CN112688069A - Three-polarization unit with adjustable directional diagram and array antenna thereof - Google Patents
Three-polarization unit with adjustable directional diagram and array antenna thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a directional diagram adjustable triple polarized unit and an array antenna thereof, wherein the triple polarized radiation unit comprises two horizontal orthogonal double-linear polarized radiation structures and a vertical polarized radiation structure, and the vertical polarized radiation structure is arranged below the horizontal dual polarized radiation structure to realize the miniaturization of the triple polarized unit; the control of the directional diagram of the triple polarization unit can be realized by adding a parasitic radiation structure right above the triple polarization unit, and the control of the directional diagram of the triple polarization unit can be realized by superposing the amplitude and the phase of different polarization ports; the tri-polarization unit can form a one-dimensional linear array, a two-dimensional planar array, a conformal array and the like, large-angle scanning of the array can be realized by adjusting the ratio of the amplitude and the phase of the heteropolarization port, and cross polarization level can be effectively inhibited. The invention realizes the directional diagram regulation of the antenna unit and the large-angle scanning of the array at the same time, and compared with the prior dual-polarized array antenna, the invention is easier to realize the wide-angle scanning and the low cross polarization of the array.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and relates to a triple polarization unit with an adjustable directional diagram and an array antenna thereof, in particular to a triple polarization unit capable of realizing directional diagram regulation of the unit, large-angle scanning of the array and reduction of cross polarization.
Background
When electromagnetic waves propagate in a free space, the communication quality is seriously affected by the influence of multipath effects. The multipath effect of the electromagnetic wave in free space can be reduced by diversity technology. The polarization diversity technique can obtain a plurality of uncorrelated channels by fully utilizing the space dimension of electromagnetic waves, thereby improving the communication capacity and the communication speed. The triple polarized antenna is an antenna formed by three mutually orthogonal linear polarizations pairwise, and a complete polarization vector coordinate system is formed in a full space by fully utilizing a polarization diversity technology. The tri-polarization antenna can realize more spatial characteristic channels, thereby greatly improving the transmission rate and the communication capacity of the system. At present, the research on triple polarized antennas mainly focuses on the realization of low profile, wide band and three polarized ports, but the designed antenna has a large transverse size and a radiation pattern that cannot be controlled, i.e., the practical application value is not great. Designing a miniaturized and directional diagram-adjustable triple polarized antenna unit is a design point of the triple polarized antenna unit.
In many application fields of array antennas, the beam scanning is mostly implemented by using the array antenna, for example, the phased array surveillance radar implements surveillance of the range by continuously scanning the beam in a certain spatial angle, and in this case, the wider the array scanning range, the wider the surveillance range can be. For array antennas, it is easy to realize electrical scanning in a small spatial angle, but when the scanning angle is increased to a certain value, the gain of the antenna array tends to drop sharply, that is, the array is difficult to realize wide-angle scanning. This is mainly due to three reasons. One is that typically the array factor itself will gradually decrease as the scan angle deviates from the array normal. Secondly, the directional patterns of most unit antennas, especially planar unit antennas, have directivity, the maximum direction is also in the normal direction, the unit directivity is also reduced when the maximum direction deviates from the normal direction, and therefore the total array directional pattern obtained by multiplying the array factors has the reduction of the directivity along with the increase of the scanning angle. In addition, when the antenna is in an array environment, due to the effect of mutual coupling, the active input impedance of the antenna unit changes with the scanning angle, and when the scanning angle becomes larger and larger, the active input impedance also changes obviously, which directly causes the matching of the antenna unit to be deteriorated, and the array gain to be reduced. Therefore, the adjustable unit directional diagram beam direction has strong practical application value for realizing a wide-angle scanning array for the array antenna.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
At present, a plane array basically adopts dual-polarized units for array formation, when the array is scanned at a large angle, the scanning gain is reduced quickly, that is, large-angle scanning is difficult to realize, and in order to avoid the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a triple-polarized unit with an adjustable directional diagram and an array antenna thereof.
Technical scheme
A three-polarization unit with an adjustable directional diagram is characterized by comprising a horizontal dual-polarization radiator, a vertical polarization radiator, a parasitic radiation structure, a metal bottom plate, a dielectric column and an orthogonal dielectric slab; the horizontal dual-polarized radiator comprises 4 fan-shaped radiating fins printed on the upper surface of the dielectric column; the vertical polarization radiator is composed of 4T-shaped radiating sheets connected at the upper parts, and is printed on the cylindrical surface of the dielectric column; the parasitic radiation structure consists of two trapezoidal radiation pieces and is printed on the surface of the orthogonal dielectric slab; the orthogonal medium plate is positioned on the medium column; the medium column is positioned on the metal bottom plate; the directional diagram can be regulated and controlled by regulating the size of the parasitic radiator, and the three-polarization unit directional diagram can be regulated and controlled by superposing the amplitude and the phase of different polarizations.
The angle of the fan-shaped radiation sheet is 30-60 degrees.
Two sides of the lower part of the T-shaped radiation piece adopt a bevel edge form.
The relative dielectric constant of the dielectric plate is 3.
