CN112684609A - Aperture-division compact type wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device and system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device and system with different apertures. The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the real-time detection and identification of a target, particularly a high-speed moving target are difficult to realize in the existing polarization imaging system under the complex background of low contrast or target camouflage and the like. A first reflector, a first lens group, a second lens group, a third reflector and a fourth reflector of the device are sequentially arranged along an optical axis; the second reflector is positioned between the first reflector and the third reflector, and the centers of the second reflector and the third reflector are both provided with light through holes a; the first lens group and the second lens group are arranged at a light through hole a on the second reflector; the first reflector is opposite to the reflecting surface of the second reflector, and the third reflector is opposite to the reflecting surface of the fourth reflector; the telescope objective unit and the focus-reducing collimation objective unit form an afocal system; the entrance pupil surfaces of the four imaging objective lens units are all positioned on the exit pupil surface of the afocal system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a polarization simultaneous imaging device and a system, in particular to a compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device and a system with different apertures.
Background
The existing target detection imaging methods mainly comprise photometric imaging, spectral imaging and polarization imaging.
Photometric imaging is difficult to realize in the face of situations where the target light intensity is similar to the background light intensity. With the development of novel special (camouflage and hiding) materials and the application of the novel special (camouflage and hiding) materials on targets, the camouflage and hiding performance of the targets is greatly improved, and photometric imaging is gradually insufficient. Spectral imaging is easily interfered, stability is poor, spectral range is short, and the method is difficult to adapt to complex application environments such as diversified targets. Therefore, under complex backgrounds such as low contrast, the existing photometric imaging and spectral imaging methods are difficult to realize accurate detection and identification of objects, and are more difficult to accurately identify disguised targets and potential threats under the complex backgrounds.
The polarization imaging is realized by collecting information of polarized light generated by reflecting natural light by a target, and the collected information is subjected to technical processing, so that the contrast information of the target image to be detected can be improved, and simultaneously, multi-dimensional information such as appearance characteristics, surface material characteristics, surface roughness and the like of the target image can be obtained.
The existing polarization imaging system mainly comprises a time sequence type polarization imaging system, an interference type polarization imaging system and a space domain type polarization imaging system. The time sequence type polarization imaging system cannot acquire the polarization information of the target in real time and has the defect of large information error, so that the real-time acquisition of the polarization information of the moving target, particularly the high-speed moving target, is difficult to realize. The interference type polarization imaging system has the problems of single working wavelength and multi-band crosstalk easiness, a certain time is required for resolving interference fringes, the requirement on the performance of a computer is high, and the environment of an imaging field generally cannot meet the harsh use requirement of the interference type polarization imaging system. For the airspace type polarization imaging system, due to the adoption of the structural form of amplitude division, mutual exclusion exists in the aspects of high resolution and compactness requirements, so that the system has the problems of large volume, low resolution, high assembly difficulty and the like. The structural form of simultaneous acquisition of multiple systems has the disadvantages of large size, heavy weight, poor stability, high cost and the like.
Chinese patent publication No. CN111750997A discloses an optical imaging detection device based on polarization time-sharing spectrum synchronization, in which an optical system of the device is divided into an imaging unit and a time-sharing polarization spectrum conversion unit, and different polarization information of a target can be obtained by time-sharing polarization spectrum conversion unit characteristics. The optical system has the defects of low spatial resolution and overlong axial length of the system, when a moving target is imaged, different polarisations of the target cannot be acquired in real time at the same moment, high-resolution imaging of the high-speed moving target in a complex environment cannot be met, and the optical system has the defects of large principle error, low data reliability and the like which are difficult to overcome.
In summary, under complex backgrounds such as low contrast or target camouflage, the existing polarization imaging system is difficult to realize real-time detection and identification of targets, especially high-speed moving targets.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing polarization imaging system is difficult to realize the real-time detection and identification of a target, particularly a high-speed moving target under the complex background of low contrast or target camouflage and the like, and provides a compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device and system with different apertures.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution provided by the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device with split apertures, which is characterized in that:
the device comprises a telescope objective unit for collecting target information, a focusing collimator objective unit which is the same as a compression and collimation optical path, and four imaging objective units for correcting imaging;
the telescopic objective lens unit comprises a first reflector, a second reflector and a first lens group;
the zooming collimating objective unit comprises a third reflector, a fourth reflector and a second lens group;
the first reflector, the first lens group, the second lens group, the third reflector and the fourth reflector are sequentially arranged along an optical axis;
the second reflector is arranged along the optical axis and positioned between the first reflector and the third reflector, and light through holes a are formed in the centers of the second reflector and the third reflector; the first lens group and the second lens group are arranged at a light through hole a on the second reflector and used for correcting residual aberration;
the reflecting surfaces of the first reflector and the second reflector are opposite to form a first folding structure, and the reflecting surfaces of the third reflector and the fourth reflector are opposite to form a second folding structure for compressing the axial length;
the telescope objective lens unit and the focus-reducing collimator objective lens unit form an afocal system; the entrance pupil surfaces of the four imaging objective lens units are all located on the exit pupil surface of the afocal system and are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the optical axis as the center, so that the afocal system and the four imaging objective lens units are spliced.
