CN112681356A - Safe and efficient open caisson construction method - Google Patents
Safe and efficient open caisson construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112681356A CN112681356A CN202011369799.3A CN202011369799A CN112681356A CN 112681356 A CN112681356 A CN 112681356A CN 202011369799 A CN202011369799 A CN 202011369799A CN 112681356 A CN112681356 A CN 112681356A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe and efficient open caisson construction method, which comprises the following steps: installing digging equipment at the bottom of the open caisson ring pipe piece sinking to a certain depth; excavating downwards to a designed depth by using the excavating equipment, and simultaneously sinking the sinking ring segment to the excavating equipment according to gravity; constructing at least two top plates with a certain height difference in the interior of the open caisson ring pipe sheet, wherein each top plate is provided with a sealing door; inflating and pressurizing a first area between the top plate at the lowest position and the excavating equipment to balance the sinking pressure of the sinking ring segment; and inflating and pressurizing a second area formed between every two adjacent top plates to enable workers to gradually adapt to a high-pressure environment to enter the first area. The invention avoids the inclination and even collapse accidents caused by uneven stress of the structure due to different soil unloading amounts of all parts in the traditional open type excavation sinking process, and simultaneously has higher excavation construction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of open caisson construction, in particular to a safe and efficient open caisson construction method.
Background
Open caisson is a construction process commonly used in underwater construction. The construction method is mainly used for bridge foundation construction, and has the forms of square, round, oval and the like, a first section is poured in advance during construction, the lower part is hollowed after solidification, a concrete block begins to sink, the upper part is continuously poured, the upper part is hollowed again after completion, and circulation is performed in sequence until the bottom of a foundation is excavated, and the construction method is composed of a wall, a partition wall and supports. The traditional method is that excavation and tunneling are generally carried out by adopting manual work or an excavator and the like, the construction progress is slow, and in the construction process, the uniformity degree of the excavation and soil unloading beam below each concrete block is difficult to ensure, so that the result of inclination and even collapse caused by uneven stress is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a safe and efficient open caisson construction method, which can improve the construction efficiency and avoid collapse.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a safe and efficient open caisson construction method comprises the following steps:
installing digging equipment at the bottom of the open caisson ring pipe piece sinking to a certain depth;
excavating downwards to a designed depth by using the excavating equipment, and simultaneously sinking the sinking ring segment to the excavating equipment according to gravity;
constructing at least two top plates with a certain height difference in the interior of the open caisson ring pipe sheet, wherein each top plate is provided with a sealing door;
inflating and pressurizing a first area between the top plate at the lowest position and the excavating equipment to balance the sinking pressure of the sinking ring segment;
inflating and pressurizing a second area formed between every two adjacent top plates to enable workers to gradually adapt to a high-pressure environment to enter the first area;
removing the excavating equipment and transporting the removed excavating equipment upwards while controlling air pressure balance;
and relieving pressure in the first area to enable the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink to the designed depth according to self weight.
Optionally, before the step of installing the excavating equipment, the method further comprises the following steps:
constructing a sinking well ring segment at a position to be constructed;
digging an earth and a well in the sinking well ring pipe piece and leading the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink according to the self weight, and stopping digging and sinking until the self weight of the sinking well ring pipe piece and the friction force between the sinking well ring pipe piece and a soil body meet the reverse thrust required by the subsequent digging and well digging of an earth digging device;
digging soil at the bottom of the sinking well ring pipe piece to form an over-digging area for installing the digging equipment and prevent the sinking of the sinking well ring pipe piece;
and installing excavating equipment in the over-excavation area, and installing a jacking device between the excavating equipment and the sinking well ring segment.
Optionally, the sinking ring segment is composed of a plurality of segments stacked up and down, and the segment located on the upper layer is applied to the upper end of the segment when the segment located on the lower layer sinks below the ground line.
Optionally, the bottom-most inner wall of the bottom end of the duct piece gradually expands outwards from top to bottom until the diameter of the duct piece is equal to that of the outer wall.
Optionally, a plurality of reaction supports are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the sinking ring pipe piece, and the jacking device is a plurality of jacks arranged at the reaction supports and the top end of the excavating equipment; in the step of excavating downwards to the designed depth by using the excavating equipment and simultaneously sinking the sinking ring segment to the excavating equipment according to the gravity, the method comprises the following steps:
a. the digging equipment is pushed to stubborn downwards by the extension of the jack;
b. discharging soil excavated in the tunneling process and transporting the soil to the ground;
c. contracting the jack to enable the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink according to the gravity;
and repeating the steps a-c until the excavating equipment is tunneled to the depth of the equipment.
Optionally, the roof is a cast-in-place concrete structure.
