CN112687916B - Hybrid energy storage system for fuel cell vehicle - Google Patents
Hybrid energy storage system for fuel cell vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN112687916B CN112687916B CN202011578571.5A CN202011578571A CN112687916B CN 112687916 B CN112687916 B CN 112687916B CN 202011578571 A CN202011578571 A CN 202011578571A CN 112687916 B CN112687916 B CN 112687916B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell automobile, which comprises a fuel cell, an air compressor, a storage battery, a pressure storage tank and a braking energy recovery device, wherein the air compressor is connected with the storage battery; the air compressor is connected with the fuel cell and is used for providing high-pressure air for the fuel cell; the storage battery is electrically connected with the braking energy recovery device and is used for storing the electric energy generated by the braking energy recovery device and supplying the electric energy to a fuel cell automobile as auxiliary energy; the pressure storage tank is connected with the air compressor and is used for storing high-pressure air generated by the air compressor when the air supply amount of the air compressor is larger than the air amount required by the fuel cell. The invention can reduce the waste of energy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell automobiles, in particular to a hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell automobile.
Background
The hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell automobile is the vehicle with the cleanest emission in the prior art, and is already put into practical use.
In the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell vehicle, the amount of power generation can be controlled by the amount of oxygen, and the amount of air can be appropriately larger than the required amount of air. Since the air compressor is usually rotated at a high speed, if the rotational speed of the air compressor is frequently adjusted, damage to the air compressor is easily caused. If the air compressor is not adjusted, the air compressor is always rotated with a large load, and thus energy is wasted.
Therefore, how to fully utilize the energy of the fuel cell automobile is one of the important problems to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell automobile, which solves the defects in the prior art and can reduce the waste of energy.
The invention provides a hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell automobile, which comprises a fuel cell, an air compressor, a storage battery, a pressure storage tank and a braking energy recovery device, wherein the air compressor is connected with the storage battery;
the air compressor is connected with the fuel cell and is used for providing high-pressure air for the fuel cell;
the storage battery is electrically connected with the braking energy recovery device and is used for storing the electric energy generated by the braking energy recovery device and supplying the electric energy to a fuel cell automobile as auxiliary energy;
the pressure storage tank is connected with the air compressor and is used for storing high-pressure air generated by the air compressor when the air supply amount of the air compressor is larger than the air amount required by the fuel cell.
The hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle as described above, wherein optionally, a hydrogen tank is further included, the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell providing hydrogen gas;
a first gas wheel is connected to the hydrogen tank in series, and the first gas wheel is connected with a generator; the generator is electrically connected with the storage battery;
the first gas turbine is arranged to drive the first gas turbine to rotate when hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell;
the generator is used for generating electric energy under the driving of the first gas turbine and charging the storage battery.
The hybrid energy storage system for the fuel cell automobile as described above, wherein optionally, a second gas turbine is further included, and the second gas turbine is connected with the generator;
the second gas turbine is connected with the pressure storage tank, and the second gas turbine is arranged to drive the generator to generate electricity under the driving of compressed air and charge the generated electric energy to the storage battery.
The hybrid energy storage system for the fuel cell vehicle optionally further comprises a hydrogen recovery tank, wherein a first elastic membrane is arranged in the hydrogen recovery tank and divides an inner cavity of the hydrogen recovery tank into a hydrogen cavity and a pressure cavity;
the hydrogen cavity and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell are connected with a hydrogen conveying pipe;
the hydrogen cavity is communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell so as to recycle unreacted hydrogen;
the pressure storage tank is also used for transmitting pressure to the pressure cavity so as to increase the pressure of the hydrogen cavity, and therefore the hydrogen in the hydrogen cavity flows to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell.
The hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle as described above, wherein optionally, further comprising a gas-liquid separator and a liquid recovery tank;
the gas-liquid separator is connected with an air outlet of the fuel cell;
a second elastic die is arranged in the liquid recovery tank and divides the liquid recovery tank into a liquid cavity and a control cavity;
the liquid cavity is communicated with a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the liquid cavity is communicated with the pressure cavity;
the control cavity is connected with the pressure storage tank, an air inlet of the air compressor and the second air wheel;
the pressure storage tank, the air inlet of the air compressor and the pressure cavity are connected through the three-way valve;
the three-way valve has two working states, in the first working state, an air inlet of the air compressor is communicated with the control cavity, the control cavity is in negative pressure, and water enters the liquid cavity from the gas-liquid separator; under the second operating condition, the pressure storage tank is communicated with the control cavity, the pressure of the pressure cavity is increased, and the water flows to the pressure cavity from the liquid cavity.