Further, the imaging objective unit comprises a fifth reflector, a sixth reflector, a third lens group and a polaroid which are coaxially and sequentially arranged;
a light through hole c is formed in the center of the sixth reflector;
the fifth reflector is opposite to the reflecting surface of the sixth reflector to form a third folding structure;
the third lens group is used for residual aberration correction.
Further, the compression ratio of the axial length of the afocal system is
：
Wherein,
TTLAis the axial distance from the front surface of the first mirror to the rear surface of the fourth mirror.
Further, the angular magnification of the afocal system is
， 
。
Further, the deviation distances of the four imaging objective units from the optical axis are all d, and the deviation distances d and the total focal length ƒ of the telescopic objective unit, the focusing collimator objective unit and the imaging objective unit satisfy the following relations:
the total focal length ƒ of the telescope objective unit, the convergent collimator objective unit and the imaging objective unit, and the total length from the rear surface of the first reflector to the rear image surface b of the polaroid of the imaging objective unitTTLAnd the axial distance from the emergent surface of the third lens group to the image surface bBFLThe three satisfy the following relational expression:
further, the diameter of the third reflector
Diameter of the sixth reflector
The following relation is satisfied:
。
further, a total focal length of the first lens group and the second lens group
Satisfies the following formula:
further, the four polarizing plates of the four imaging objective units are 0 °, 60 °, and 120 ° polarizing plates in order in the circumferential direction, and a circularly polarizing plate.
Further, the first reflector, the third reflector, the fourth reflector, the fifth reflector and the sixth reflector are hyperboloid mirrors; the second reflector is a parabolic mirror.
The invention also provides a compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging system with split apertures, which is characterized in that: the compact type wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device based on the aperture division further comprises a computer and four detectors connected with the computer, wherein the four detectors are located at four image surfaces b and used for obtaining four groups of polarization images only containing single polarization state information, and the computer is used for processing and calculating the four groups of polarization images to obtain Stokes matrix information of a target.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the aperture-dividing compact type wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device and system, the optical scheme that the afocal system is formed in the form of the turn-back structure is adopted, the axial length of the system is compressed, the compactness of the system is improved, the compression ratio of the axial length of the front afocal system to be more than 10 times is realized, and the volume, the length and the weight of the system are greatly reduced.
2. According to the aperture-splitting compact type wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device and system, the system adopts a wide spectrum band for imaging, and can cope with characteristic response spectrum bands of different targets in a complex environment, so that the device and the system can be suitable for the complex environment and provide high reliability and sensitivity.
3. According to the compact wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device and system with the aperture division, the afocal system and the four foldback imaging objective lens units are spliced to form the polarization imaging device, the four imaging objective lens units realize aperture division imaging, and the structure has the advantages of being good in real-time performance, compact in device structure, high in energy density in the device and the like.
4. According to the aperture-division compact type wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device and system, multi-dimensional information such as target surface material characteristics and surface roughness which cannot be measured by the traditional means can be obtained by processing collected information, and a three-dimensional model containing the information such as the target surface material can be obtained by a three-dimensional reconstruction technology.
5. The invention provides a compact wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device and system with split apertures, which have the important advantages that the total luminous flux is improved through a front group, the luminous flux density of the unit section in a rear group of light path is higher, the energy loss caused by a polaroid is favorably compensated, the image signal to noise ratio is increased, the work with shorter integration time is realized, and the imaging quality degradation caused by image shift due to the fact that the integration time is prolonged due to insufficient energy is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first lens group and the second lens group of the compact broadband polarization simultaneous imaging device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an imaging objective unit on a single polarized light channel of the compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to the present invention;
fig. 4 to 6 are arrow indicating diagrams of 25 lens faces of table 1 in the embodiment, in which the 9 th face is a virtual face (a face which does not exist in reality, and is not shown in the drawings);
FIG. 7 is a simulated MTF (modulation transfer function) curve of a 0-degree polarized light channel of the present invention operating in a spectral range of 450nm to 850nm, which represents the imaging quality in the meridian direction;
fig. 8 is a simulated MTF (modulation transfer function) curve of the 60 ° polarized light channel of the present invention when operating in a spectrum range of 450nm to 850nm, which represents the imaging quality in the sagittal direction.
