CN112692968B - Novel press die structure - Google Patents
Novel press die structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112692968B CN112692968B CN202011556128.8A CN202011556128A CN112692968B CN 112692968 B CN112692968 B CN 112692968B CN 202011556128 A CN202011556128 A CN 202011556128A CN 112692968 B CN112692968 B CN 112692968B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0097—Press moulds; Press-mould and press-ram assemblies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/24—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for curing, setting or hardening
- B28B11/243—Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/04—Discharging the shaped articles
- B28B13/06—Removing the shaped articles from moulds
- B28B13/065—Removing the shaped articles from moulds by applying electric current or other means of discharging, e.g. pneumatic or hydraulic discharging means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
- B28B3/04—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form with one ram per mould
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
- B28B7/42—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for heating or cooling, e.g. steam jackets, by means of treating agents acting directly on the moulding material
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a novel press die structure, which comprises an upper die holder and a lower die holder, wherein the bottom of the upper die holder is sequentially provided with a bonding layer and a contact layer from top to bottom; the raw materials of the contact layer comprise white corundum, green body waste powder, bentonite and clinker powder; the contact layer is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer, then carrying out dry pressing forming and calcining and sintering. Novel press mold structure, simple structure can provide pressure-bearing effect and cutting action simultaneously, and the surface smoothness degree of the body that the suppression obtained is high, and can guarantee the continuous production of body suppression, has solved the unable body continuous production, the high problem of manufacturing cost that realize smoothness degree good of current press mold structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ceramic powder pressing, in particular to a novel press die structure.
Background
In the field of architectural ceramic manufacturing, in order to improve the glaze smoothness of glazed tiles, the improvement of the glazing medium in the manufacturing process, namely the surface smoothness of a biscuit is very critical, and in the stage of dry-pressing and molding ceramic powder, if the surface of the pressed and molded blank reaches a smooth state by technical means, the pressure of the subsequent polishing process can be reduced. In order to improve the smoothness of the surface of a blank after compression molding in the prior art, processes such as polishing a metal die, adding a Teflon coating on the surface of the die, adding a chromium plating coating on the surface of the die, bonding a layer of vulcanized rubber structure on the surface of a press die and the like are generally adopted, the smoothness of the blank can be effectively improved in the short-time use process by adopting the processes, but once continuous production operation is carried out, a plurality of defects such as die adhesion, low smoothness of the surface of the prepared blank still exist, and the like, so that the smoothness of the surface of the blank can not be ensured in the continuous production process, for example, when a layer of vulcanized rubber structure is bonded on the surface of the press die, due to the flexible structural characteristics of rubber, the rubber body is greatly worn under the action of high pressure and friction of blank particles in use, and meanwhile, the surface of the molded blank is too rough due to the soft surface of the rubber body, and hard particles in powder can not be pressed into the surface of the blank to cause the sharp increase of the input cost of the subsequent polishing process, the process cost is increased, so that the production process has to make a compromise between ensuring the smoothness of the green body and meeting continuous production conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems brought forward by the background technology, the invention aims to provide a novel press die structure which is simple in structure, can provide a pressure bearing effect and a cutting effect simultaneously, ensures high surface smoothness of a green body obtained by pressing, can ensure continuous production of green body pressing, and solves the problems that the existing press die structure cannot realize continuous production of the green body with good smoothness and is high in production cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder and a lower die holder, wherein a bonding layer and a contact layer are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder from top to bottom, the bonding layer and the contact layer are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder from bottom to top, and a press die cavity is arranged above the contact layer at the top of the lower die holder;
the raw materials of the contact layer comprise white corundum, green body waste powder, bentonite and clinker powder;
the contact layer is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer, then carrying out dry pressing forming and calcining and sintering.
Further, the contact layer comprises, by mass, 40-60% of white corundum, 20-30% of green body waste powder, 10-20% of bentonite and 5-10% of clinker powder.
Furthermore, the sintering temperature for calcination and sintering is 850-1100 ℃, and the sintering time is 45-70 min.
Further, the contact layer obtained by calcining and sintering has a mass water absorption of 5 to 10%.
