer can be one group, two groups or a plurality of groups. However, compared with the driving wheel 11 and the pinch roller 12 of one set, because the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 to the filament passing through therebetween is adjustable under the action of the linear moving mechanism 132, and the adjustable range is larger, when the number of the driving wheel 11 and the pinch roller 12 is two, the clamping force of each set of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 to the filament passing therethrough can be made sufficiently large through the adjustment of the linear moving mechanism 132, and compared with the existing structure that the clamping force of the driving wheel 11 and the pinch roller 12 to the filament passing therethrough is constant and not large, the friction force between the filament and the driving wheel 12 can be substantially increased through increasing the number of the sets of the driving wheel 11 and the pinch roller 12, so as to meet the requirement of high-speed printing.
According to the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1 and all the driving wheels 11 can be driven through a gear linkage mechanism and can also be driven through a synchronous belt linkage mechanism.
According to the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, the first driving motor 111 for driving the driving wheel 11 to rotate can be a stepping motor, and can also be a direct current motor or an alternating current motor with an encoder, however, compared with the stepping motor, the direct current motor or the alternating current motor has the characteristic of mild and weak torque under high-speed operation, namely, the direct current motor or the alternating current motor still has relatively large torque under high speed, so that the driving wheel 11 driven by the first driving motor 111 to rotate can still ensure the wire output amount of the forward wire driven by the driving wheel under high-speed transportation, and therefore the requirements of the wire output speed and the wire output amount of the wire under high-speed printing are met.
When the first driving motor 111 driving the driving wheel 11 to rotate is a dc motor or an ac motor with an encoder, the encoder of the first driving motor 111 is used as an execution feedback element, and may be an infrared grating disk encoder, a laser grating disk encoder, a hall sensor, etc. the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention.
According to the printing head of the FDM type 3D printer, a power mechanism for driving the linear moving mechanism 132 can be an operator or a driving motor, for example, a rotating hand wheel is installed on a first gear set 1324 in the feeding mechanism shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, the linear moving mechanism 132 is driven by manually rotating the rotating hand wheel by the operator, the rotating hand wheel is installed on the first gear set 1324, the linear moving mechanism 132 is manually driven, the printing head belongs to a conventional technical means, the specific installation structure of the rotating hand wheel is also a conventional technology, and detailed explanation is not needed; the power mechanism driving the linear moving mechanism 132 may also be a driving motor, such as the second driving motor 1321, and in order to achieve time and labor saving, high efficiency and accuracy of operation, the power mechanism driving the linear moving mechanism 132 is preferably a driving motor. Of course, a rotating handwheel and a second drive motor 1321 may be provided in the same linear movement mechanism 132 to accommodate different applications.
In the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the invention, the heat sink 21 may only include the body 212 with the heat sink fins 2121, and preferably, the heat sink 21 includes the body 212 with the heat sink fins 2121 thereon and the temperature reducing mechanism 213 for cooling the body 212, wherein the temperature reducing mechanism 213 may be a cooling air duct or a cooling fan with an air flow access. In this preferred embodiment, the cooling mechanism 213 can make the body 212 with the heat dissipating fins 2121 cool faster and achieve better heat dissipation effect.
In the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the heat source 24 may be unevenly distributed around the heating element 22, and preferably, the heat source 24 is evenly distributed around the heating element 22. In the preferred mode, the material wire passing through the second through-hole channel 221 of the heating element 22 and the nozzle 23 is heated relatively uniformly in the circumferential direction, and no large temperature difference occurs in the circumferential direction of the material wire in both low-speed printing and high-speed printing, which is more beneficial to melting the material wire.
In the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the length direction of the heat source 24 may be parallel or non-parallel to, for example, perpendicular to, the axial direction of the second through hole 221 of the heating member 22, and preferably, the length direction of the heat source 24 is parallel to the axial direction of the second through hole 221 of the heating member 22. In the preferred mode, the heat source 24 is closer to the material wire passing through the second through-hole passage 221 of the heating element 22 and the nozzle 23 in the axial direction, the heat conduction surface is larger, and more heat generated by the heat source 24 can be conducted to the material wire for melting the material wire, so that the heat utilization rate of the heat source 24 is greatly improved.