Description of reference numerals:
101-first mirror, 102-second mirror, 103-first lens group;
201-third mirror, 202-fourth mirror, 203-second lens group;
301-fifth mirror, 302-sixth mirror, 303-third lens group, 304-polarizer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the invention provides a compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device with a split aperture, which can detect and identify a target, especially a high-speed moving target in real time under a complex background such as low contrast or target camouflage. The device consists of three parts, including a telescope objective unit for collecting target information, a focusing collimator objective unit which is the same as a compression and collimation light path, and four imaging objective units for positive imaging (light containing different polarization state information of the target is converged on an image surface b); the first two units form an afocal system; the telescopic objective lens unit includes a first mirror 101, a second mirror 102, and a first lens group 103; the zooming collimating objective unit comprises a third reflector 201, a fourth reflector 202 and a second lens group 203; the first reflector 101, the first lens group 103, the second lens group 203, the third reflector 201 and the fourth reflector 202 are arranged in sequence along an optical axis; the second reflector 102 is arranged along the optical axis and positioned between the first reflector 101 and the third reflector 201, and the centers of the second reflector 102 and the third reflector 201 are both provided with a light through hole a; the first lens group 103 and the second lens group 203 are combined as a correction lens combination which is arranged at the light-passing hole a on the second reflector 102 and is used for residual aberration correction; the first reflector 101 is opposite to the reflecting surface of the second reflector 102 to form a first folding structure, and the third reflector 201 is opposite to the reflecting surface of the fourth reflector 202 to form a second folding structure for compressing the axial length.
The four entrance pupil surfaces of the imaging objective lens units are all located on the exit pupil surface of the afocal system to divide the exit pupil, the optical axis is used as the center to be uniformly distributed along the same circumference, namely, an xy coordinate system is established by taking the optical axis as the original point, the four imaging objective lens units are integrally deviated from the direction of +/-x and +/-y around the optical axis respectively, the afocal system and the four imaging objective lens units are spliced to form the polarization imaging device, and the polarization imaging device has the advantages of being good in real-time performance, compact in structure, high in energy density in the device and the like.
The imaging objective unit comprises a fifth reflector 301, a sixth reflector 302, a third lens group 303 and a polaroid 304 which are coaxially and sequentially arranged; a light through hole c is formed in the center of the sixth reflector 302; the reflecting surfaces of the fifth reflector 301 and the sixth reflector 302 are opposite to each other, so that a third folding structure is formed, and the axial length of the device can be remarkably reduced by the three sets of folding structures; the third lens group 303 is used for residual aberration correction. Of course, the imaging objective unit can be replaced by a transmissive structure, but this results in an increased overall length and weight of the system.
The first reflector 101, the third reflector 201, the fourth reflector 202, the fifth reflector 301 and the sixth reflector 302 are hyperboloid reflectors; the second mirror 102 is a parabolic mirror (one of hyperboloidal mirrors).
The compression ratio of the axial length of the coke-free system is
：
Wherein,
TTLAis the axial distance from the front surface of first mirror 101 to the back surface of fourth mirror 202, i.e., the overall length of the afocal system.
The angular magnification of the afocal system is
，
And the diameter of the exit pupil of the afocal system is compressed by the magnification of the afocal system, so that the energy density at the exit pupil of the afocal system and in the imaging objective lens unit at the rear end of the exit pupil is improved.
The deviation distances of the four imaging objective lens units from the optical axis are all d, and the deviation distances d and the total focal length ƒ of the telescopic objective lens unit, the zooming collimation objective lens unit and the imaging objective lens unit satisfy the following relational expression:
telescope objective lensThe total focal length of the unit, the convergent-divergent objective unit and the imaging objective unit (i.e. the total focal length of the device) ƒ, and the total length from the rear surface of the first mirror 101 to the rear image surface b of the polarizer 304 of the imaging objective unit (i.e. the total length of the device)TTLAnd the axial distance from the exit surface of the third lens group 303 to the image surface bBFLThe three satisfy the following relational expression:
the diameter of the third mirror 201 (i.e. the clear aperture of the convergent-divergent objective lens unit)
With the diameter of the sixth mirror 302 (diameter of the entrance pupil of the imaging objective unit)
The following relation is satisfied:
total focal length of the first lens group 103 and the second lens group 203
Satisfies the following formula:
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an imaging objective unit with a single polarized light channel, and the total system has four groups of channels; the polarizers 304 in the respective states of the four sets of channels are 0 °, 60 °, 120 ° and circularly polarizing polarizers in this order along the circumference. Wherein the 0-degree polarized light channel is positioned in the + x direction; the 60-degree polarized light channel is positioned in the + y direction; the 120 polarized light channel is located in the-x direction.