Further, after the calcination and sintering, the surface of the contact layer is subjected to finish machining, and the surface warpage of the contact layer after the finish machining is 100-200 μm.
Furthermore, the thickness of the contact layer obtained after calcination and sintering is 8-15 mm, the Mohs hardness is 4-7 grade, and the modulus of rupture is 18-22 MPa.
Further, the dynamic friction coefficient of the contact layer obtained after calcination and sintering is 2 to 4.
Further, electric heaters are respectively arranged between the upper die holder and the bonding layer and between the lower die holder and the bonding layer.
Further, the electric heater is an electric resistance heater or an electromagnetic heater.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the white corundum is added into the contact layer to play a role in bearing pressure and grinding, and as the Mohs hardness of the white corundum reaches 9.5 level, the white corundum is mixed with other components and then is subjected to dry pressing forming, and then is calcined and sintered, the breaking strength and the surface hardness of a sintered body can be ensured, the surface smoothness of a blank obtained after blank powder is subjected to press forming is ensured, the dynamic friction coefficient between the formed blank and the contact layer when the formed blank is pushed out by the push-out mechanism is ensured, and the surface smoothness of the blank is further improved;
2. the waste green body powder is added, so that waste utilization can be realized, the manufacturing cost is saved, and the key of ensuring the water absorption rate of the contact layer is realized, the water absorption rate of the contact layer can be controlled by adding the waste green body powder, the exhaust pressure of green body powder can be buffered when a blank is pressed, the contact layer can temporarily absorb the water extruded by the green body powder under high pressure, the green body powder is prevented from being adhered to the contact layer due to the water, the contact layer can simultaneously provide a pressure bearing effect, and the cutting effect of the dynamic friction force on the surface of the green body when the green body is ejected is provided, so that the surface smoothness of the green body obtained by pressing is high, and the continuous production of green body pressing can be ensured;
3. through the upper die base with between the tie coat and the die holder with set up between the tie coat the electric heater, the electric heater can be for the contact layer provides the temperature rise, helps discharging the moisture that the contact layer temporarily absorbed prevents that moisture is saturated, prevents that the body powder is in because of the moisture adhesion on the contact layer, effectively prevents the sticking die to guarantee the smoothness degree of the body that the suppression obtained.
Drawings
The drawings are further illustrative of the invention and the content of the drawings does not constitute any limitation of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a novel press die configuration according to one embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: the device comprises an upper die holder 1, a lower die holder 2, an adhesive layer 3, a contact layer 4, a press die cavity 5, an electric heater 6, a skip car 7 and a pushing mechanism 8.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, a novel press mold structure comprises an upper mold base 1 and a lower mold base 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper mold base 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower mold base 2 from bottom to top, and a press mold cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower mold base 2;
the raw materials of the contact layer 4 comprise white corundum, green body waste powder, bentonite and clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing molding, calcining and sintering.
Specifically, the rear side of novel press mould is equipped with skip 7, the front end of skip 7 is equipped with ejecting mechanism 8, ejecting mechanism 8 is the push pedal, the working procedure of novel press mould structure is: distributing the material into the press die cavity 5 through the skip car 7, performing compression molding on blank powder to obtain a blank, and then pushing out the blank through the pushing-out mechanism 8; in the raw materials of the contact layer 4, the white corundum has the functions of bearing the pressure of the structure and grinding, and as the Mohs hardness of the white corundum reaches 9.5 grade, the white corundum is mixed with other components and then is subjected to dry pressing and molding, and then is calcined and sintered, the breaking strength and the surface hardness of a sintered body can be ensured, the surface smoothness of a blank obtained after the blank powder is subjected to press molding is ensured, the dynamic friction coefficient between the molded blank and the contact layer 4 when the molded blank is pushed out by the push-out mechanism 8 is ensured, the existence of the friction can provide the cutting effect on the surface of the blank, and the surface smoothness of the blank is further improved; the addition of the green body waste powder can realize waste utilization, save manufacturing cost and simultaneously is the key for ensuring the water absorption of the contact layer 4, the water absorption of the contact layer 4 can be controlled by adding the green body waste powder, the exhaust pressure of green body powder can be buffered when a blank is pressed, meanwhile, the contact layer 4 can temporarily absorb the water extruded by the green body powder under high pressure, the green body powder is prevented from being adhered to the contact layer 4 due to the water, and the surface smoothness of the pressed green body is ensured; the bentonite can play a role in binding a raw material mixture by utilizing the characteristic that the van der waals force of the bentonite is high; the addition of the clinker powder can reduce the sintering temperature of the mixture of the contact layer 4 and improve the flexural strength of the contact layer 4 after calcination and sintering;