The hybrid energy storage system for the fuel cell automobile as described above, wherein optionally, a pressure relief tank is further included, and the pressure relief tank is connected with a network pipe between the air compressor and the fuel cell; the pressure relief tank is used for being communicated with the network pipe when the pressure in the network pipe is greater than the pressure at the outlet of the air compressor; and after the network pipe is disconnected with the pressure relief tank, exhausting gas.
The hybrid energy storage system for the fuel cell automobile as described above, wherein optionally, the pressure relief tank is connected to the second turbine, and the pressure relief tank is configured to be connected to the second turbine to drive the second turbine to rotate when exhausting.
The hybrid energy storage system for the fuel cell automobile optionally further comprises a bypass valve, wherein the bypass valve is connected with the first air wheel in parallel through a bypass pipeline;
the bypass valve is provided for opening when the pressure in the hydrogen tank is less than a set pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention can store and recover redundant high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor by arranging the pressure storage tank, thereby reducing the waste of energy and avoiding frequently changing the rotating speed of the air compressor to a certain extent.
Through concatenating first gas turbine on the hydrogen jar, the air current that produces when utilizing the hydrogen supply drives first gas turbine and rotates to generate electricity through the generator, this can effectively utilize the energy of high pressure hydrogen, thereby improve energy utilization.
Through communicating the pressure storage tank with the second gas turbine, the second gas turbine is driven to rotate by utilizing high-pressure gas in the pressure storage tank, so that power is generated by utilizing the generator, redundant high-pressure air can be fully utilized, and the recovery rate of energy is improved.
The high-pressure air in the pressure storage tank is utilized to pressurize the recovered hydrogen so as to realize the reuse of the hydrogen.
Through setting up the pressure release jar, when the pressure of network management is greater than the pressure of air compressor exit, carry out the pressure release to the network management to can prevent the phenomenon of air compressor surge that gas refluence and lead to. Meanwhile, the second gas turbine can be used for generating electricity by using the gas in the pressure relief tank so as to recycle the energy.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-fuel cell, 2-air compressor, 3-accumulator, 4-pressure storage tank, 5-braking energy recovery device, 6-hydrogen tank, 7-first turbine, 8-generator, 9-second turbine, 10-hydrogen recovery tank, 11-first elastic membrane, 12-hydrogen chamber, 13-pressure chamber, 14-gas-liquid separator, 15-liquid recovery tank, 16-second elastic membrane, 17-liquid chamber, 18-control chamber, 19-three-way valve, 20-pressure relief tank, 21-bypass valve.
Detailed Description
The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle, including a fuel cell 1, an air compressor 2, a storage battery 3, a pressure storage tank 4 and a braking energy recovery device 5; the braking energy recovery device 5 is the same as the braking energy recovery device 5 on the existing electric automobile and the existing fuel automobile, and can be realized by the technical personnel in the field. And will not be described in detail herein.
The air compressor 2 is connected to the fuel cell 1, and the air compressor 2 is configured to supply high-pressure air to the fuel cell 1. This is the same as the existing structure. Specifically, the air compressor 2 communicates with the air inlet of the fuel cell 1 through a mesh pipe.
The storage battery 3 is electrically connected with the braking energy recovery device 5, and the storage battery 3 is used for storing the electric energy generated by the braking energy recovery device 5 and supplying the electric energy to the fuel cell 1 for use by the automobile as auxiliary energy. Specifically, the vehicle may be driven to run, and the load on the vehicle may be supplied with electric energy.
The pressure storage tank 4 is connected to the air compressor 2, and the pressure storage tank 4 is configured to store high-pressure air generated by the air compressor 2 when the air supply amount of the air compressor 2 is larger than the air amount required by the fuel cell 1. The use of the pressure storage tank 4 is mainly to recover the main excess of high-pressure air. Because air compressor 2 rotational speed is higher, be not convenient for direct quick adjustment, through setting up pressure storage tank 4, when can realizing slow deceleration, retrieve unnecessary high-pressure air.