The invention also provides a compact wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging system with the aperture division, which is based on the compact wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device with the aperture division, and further comprises a computer and four detectors connected with the computer, wherein the four detectors are positioned at the four image planes b and are used for obtaining four groups of polarization images only containing single polarization state information, the computer is used for processing and calculating the four groups of polarization images to obtain Stokes matrix information of a target, and information of other dimensions of the target is obtained through other technical processing.
In the device and the system, the three units all adopt the turn-back type structure, particularly the first two units adopt the turn-back type structure, the axial length of the system is greatly compressed, and the compression ratio is more than 10 times.
The whole system works as follows:
light reflected or emitted by the target is collected into the system through the second reflector 102, and reaches the primary image surface b in the first lens group 103 through the first reflector 101; then reflected by the fourth reflector 202, collimated by the third reflector 201 and emitted; the image is transmitted into an imaging objective unit at the exit pupil, and after passing through a polarizing plate 304, a polarization image only containing single polarization state information is obtained at an image plane b, stokes matrix information of the target is obtained by processing four groups of polarization images, and information of other dimensions of the target is obtained by processing other technologies (multi-dimensional information such as target surface material characteristics and surface roughness, which cannot be measured by the traditional means, can be obtained by processing acquired information, and a three-dimensional model containing information such as target surface material can be obtained by a three-dimensional reconstruction technology).
Examples
The technical indexes are as follows:
total length of optical systemTTL：830mm；
Total focal length of system ƒ: 2000 mm;
angular magnification of afocal system
：6；
Optical system aperture FNO: 10;
optical system field angle: 0.42 degree;
the optical system uses a band range: 450nm to 850 nm.
Structural parameters of each lens in the aperture-dividing compact type wide-waveband polarization simultaneous imaging device are as follows:
in the table, Mirror and SILICA — specific are fused SILICA. Fig. 4 to 6 are arrow-indicating diagrams of 25 lens faces of table 1 above, in which the 9 th face is a virtual face (a face that does not exist in reality, so is not shown in the drawings);
fig. 7 is a simulated MTF (modulation transfer function) curve of a 0 ° polarized light channel when the wavelength is in the spectral range of 450nm to 850nm, which represents the imaging quality in the meridional direction, and it can be seen from the graph that at the nyquist frequency of 50 lp/mm, the MTF values of 0, 0.5, 0.707, 0.866 and 1 fields are all above 0.4 and close to the diffraction limit (dashed line in the graph), and good imaging quality is achieved.
Fig. 8 is a simulated MTF (modulation transfer function) curve of a 60 ° polarized light channel when operating in a spectral range of wavelengths 450nm to 850nm, which shows the imaging quality in the sagittal direction, and it can be seen from the graph that at a nyquist frequency of 50 lp/mm, the MTF values of 0, 0.5, 0.707, 0.866 and 1 fields are all above 0.4 and close to the diffraction limit, and good imaging quality is achieved.
Of course, the material of each lens is not limited to the above table, and the material of each lens can be adjusted according to specific requirements in use.
Further, when the operating band is wide or when high transmittance is pursued, the correction lens combination of the first lens group 103 and the second lens group 203 may be eliminated. Thus, the image quality of the afocal system is degraded, but the aberration can be corrected moderately by adding a correction lens group to the following imaging objective unit, or the aberration compensation correction can be performed by introducing an aspheric surface or a free-form surface into the first mirror 101, the second mirror 102, the third mirror 201 and the fourth mirror 202, so that the number of lenses is reduced, and the refractive surface is further reduced, and thus the energy loss of the system is improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the same, and it is obvious for a person skilled in the art to modify the specific technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or to substitute part of the technical features, and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions protected by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A kind of wide band polarization of compact that divides the aperture is formed the image device at the same time, characterized by:
the device comprises a telescope objective unit for collecting target information, a focusing collimator objective unit which is the same as a compression and collimation optical path, and four imaging objective units for correcting imaging;
the telescopic objective lens unit comprises a first reflector (101), a second reflector (102) and a first lens group (103);
the zooming collimating objective unit comprises a third reflector (201), a fourth reflector (202) and a second lens group (203);
the first reflector (101), the first lens group (103), the second lens group (203), the third reflector (201) and the fourth reflector (202) are sequentially arranged along an optical axis;
the second reflector (102) is arranged along the optical axis and is positioned between the first reflector (101) and the third reflector (201), and the centers of the second reflector (102) and the third reflector (201) are both provided with a light through hole a; the first lens group (103) and the second lens group (203) are arranged at a light-passing hole a on the second reflector (102) and used for residual aberration correction;
the first reflector (101) is opposite to the reflecting surface of the second reflector (102) to form a first folding structure, and the third reflector (201) is opposite to the reflecting surface of the fourth reflector (202) to form a second folding structure for compressing the axial length;
the telescope objective lens unit and the focus-reducing collimator objective lens unit form an afocal system; the entrance pupil surfaces of the four imaging objective lens units are all located on the exit pupil surface of the afocal system and are uniformly distributed along the same circumference by taking the optical axis as the center, so that the afocal system and the four imaging objective lens units are spliced.
