CN112683120A - Method for blasting frozen soil layer of surface mine - Google Patents
Method for blasting frozen soil layer of surface mine Download PDFInfo
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- CN112683120A CN112683120A CN202011541368.0A CN202011541368A CN112683120A CN 112683120 A CN112683120 A CN 112683120A CN 202011541368 A CN202011541368 A CN 202011541368A CN 112683120 A CN112683120 A CN 112683120A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for blasting frozen soil layers of surface mines, which comprises the following steps: s1: measuring the thickness h of the frozen soil layer; s2: determining the depth of the blast hole, wherein the depth of the blast hole is h1，h10.75-0.85 h; s3: arranging the blast holes, namely arranging the blast holes into rows of holes, wherein the row pitch of the blast holes is a, a is +/-5% L, the hole pitch of the blast holes is b, and b is +/-5% L; s4: the center position of the enclosed area of four adjacent blasting holes is provided with a pilot hole, the depth of the pilot hole is H, H>h, the distance from the auxiliary blasting hole to the blasting hole is w, w<a and b; s5: determining the explosive quantity in the blast holes, wherein q is kV-kbHw, q is the explosive quantity contained in each blast hole, k is the unit consumption of the explosive, and V is the blasting of each blast holeFrozen soil volume; s6: charging and sealing; s7: and (6) detonating. The invention has the beneficial effects that: through the alternative arrangement of the blasting holes and the auxiliary blasting holes, the outdoor frozen soil layer blasting is facilitated, the blasting efficiency is enabled to be the best, and the explosive quantity is not wasted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blasting, in particular to a method for blasting a frozen soil layer of a surface mine.
Background
In a non-freezing state, the rock mass has cracks or bedding with the same degree, but after freezing, part or all of the cracks are adhered, so that the rock mass shows high identity, and simultaneously, the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass are greatly changed, firstly, the elastic modulus of the rock mass is multiplied, and secondly, the resistance of the rock mass to the tensile force and the shearing force generated after explosive explosion is enhanced, so that the frozen soil layer is not suitable to be broken.
Secondly, in winter, the thickness of the frozen soil layer is different in different places, different blasting modes are adopted for the frozen soil layers with different thicknesses, otherwise, the blasting efficiency of the frozen soil layer is influenced, and the waste of explosives is caused.
Therefore, how to provide a blasting method for tundra with different thicknesses is a problem to be solved urgently by the technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a method for blasting an opencast mine tundra, and aims to solve the problem of reasonable blasting of the opencast tundra.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for blasting frozen soil layers of surface mines specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: measurement of frozen earth layer thickness
Determining the area of a frozen soil layer to be blasted as S, sampling the frozen soil area to be blasted by using a large-diameter core drill, wherein the diameter of a drill bit is d, drilling the core drill to a certain depth, taking out an earth pillar, and measuring the thickness h of the frozen soil layer according to the drilled earth pillar;
s2: blast hole depth determination
Depth of blast hole is h1，h10.75-0.85 h;
s3: arrangement of blast holes
Setting blast holes according to the gap distance L of the selected explosive, and setting the blast holes into rows of holes, wherein the row pitch of the blast holes in each two adjacent rows is a, a is +/-5% L, the hole pitch of two adjacent blast holes in the same row is b, and b is +/-5% L;
s4: the center positions of rectangular areas surrounded by four adjacent blasting holes are respectively provided with a pilot hole, the depth of the pilot hole is H, H is greater than H, the distance from the pilot hole to the blasting hole is w, and w is smaller than a and smaller than b;
s5: determination of the amount of explosive in each blast hole
q＝kV-kbHw
Wherein q is the explosive quantity loaded in each blast hole, k is the unit consumption of explosive, and V is the volume of frozen earth blasted in each blast hole;
s6: charging and sealing blast hole
Charging the explosive in each blast hole according to the explosive amount in each blast hole calculated in the step S5, and sealing all the blast holes by using stemming after charging is finished;
s7: and (6) detonating.
Furthermore, the blasting holes on the outermost layer in the area of the frozen soil layer to be blasted are obliquely arranged, wherein the axes of the blasting holes are far away from the central area of the frozen soil layer to be blasted at one end of the blasting port, and the included angle between the inclination angle of the blasting holes and the vertical direction is 10-30 degrees.
Further, the explosive is an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, and the sympathetic detonation distance L is 4 m.