Optionally, the step of transporting the demolished earthmoving equipment upwards while controlling the air pressure equilibrium, comprises the steps of:
inflating and pressurizing the second area to enable the air pressure in the second area to be the same as that in the first area;
opening the sealing door on the first area to enable the first area and the second area to be communicated;
transporting the dismantled earthmoving apparatus into the second area;
and closing the sealing door on the first area after the dismantling is finished, and transporting the dismantled excavating equipment out of the well.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the digging equipment is arranged at the bottom of the concrete sinking well ring segment sinking to a certain depth to carry out full-section synchronous excavation, so that the phenomenon that the structure is stressed unevenly to incline or even collapse accidents are caused due to different soil unloading amounts of all parts in the traditional open type excavation sinking process is avoided, and meanwhile, the excavation construction efficiency is higher; compared with the air pressure caisson adopted internationally or domestically, the method does not need to carry out pressurized construction in the whole process, and only carries out inflation pressurization on the cast-in-place multilayer top plate inside the open caisson circular pipe sheet after the tunneling is finished to remove the tunneling equipment, thereby greatly shortening the pressurized construction time of workers and greatly ensuring the health of the workers.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 shows a flow chart of the steps of the open caisson construction method of the invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic construction structure after step S1 in fig. 1 is implemented.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a construction structure for performing the construction of the upper duct piece in step S2 in fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing a construction structure after step S2 in fig. 1 is performed.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a construction structure after step S3 in fig. 1 is performed.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing a construction structure after step S4 in fig. 1 is performed.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view showing a construction structure after step S6 in fig. 1 is performed.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the safe and efficient open caisson construction method of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1: the first segment of the pipe piece 1 of the concrete cast-in-place sunk well ring pipe piece at the position to be constructed is provided with a cushion block at the bottom to prevent the pipe piece from sinking in the processes of casting and maintaining, and the cushion block at the bottom is removed after the concrete is solidified to the designed strength, as shown in figure 2.
Better, the bottom inner wall of first section of jurisdiction 1 from top to bottom outwards expands gradually until with the outer wall constant diameter, through reducing the resistance of first section of jurisdiction 1 bottom area when sinking in order to reduce first section of jurisdiction 1, more conveniently sinks sinking of well ring section of jurisdiction.
S2: and excavating and digging the well in the open caisson ring pipe piece and making the open caisson ring pipe piece sink according to the dead weight until the dead weight of the open caisson ring pipe piece and the friction force between the open caisson ring pipe piece and the soil body meet the requirement of back thrust required by the subsequent excavation and digging of the open caisson by adopting excavating equipment.
In the process, if the back thrust required by the excavation equipment for downward excavation cannot be met when the first segment of the duct piece 1 which is constructed firstly is completely submerged below the ground line a, an upper layer of the duct piece 2 is cast in situ on the top of the first segment of the duct piece 1 after the first segment of the duct piece 1 is submerged to the ground line a, as shown in fig. 3, after solidification and maintenance are carried out to the designed strength, downward excavation is carried out, and the first segment of the duct piece 1 and the upper layer of the duct piece 2 are submerged according to self weight, as shown in fig. 4. If the upper layer pipe piece 2 still does not meet the requirement, the processes of connecting the upper layer pipe piece 2 and tunneling are continued until the dead weight of the first section pipe piece 1 and the upper layer pipe piece 2 and the friction force between the first section pipe piece and the soil body meet the requirement of the back thrust of the soil excavating equipment 6.
Wherein, the top end of each segment below the top segment 9 is reserved with steel bars so as to be effectively connected with the segment on the previous layer.
S3: digging at the bottom of the caisson tube sheet forms an overbreak area 3 for installing the digging equipment 6 and avoids sinking of the caisson tube sheet, as shown in fig. 5.
The sinking of the open caisson circular pipe piece is avoided by adopting a steel member or a hydraulic jack and the like for supporting.
S4: an excavating device 6 is installed in the super-excavation region 3, and a jacking device is installed between the excavating device 6 and the open caisson ring pipe piece, as shown in fig. 6.
The excavating equipment 6 can be a pipe-jacking tunneling machine or a shield tunneling machine, and can also adopt other independently designed mechanical equipment capable of normally excavating and discharging soil.
A plurality of evenly arranged counter-force supports 4 are fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the sinking well ring pipe piece, and the jacking device is a plurality of jacks 5 arranged at the tops of the counter-force supports 4 and the digging equipment 6. Wherein, reaction support 4 can adopt the vertical structure of open caisson ring pipe piece originally, and when the vertical structure of open caisson ring pipe piece self was unsatisfied, also can add other and the reliable device that leans on of being connected of open caisson ring pipe piece, nevertheless all should follow a round of symmetry setting of open caisson, guarantees that the atress is balanced.