In specific implementation, the pressure in the hydrogen tank 6 is large, and the hydrogen tank can be used after being decompressed by a decompression valve during use, and the pressure of the hydrogen is released in the decompression process, wherein the contained energy is wasted. In order to solve the problem, the invention further provides an improved scheme:
a hydrogen tank 6, wherein the hydrogen tank 6 and the fuel cell 1 provide hydrogen gas; a first air wheel 7 is connected to the hydrogen tank 6 in series, and the first air wheel 7 is connected with a generator 8; the generator 8 is electrically connected with the storage battery 3; the first gas wheel 7 is arranged to drive the first gas wheel 7 to rotate when hydrogen is supplied to the fuel cell 1; the generator 8 is used for generating electric energy under the driving of the first gas turbine 7 and charging the storage battery 3. In practice, the first gas wheel 7 should be sealed to prevent hydrogen leakage. When the device is used, a pressure reducing valve is arranged on the hydrogen pipeline to ensure the pressure during hydrogen supply.
In order to make full use of the stored high-pressure air, the system further comprises a second turbine 9, and the second turbine 9 is connected with the generator 8; the second gas turbine 9 is connected with the pressure storage tank 4, and the second gas turbine 9 is configured to drive the generator 8 to generate electricity under the driving of compressed air and charge the battery 3 with the generated electricity. Thus, the energy of the high-pressure air can be converted into electric energy. Thus, although the overall energy is reduced due to efficiency problems, the proposed solution is clearly more reasonable than directly discharging this portion of high pressure air and causing damage to the air compressor.
As a better implementation manner, the hydrogen recovery device further comprises a hydrogen recovery tank 10, wherein a first elastic membrane 11 is arranged in the hydrogen recovery tank 10, and the first elastic membrane 11 divides an inner cavity of the hydrogen recovery tank 10 into a hydrogen cavity 12 and a pressure cavity 13; the hydrogen gas cavity 12 and a hydrogen gas inlet of the fuel cell 1 are connected with a hydrogen conveying pipe; the hydrogen chamber 12 is communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell 1 to recycle unreacted hydrogen; the pressure storage tank 4 is also used for transferring pressure to the pressure chamber 13 to increase the pressure of the hydrogen chamber 12, so that the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen chamber 12 flows to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell 1.
Specifically, the gas of the hydrogen gas chamber 12 should have a unidirectional flow characteristic, i.e., allowing hydrogen gas to be discharged only from the hydrogen gas outlet of the fuel cell 1 to the hydrogen gas chamber 12 and then to the hydrogen gas inlet end of the fuel cell. This function can be achieved by providing a one-way valve, which is not described in detail herein. Whereas the hydrogen recovery and pressurization are achieved by the pressure of the hydrogen itself, as well as pressurization and depressurization of the pressure chamber 13. Therefore, the pressure chamber 13 is further provided with an exhaust pipe, the exhaust pipe is provided with an electromagnetic valve, and when the hydrogen is recovered, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen chamber 12. When the hydrogen is reused, the electromagnetic valve is closed, the pressure cavity 13 is filled with high-pressure fluid, the first elastic membrane 11 compresses the hydrogen cavity 12, the pressure in the hydrogen cavity 12 is increased until the corresponding one-way valve is opened, and the hydrogen flows to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell.
Considering that when pressurizing the pressure, if high-pressure air is charged, on the one hand, sparks are easily generated due to air drying, and on the other hand, the air can be compressed, it is difficult to rapidly generate a volume change in the hydrogen chamber 12. The invention is also improved as follows:
also comprises a gas-liquid separator 14 and a liquid recovery tank 15; the gas-liquid separator 14 is connected to an air outlet of the fuel cell 1; a second elastic die 16 is arranged in the liquid recovery tank 15, and the second elastic die 16 divides the liquid recovery tank 15 into a liquid cavity 17 and a control cavity 18; the liquid chamber 17 communicates with the liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator 14, and the liquid chamber 17 communicates with the pressure chamber 13; the control cavity 18 is connected with the pressure storage tank 4, the air inlet of the air compressor 2 and the second air wheel 9; the pressure storage tank 4, the air inlet of the air compressor 2 and the pressure cavity 13 are all connected through the three-way valve 19; the three-way valve 19 has two working states, in the first working state, the air inlet of the air compressor 2 is communicated with the control cavity 18, the control cavity 18 is under negative pressure, and water enters the liquid cavity 17 from the gas-liquid separator 14; in the second operating state, the pressure reservoir 4 communicates with the control chamber 18, the pressure in the pressure chamber 13 increases, and the liquid chamber 17 flows into the pressure chamber 13. By providing a three-way valve, a change in the increase or decrease in pressure in the control chamber 18 can be achieved, thereby facilitating the control of the inflow or outflow of water in the fluid chamber 17. In order to achieve this effect, a one-way valve is provided on the corresponding pipeline, which can be realized by those skilled in the art and will not be described herein.
