CN112683822B - 基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法 - Google Patents

基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法 Download PDF

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CN112683822B
CN112683822B CN202011501623.9A CN202011501623A CN112683822B CN 112683822 B CN112683822 B CN 112683822B CN 202011501623 A CN202011501623 A CN 202011501623A CN 112683822 B CN112683822 B CN 112683822B
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CN112683822A (zh
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刘乃森
刘福霞
李文清
吉书雯
朱星月
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Huaiyin Normal University
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Abstract

本发明公开了基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法,利用地物光谱仪采集目标地物的570~580nm和600~610nm可见光光谱反射率数据,基于一阶导数光谱,构建了植被与非植被识别指数VPNPAD,该指数抗干扰能力强,可稳定、准确的识别植被和非植被。

Description

基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法
技术领域
本发明涉及自然生态环境的检测领域,更具体地说,它涉及一种基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法。
背景技术
植被作为生态系统最重要的组成部分,在地球的能量转化和物质循环中发挥着不可替代的作用。利用遥感技术大范围快速监测植被状况得到广泛运用,识别植被与非植被有助于计算植被覆盖度。此外,在某些领域从植被群体中辨识绿色人工伪装物有着重要的应用价值。
廖小露等以“类内密度最大,类间距离最大”为原则,对挑选的可见光和近红外波段,使用改进的投影寻踪方法区分绿色植被和道路、土壤等非植被,但该技术需要的光谱波段多,达8个,增加了技术的应用成本,同时该技术未涉及人工绿色伪装植被的区分(廖小露, 刘嘉, 周兴霞. 地空同步试验高光谱影像特征提取与分类[J]. 国土资源遥感,2019,31(03): 65-71)。刘志明等将780~1300nm“近红外高原”的反射光谱压缩转换到380~780nm可见光范围内,然后成像,通过颜色的变化区分植被与绿色伪装涂料,但该技术需要的光谱波段过多,达260个以上,(刘志明, 胡碧茹, 吴文健, 等. 高光谱探测绿色涂料伪装的光谱成像研究[J]. 光子学报, 2009,38(04): 885-890)。
为解决上述在植被与非植被分类时,光谱波段过多,或无法识别人工绿色伪装植被的缺陷,发明了基于可见光的植被与非植被鉴别方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种解决上述问题的基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法,利用植被与非植被一阶导数光谱的形状差异,构建植被与非植被的识别指数。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供了如下技术方案:
基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法,其特征在于:
(一)采集目标地物570~580nm范围内各波段的光谱反射率,求各波段的一阶导数光谱;采集目标地物600~610nm范围内各波段的光谱反射率,求各波段的一阶导数光谱;
(二)计算570~580nm范围内一阶导数光谱的平均值,计算600~610nm范围内一阶导数光谱的平均值;
(三)计算识别指数VPNPAD,570~580nm范围内的一阶导数光谱,绿色植被呈轻微的上升趋势,且有集中现象,红色植被呈大幅度的上升趋势,非植被则较为平坦,但非植被中的人造绿色草坪呈下降趋势,红色植被导数光谱数值远大于植被和非植被,非植被的一阶导数光谱数值介于绿色植被与红色植被之间,因此基于光谱数值大小几乎无法识别区分植被与非植被,但无论植被、非植被一阶导数光谱数值的大小如何,其光谱形状却是稳定的,因此利用光谱形状可较好的识别区分植被与非植被,植被和非植被在一阶导数光谱形状的斜率方面有着显著的差异,基于一阶导数光谱斜率构建的识别指数VPNPAD如下,
(四)识别植被与非植被,当VPNPAD≥0时,目标物为植被,当VPNPAD<0时,目标物为非植被。
本发明有益效果:
本发明技术仅使用可见光,无红外波段,地物光谱数据容易获取,本技术易于使用;本发明构建的指数可准确的识别植被与非植被,抗干扰能力强,红叶植物、植物的花可被准确的识别为植被,人工绿色伪植被可准确的与植被区分开,接近于枯黄的植物仍可被准确的识别为植被。
附图说明
图1为植被与非植被一阶导数光谱曲线;
图2实施例一的植被与非植被识别效果图;
图3实施例二的植被与非植被识别效果图;
具体实施方式
实施例1:
1.光谱采集
使用美国ASD公司(Analytical Spectral Devices)的Field Spec 4地物光谱仪采集植被与非植被光谱数据,可见光波段的采样间隔为1.4nm,选择晴朗无风的天气进行植被光谱测量,时间控制在10:00~14:00。测量的植被有刺柏、野豌豆、红叶石楠、海桐、月季、麦冬和杂草,非植被有水泥道路、裸地、塑胶跑道和人造草坪作。
2.构建植被与非植被的识别指数
计算570~580nm范围内光谱的一阶导数,并计算一阶导数光谱的平均值;计算600~610nm范围内光谱的一阶导数,并计算一阶导数光谱的平均值;计算识别指数VPNPAD,
地物的VPNPAD见图2,植被的数值大于等于0,非值被数值均小于0,VPNPAD对植被与非植被的识别完全正确。
实施例2:
1.光谱采集
使用美国ASD公司(Analytical Spectral Devices)的Field Spec 4地物光谱仪采集植被与非植被光谱数据,可见光波段的采样间隔为1.4nm,选择晴朗无风的天气进行植被光谱测量,时间控制在10:00~14:00。测量的植被有生菜、蚕豆叶、玉米叶、黄杨、小麦(成熟)、油菜(成熟),非植被有柏油路、砖块道路。
2.构建植被与非植被的识别指数
计算570~580nm范围内光谱的一阶导数,并计算一阶导数光谱的平均值;计算600~610nm范围内光谱的一阶导数,并计算一阶导数光谱的平均值;计算识别指数VPNPAD,
地物的VPNPAD见图3,植被的数值大于等于0,非值被数值均小于0,VPNPAD对植被与非植被的识别完全正确。

Claims (1)

1.基于可见光波段的植被与非植被识别方法,其特征在于:
(一)采集目标地物570~580nm范围内各波段的光谱反射率,求各波段的一阶导数光谱;采集目标地物600~610nm范围内各波段的光谱反射率,求各波段的一阶导数光谱;
(二)计算570~580nm范围内一阶导数光谱的平均值,计算600~610nm范围内一阶导数光谱的平均值;
(三)计算识别指数VPNPAD
(四)识别植被与非植被,当VPNPAD≥0时,目标物为植被,当VPNPAD<0时,目标物为非植被。
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