In the embodiment, the full-section synchronous excavation of the stubborn soil equipment is adopted, so that the phenomenon that the structure is stressed unevenly to incline and even collapse is caused due to different soil unloading amounts of all parts in the sinking process of the traditional open excavation can be avoided. The excavation equipment 6 interacts with the bottom soil body in the excavation process, and the risk of instability of the pit bottom soil body in the traditional open type excavation process is avoided. And the construction efficiency can be greatly improved by adopting the soil-collapse equipment.
S5: and (4) excavating downwards to the designed depth by using the excavating equipment 6, and simultaneously sinking the sinking ring pipe piece to the excavating equipment 6 according to the gravity.
The process specifically comprises the following steps:
s51: the digging equipment 6 is pushed to be turned to the lower soil by the extension of the jack 5.
S52: and discharging the soil body excavated in the tunneling process and transporting the soil body to the ground.
S53: and (5) retracting the jack 5 after tunneling for a certain depth to enable the open caisson circular tube piece to sink according to the gravity.
S54: and repeating the steps S51-S53 until the excavating equipment 6 excavates downwards to the designed depth.
S55: the sinking well ring pipe piece is sunk to the digging device 6 according to the gravity by contracting the jack 5.
S6: two top plates with a certain height difference are arranged inside the open caisson tube sheets, and each top plate is provided with a sealing door, as shown in fig. 7.
The top plate is formed by casting concrete in place, the air tightness of each layer of top plate needs to be checked after the sealing door is installed, and the air tightness can meet the requirements after the sealing door is closed.
S7: and a first area between the first top plate 7 and the excavating equipment 6 positioned below is inflated to pressurize and balance the sinking pressure of the sinking well ring pipe piece, so that the sinking well ring pipe piece cannot sink when the excavating equipment 6 is removed.
S8: the gradual inflation and pressurization of the second area formed between the first top plate 7 and the second top plate 8 above the second top plate enable workers to gradually adapt to the high-pressure environment until the sealing door on the first top plate 7 is opened to allow the workers to enter the first area when the air pressure in the second area is the same as that in the first area.
In some other embodiments, three or more top plates may be provided, so that the pressure of the gas on each top plate is gradually increased from top to bottom, thereby gradually adapting the high-pressure environment during the process of descending the well.
In some embodiments, the top panel may be constructed with an inflation tube attached thereto, respectively, the inflation tube being externally connected to an inflation device, such that inflation of the first and second regions is provided through the inflation tube and the inflation device, and in some other embodiments, the inflation device may be disposed directly within the first and second regions.
S9: the earthmoving equipment 6 is dismantled and the dismantled earthmoving equipment 6 is transported upwards while controlling the air pressure balance.
In the process, the parts of the removed excavating equipment 6 are transported to the position above the first top plate 7 from the hole at the sealing door on the first top plate 7, in the process, the sealing door of the first top plate 7 is opened, the sealing door of the second top plate 8 is closed, the air pressure balance in the first area and the air pressure balance in the second area are kept so as to avoid sinking of the sinking well ring pipe pieces, and workers carry the excavating equipment 6 to enter the position above the first top plate 7 after the disassembling is completed.
It should be noted that after the worker removes and carries the excavating equipment 6 to the first top plate 7, the sealing door on the first top plate 7 is closed, and the pressure in the second area needs to be gradually and slowly released, so that the worker gradually adapts to the atmospheric pressure from the high-pressure environment to avoid the reaction of discomfort and the like of the worker, and after the worker adapts, the sealing door on the second top plate 8 is opened to carry out the components of the excavating equipment 6.
S10: and (5) relieving pressure in the first area to enable the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink to the designed depth according to the dead weight, and completing construction.
In the steps, the construction under pressure is not required to be carried out in the whole process through the method, and the construction under pressure is adopted only when the equipment is finally dismantled, so that the construction time under pressure of workers is greatly shortened, the health of the workers is greatly ensured, and the excavating equipment can be recycled.