2. The apertured compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to claim 1, wherein:
the imaging objective unit comprises a fifth reflector (301), a sixth reflector (302), a third lens group (303) and a polaroid (304) which are coaxially and sequentially arranged;
the center of the sixth reflector (302) is provided with a light through hole c;
the reflecting surface of the fifth reflector (301) is opposite to the reflecting surface of the sixth reflector (302) to form a third folding structure;
the third lens group (303) is used for residual aberration correction.
3. The small aperture compact wide band simultaneous polarization imaging device of claim 1 or 2, wherein:
the compression ratio of the axial length of the coke-free system is
：
Wherein,
TTLAis the first reflectionAxial distance of the front surface of the mirror (101) to the rear surface of the fourth mirror (202).
4. The apertured compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to claim 3, wherein:
the angular magnification of the afocal system is
，
。
5. The apertured compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to claim 4, wherein:
the deviation distances between the four imaging objective lens units and the optical axis are d, and the deviation distances d are equal to the total focal length of the telescopic objective lens unit, the zooming collimation objective lens unit and the imaging objective lens unit
The following relational expression is satisfied:
total focal length of telescopic objective lens unit, focusing collimator objective lens unit and imaging objective lens unit
And the total length from the rear surface of the first reflector (101) to the rear image surface b of the polarizer (304) of the imaging objective unitTTLAnd the axial distance from the exit surface of the third lens group (303) to the image surface bBFLThe three satisfy the following relational expression:
6. the apertured compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to claim 5, wherein:
diameter of the third reflector (201)
And the diameter of the sixth reflector (302)
The following relation is satisfied:
7. the aperture-splitting, compact, wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging system of claim 6, wherein:
a total focal length of the first lens group (103) and the second lens group (203)
Satisfies the following formula:
8. the apertured compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to claim 7, wherein:
the four polarizers (304) of the four imaging objective units are 0 °, 60 ° and 120 ° polarizers in order in the circumferential direction, and a circularly polarizing polarizer.
9. The apertured compact wide-band simultaneous polarization imaging device according to claim 8, wherein:
the first reflector (101), the third reflector (201), the fourth reflector (202), the fifth reflector (301) and the sixth reflector (302) are hyperboloidal reflectors; the second mirror (102) is a parabolic mirror.
10. The utility model provides a wide band polarization simultaneous imaging system of compact of branch aperture which characterized in that: the aperture-dividing compact wide-band polarization simultaneous imaging device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a computer and four detectors connected thereto, wherein the four detectors are located at the four image planes b and are used for obtaining four groups of polarization images only containing single polarization state information, and the computer is used for processing and calculating the four groups of polarization images to obtain stokes matrix information of a target.
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| US6323946B1 (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2001-11-27 | Kla-Tencor Corporation | Spectroscopic measurement system using curved mirror |
| CN103140803A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2013-06-05 | 卡尔蔡司Smt有限责任公司 | Imaging optical system for microlithography |
| CN209674115U (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-11-22 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所 | Reflective REAL TIME INFRARED THERMAL IMAGE polarizes double separate imaging optical systems |
| CN111750997A (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2020-10-09 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Optical imaging detection device based on polarization time-sharing spectrum synchronization |
| CN111896480A (en) * | 2020-08-12 | 2020-11-06 | 长春理工大学 | Off-axis broadband reflection type simultaneous polarization imaging system |
| CN112432707A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2021-03-02 | 天津大学 | Polarization aperture-division and multispectral imaging device for infrared band |
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| CN113835205A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-24 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Catadioptric imaging telescopic optical system |
| CN113835205B (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-05-12 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | Refractive and reflective imaging telescopic optical system |
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