The metal bottom plate is made of aluminum.
A one-dimensional linear array composed of three polarization units with adjustable directional diagrams is characterized by comprising 8 three polarization units with adjustable directional diagrams which are arranged in a straight line.
An array antenna composed of three polarization units with adjustable directional patterns is characterized by comprising 5-5 three polarization units with adjustable directional patterns.
Advantageous effects
According to the tri-polarization unit with the adjustable directional diagram, the tri-polarization array adopts the miniaturized tri-polarization units to form a planar array, the third polarization is added on the basis of dual polarization, and when the array is scanned at a large angle, the third polarization participates in radiation, so that the large-angle scanning of the array can be realized compared with the dual-polarization array under the same array condition.
Large angle scan of the triple polarized array: the directional regulation and control of the unit directional diagram are realized by utilizing a parasitic radiation structure or through the amplitude phase superposition of different polarization ports, and further the wide-angle scanning of the array is realized by regulating and controlling the directional direction of the unit directional diagram, and the triple polarization array can obtain a scanning range larger than that of a dual polarization array.
Compared with the prior art, the vertical polarization radiator part in the three polarization unit consists of 4 radiation sheets which are connected end to end. The vertical polarization is integrated under the horizontal dual polarization, so that the miniaturization of the triple polarization unit is realized. The directional method of the directional diagram of the triple polarization unit regulation and control unit comprises the following steps: the direction of the unit directional diagram can be regulated and controlled by a parasitic radiation structure above the triple polarization unit or by superposition of amplitudes and phases of different polarization ports. And the wide-angle scanning of the array is realized by regulating and controlling the direction of the unit directional diagram.
In summary, the vertical polarization is integrated under the horizontal dual polarization in the triple polarization unit, so that the triple polarization unit is miniaturized, the directional control of the unit directional diagram is realized by using a parasitic radiation structure or by superposing the amplitude phases of different polarization ports, and the wide-angle scanning of the array is realized by regulating the directional control of the unit directional diagram. Therefore, the antenna simultaneously realizes the miniaturization of the unit, the regulation and control of the directional diagram beam direction and the wide-angle scanning of the array. The tri-polarized array can achieve a scan range greater than that of the dual-polarized array.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the overall structure of a triple-polarized antenna unit of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of a vertically polarized radiator of a triple-polarized unit of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a perspective view of a portion of a vertically polarized radiator of a triple-polarized unit of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of a horizontal dual-polarized radiator portion of the antenna triple-polarized unit of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a perspective view of a portion of a parasitic radiator of a triple-polarized unit of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of a one-dimensional linear array model of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a two-dimensional planar array model of an antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a front-to-back comparison of a vertical polarization radiation pattern plus a parasitic structure of a triple-polarized unit of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a scanning gain diagram of a one-dimensional linear array of the antenna of the present invention at 0 °;
fig. 10 is a scanning gain diagram of a one-dimensional linear array of the antenna of the present invention at 30 °;
fig. 11 is a scanning gain diagram of a one-dimensional linear array of the antenna of the present invention at 60 °;
fig. 12 is a scanning gain diagram of the antenna one-dimensional linear array at 90 ° in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following examples and drawings:
the invention provides a triple-polarized unit with an adjustable directional diagram and an array antenna thereof, wherein the triple-polarized unit comprises a triple-polarized antenna unit, wherein the triple-polarized antenna unit consists of two horizontal orthogonal linear polarization radiation structures and a vertical polarization radiation structure; the vertical polarized radiator part of the tri-polarized unit consists of 4 gradually-changed radiation sheets with upper parts connected, and the horizontal dual-polarized radiator part consists of 4 fan-shaped radiation sheets; the parasitic radiation structure consists of two orthogonal gradient radiation pieces; and the metal bottom plate consists of metal blocks with certain thicknesses and is used as a reflecting plate and a supporting plate of the tri-polarization antenna unit.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the vertical polarization radiator part of the triple polarization unit consists of 4 gradually-changed radiation sheets connected at the upper part, the idea of a planar array is adopted, and the stability of a vertical polarization radiation directional diagram in the triple polarization unit is good under the action of an array factor.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the horizontal dual-polarized radiator part of the triple-polarized unit consists of 4 fan-shaped radiating fins, and the vertical polarization of the triple-polarized unit is integrated under the horizontal dual polarization, so that the miniaturization of the triple-polarized array antenna unit is realized.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the parasitic radiation structure is arranged above the triple polarized radiation unit, consists of two orthogonal gradient radiation sheets and is used for regulating and controlling a vertical polarized directional diagram in the triple polarized radiation unit, and the bandwidth of the directional diagram of the triple polarized unit can be widened by adopting the gradient structure.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the directional diagram of the three-polarization unit can be regulated and controlled by superposing the amplitude and the phase of different polarizations besides regulating and controlling the directional diagram by using a parasitic radiator.