the contact layer 4 can provide a pressure bearing function and a cutting function on the surface of the green body by means of dynamic friction force when the green body is ejected, so that the surface smoothness of the green body obtained by pressing is high, and the continuous production of green body pressing can be ensured;
further, the contact layer 4 is adhered to the upper die base 1 and the lower die base 2 through the adhesion of the bonding layer 3, the bonding layer 3 adopts the conventional adhesive, the adhesive is cured and then obtained through the bonding layer, so that the contact layer 4 can be adhered to the upper die base 1 and the lower die base 2, the contact layer 4 is adhered to the upper die base 1 and the lower die base 2 through the bonding layer 3, the rubber vulcanization and other steps are not needed, the replacement is convenient, no pollution is caused, the environment is protected, in addition, the contact layer 4 is of an inorganic material structure, the wear-resisting index is high, the service life is long, and the equipment maintenance cost is effectively reduced.
Further, the contact layer 4 comprises, by mass, 40-60% of white corundum, 20-30% of green body waste powder, 10-20% of bentonite and 5-10% of clinker powder.
The white corundum plays a role in structural bearing and grinding, can ensure the breaking strength and the surface hardness of a sintered body, ensure the surface smoothness of a green body obtained after green body powder is pressed and formed, and ensure that a dynamic friction coefficient exists between the formed green body and the contact layer 4 when the formed green body is pushed out by the push-out mechanism 8, the existence of the friction force can provide a cutting effect on the surface of the green body, so that the surface smoothness of the green body is further improved, if the addition amount of the white corundum is too small, the breaking strength and the surface hardness of the contact layer 4 obtained by sintering are easy to be poor, the bearing and grinding effects on the green body are reduced, and the surface smoothness of the green body is influenced;
the addition of the waste green body powder can realize waste utilization, save manufacturing cost and ensure the water absorption of the contact layer 4, the water absorption of the contact layer 4 can be controlled by adding the waste green body powder, the exhaust pressure of the green body powder can be buffered when a blank is pressed, meanwhile, the contact layer 4 can temporarily absorb the water extruded by the green body powder under high pressure, the green body powder is prevented from being adhered to the contact layer 4 due to the water, the surface smoothness of the pressed and formed green body is ensured, the melting temperature of the waste green body powder in the formula composition of the contact layer 4 is lower than that of white corundum and higher than that of fused mass powder, if the addition amount of the waste green body powder is too small, the water absorption of the prepared contact layer 4 is too low, and the green body powder is easy to be adhered to the contact layer 4 due to the water, so that the smoothness of the pressed and obtained green body is poor, in addition, the waste powder of the green body fully utilizes the waste generated in the production process of the architectural ceramics, reduces the solid waste storage and reduces the environmental protection pressure, and simultaneously utilizes the principle that the waste powder of the green body is similar to the key inorganic elements (silicon, aluminum, iron, titanium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) of the conventionally used production powder, plays a buffering role to the maximum extent in the formula composition, so as to conveniently prepare the contact layer under the existing production conditions of the architectural ceramics, and the prepared contact layer 4 has stable strength and easy control of flatness and water absorption.
Furthermore, the sintering temperature for calcination and sintering is 850-1100 ℃, and the sintering time is 45-70 min.
Preferably, in the method for preparing the contact layer 4, a shuttle kiln or a roller kiln is used for calcination and sintering.
In the preparation method of the contact layer 4, the sintering temperature of calcination and sintering is set, so that the contact layer can be conveniently produced by using the existing architectural ceramic production equipment, and meanwhile, the water absorption requirement and the formula composition structure of the contact layer 4 are comprehensively considered, the sintering temperature meets the water absorption requirement under the set formula composition, if the sintering temperature exceeds 1100 ℃, the sintered solid body expands to generate air holes, but the strength is reduced, the water absorption is increased, the flexural strength of the sintered body is reduced, the pressure bearing effect on the green body is poor, and the surface smoothness of the prepared green body is poor.