In the specific implementation, if the pressure at the outlet end of the air compressor 2 is smaller than the pressure of the mesh pipe, surge is generated, and the problem is solved. A pressure relief tank 20 is further included, and the pressure relief tank 20 is connected with a network pipe between the air compressor 2 and the fuel cell 1; the pressure relief tank 20 is used for communicating with the network pipe when the pressure in the network pipe is greater than the pressure at the outlet of the air compressor 2; and exhausts the gas after the mesh tube is disconnected from the pressure relief tank 20. After the pressure relief is completed, the high-pressure gas is wasted, and in order to further ensure the energy recovery effect, the pressure relief tank 20 is connected with the second turbine 9, and the pressure relief tank 20 is used for being connected with the second turbine 9 during the exhaust so as to drive the second turbine 9 to rotate.
When a large amount of hydrogen is used, the pressure in the hydrogen tank is reduced, electric energy can not be generated, and in order to ensure normal use of the hydrogen, the hydrogen generator further comprises a bypass valve 21, wherein the bypass valve 21 is connected with the first air wheel 7 in parallel through a bypass pipeline; the bypass valve 21 is provided for opening when the pressure in the hydrogen tank 6 is less than a set pressure.
Through the technical scheme, the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
the invention can store and recover redundant high-pressure gas generated by the air compressor by arranging the pressure storage tank, thereby reducing the waste of energy and avoiding frequently changing the rotating speed of the air compressor to a certain extent.
Through concatenating first gas turbine on the hydrogen jar, the air current that produces when utilizing the hydrogen supply drives first gas turbine and rotates to generate electricity through the generator, this can effectively utilize the energy of high pressure hydrogen, thereby improve energy utilization.
Through communicating the pressure storage tank with the second gas turbine, the second gas turbine is driven to rotate by utilizing high-pressure gas in the pressure storage tank, so that power is generated by utilizing the generator, redundant high-pressure air can be fully utilized, and the recovery rate of energy is improved.
The high-pressure air in the pressure storage tank is utilized to pressurize the recovered hydrogen so as to realize the reuse of the hydrogen.
Through setting up the pressure release jar, when the pressure of network management is greater than the pressure of air compressor exit, carry out the pressure release to the network management to can prevent the phenomenon of air compressor surge that gas refluence and lead to. Meanwhile, the second gas turbine can be used for generating electricity by using the gas in the pressure relief tank so as to recycle the energy.
In specific implementation, a pipeline connecting the control chamber 18 and the second turbine 9 is provided with an electromagnetic valve, so that when the pressure of the control chamber 18 is too high, the electromagnetic valve is opened, and the high-pressure gas in the control chamber 18 drives the second turbine 9 to rotate. Specifically, when water is required to be controlled to enter the liquid chamber 17 during use, the electromagnetic valve is opened, the three-way valve 19 is switched to the first working state, the electromagnetic valve is closed after the pressure is pressed down, the first working state of the three-way valve 19 is ensured, and the water inlet process is completed after the pressure is further reduced.
It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, the first turbine 7 and the second turbine 9 are both driven by the airflow to rotate, and those skilled in the art can understand and implement the rotation.
The construction, features and functions of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited by the drawings, and all equivalent embodiments modified or changed according to the idea of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention covered by the description and the drawings.