Further, the diameter of the blast hole is equal to the diameter of the pilot hole.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the method for blasting the frozen soil layer of the open mine is more beneficial to blasting the open frozen soil layer by alternately arranging the blasting holes and the auxiliary blasting holes, most of the blasting energy of the explosive can act on the frozen soil layer by the aid of the fact that the depth of the blasting holes is smaller than that of the frozen soil layer, and the required explosive quantity in each blasting hole is reasonably calculated according to the unit consumption of the explosive, the depth (section height) of the auxiliary blasting holes, the volume of the frozen soil for single-hole blasting, the hole distance of the blasting holes and the distance (minimum resistance line) from the auxiliary blasting holes to the blasting holes, so that the blasting efficiency is optimal, and the explosive quantity is not wasted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a blast hole and a booster hole in a frozen soil layer of a surface mine provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a stepped cross-sectional structure A-A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1 is a frozen soil layer; 2 is a blast hole; 3 is a pilot hole; and 4, a loose soil layer.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to the attached drawings 1 and 2, the embodiment of the invention discloses a method for blasting a frozen soil layer of a surface mine, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: measurement of frozen earth layer thickness
Determining the area of a frozen soil layer 1 to be blasted as S, sampling in the frozen soil area to be blasted by using a large-diameter core drill, wherein the diameter of a drill bit is d, drilling the core drill to a certain depth of a soil loosening layer 4, taking out an earth pillar, and measuring the thickness h of the frozen soil layer 1 according to the drilled earth pillar;
s2: blast hole depth determination
The depth of the blast hole 2 is h1，h10.75-0.85 h;
s3: arrangement of blast holes
Arranging the blast holes 2 according to the gap distance L of the selected explosive, arranging the blast holes 2 into rows, wherein the row distance between every two adjacent rows of blast holes 2 is a, a is +/-5% L, the hole distance between every two adjacent blast holes 2 in the same row is b, and b is +/-5% L;
s4: the center positions of rectangular areas enclosed by four adjacent blasting holes 2 are respectively provided with an auxiliary blasting hole 3, the depth of each auxiliary blasting hole 3 is H, H is greater than H, each auxiliary blasting hole 3 penetrates through a frozen soil layer 1 and enters a loose soil layer 4 for a certain distance, specifically, H is 1.0H-1.4H, the distance from each auxiliary blasting hole 3 to each blasting hole 2 is w, and w is smaller than a and b;
s5: determination of the amount of explosive in each blast hole
q＝kV-kbHw
Wherein q is the explosive quantity loaded in each blast hole, k is the unit consumption of explosive, and V is the volume of frozen earth blasted in each blast hole;
s6: charging and sealing blast hole
Charging the explosive in each blast hole 2 according to the explosive amount in each blast hole 2 calculated in the step S5, and sealing all the blast holes 2 by using stemming after charging;
s7: and (6) detonating.
Further, the blast hole 2 on the outermost layer in the area of the frozen soil layer 1 to be blasted is obliquely arranged, wherein the axis of the blast hole 2 is far away from the central area of the frozen soil layer 1 to be blasted at one end of the blast opening, the included angle between the inclination angle of the blast hole 2 and the vertical direction is 10-30 degrees, the explosive is ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, the sympathetic detonation distance L is 4m, and the diameter of the blast hole 2 is equal to that of the synergistic hole 3.
Example 1
Carrying out frozen soil layer 1 blasting in a south open pit coal mine in Xinjiang for 11 months in 2019, wherein the thickness h of the frozen soil layer 1 is 1m, the determined blasting area S is 20m multiplied by 20m, the adopted explosive is an ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, and the sympathetic detonation distance L is 4m, so that the depth h of the blast hole 2 is h10.8H-0.8 m, the distance a between the blast holes 2 is 4m, the depth H of the auxiliary blast holes 3 is 1.25m, H is 1.0H-1.4H, the diameter of the drill bit is 65mm, the unit explosive consumption k of the solid frozen soil layer 1 is 0.4-0.5kg/m according to the unit explosive consumption k value table for blasting various rocks3In this embodiment, the maximum value is selected, and k is 0.5kg/m3The row pitch of the rows of holes is a, a is 4m, the row pitch of the adjacent blast holes 2 in the same row is b, and b is 4m, so that the distance w between the pilot hole 3 and the blast hole 2 is equal to
The volume of the frozen blasting soil in each blasting hole 2 is V abh-4 x 1-16 m3Therefore, each blast hole 2 needs to contain the explosive amount q:
the embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. The device disclosed by the embodiment corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (4)
1. A method for blasting frozen soil layers of surface mines is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: measurement of frozen earth layer thickness
Determining the area of a frozen soil layer to be blasted as S, sampling the frozen soil area to be blasted by using a large-diameter core drill, wherein the diameter of a drill bit is d, drilling the core drill to a certain depth, taking out an earth pillar, and measuring the thickness h of the frozen soil layer according to the drilled earth pillar;
s2: blast hole depth determination
Depth of blast hole is h1，h10.75-0.85 h;
s3: arrangement of blast holes
Setting blast holes according to the gap distance L of the selected explosive, and setting the blast holes into rows of holes, wherein the row pitch of the blast holes in each two adjacent rows is a, a is +/-5% L, the hole pitch of two adjacent blast holes in the same row is b, and b is +/-5% L;
s4: the center positions of rectangular areas surrounded by four adjacent blasting holes are respectively provided with a pilot hole, the depth of the pilot hole is H, H is greater than H, the distance from the pilot hole to the blasting hole is w, and w is smaller than a and smaller than b;
s5: determination of the amount of explosive in each blast hole
q＝kV-kbHw
Wherein q is the explosive quantity loaded in each blast hole, k is the unit consumption of explosive, and V is the volume of frozen earth blasted in each blast hole;
s6: charging and sealing blast hole
Charging the explosive in each blast hole according to the explosive amount in each blast hole calculated in the step S5, and sealing all the blast holes by using stemming after charging is finished;
s7: and (6) detonating.
2. The method for blasting frozen soil of surface mine according to claim 1, wherein the blasting hole of the outermost layer in the area of the frozen soil layer to be blasted is inclined, wherein the axis of the blasting hole is away from the central area of the frozen soil layer to be blasted at one end of the blasting opening, and the inclination angle of the blasting hole is 10-30 ° from the vertical direction.
3. The method of blasting the permafrost of a surface mine according to claim 1, wherein the explosive is an ammonium nitrate fuel explosive and the gap distance L is 4 m.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the blastholes have a diameter equal to a diameter of the associated blastholes.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114963909A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-30 | 宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司 | Explosive filling device for strip mine mining blasting in frozen soil area and using method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114963909A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-08-30 | 宏大爆破工程集团有限责任公司 | Explosive filling device for strip mine mining blasting in frozen soil area and using method thereof |
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