It should be noted that the structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the drawings attached to the present specification are only used for matching the disclosure of the present specification, so as to be understood and read by those skilled in the art, and are not used to limit the conditions of the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical essence, and any structural modification, ratio relationship change, or size adjustment should still fall within the scope of the present invention without affecting the efficacy and the achievable purpose of the present invention. In addition, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle" and "one" used in the present specification are for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and the relative relationship between the terms and the terms is not to be construed as a scope of the present invention.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A safe and efficient open caisson construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
installing digging equipment at the bottom of the open caisson ring pipe piece sinking to a certain depth;
excavating downwards to a designed depth by using the excavating equipment, and simultaneously sinking the sinking ring segment to the excavating equipment according to gravity;
constructing at least two top plates with a certain height difference in the interior of the open caisson ring pipe sheet, wherein each top plate is provided with a sealing door;
inflating and pressurizing a first area between the top plate at the lowest position and the excavating equipment to balance the sinking pressure of the sinking ring segment;
inflating and pressurizing a second area formed between every two adjacent top plates to enable workers to gradually adapt to a high-pressure environment to enter the first area;
removing the excavating equipment and transporting the removed excavating equipment upwards while controlling air pressure balance;
and relieving pressure in the first area to enable the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink to the designed depth according to self weight.
2. The safe and efficient open caisson construction method of claim 1, further comprising, before said step of installing said excavating equipment, the steps of:
constructing a sinking well ring segment at a position to be constructed;
digging an earth and a well in the sinking well ring pipe piece and leading the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink according to the self weight, and stopping digging and sinking until the self weight of the sinking well ring pipe piece and the friction force between the sinking well ring pipe piece and a soil body meet the reverse thrust required by the subsequent digging and well digging of an earth digging device;
digging soil at the bottom of the sinking well ring pipe piece to form an over-digging area for installing the digging equipment and prevent the sinking of the sinking well ring pipe piece;
and installing excavating equipment in the over-excavation area, and installing a jacking device between the excavating equipment and the sinking well ring segment.
3. The safe and efficient open caisson construction method of claim 2, wherein said open caisson ring segment is composed of a plurality of segments stacked one on top of another, and said segment located at the upper layer is applied to the upper end of said segment located at the lower layer while said segment located at the lower layer is lowered below the ground level.
4. The safe and efficient open caisson construction method of claim 3, wherein the bottom inner wall of the tube piece at the bottommost layer gradually expands outwards from top to bottom until the diameter of the bottom inner wall is equal to that of the outer wall.
5. The safe and efficient open caisson construction method of claim 2, wherein a plurality of reaction force brackets are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the open caisson ring segment, and the jacking devices are a plurality of jacks arranged at the top ends of the reaction force brackets and the excavating equipment; in the step of excavating downwards to the designed depth by using the excavating equipment and simultaneously sinking the sinking ring segment to the excavating equipment according to the gravity, the method comprises the following steps:
a. the digging equipment is pushed to stubborn downwards by the extension of the jack;
b. discharging soil excavated in the tunneling process and transporting the soil to the ground;
c. contracting the jack to enable the sinking well ring pipe piece to sink according to the gravity;
and repeating the steps a-c until the excavating equipment is tunneled to the depth of the equipment.
6. The safe and efficient open caisson construction method of claim 1, wherein the top slab is a cast-in-place concrete structure.
7. The safe and efficient open caisson construction method of claim 1, wherein the step of transporting the demolished said excavating equipment upwardly while controlling the air pressure balance comprises the steps of:
inflating and pressurizing the second area to enable the air pressure in the second area to be the same as that in the first area;
opening the sealing door on the first area to enable the first area and the second area to be communicated;
transporting the dismantled earthmoving apparatus into the second area;
and closing the sealing door on the first area after the dismantling is finished, and transporting the dismantled excavating equipment out of the well.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011369799.3A CN112681356A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Safe and efficient open caisson construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011369799.3A CN112681356A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Safe and efficient open caisson construction method |
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| CN112681356A true CN112681356A (en) | 2021-04-20 |
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| CN202011369799.3A Pending CN112681356A (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2020-11-30 | Safe and efficient open caisson construction method |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000192471A (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-11 | Daiho Constr Co Ltd | Caisson |
| JP2016183543A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-20 | 株式会社大本組 | Recovery type ceiling traveling truck for pneumatic caisson |
| JP2017071994A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Pneumatic caisson, and rapid immersion suppressing method therefor |
| CN107461197A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-12 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | A kind of drop shaft sinking shaft excavation machine and its construction method |
-
2020
- 2020-11-30 CN CN202011369799.3A patent/CN112681356A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000192471A (en) * | 1998-12-28 | 2000-07-11 | Daiho Constr Co Ltd | Caisson |
| JP2016183543A (en) * | 2015-03-27 | 2016-10-20 | 株式会社大本組 | Recovery type ceiling traveling truck for pneumatic caisson |
| JP2017071994A (en) * | 2015-10-09 | 2017-04-13 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Pneumatic caisson, and rapid immersion suppressing method therefor |
| CN107461197A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-12 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | A kind of drop shaft sinking shaft excavation machine and its construction method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 郑霜杰: "《桥梁工程施工技术》", 30 April 2018 * |
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Application publication date: 20210420 |
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