Further, the contact layer 4 obtained by firing and sintering has a mass water absorption of 5 to 10%.
The water absorption rate of the contact layer 4 is 5-10%, so that when green body powder is pressed and the contact layer 4 is in contact with the green body powder, the exhaust pressure of the green body powder can be buffered through the contact layer 4, and simultaneously, the water extruded by the green body powder under high pressure can be temporarily absorbed, the green body powder is prevented from being adhered to the contact layer 4 due to the water, and the smoothness of the prepared green body is ensured.
In some embodiments, after the calcining and sintering, the method further comprises the step of subjecting the surface of the contact layer 4 to a finishing treatment, wherein the surface warpage of the contact layer 4 after the finishing treatment is 100-200 μm.
Specifically, the surface of the contact layer 4 is subjected to finishing treatment using a milling machine.
After calcination and sintering, the surface of the contact layer 4 is subjected to finish machining treatment, so that the surface smoothness of the contact layer 4 can be ensured, the surface can be subjected to finish machining by a milling machine, the surface warping degree of the contact layer 4 is 100-200 μm after the finish machining treatment, and the smoothness of a blank obtained after pressing blank powder by the contact layer 4 is ensured.
Furthermore, the thickness of the contact layer 4 obtained after calcination and sintering is 8-15 mm, the Mohs hardness is 4-7 grade, and the modulus of rupture is 18-22 MPa.
The thickness of the contact layer 4 obtained after calcination and sintering is 8-15 mm, the Mohs hardness is 4-7 grade, the fracture modulus is 18-22 MPa, the bending strength of the contact layer 4 and the realizability of the processing technology are guaranteed, the Mohs hardness of the contact layer 4 after calcination and sintering is 4-7 grade, the contact layer 4 can bear the pressure of blank powder, and therefore the surface smoothness of a blank obtained after pressing and molding the blank powder is guaranteed.
Further, the dynamic friction coefficient of the contact layer 4 obtained by calcination and sintering is 2 to 4.
In the raw materials of the contact layer 4, the white corundum mainly plays a role in bearing pressure when green body powder is pressed, because the Mohs hardness of the contact layer 4 after calcination and sintering is 4-7, the white corundum can bear the pressure of the green body powder, the surface smoothness of the green body powder after press forming is guaranteed, the white corundum also guarantees that a dynamic friction coefficient of 2-4 is formed between the formed green body and the contact layer 4 when the formed green body is pushed out by the push-out mechanism 8, the existence of the friction can provide a cutting effect on the surface of the green body, and the smoothness of the surface of the green body is further improved.
In some embodiments, an electric heater 6 is respectively disposed between the upper die holder 1 and the adhesive layer 3, and between the lower die holder 2 and the adhesive layer 3.
By arranging the electric heater 6 between the upper die holder 1 and the bonding layer 3 and between the lower die holder 2 and the bonding layer 3, the electric heater 6 can provide temperature rise for the contact layer 4, help to discharge the water temporarily absorbed by the contact layer 4, prevent water saturation, prevent green body powder from being adhered to the contact layer 4 due to water, effectively prevent sticking of a die, and ensure the smoothness of a green body obtained by pressing.
Preferably, the electric heater 6 is an electric resistance heater or an electromagnetic heater.
The electric heater 6 adopts resistance-type electric heater or electromagnetic type electric heater, has simple structure, and the intensification is fast, and the low power dissipation, longe-lived, characteristics safe and reliable's in utilization can do fast during the use the contact layer 4 provides the temperature rise, thereby guarantees the contact layer 4 temporarily absorptive moisture can discharge fast, further improves the effect of anti-sticking mould.