Claims (4)
1. A hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle, characterized by: comprises a fuel cell (1), an air compressor (2), a storage battery (3), a pressure storage tank (4) and a braking energy recovery device (5);
the air compressor (2) is connected with the fuel cell (1), and the air compressor (2) is used for providing high-pressure air for the fuel cell (1);
the storage battery (3) is electrically connected with the braking energy recovery device (5), and the storage battery (3) is used for storing electric energy generated by the braking energy recovery device (5) and supplying the electric energy to the fuel cell (1) for use by the automobile as auxiliary energy;
the pressure storage tank (4) is connected with the air compressor (2), and the pressure storage tank (4) is used for storing high-pressure air generated by the air compressor (2) when the air supply quantity of the air compressor (2) is larger than the air quantity required by the fuel cell (1);
the fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen tank (6), wherein the hydrogen tank (6) provides hydrogen for the fuel cell (1);
a first gas turbine (7) is connected to the hydrogen tank (6) in series, and the first gas turbine (7) is connected with a generator (8); the generator (8) is electrically connected with the storage battery (3);
the first gas turbine (7) is arranged for driving the first gas turbine (7) to rotate when supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell (1);
the generator (8) is used for generating electric energy under the driving of the first gas turbine (7) and charging the storage battery (3);
the system also comprises a second gas turbine (9), wherein the second gas turbine (9) is connected with the generator (8);
the second gas turbine (9) is connected with the pressure storage tank (4), and the second gas turbine (9) is arranged for driving the generator (8) to generate electricity under the driving of compressed air and charging the storage battery (3) with the generated electricity;
the hydrogen recovery device is characterized by further comprising a hydrogen recovery tank (10), wherein a first elastic membrane (11) is arranged in the hydrogen recovery tank (10), and the inner cavity of the hydrogen recovery tank (10) is divided into a hydrogen cavity (12) and a pressure cavity (13) by the first elastic membrane (11);
the hydrogen cavity (12) and a hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell (1) are connected with a hydrogen conveying pipe;
the hydrogen chamber (12) is communicated with a hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell (1) to recycle unreacted hydrogen;
the pressure storage tank (4) is also used for transmitting pressure to the pressure cavity (13) so as to increase the pressure of the hydrogen cavity (12), so that the hydrogen in the hydrogen cavity (12) flows to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell (1);
also comprises a gas-liquid separator (14) and a liquid recovery tank (15);
the gas-liquid separator (14) is connected with an air outlet of the fuel cell (1);
a second elastic die (16) is arranged in the liquid recovery tank (15), and the second elastic die (16) divides the liquid recovery tank (15) into a liquid cavity (17) and a control cavity (18);
the liquid cavity (17) is communicated with a liquid outlet of the gas-liquid separator (14), and the liquid cavity (17) is communicated with the pressure cavity (13);
the control cavity (18) is connected with the pressure storage tank (4), an air inlet of the air compressor (2) and the second air wheel (9);
the pressure storage tank (4), the air inlet of the air compressor (2) and the pressure cavity (13) are connected through the three-way valve (19);
the three-way valve (19) has two working states, in the first working state, an air inlet of the air compressor (2) is communicated with the control cavity (18), the control cavity (18) is in negative pressure, and water enters the liquid cavity (17) from the gas-liquid separator (14); in a second operating state, the pressure reservoir (4) is connected to the control chamber (18), the pressure in the pressure chamber (13) increases, and water flows from the liquid chamber (17) to the pressure chamber (13).
2. The hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel cell system also comprises a pressure relief tank (20), wherein the pressure relief tank (20) is connected with a network pipe between the air compressor (2) and the fuel cell (1); the pressure relief tank (20) is used for being communicated with the network pipe when the pressure in the network pipe is greater than the pressure at the outlet of the air compressor (2); and after the network pipe is disconnected with the pressure relief tank (20), exhausting gas.
3. The hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: the pressure relief tank (20) is connected with the second turbine (9), and the pressure relief tank (20) is used for being connected with the second turbine (9) when exhausting so as to drive the second turbine (9) to rotate.
4. The hybrid energy storage system for a fuel cell vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: the system also comprises a bypass valve (21), wherein the bypass valve (21) is connected with the first turbine (7) in parallel through a bypass pipeline;
the bypass valve (21) is provided for opening when the pressure in the hydrogen tank (6) is less than a set pressure.
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| WO2024041853A1 (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2024-02-29 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Fuel cell operating device and fuel cell operating method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114204072B (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2023-11-14 | 山东交通学院 | Air supply system for fuel cell automobile and control method |
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