The printing head of the FDM type 3D printer can also be provided with the positioning grooves of the heat insulation block 25 on the bottom surface of the heat radiator 21 and the upper surface of the printing head rack 100 provided with the heating element 22, when the printing head is installed, the heat insulation block 25 is positioned in the positioning grooves on the bottom surface of the heat radiator 21 and the upper surface of the rack provided with the heating element 22, and through the arrangement of the positioning grooves, the third through hole 251 on the heat insulation block 25 can be quickly aligned accurately with the first through hole 211 of the heat radiator 21 and the second through hole 221 of the heating element 22 and is coaxial in height.
The invention also provides a control system of the FDM type 3D printer.
As shown in fig. 13, a control system of FDM type 3D printer, which is applied to the print head of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention and the three-axis moving mechanism 10 for driving the print head to move along the three axes of XYZ, comprises a heat source temperature sensor 31, a nozzle temperature sensor 32, and a controller 33, wherein the heat source temperature sensor 31 and the nozzle temperature sensor 32 are both connected in communication with the controller 33, and the controller 33 is also connected in communication with the three-axis moving mechanism 10, the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1, and the heat source 24 of the extruding mechanism 2, respectively, wherein,
the heat source temperature sensor 31 is used for sensing the temperature of the heat source 24 of the extrusion mechanism 2 at all times and transmitting a sensed temperature signal of the heat source 24 to the controller 33;
the nozzle temperature sensor 32 is used for sensing the temperature of the nozzle 23 of the extrusion mechanism 2 from time to time and transmitting the sensed temperature signal of the nozzle 23 of the extrusion mechanism 2 to the controller 33;
the controller 33 is used for receiving the temperature signal of the heat source 24 sent by the heat source temperature sensor 31 and the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32; and, according to the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32, judging whether the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32 is within the allowable range of the preset nozzle temperature value, if the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32 is higher than the allowable range of the preset nozzle temperature value, sending a control signal to the heat source 24 of the extrusion mechanism to reduce the heat generation of the heat source 24, and simultaneously controlling the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1 and the three-axis movement mechanism 10 to synchronously operate according to the respective preset operation speed values, if the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32 is lower than the allowable range of the preset nozzle temperature value, sending the respective control signals to the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1, the three-axis movement mechanism 10 and the heat source 24 of the extrusion mechanism 2 to synchronously decelerate the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1 and the three-axis movement mechanism 10, meanwhile, the heat source 24 generates larger heat, if the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32 is within the allowable range of the preset nozzle temperature value, the heat source 24 is controlled to generate heat according to the current heat generation amount, and the respective preset operation speed values of the first driving motor 111 and the three-axis moving mechanism 10 of the feeding mechanism 1 are controlled to synchronously operate; and calculating the heat absorption performance parameters of the material wires according to the temperature difference between the heat source 24 and the nozzle 23, and transmitting and displaying the heat absorption performance parameters of the material wires.
The control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the print head of the applied FDM type 3D printer and the three-axis moving mechanism 10 for driving the print head to move along the three axes of XYZ and axes form the FDM type 3D printer, that is, the FDM type 3D printer includes the print head and the three-axis moving mechanism 10 for driving the print head to move along the three axes of XYZ and axes, wherein the specific structure of the three-axis moving mechanism 10 can be as described in the patent document disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201711402937.1 or the patent document disclosed in chinese patent application No. 201410081889.0, but is not limited to the two, and can be any other moving mechanism applied in the FDM type 3D printer for driving the print head to move along the three axes of XYZ and axes.