In order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, a more complete description of the present invention is provided below. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Example 1
The novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, and a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2;
the contact layer 4 is prepared from 40% of white corundum, 30% of green body waste powder, 20% of bentonite and 10% of clinker powder by mass percent;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcining and sintering has the mass water absorption rate of 10%, the thickness of 15mm, the Mohs hardness of 6 grade, the breaking modulus of 20MPa and the dynamic friction coefficient of 3, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
Example 2
The novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, and a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2;
the contact layer 4 comprises 45% of white corundum, 28% of green body waste powder, 18% of bentonite and 9% of clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcining and sintering has the mass water absorption rate of 9%, the thickness of 12mm, the Mohs hardness of 7 grade, the breaking modulus of 21MPa and the dynamic friction coefficient of 4, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
Example 3
The novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, and a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2;
the contact layer 4 comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 50% of white corundum, 26% of green body waste powder, 16% of bentonite and 8% of clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcining and sintering has the mass water absorption rate of 7%, the thickness of 10mm, the Mohs hardness of 5 grade, the breaking modulus of 18MPa and the dynamic friction coefficient of 2, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
Example 4
The novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, and a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2;
the contact layer 4 comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 55% of white corundum, 27% of green body waste powder, 10% of bentonite and 8% of clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcining and sintering has the mass water absorption rate of 10%, the thickness of 15mm, the Mohs hardness of 7 grade, the breaking modulus of 22MPa and the dynamic friction coefficient of 4, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
Example 5
The novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, and a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2;
the contact layer 4 comprises 60% of white corundum, 20% of green body waste powder, 15% of bentonite and 5% of clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcining and sintering has the mass water absorption rate of 5%, the thickness of 10mm, the Mohs hardness of 5 grade, the breaking modulus of 20MPa and the dynamic friction coefficient of 3, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
Example 6
The novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, and a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2;
the contact layer 4 comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 55% of white corundum, 27% of green body waste powder, 10% of bentonite and 8% of clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 is obtained after calcining and sintering, then the surface of the contact layer 4 is subjected to finish machining by a milling machine, the contact layer 4 after finish machining has the mass water absorption of 10%, the thickness of 15mm, the Mohs hardness of 7 grade, the modulus of rupture of 22MPa, the coefficient of dynamic friction of 4 and the surface warpage of 150 mu m, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
Example 7
The novel press die structure in the embodiment comprises an upper die holder 1 and a lower die holder 2, wherein a bonding layer 3 and a contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder 1 from top to bottom, the bonding layer 3 and the contact layer 4 are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder 2 from bottom to top, a press die cavity 5 is arranged above the contact layer 4 at the top of the lower die holder 2, and electric heaters 6 are respectively arranged between the upper die holder 1 and the bonding layer 3 and between the lower die holder 2 and the bonding layer 3;
the contact layer 4 comprises the following raw materials, by mass, 55% of white corundum, 27% of green body waste powder, 10% of bentonite and 8% of clinker powder;
the contact layer 4 is formed by mixing raw materials of the contact layer 4, then performing dry pressing forming and calcining sintering, wherein the sintering temperature is 900 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, the contact layer 4 is obtained after calcining and sintering, then the surface of the contact layer 4 is subjected to finish machining by a milling machine, the contact layer 4 after finish machining has the mass water absorption of 10%, the thickness of 15mm, the Mohs hardness of 7 grade, the modulus of rupture of 22MPa, the coefficient of dynamic friction of 4 and the surface warpage of 150 mu m, and the contact layer 4 is obtained through preparation.
The novel press die structure of the embodiment 1-embodiment 7 is used for pressing blank powder, the blank powder is distributed to a press die cavity 5 through a skip car 7 and pressed into a blank, the blank is then pushed out through a push-out mechanism 8, the surface of the obtained blank is flat and smooth, the smoothness is good, the surface is not damaged, glazing and/or printing decoration are carried out on the blank pressed by the novel press die structure of the embodiment 1-embodiment 7, and the smoothness of the finished ceramic tile glaze is greatly improved.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the example 4, in this example, the raw materials of the contact layer 4 include, by mass percentage, 60% of white corundum, 15% of green body waste powder, 15% of bentonite, and 10% of clinker powder, the preparation method of the contact layer 4 is the same as that of the example 4, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcination and sintering has a mass water absorption of 4%, a thickness of 15mm, a mohs hardness of 7, a breaking modulus of 22MPa, and a dynamic friction coefficient of 4, and the contact layer 4 is prepared.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 4, in this example, the raw materials of the contact layer 4 include, by mass percentage, 35% of white corundum, 35% of green body waste powder, 20% of bentonite, and 10% of clinker powder, the preparation method of the contact layer 4 is the same as that of the example 4, the contact layer 4 obtained after calcination and sintering has a mass water absorption of 11%, a thickness of 15mm, a mohs hardness of 3, a fracture modulus of 13MPa, and a dynamic friction coefficient of 2, and the contact layer 4 is prepared.