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the tri-polarization units can form a one-dimensional linear array, and large-angle scanning of the array is realized by superposing the amplitude and the phase of different polarization ports of the units.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the tri-polarization units can form a two-dimensional planar array, and wide-angle scanning of the array is realized by adjusting the ratio of the amplitude to the phase between the different polarizations of the units, namely the vertical polarization radiation mode in the tri-polarization units makes up for a performance degradation area of a horizontal polarization radiation mode, so that the array can be scanned at a large angle, and cross polarization is obviously reduced.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a directional diagram adjustable triple polarization and array antenna thereof, which includes 4 fan-shaped radiation sheets 101, wherein the fan-shaped radiation sheets 101 (with a radius of 2.75mm) are printed on the upper surface of a dielectric column 5 (with a relative dielectric constant of 3, a diameter of 5.5, and a height of 16mm) to form a horizontal dual-polarized radiator portion 1 of a triple polarization unit, and the feed is performed right below the horizontal dual-polarized radiator, and the feed, the coaxial line feed, etc. can be performed by using an electromagnetic coupling microstrip balun; the vertical polarization radiator part 2 of the triple polarization unit consists of 4 radiation pieces 201 with top parts connected, the vertical polarization radiator part 2 is printed on the cylindrical surface of a dielectric column 5, and the lower part of the vertical polarization radiator part 2 adopts an equal power division microstrip matching circuit for feeding; a parasitic radiation structure 3 (the lower bottom edge is 4mm, the upper edge length is 8mm, and the upper edge length is 10mm), two orthogonal and gradually-changed metals are adopted to form a directional diagram for regulating and controlling the three-polarization unit, and the parasitic radiation structure 3 is printed on the surface of a dielectric plate 6 (the relative dielectric constant is 3, the length is 8mm, the width is 0.5mm, and the height is 13 mm); a metal base plate 4 (made of aluminum and having a thickness of 2mm) is used as a support plate and a reflection plate of the antenna. The tri-polarization units can form a one-dimensional linear array 7, large-angle scanning of the array is realized by regulating and controlling the directional diagram of the tri-polarization units, the tri-polarization units can form a two-dimensional planar array 8, and wide-angle scanning of the array is realized by regulating the ratio of the different polarization amplitude and the phase of the units.
Multiple technologies are implemented together, so that the miniaturization and the regulation and control of the unit defense line graph of the triple-polarization unit in the antenna are realized, and the wide-angle scanning of the array is realized by regulating and controlling the unit directional diagram.
1. Emulated content
Please refer to fig. 5 to fig. 9. Simulation software is utilized to simulate the scanning conditions of the directional diagram and the one-dimensional linear array of the antenna tri-polarization unit in different angles.
2. Simulation result
Fig. 5 is a comparison graph of the vertical polarization patterns of the triple polarized antenna unit obtained by simulating the triple polarized unit in the embodiment before and after being tuned. The results show that: the directional deviation of directional diagram beams can be realized by regulating and controlling the directional diagram of the tri-polarization unit.
Fig. 6 to 9 show scanning patterns at different angles obtained by simulation of the one-dimensional linear arrays according to the embodiment. The results show that: by regulating and controlling the unit directional diagram, wide-angle scanning of the array can be realized.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not constitute any limitation to the present invention, and obviously, under the concept of the present invention, the structure, parameters and frequency of the present invention can be modified, so as to obtain the wide bandwidth beam dual polarization characteristic of the antenna of the present invention and achieve good co-existence of the antenna and the metal carrier, but these are all protected by the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A directional diagram adjustable triple polarized unit is characterized by comprising a horizontal dual polarized radiator (1), a vertical polarized radiator (2), a parasitic radiation structure (3), a metal bottom plate (4), a dielectric column (5) and an orthogonal dielectric slab (6); the horizontal dual-polarized radiator (1) comprises 4 fan-shaped radiating fins (101) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric column (5); the vertical polarization radiator (2) is composed of 4T-shaped radiating sheets (201) with upper parts connected, and the vertical polarization radiator (2) is printed on the cylindrical surface of the dielectric column (5); the parasitic radiation structure (3) consists of two trapezoidal radiation pieces and is printed on the surface of the orthogonal dielectric slab (6); the orthogonal medium plate (6) is positioned on the medium column (5); the medium column (5) is positioned on the metal bottom plate (4); the directional diagram can be regulated and controlled by regulating the size of the parasitic radiator (3), and the three-polarization unit directional diagram can be regulated and controlled by superposing the amplitude and the phase of different polarizations.
2. A directional pattern adjustable triple polarized unit according to claim 1, characterized in that said fan-shaped radiating fins (101) have an angle of 30 ° to 60 °.
3. A directional pattern adjustable triple polarized unit according to claim 1, characterized in that both lower sides of said T-shaped radiating plate (201) are formed as oblique sides.
4. A directivity pattern tunable triple polarized unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the dielectric plate (6) has a relative dielectric constant of 3.
5. A directivity-modulated triple polarized unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal base plate (4) is aluminum.
6. A one-dimensional linear array comprising the directivity-modulated triple-polarized unit of claim 1, wherein the array comprises 8 directivity-modulated triple-polarized units arranged in a line.
7. An array antenna comprising the pattern-tunable, tri-polarized element of claim 1, comprising 5 x 5 pattern-tunable tri-polarized elements.
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