The control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the invention senses the temperature of the nozzle 23 of the extruding mechanism 2 at all times through the nozzle temperature sensor 32, and sends the sensed temperature of the nozzle 23 to the controller 33, the controller 33 adjusts the heat generated by the heat source 24 at all times according to the real and accurate temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32, on one hand, the temperature of the nozzle is kept in the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, on the other hand, the operation speeds of the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1 and the three-axis moving mechanism 10 are adjusted at all times, especially when the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32 is lower than the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, the control signals are sent to the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1 and the three-axis moving mechanism 10, so that the first driving motor 111 of the feeding mechanism 1 and the three-axis moving mechanism 10 run synchronously according to a smaller first gear speed value, and then so that the material silk has longer melting time in the extrusion mechanism, extrude after the material silk fully melts, it has effectively avoided the material silk to be in the incomplete molten state and produced resistance when extruding, to the damage that material silk, printer and printed the object and cause. And, through the arrangement of the heat source temperature sensor 31, the temperature of the heat source 24 of the extruding mechanism is sensed from time to time, and the sensed temperature signal of the heat source 24 of the extruding mechanism is sent to the controller 33, the controller 33 judges and calculates the heat absorption performance parameter of the filament according to the difference value between the temperature signal of the heat source 24 of the extruding mechanism sent by the heat source temperature sensor 31 and the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent by the nozzle temperature sensor 32, namely the temperature difference between the heat source 24 and the nozzle 23, and sends and displays the heat absorption performance parameter of the filament, so that an operator can grasp the heat absorption performance of the filament, and according to the grasped heat absorption performance of the filament, the preset running speed value of the filament is adjusted in time, so that the filament is printed according to the better running speed.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the controller 33 may also display the temperature signal of the heat source 24 sent from the heat source temperature sensor 31, the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent from the nozzle temperature sensor 32, and the temperature difference between the heat source 24 and the nozzle 23.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the controller 33 is generally connected to the display device 34, and the controller 33 can display various data such as the heat absorption performance parameters of the filament, the temperature signal of the heat source 24 sent from the heat source temperature sensor 31, the temperature signal of the nozzle 23 sent from the nozzle temperature sensor 32, and the temperature difference between the heat source 24 and the nozzle 23 on the display device 34.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, preferably, the controller 33 is further in communication connection with the second driving motor 1321 of the feeding mechanism 1, and the controller 33 controls the second driving motor 1321 to operate, so that the clamping force of the pinch roller 12 and the driving wheel 11 on the filament passing therethrough can be fully automatically adjusted at any time without stopping.
The control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention may further include a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the extrusion mechanism at another position, and the controller 33 may perform control calculation based on not only the temperature signal of the heat source of the extrusion mechanism sent from the heat source temperature sensor 31 but also the temperature signal of the nozzle sent from the nozzle temperature sensor 32.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the heat source temperature sensor 31 and the nozzle temperature sensor 32 are substantially both temperature sensors, but detection objects thereof are different from each other, the heat source temperature sensor 31 detects the temperature of the heat source of the printer extrusion mechanism, and the nozzle temperature sensor 32 detects the temperature of the nozzle of the printer extrusion mechanism.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer, the installation positions of the heat source temperature sensor 31 and the nozzle temperature sensor 32 in the printer extrusion mechanism are not fixed, and the heat source temperature sensor and the nozzle temperature sensor can be installed on a heating block, a frame or a nozzle 23 and can sense the temperature of a heat source of the printer extrusion mechanism and the temperature of a nozzle of the printer extrusion mechanism.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer, the controller 3 is also in communication connection with other mechanisms such as subsystems of power management and the like.
In the control system of the FDM type 3D printer of the present invention, the controller 33 is any device, apparatus or circuit board capable of executing the pre-arranged program action, including but not limited to FPGA, ASIC, etc., and may also be a motherboard having a processor capable of receiving microcode, software, and program operation thereon, wherein the processor may be an 8-bit, 16-bit or 32-bit single chip or microprocessor chip.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a beat printer head of FDM type 3D printer, includes feed mechanism and is located the extruding means of feed mechanism below, and feed mechanism includes by the rotatable drive wheel of installing in beating the printer head frame of a driving motor drive and with the pinch roller of drive wheel cooperation feeding, its characterized in that: the extruding mechanism comprises a heat dissipation device, a nozzle, a heat source and a heating element which is in contact with the heat source for heat conduction, wherein a first through hole channel is formed in the heat dissipation device, the heat dissipation device is used for dissipating heat of a material wire entering the first through hole channel, a second through hole channel is formed in the heating element, a heat insulation block is arranged on the heat insulation block, a third through hole channel is formed in the heat insulation block, the heat insulation block is arranged between the heat dissipation device and the heating element, the first through hole channel of the heat dissipation device, the third through hole channel of the heat insulation block, the second through hole channel of the heating element and the nozzle are sequentially and axially communicated from top to bottom according to the position of each structural element in a use state, when the extruding mechanism works, the material wire penetrates through and is clamped between a driving wheel and a pressing wheel of the feeding mechanism, the pressing wheel rotates under the driving of a first driving motor and drives the material wire to advance, the material wire which advances to the, and the material wire flows into a nozzle below the heating element after being heated and completely melted in the second through hole of the heating element which directly conducts heat with the heat source, and is extruded by the nozzle communicated with the second through hole.
2. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 1 in which: the heat source is evenly distributed around the heating element.
3. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 1 in which: the length direction of the heat source is parallel to the axial direction of the second through hole channel of the heating element.
4. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 1 in which: the heat dissipation device comprises a body with heat dissipation fins and a cooling mechanism for dissipating heat of the body, wherein the cooling mechanism is any one of a cooling air pipe and a heat dissipation fan.
5. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 1 in which: the feeding mechanism further comprises a pinch roller moving mechanism, the pinch roller moving mechanism comprises a pinch roller mounting seat, a linear moving mechanism and a spring, two ends of the spring are respectively connected with the pinch roller mounting seat and the linear moving mechanism, a pinch roller is rotatably mounted on the pinch roller mounting seat, the pinch roller mounting seat is movably mounted on a printing head rack, the linear moving mechanism is arranged on the printing head rack, the linear moving mechanism is driven by a power mechanism to apply a newly increased acting force to the spring and sequentially transmit the newly increased acting force to the pinch roller mounting seat and the pinch roller, and the clamping force of the pinch roller and the drive roller on a material wire penetrating between the pinch roller and the drive roller can be adjusted.
6. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 5 in which: a driving wheel and a pinch roller are a set of, the printer head that beats of FDM type 3D printer has two sets of the same driving wheel and pinch roller, and two sets of pinch rollers all can rotate and install on the pinch roller mount pad, and the silk route of advancing of two sets of driving wheels and pinch roller is on same straight line.
7. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 5 in which: the pinch roller mounting seat is arranged on the printing head rack in a sliding or swinging mode.
8. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 5 in which: the power mechanism for driving the linear moving mechanism is a driving motor.
9. Print head for a FDM type 3D printer according to claim 1 in which: the first driving motor is a direct current motor or an alternating current motor with an encoder.
10. A control system of an FDM type 3D printer applied to a print head of the FDM type 3D printer described in any one of claims 1 to 9 and a three-axis moving mechanism for driving the print head to move along three axes of XYZ axes, characterized in that: comprises a heat source temperature sensor, a nozzle temperature sensor and a controller, wherein the heat source temperature sensor and the nozzle temperature sensor are both in communication connection with the controller, the controller is also in communication connection with a three-axis moving mechanism, a first driving motor of a feeding mechanism and a heat source of an extruding mechanism respectively, wherein,
the heat source temperature sensor is used for sensing the temperature of a heat source of the extrusion mechanism at any time and transmitting a sensed temperature signal of the heat source to the controller;
the nozzle temperature sensor is used for sensing the temperature of the nozzle of the extruding mechanism at any time and transmitting the sensed temperature signal of the nozzle of the extruding mechanism to the controller;
the controller is used for receiving the temperature signal of the heat source sent by the heat source temperature sensor and the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor; and judging whether the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is within the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle or not according to the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor, if the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is higher than the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, sending a control signal to a heat source of the extrusion mechanism to reduce heat generation of the heat source, simultaneously controlling a first driving motor and a three-axis moving mechanism of the feeding mechanism to synchronously operate according to respective preset operation speed values, if the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is lower than the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, sending each control signal to a first driving motor of the feeding mechanism, a three-axis moving mechanism and a heat source of the extrusion mechanism to synchronously decelerate the first driving motor of the feeding mechanism and the three-axis moving mechanism, and simultaneously, enabling the heat source to generate larger heat, if the temperature signal of the nozzle sent by the nozzle temperature sensor is within the allowable range of the preset temperature value of the nozzle, controlling the heat source to generate heat according to the current heat generation quantity, and controlling the first driving motor and the three-axis moving mechanism of the feeding mechanism to synchronously operate according to respective preset operation speed values; and calculating the heat absorption performance parameters of the material wires according to the temperature difference between the heat source and the nozzle, and displaying the heat absorption performance parameters of the material wires.
CN201910994397.3A 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 Printing head of FDM type 3D printer Pending CN112693110A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910994397.3A CN112693110A (en) 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 Printing head of FDM type 3D printer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201910994397.3A CN112693110A (en) 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 Printing head of FDM type 3D printer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112693110A true CN112693110A (en) 2021-04-23

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201910994397.3A Pending CN112693110A (en) 2019-10-18 2019-10-18 Printing head of FDM type 3D printer

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112693110A (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114103116A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-01 广东顺德优线三维科技有限公司 Consumable connecting device for FDM type 3D printer

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114103116A (en) * 2021-11-12 2022-03-01 广东顺德优线三维科技有限公司 Consumable connecting device for FDM type 3D printer
CN114103116B (en) * 2021-11-12 2023-01-06 广东顺德优线三维科技有限公司 Consumable connecting device for FDM type 3D printer

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