Comparative example 3
In comparison with example 4, in this example, the sintering temperature for performing the calcination sintering is 1150 ℃, the sintering time is 60min, other raw materials and the preparation method are the same as those in example 4, and the contact layer 4 obtained after the calcination sintering has the mass water absorption of 12%, the thickness of 15mm, the mohs hardness of 3, the modulus of rupture of 15MPa, and the coefficient of dynamic friction of 2, so that the contact layer 4 is prepared.
The novel press die structure of comparative examples 1-3 is used for pressing blank powder, the blank powder is distributed to a press die cavity 5 through a skip car 7 and pressed into a blank, then the blank is pushed out through a push-out mechanism 8, because the addition amount of the waste blank powder of the contact layer in the comparative example 1 is too small, the water absorption rate of the prepared contact layer is too low, the blank powder is easy to adhere to the contact layer due to moisture, the surface of the pressed blank has defects and roughness, the addition amount of the white corundum of the contact layer in the comparative example 2 is too small, the bending strength and the surface hardness of the sintered contact layer are poor, the pressure bearing and grinding effects on the blank are reduced, the phenomena of roughness and non-smoothness exist on the surface of a finished product, the sintering temperature of the contact layer in the comparative example 3 during sintering is too high, the sintered solid and molten body expand to generate air holes, but causes the strength to be reduced and the water absorption to be increased, the bending strength and the surface hardness of the contact layer obtained by sintering are poor, the pressure-bearing and grinding action on the green body is reduced, the surface of the green body is rough and uneven, the smoothness is poor, and the smoothness of the surface of the finished product is influenced.
The smoothness of the green body obtained by the novel press die structure of the comparative examples 1-3 is poor, and glazing and/or printing decoration is carried out on the green body pressed by the novel press die structure of the comparative examples 1-3 subsequently, so that the glaze of the finished ceramic tile is low in smoothness, poor in aesthetic feeling and low in high-quality product rate.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A novel press die structure comprises an upper die holder and a lower die holder, and is characterized in that a bonding layer and a contact layer are sequentially arranged at the bottom of the upper die holder from top to bottom, the bonding layer and the contact layer are sequentially arranged at the top of the lower die holder from bottom to top, and a press die cavity is arranged above the contact layer at the top of the lower die holder;
the raw materials of the contact layer are white corundum, green body waste powder, bentonite and clinker powder;
the contact layer is formed by mixing the raw materials of the contact layer, then performing dry pressing molding, calcining and sintering;
the contact layer is prepared from the following raw materials, by mass, 40-60% of white corundum, 20-30% of green body waste powder, 10-20% of bentonite and 5-10% of clinker powder;
and the mass water absorption rate of the contact layer obtained after calcination and sintering is 5-10%.
2. The novel press mold structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature for calcination and sintering is 850-1100 ℃, and the sintering time is 45-70 min.
3. The novel press mold structure as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a step of subjecting the surface of the contact layer to a finishing treatment after the calcination and sintering, wherein the surface warpage of the contact layer after the finishing treatment is 100-200 μm.
4. The novel press die structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the contact layer obtained after calcination and sintering has a thickness of 8-15 mm, a mohs hardness of 4-7 grade, and a modulus of rupture of 18-22 MPa.
5. The novel press mold structure of claim 1, wherein the contact layer obtained after calcination and sintering has a coefficient of dynamic friction of 2-4.
6. The press die structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein electric heaters are provided between the upper die base and the adhesive layer and between the lower die base and the adhesive layer, respectively.
7. The new press die structure as claimed in claim 6, wherein the electric heater is an electric resistance heater or an electromagnetic heater.
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